Classical1750-1820

What was happening in the World

America found its independence from Britain in the Revolutionary War, the writing of the Declaration of Independence and Constitution

America was a predominantly Protestant country

Spurred on by America, the French began their own revolution in 1789 shaking the aristocracy of Europe after the fall of King Louie XVI and Marie Antoinette

Briton George Stephenson invents the first steam locomotive, which will be used instead of horses and mules to haul coal

Happenings continued

Blue laws get their name in New Haven, Connecticut, when a town ordinance printed on blue paper prohibits work on Sunday

In 1798, a French army captain discovers the Rosetta Stone.

Italian physicist Alessandro Volta invents the electric battery, providing the first source of a continuous circuit.

French physicist Andre Marie Ampere discovers the basic workings of electric currents.

John Chapman, better known as Jonny Appleseed, begins scattering religious tracts and apple seeds in pioneer communities throughout the American Midwest.

Music Opera house was critical

Reached widest audiences Each scene was a developed, closed musical unit

A full development and exploration of voice parts took center stage

String Quartets were developed and gained popularity

Composers like Hayden and Mozart built friendships and influenced each others work

Hayden Joseph Hayden: 1732-

1809 focused on string and quartets, religious and secular music

Most popular works: 14 Masses, The Creatoin (197-1798), Surprise G Major

Lived in poverty for years until Vienna aristocracy took notice of his compositions

He and Mozart were very close friends

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0gF-Wzp8Ni8

Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus

Mozart: 1756-1791 was a composer by age 5

The epitome of a child prodigy

He composed over 40 symphonies, and also favored opera

Wrote his first opera at the age of 13

Died at age 35 trying to finish Requiem for his own death

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zi8vJ_lMxQI

Beethovan Ludwig van Beethovan

1770-1827 was crucial in the transition from Baroque to Classical music

Most well known for his symphonies, but his 5 concerto for piano, 32 piano sonatas, and 16 string quartets along with chamber and coral music aren’t far behind in popularity

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FKnOYSWT5BM

Classical Art

Revival of Greek inspired art

A clash of Romantic art and Greek classics

Dramatic, at times very bold

Sketches of simple lines

Jacques-Louis David, the death of Socrates, 1787

Jacques-Louis David

Most known for his depiction of “Coronation of Napoleon”

Used bright colors

Favored paintings of Greeks and Romans

Jacques-Louis David

Last great painting “Mars desarm par Venus”

Angelica Kauffman

Austrian female painter

Was known for her “history paintings”

Married twice, her popularity as an artists dwindled with her marriage

Loved to depict Shakespeare scenes

Self Portrait

History Paintings Kauffman

Miranda and Ferdinand in The Tempest, 1782 El juicio de Paris

Antonio Canova

Extremely influenced by classic sculpture

Modeled after artists like DaVinci

Used subjects like Cupid, Psyche and Venus

Cupid and Psyche

Canova

Theseus The Three Graces

Franz Xaver Messerschmidt Born in Germany,

grew up in Munich Most known for his

busts Influenced and

taught by uncle Phillip Jakob Straub

One of Messerschmidt’s “Character” Heads

Messerschmidt

Yawning Emotions III

Rococo/Neo-Classicism

Rococo or late Baroque influenced the architecture and decorating

Neo-classicism quickly took the place of Rococo architecture

Extreme attention to detail

Again had Greek/Roman influence seen in columns and design

London- designed by Robert Adam in 1777

Charles Cameron

Scottish man Born 1740-1812 He was an artists,

decorator and architect

Commissioned for Catherine the Great of Russia where his greatest designs were created

Charles Cameron

Model town Sophia build for Catherine of

Russia

Agate Pavilion, east side. Also showing the Ground Floor, where the Baths were situated, and part of the Vaulted Ramp.

American architect Thomas Jefferson

Took great interest in English architecture

Designed his home in Virginia Monticello

Designed University of Virginia

Also a US President, and slave holder

Jefferson’s Architecture

University of Virginia Monticello