17/07/21 lightning resilient india campaign 1

17/07/21 Lightning Resilient India Campaign 1

Lightning –the unrecognized biggest killer

presentation by Col Sanjay Srivastava

Chairman, Climate Resilient Observing Systems Promotion Council(CROPC) Convener

Lightning Resilient India Campaign- joint initiative of India Met Department-CROPC- World Vision IndiaEmail [email protected], [email protected] Website www.cropc.org Mob +917631089049

Credits :All data on lightning strikes have been taken from Lightning Resilient India Campaign’s Annual lightning Reports which in turn has been prepared based on data from Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology and EW products from India Meteorological Department, Ministry of Earth Science.Death records have been compiled from NCRB, NDMA, SDMAs, Media reports and our volunteers network of NGOs and CSOs


mailto:[email protected]


http://www.cropc.org/

Lightning in India

Its mostly cloud to cloud or cloud to ground lightning (i) Hills Jungle areas Lightning(ii) River basin Lightning (iii) Coastal Lightning (iv) Urban/semi urban Lightning

Period – Maximum Lightning March , Heavy lightning June to October during the monsoon , especially in initial and terminal phase of monsoon,

Number of lightning days are less but deadly and intense

Lightning is on rise due to global warming, deforestation, depletion of water bodies, environmental degradation and climate change extremties

It is estimated approximately 2500 plus deaths per year due to lightning , per strike casualties are in large number

Rural areas and Forests with tall trees and water bodies are most vulnerable , 96 % deaths are in rural areas and people standing under tall trees

Urban areas are less vulnerable due to having large number of lightning conductors , less number of trees and water bodies


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Lightnings_sequence_2_animation.gif

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Lightnings_sequence_2_animation.gif

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Lightning_animation.gif

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Lightning_animation.gif

Lightning Resilient India Campaign2019-2021

क्या मेरा घर, स्कूल, कायाालय या मैदान वज्रपात सुरक्षित है? कृपया लाइटननिंग किं डक्टर / रोधक कीजााँच करें और स्थापपत करें I

1

वज्रपात की पूवा चतेावनी2

क्या करें, क्या न करें3

तड़ित सुरक्षा प्रणााी दामिनी ऐप डाउनीोड करेंऔर हिेशा सूचित और सतकक रहें I प्ीेस्टोर का मी कhttps://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.lightening.live.damini&hl=en_IN

1 2 3

तड़ित चालक या रोधक हीआसमान से धरती पर आने वाली पवद्यतु-प्रवाहको जमीिंदोज करताहै I

पक्के घर िेंह शरणा ीें i

कार/बस सुरक्षक्षत हैiघर न मिीे तोकार/बस िें शरणा ीें

पे़ि़ों से दरू रहें

अपने आप को छोटाप्रस्तुत करें

जी-ननकाय़ोंसे दरू रहें

यदद कोई आश्रय नह है, तो सुरक्षक्षत िुद्रा िें बैठें i

* धातु / द वार को न छुए * धातु के उपकरणा, गोल्फिछी पक़िनेवाी ीोहे कीछ़ि को न रखेंi

वज्रपात के दौरान सुरक्षक्षत रहने के उपाय


https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.lightening.live.damini&hl=en_IN

Lightning Resilient India Campaign Patrons

Sri P.P. Shrivastav,(IAS) (Retd)

Member ,NDMA Advisory Committee

Sri Anil Kumar Sinha, IAS(Retd)

Fellow ICIMOD, Frmr VC BSDMA

Dr. K.J. Ramesh, former DG

Indian Meteorological Department

Dr. M. Mohapatra, DG

Indian Meteorological Department

Sri R.K. Jain, IAS

Secretary General , IRCS

Prof A.K.Gosain, IIT Delhi

Dr. VS Prakash

Founder Director KSNDMC

Prof. S.K. Dash, CAS, IIT Delhi

Dr Aditi Kapoor, IFRC

Dr. N.M. Prusty, President HAI

Sri. Thomas Cherian, World Vision

India

Convener

Col Sanjay Srivastava

Aim

1. To reduce Lightning deaths of human beings,

livestock and wild animals by 80% in next 03

years

Vision

2. The vision of Lightning Safe Indian Campaign is to

create a Lightning Resilient Society through a comprehensive,

multipronged innovative approach and collective action thereby

taking Multi Hazard Early Warning to the community up to last

mile, capacity building and creating lightning safe

infrastructures with focus on local disaster hotspots in

accordance with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk

Reduction(SF DRR) and zero tolerance towards avoidable

disasters.

Mission

3. Lightning safe India Campaign’s mission is to

bring down the deaths due to lightning by 80% in a period of

three years from 2019 to 2021 through increased standardized

instrumentation ,prompt dissemination of early warning to last

mile through committed volunteers in user friendly manner,

create a culture of safety through active capacity building

through education, awareness & training and guidance on

installation of lightning safety devices in critical

Grateful for support to

National Disaster Management

Authority

Ministry of Home Affairs

Indian Meteorological Society (IMS)

Association of Agro-meteorologists

IIT Delhi

SCDR, JNU

All India Radio

International Federation of Red

Crescent (IFRC)

Indian Red Cross Society

UNISDR

GNDR

State Governments

NRSC ISRO

IITM PUNE


Lightning Resilient India CampaignTo stop deaths due to lightning by aggressive actions

• Lightning Early Warning – its operationalization to MCs/ SDMAs and dissemination to farmers, cattle grazers ,children and people in open areas

• Create a network of volunteers and NGOs/ CSOs with Government and community to ensure Lightning safety Programme

• Develop Local Lightning Safety Action Plan and implement it

• Lightning Risk Assessment

• Scientific Research and Development – recording of all lightning strikes and mapping it

• Designation of Lightning Hotspots

• Education ,awareness and practice Dos and Don'ts

• Install Lightning Protection devices

• Lightning Risk Audit

• Preparation of Lightning Atlas

• Policy level interventions

• Enlist Lightning as a disaster to ensure institutionalized effort

• Create a sense of competition amongst state to become Lightning Resilient

• Make government and community understand veracity of Lightning

• Function as technical knowledge bank and serve government and community

• Create various solutions to reduce the fatalities

Climate Change adaptation for environmental up-gradation

• Assess local environmental condition at measurable scale in terms of various components like water, forest cover, pollution, weather extremes like heat wave, cold, heavy rains, lightning etc. etc.

• Carry out reverse modeling with an aim to come out with sector wise adaptation Programme like conservation of water, forest, reduction in pollution

• Institutional action plans and indicators • Draw out individual behaviouial changes

and implementation Programme• Start Programme to mitigate lightning like

plantation of Coconut trees or tall trees around living hutments

• Stop/reducing high temperature yielding activities

• Reduce pollution • Invest in plants and environmental

conservation17/07/21 Lightning Resilient India Campaign 6

Lightning deaths in India

Lightning 33%

Flood14%

Earthquake 9%

Sunstroke12%

Cold10%

Epidemic3%

Forest Fires0%

Lanslide10%

Cyclone9%

Natural Hazard Casualty 1967-2019


Lightning deaths in India 1967-2020

Lightning 33%

Flood14%

Earthquake 9%

Sunstroke12%

Cold10%

Epidemic3%

Forest Fires0%

Lanslide10%

Cyclone9%

Natural Hazard Casualty 1967-2019


Lightning deaths in India 1967-202011

65

1314

1239 13

09

1278

1196

1228

1468

1606

1763

1755

2177

1496

14

66

1667 17

54

1884

1406

1381

1163

1608

1506 16

33 1757

1713

1546

1939

1615 16

64

1699

1957

1891

1621

1472

1507

13

83

1792 18

42

2062

2387

2790

2553

2513 26

22

2550

2263

2833

25

82

2641

3315

2885

2357

1771

504

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

20

20

*

1697


Lightning Deaths 2019-2020 vs 2020-2021


State wise trends of Lightning deaths 9

4.3

5

6.4

36

.45

16

4.9 1

81

.9

1

66

.3

7.3 9.4

5

4.9

5

11

6.6

10

0.7

5

38

.2

31

5.4

5

25

6.7

2.5 4.4

5

1.1 2.6

24

3.8

5

7.9

67

.7

2.7

74

.1

13

.95

8

19

6.4

16

.15

14

0.7

20 YEARS AVERAGE OF LIGHTNING DEATHS 2001 -2020


Seasonality deaths and its relation to lightning strikes and seasonality


Lightning Over India Apr 2019- Mar 2020

Total Lightning -13864664

Inter Cloud – 8847042

Cloud to Ground 5017622

IC62%

CG38%


Lightning in 2020-2021


Comparison Lightning strikes

2019-2020 2020-2021


Quarterly Lightning Mapping : Analysis

01 April 2019-31 July 2019 01 August2019-30 Sep 2019

01Oct 2019-31 Dec 2019 01 Jan 2020-31 Mar 2020


Top 10 states in Lightning strike counts in each quarter


Lightning Fatalities Month wise trend


http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/enhanced/figures/doi/10.1002/met.1520

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/enhanced/figures/doi/10.1002/met.1520

Comparative Analysis of seasonality– Southern states

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

Apr-19 May-19 Jun-19 Jul-19 Aug-19 Sep-19 Oct-19 Nov-19 Dec-19 Jan-20 Feb-20 Mar-20

4396

5

7057

8

9670

2

2245

9

1610

1

2659

5

9280

4

5452

0 0 0 31

3300

3

4193

6

4662

0

1204

7

7143 18

717 63

608

4352

0 11 0 27

7696

8 1125

14

1433

22

3450

6

2324

4

4531

2

1564

12

9804

0 11 0 58

IC CG Total

Andhra Pradesh

0

50000

100000

150000


61

63

1

51

82

8

17

68

8

73

2

23

56

38

68 3

92

27 77

00

2

28

18

0 11

1117

287

16

24

0

67

17

44

1

21

29

31

97 30

22

3

57

15

0

19

32

0 11 11

78

91

8

6806

8

24

40

5

11

73

44

85

70

65

69

45

0

13

41

52

47

50

0 22 22

IC CG Total

0

50000

100000

150000


28

38

8

10

41

34

42

47

6

21

22

7

88

75

32

74

7

41

54

4

65

31

6

72

2

17

41

16

96

5

55

11

218

04

6

36

57

8

22

35

8

10

15

9

58

94

36

65

3

36

09

8

57

10

2

46

0

11

04

85

70

29

48

8

46

43

4

14

07

12

64

83

4 31

38

6

14

76

9

69

40

0

77

64

2

12

24

18

11

82

28

45

25535

84600

IC CG Total

0

50000

100000

150000


28327

34

81

4

76909 13

76

8

11145

24

99

8

59510 11

64

4 67

33

2 0

10

4

19

33

7

28

67

3

39

35

1

11

27

8

50

03

14

61

3

46

12

0 75

82 11

40

6 11

118

47

66

4

63

48

7

11

62

60

25

04

6

16

14

8

39

61

1

10

56

30

19

22

6 78

73

8 11

222

IC CG Total

Telangana

Kerala

Tamilnadu.


South India:Lightning strikes vs Deaths

State Strikes DeathsAndhra Pradesh 602.151 109

Kerala 392.151 15

Tamilnadu 681.757 57

Telangana 434.121 96

Total 2110.18 27717/07/21 Lightning Resilient India Campaign 24

South India:Lightning Strikes Vs Deaths

Andhra Pradesh Kerala Tamilnadu Telangana

602.151

392.151

681.757

434.121

109

15

5796

Lightning Strikes Vs Deaths

Strikes Deaths


Lightning Timing of Occurrence


1200-1800 hours : 68% 1800-2400: 64%.

Lightning Occurrence time :Risk

Gujarat Lightning occurrence Timings


Thunderstorm vs Lightning


Mid Monsoon 2019Lightning Report


Geography of occurrence Backcountry Lightning Risk Management


Backcountry Management of Lightning Risk


Lightning Safe areas


Lightning origins – Highlights


Lightning and Climate Change –Lightning is promulgation of

cumulative extremes of climate change


Lightning and climate change

1 degree C rise in temperature increases lightning 12 times

Annual Lightning Report 2020-2021 shows 34% rise in lightning.

States like Punjab 331%, West Bengal 100%

Many states recorded less lightning

Final comment by 2024 after 5 years study on climatology of lightning


Comparison of Lightning Strikes Flashes inWest Bengal between 2019-20 & 2020-2021

81

76

5 12

01

17

23

14

08

10

58

06

85

04

9

49

07

3 87

03

3

90

35

0

42

8

26 58

3

19

75

02

27

44

99

15

43

13

91

18

2

60

62

5

13

20

44

20

15

0

9 0 1 11

5 17

48

0

A P R M A Y J U N E J U L Y A U G U S T S E P O C T N O V D E C J A N F E B M A R C H

COMPARISON LIGHTNING STRIKES IN 2019-20 TO 2020-2021

2019-20 West Bengal 2020-2021 West Bengal

761728

1521786

2019-20 2020-2021

Increase –99.78%


Odisha- North East- Hotrod Zone

Lightning Red hot routeBoB- Odisha- Jharkhand-BANGLADESH- Meghalaya


Bay of Bengal & Arabian Sea - Lightning Routes

Lightning Red hot routeBoB- AP - Odisha- Jharkhand-BANGLADESH- Meghalaya

Arabian Lightning routeKerala – Karnataka 17/07/21 Lightning Resilient India Campaign 45

Western Disturbance induced Bay of Bengal & Arabian Sea - Lightning Routes

Lightning Red hot routeBoB- AP - Odisha- Jharkhand-BANGLADESH- Meghalaya

Arabian Lightning routeKerala – Karnataka

Western Disturbances


Anti cyclonic lightning trends

Anti Cyclonic moves induced lightning


Western Disturbance - Anti cyclonic lightning trends

Anti Cyclonic moves induced lightning


Lightning Victims ? > ?


Annual Lightning Report 2019-2020

Lightning deaths Category wise

ककसानिदहीाबच्ि़ों

ग्रािीणा शहर

96%

Urban 4 %

Rural 96%

Farmer 70 % Women 34%Children 35%


Cause of deaths :Lightning Deaths

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Total Death(487) Standing under tree (321/66%) Direct hit (107/22%) Indirect hit (60/12%)

Cause of Lightning Death (01 Apr-14 june 2019)17/07/21 Lightning Resilient India Campaign 51

Lightning Deaths Category wise

Urban 3 %

Rural 97%

Farmer 65 % Women 34%Children 35%

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Total Death(487) Male (314/64%) Female (163/36%) Children(168/35%)

Farmer (316/65%) Rural (462/97%) Urban (24/3%)


Lightning impact over child’s mental health : article in Readers Digest June 2020


Lightning Vs Tribal Relationship


Lightning Deaths Max in Tribal areas



Lightning Deaths of Animals



Revenue Loss



ODISHA : IMPACTS

402 401

466

331

200

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019(up to Sept)

HUMAN CASUALTY


Most Lightning Resilient State Award 2019


Lightning Resilience Award 2019-Andhra Pradesh

Year Lightning Death

2018 138

2019 65


Lightning deaths data


States trend in reducing lightning deaths

Green States

Odisha

Andhra Pradesh

Nagaland

Mizoram

Jharkhand

Maharashtra

Assam

West Bengal

Kerala

Karnataka

Punjab

Red states

Madhya Pradesh

Bihar

Uttar Pradesh

Chhattisgarh

Tamilnadu

Telangana

Delhi

Gujarat

Rajasthan

Uttarakhand

Himachal Pradesh17/07/21 Lightning Resilient India Campaign 62

Lightning Risk Management- available solutions

Capacity building and training- ToT programme Farmers , Fishermen, Tribal, Rural Development , PRIs, TeachersChildren

Lightning Early Warning IMD , Damini App and CROPC volunteers, social media, TV, newspaapers

Lightning Safety Plan- Preparedness, prevention, mitigation and responseRevision of curriculum

CROPC

Awareness and safety program and materials IMD-CROPC-IITMOpen source, Mukhiya Capacity Building Programme

Mitigation- Lightning Alert systems. Arresters, Soft measures- awareness, education & training Structural measures- safe shelters,

Government functionaries at National to state level

Lightning Mitigation Protection CROPC solutions of safe school, safe farmers, safe temple, mosque,village and cities


India Meteorological Department (IMD)’s

Lightning Early Warning Products

Time in advance Model Detection Action by SDMA

48 hours look out lead time

High resolution Global Model Thunderstorm 12.5 km spatial resolution

Lightning flash, Lightning probability, Heavy rain, gusty wind

Inform concerned Districts authorities and last mile

24 hours lead time

High resolution Global Model

Lightning flash, Lightning probability, Heavy rain, gusty wind

Inform concerned Districts authorities and panchayats, media publicity

2-3 Hours Nowcast

Multiple models Lightning, thunderstorm,squall , cloudburst

Disseminate to effected public schools, TV, Radio and NGOs , 17/07/21 Lightning Resilient India Campaign 64

Damini : Lightning Alert Map

Source Engine

SatellitesDoppler Radar networkLightning detection sensors

Available on google play storehttps://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.lightening.live.damini&hl=en_IN


https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.lightening.live.damini&hl=en_IN

Meghdoot : Farmers Mobile App

Source Engine

SatellitesDoppler Radar networkLightning detection sensors

Available on google play storehttps://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.aas.meghdoot&hl


https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.aas.meghdoot&hl=en_IN

Dedicated Lightning Action Plan


https://ndma.gov.in/sites/default/files/PDF/Guidelines/Guidelines-on-TSL-HSW.pdf17/07/21 Lightning Resilient India Campaign 68

https://ndma.gov.in/sites/default/files/PDF/Guidelines/Guidelines-on-TSL-HSW.pdf

Ownership to Lightning disaster

State to notify Lightning as state specific disaster

District Level – DDMA

Community centric

SDRF , Civil Defence

- training and awareness

on lightning rescue,

monitoring and

community awareness


State Lightning Action Plan

Lightning Seasonal event

> Kalbaishakhi- post 13 April 2021

> Pre- monsoon & terminal monsoon

> Western disturbance

Hotspot

> Identification

> Ensure Lightning Arrester/ conductor

> Village Risk Management programme

> Fort and Archeological heritage management

> Lakes, hills, Industries

> School, farmers and community places safety 17/07/21 Lightning Resilient India Campaign 70


Understanding the hazard

> Lightning unique disaster

> Education, awareness and training

Identify victims

> Tourists

> Farmers, cattle grazers,people working in open

IEC – Most important

> General public, social media, rural, industries

> Panchayat, Farmers, tourists

> Children,women17/07/21 Lightning Resilient India Campaign 71


Early Warning operationalization

> IMD Lightning EW

> Damini lightning alert app

> Dissemination below district level

> Incident Response system

> Responsible officers/person at Block, panchayat,

villages and up to people in open


State Lightning Action Plan Policy intervention

> building bye laws

> School safety plan

> Farmers safety plan

> Cattle safety plan

> Mainstreaming lightning safety with other

government schemes and plans like MGNREGA,

Water shed program, PHED/DW program, solar

mission etc.17/07/21 Lightning Resilient India Campaign 73

School Safety Policy – include Lightning

School Safety Plan-incorporate

Lightning


Lightning Mitigation


Lightning Safety Action Plan Educate about the lightning hazard and risks

Risk Assessment

Early warning saves life > Install lightning Early warning System> Install Public Notification System

Lightning Protection Device- install smart arresters

Capacity building – Do’s and don'ts, awareness and training


Lightning – understand the hazard Lightning is occurrence of a natural electrical discharge of very short duration and high voltage between a cloud and the ground or within a cloud, accompanied by a bright flash and typically also thunder."a tremendous flash of lightning.

Two types of Lightning 1. Inter Cloud (IC)2. Cloud to ground (CG)

There may be lightning without thunder too.


Impact of Lightning

Verticla strikes

Lateral strikes

Vertical strikes are fatal in dense area/height/isolated tall structures like trees, polls, towers – Jungles, rural areas

Lateral strikes are fatal in open space, agricultural fields . Example –recent deaths in Bihar, UP


Risk Assessment Methodology Details of the area/asset which needs to be protected

Risk = Vulnerability x Exposure

Geographical vulnerability – contours, Hill features, slopes, neighboring water bodies,

Lightning strikes history > Lightning intensity and frequency including positive and negative lightning flashes> Lethal potential – current, bolt and energy contents> Lightning Risk map> Expected number of lightning flashes per square kilometer as per IEC-62305 be obtained and worked out

Exposure Risk – It should be calculated in the moderation of 10 to the power -5 ( 1 in 100000) and based on this the lightning exposure of critical assets specially Headquarters, signal centres, IT Centers, transformers, living area, training area, firing range, Parade /PT ground etc be identified and exposure is required to be worked out.

Calculate Risk Index


Lightning Risk Map

Total Lightning 01-04-2020 TO 31-03-2021

States IC CG Total

Arunachal Pradesh 6250 5348 11598

Assam 127723 81475 209198

Manipur 10042 9129 19171

Meghalaya 116250 66738 182988

Mizoram 30746 26723 57469

Nagaland 6474 6476 12950

Sikkim 3988 2034 6022

Tripura 53490 32010 85500

354963 229933 584896


Lightning Early Warning System

It detects storm cell and electric charge

Activates sensors

Alerts by hooter/

PA System

Range – 20 km


Lightning Early Warning Public Notification System

Stand alone remotely operated device Components Mike horns- 2, IoT device

Power box, pole and accessories Sound Output – 6-80 db SMS based multi- lingual device Range 5 km diameter Used for warning at remote locations, villages,

out posts etc.


Lightning Capacity Building

Education

Awareness

Training

Dos and Don’ts


Capacity Building Education, Training and knowledge

sharing


Lightning :The 5 seconds Rule


Natural art Early Warning


Capacity Building - Awareness

Extensive Public Awareness programmes conducted ,specially for rural masses and school children

Safety measures against Lightning hazards being regularly broadcast through TV, Radio etc.

Nukkad natakconducted, IEC materials etc distributed among public


Prepared by Ms. Sangavi Kennedy, Intern, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai to CROPC May 2021

वज्रपात के दौरान सेल्फी नह ीें i

x

Lightning Resilient India Campaign2019-2021

Lightning Resilient India Campaign

If Trapped in Lightning, occupy couch position17/07/21 Lightning Resilient India Campaign 94

जब बबजी करें गजकनातब पकके छतके नीिे ह रहना

www.lightningsafeindia.comwww.cropc.in


http://www.lightningsafeindia.com/

Lightning Resilient India Campaign2019-2021Lightning Resilient India Campaign

वज्रपात सरुक्षित भारत अभभयान


Lightning Resilient India Campaign2019-2021Lightning Resilient India Campaign

वज्रपात सरुक्षित भारत अभभयान

ENSURE PROPER LIGHTNING ARRESTER AT HOME, SCHOOL , HOSPITALS , COMMUNITY CENTERS


Way Forward

• Reduce avoidable deaths due to lightning to zero• Pursue with Government to notify lightning as disaster• Launch National lightning Risk Management Programme• Impact based innovative Early warning to community up to last man • Ensure dissemination of EW to last mile• Conduct of Lightning Safety training programmes for community,

specially for vulnerable community like farmers, women, school children, cattle grazers, fishermen in rural, hills and tribal areas.

• Ensure Lightning risk audit as a culture• Install lightning protection device in maxium infrastructures, temples

etc.• Promotion to Innovation, research and development• Adopt Climate Change grass root level adaptation


Lightning Resilient India Programme


Thank YouCol Sanjay Srivastava

Convener, Lightning Resilient India Campaign 2019-2021

Email [email protected]

Mob 7631089049 or 7667860470

www.cropc.org17/07/21 Lightning Resilient India Campaign 100


http://www.cropc.org/

17/07/21 lightning resilient india campaign 1

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