18 august business maths

www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS

STATISTICS, INDEX NUMBERS, AND ANALYSIS FOR

BUSINESS

AFTERSCHO☺OL – DEVELOPING CHANGE MAKERS

CENTRE FOR SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP PGPSE PROGRAMME –

World’ Most Comprehensive programme in social entrepreneurship & spiritual entrepreneurship

OPEN FOR ALL FREE FOR ALL


STATISTICS, INDEX NUMBERS, AND ANALYSIS FOR

BUSINESS

Dr. T.K. Jain.

AFTERSCHO☺OLCentre for social entrepreneurship

Bikaner M: 9414430763

[email protected]

www.afterschool.tk, www.afterschoool.tk


Solve it …..

• On the basis of a sample of 100 students, it was found that coefficient of correlation between marks obtained in Accountancy and Statistics was + 0.93. Assuming the distribution of marks to be normal, find out limits of coefficient of correlation of the universe.


Calculate correlation . . .

• X 42 44 46 40 44 42 45 42 38 40 42 57

• Y 29 31 19 18 19 27 27 29 41 30 26 10

• Answer:

• - .7

• See excel sheet


FROM THE PRICES, CALCULATE CHAIN INDEX . . . .

YEAR PRICE LINK RELATIVE

CHAIN INDEX

2000 80 100 100

2001 100 125 125

2002 120 120 150

2003 160 133.33 199.99

2004 128 80 159.99


SOLUTION ..

• As you have seen the solution, remember the formula:

• Chain index

• = (Link relative of current year * chain index of the previous year)/100


What is chi-square distribution?

• It is used to compare two groups.

• When you want to find whether two groups are similar or there is significant difference between 2 groups, use chi-square distribution


What is degree of freedom?

• If there are n variables, there is (n-1) degree of freedom. Since we have 2 groups in chi square, the degree of freedom is taken as (R-1) (C-1)

• Suppose there are 3 rows and 4 columns, the degree of freedom will be : 2*3 = 6 answer.


How to use

• If the n is more than 30, it is normal distribution

• Expected frequency should not be less than 5.


Find chisquare distribution for the following?

X 140 150 110 140 540

Y 200 150 100 140 590

340 300 210 280 1130


Solution

• Chi-square value is 8.694 now compare this value to the standard value from chi square table at yourspeficifed level of significance. If this value is less than the table value, then the groups are similar.

• See excel file


Mean of the chi square distribution is

• N


Standard distribution of chi square distribution?

• Sqrt (2n)


Mean of t distribution

• Zero


Standard deviation of t distribution

• Sqrt (n/(n-2))

• T distribution is symmetric when t =0


Why do we use F distribution and T distribution

• When sample is small we use T distribution

• T distribution compares two groups• F distribution is also used to compare two

groups• Mean of F distribution: n2/(n2-2)• Chisquare and F distribution are positively

skewed distribution, but T distribution is symmetric (t=0)


ABOUT AFTERSCHO☺OL

Afterschoool conducts three year integrated PGPSE (after class 12th along with IAS / CA / CS) and 18 month PGPSE (Post Graduate Programme in Social Entrepreneurship) along with preparation for CS / CFP / CFA /CMA / FRM. This course is also available online also. It also conducts workshops on social entrepreneurship in schools and colleges all over India – start social entrepreneurship club in your institution today with the help from afterschoool and help us in developing society.


Why such a programme?

• To promote people to take up entrepreneurship and help develop the society

• To enable people to take up franchising and other such options to start a business / social development project

• To enable people to take up social development as their mission

• To enable people to promote spirituality and positive thinking in the world


Who are our supporters?

• Afterschoolians, our past beneficiaries, entrepreneurs and social entrepreneurs are supporting us.

• You can also support us – not necessarily by money – but by being promotor of our concept and our ideas.


About AFTERSCHO☺OL PGPSE – the best programme for developing great

entrepreneurs• Most flexible, adaptive but rigorous programme• Available in distance learning mode• Case study focused- latest cases • Industry oriented practical curriculum• Designed to make you entrepreneurs – not just

an employee• Option to take up part time job – so earn while

you learn • The only absolutely free course on internet


Workshops from AFTERSCHO☺OL

• IIF, Delhi• CIPS, Jaipur• ICSI Hyderabad Branch• Gyan Vihar, Jaipur• Apex Institute of Management, Jaipur• Aravali Institute of Management, Jodhpur• Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneshwar • Pacific Institute, Udaipur• Engineering College, Hyderabad


Flexible Specialisations:

• Spiritualising business and society• Rural development and transformation• HRD and Education, Social Development• NGO and voluntary work• Investment analysis,microfinance and inclusion • Retail sector, BPO, KPO• Accounting & Information system (with CA / CS /CMA)• Hospital management and Health care• Hospitality sector and culture and heritage• Other sectors of high growth, high technology and social

relevance


Salient features:• The only programme of its kind (in the whole world)• No publicity and low profile course• For those who want to achieve success in life – not just a

degree• Flexible – you may stay for a month and continue the rest of

the education by distance mode. / you may attend weekend classes

• Scholarships for those from poor economic background• Latest and constantly changing curriculum – keeping pace

with the time• Placement for those who are interested• Admissions open throughout the year • Latest and most advanced technologies, books and study

material


Components • Pedagogy curriculum and approach based on IIM Ahmedabad and ISB

Hyderabad (the founder is alumnus from IIMA & ISB Hyderabad)• Meditation, spiritualisation, and self development • Essential softwares for business• Business plan, Research projects• Participation in conferences / seminars• Workshops on leadership, team building etc. • Written submissions of research projects/articles / papers• Interview of entrepreneurs, writing biographies of entrepreneurs• Editing of journals / newsletters• Consultancy / research projects • Assignments, communication skill workshops• Participation in conferences and seminars• Group discussions, mock interviews, self development diaryng • Mind Power Training & writing workshop (by Dr. T.K.Jain)


Pedagogy

• Case analysis,• Articles from Harvard Business Review • Quiz, seminars, workshops, games, • Visits to entrepreneurs and industrial visits• Presentations, Latest audio-visuals• Group discussions and group projects• Periodic self assessment• Mentoring and counselling• Study exchange programme (with institutions out of

India)• Rural development / Social welfare projects


Branches

• AFTERSCHO☺OL will shortly open its branches in important cities in India including Delhi, Kota, Mumbai, Gurgaon and other important cities. Afterschooolians will be responsible for managing and developing these branches – and for promoting social entrepreneurs.


Case Studies

• We want to write case studies on social entrepreneurs, first generation entrepreneurs, ethical entrepreneurs. Please help us in this process. Help us to be in touch with entrepreneurs, so that we may develop entrepreneurs.


Basic values at AFTERSCHO☺OL

• Share to learn more• Interact to develop yourself• Fear is your worst enemy• Make mistakes to learn • Study & discuss in a group• Criticism is the healthy route to mutual support

and help • Ask fundamental questions : why, when, how &

where?• Embrace change – and compete with yourself

only


www.afterschoool.tk social entrepreneurship for better

society

18 august business maths

Technology

t distribution t distribution

chisquare distribution

chisquare distribution

distribution of marks

skewed distribution

groups f distribution

social entrepreneurship

social relevance