1689 chapter 15, of repentance unto life and salvation
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SavingFaith &
Repentance
To Life &
SalvationTHE 1689 BAPTIST CONFESSIONCHAPTER 14 & 15
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14OutlineI. The source of saving faith
A. The personal agent involvedB. The instrumental means involved
II The acts of saving faithA. Embraces Bibles infallibility & excellency
B. Responds appropriately to everything inBible
C. Saving faith trusts in Christ alone forsalvation from sin
III. The distinctiveness of saving faithA The fact of its distinctiveness
1. The fact qualified2. The fact emphasized
B. The fruit of its distinctiveness
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14 - Faith DefinedQ90: What doth God require of
us, that we may escape his wrathand curse due to us for sin?
A: To escape the wrath and curse ofGod due to us for sin, God requireth
of us faith in Jesus Christ, repentance
unto life, with the diligent use of allthe outward means whereby Christ
communicateth to us the benefits of
redemption.
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14 - Faith DefinedQ91: What is faith in Jesus
Christ?
A: Faith in Jesus Christ is a saving
grace , whereby we receiveand rest upon him alone for
salvation, as he is offered to us
in the gospel.
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14 - Faith DefinedQ95: How is the Word made
effectual to salvation?
A: The Spirit of God maketh the
reading, but especially thepreaching of the Word, an
effectual means of convincing
and converting sinners, and ofbuilding them up in holiness and
comfort, through faith, unto
salvation.
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Conversion:2 Divine-Human Activities
Conversion defined:
Our willing response to the
gospel call, in which wesincerely repent of sins and
place our trust in Christ for
salvation
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Conversion:2 Divine-Human Activities
Repentance defined:
Turning from sin
Faith defined:
Turning to Jesus
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What Must I Do To Be Saved?
Repent?Acts 2:38; 3:19; 5:31; 11:18; 17:30
Therefore repent and return, so that
your sins may be wiped away
Believe?
8:12-13; 10:43; 11:17; 13:39; 16:31through His name everyone who
believes in Him receives forgiveness
of sins.
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Why arent both always mentioned?There is only one solution to this difficultythat is logically consistent and in line withthe biblical data. Though faith andrepentance are distinct graces, they are
so intimately connected that one neverexist without the other.
Repentance and faith are distinct. Some
might think, The solution is thatrepentance and faith are two differentnames for the same thing. They are
synonyms. [cont.]
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This would be a false conclusion forthe biblical data does not permit it.
Repentance and faith depict differentrealities
One [Greek word for repentance] means
a change of mind about God and sin.The other means a turning from sin toGod. Faith is a conviction of the truth and
a commitment to Christ, a closely relatedbut distinct thing. Repentance and faithare directed towards different objects
(Acts 20:21). [cont.]
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Repentance focuses onGod and his law.
Faith focuses on Christand his grace.Repentance and faithpossess different roles insalvationFaith highlights the gracethat works salvation.
Repentance highlightsthe change thatsalvation works.
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Both Intimately Connected
One cannot exist without the otherActs 20:21; 11:17-18; 17:30, 34
solemnly testifying to both Jews
and Greeks of repentancetoward God and faith in our LordJesus Christ.
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You cannot repentunless you believe.
You cannot believe
unless you repent.
All true faith isrepentant.
All true repentance is
believing.
Thus both are necessary
to be saved
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Which is prior, faith orrepentance? It is an
unnecessary question andthe insistence that one isprior to the other isfutile. There is no priority.The faith that is untosalvation is a penitent faithand the repentance that is
unto life is a believingrepentance. Repentance isadmirably defined in the
Shorter Catechism.
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Repentance DefinedQ92: What is repentance unto
life?
A: Repentance unto life is a
saving grace, whereby a sinner,out of a true sense of his sin, and
apprehension of the mercy of
God in Christ, doth, with grief andhatred of his sin, turn from it unto
God, with full purpose of, and
endeavour after, new obedience.
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Chapter 15 - Paragraph 1Some of the elect are converted
after their early years, having
lived in the naturala state for atime and served various evil
desires and pleasures. God
gives these repentance to life aspart of their effectual calling.1
a:without the Spirit
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15.1The Recipients [Riper]Titus 3:2-5 For we also once were
foolish ourselves, disobedient, deceived,enslaved to various lusts and pleasures,spending our life in malice and envy,
hateful, hating one another.
4
But whenthe kindness of God our Savior and Hislove for mankind appeared, 5 He savedus, not on the basis of deeds which we
have done in righteousness, butaccording to His mercy, by the washingof regeneration and renewing by the
Holy Spirit,
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Are only thoseconverted at riper years
given repentance?
The answer of the
Confession to thequestion raised above is
clearly No. Both
paragraphs 2 and 4 makeclear that all believers
repent and thus are given
repentance. [cont.]
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The Confession makes this out of adesire to distinguish repentance as a
crisis experience from repentance as anordinary grace. All believers are markedby ordinary grace, but not all believers will
know, or need to know, repentance as acrisis experience [i.e. Manasseh, Paul,Philippian jailer]I believe our Baptist forefathers had
several practical concerns in making thisdistinction. Chiefly, they wanted to makesure that no one could accuse them of
believing that all Christians [cont.]
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must have a crisis conversion likethat of the Philippian jailor. They were
saying, Though we insist emphatically onpersonal conversion, we understand thatthe experience of a child raised in a
Christian home may be quite differentfrom that of one who is converted withoutthe benefit of Christian nurture as a child.Both converts will experience repentance,
but both may not have a crisis conversionexperience. [cont]
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Do not doubt your salvation merelybecause you lack a crisis experience
like that of some respected brother or sisterin the Lord. Do not demand of others acertain type of conversion experience as a
necessary mark of true grace. Anemotional earthquake, radical, externalchanges in ones life-style, knowing theexact time of ones rebirth, an extended
work of conviction by the law, immediatesudden joyall of these may accompanyconversion, but none are necessary marks
of true repentance.
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Chapter 15 - Paragraph 2
There is no one who does good anddoes not sin.2 Even the best may fallinto great sins and offenses, through
the power and deceitfulness of thecorruption in them, along with thestrength of temptation. Therefore,
God has mercifully provided in thecovenant of grace that believerswho sin and fall will be renewed
through repentance to salvation.3
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15.2The Recipients [All]
There is no one who does good anddoes not sin
Eccl. 7:20 Indeed, there is not a
righteous man on earthwho continually does good and
who never sins.
Prov. 20:9 Who can say, I havecleansed my heart, I am purefrom my sin?
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15.2The Recipients [All]
Even the best may fall into greatsins and offenses, through the
power and deceitfulness of the
corruption in them, along with thestrength of temptation
2 Sam. 11:1-27 [King David]
Luke 22:54-62 [Peters Denial]
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15.2The Recipients [All]
Therefore, God has mercifullyprovided in the covenant of grace
that believers who sin and fall will
be renewed through repentance tosalvation.
1 John 1:9 If we confess our sins,
He is faithful and righteous toforgive us our sins and to cleanse
us from all unrighteousness.
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15.2The Recipients [All]
Luke 22:31-32 Simon, Simon,behold, Satan has demanded
permission to sift you like wheat;
but I have prayed for you, thatyour faith may not fail; and you,
when once you have turned
again, strengthen your brothers.
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15.2The Recipients [All]
Jer. 32:40 I will makean everlasting covenant with
them that I will not turn away from
them, to do them good; and Iwill put the fear of Me in their
hearts so that they will not turn
away from Me.
Ch t h 3
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Chapter 15 - Paragraph 3This saving repentance is a
gospel grace4 in which those whoare made aware by the Holy Spirit of
the many evils of their sin, by faith in
Christ humble themselves for it withgodly sorrow, hatred of it, and self-
loathing.5 They pray for pardon and
strength of grace and determine andendeavor by provisions from the Spirit
to live before God in a well-pleasing
way in everything.6
5 3 It N t
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5.3Its NatureThis saving repentance is a
gospel grace2 Tim. 2:14-15 with gentleness
correcting those who are in
opposition, if perhaps God maygrant them repentance leading
to the knowledge of the truth,
5 3 It N t
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5.3Its NatureActs 5:31 He is the one whom
God exalted to His right hand asa Prince and a Savior, to grant
repentance to Israel, and
forgiveness of sins.Acts 11:18 When they heard this,
they quieted down and glorified
God, saying, Well then, God hasgranted to the Gentiles also the
repentance that leadsto life.
5 3 Wh t i b i f t d?
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5.3What is being refuted?Lutherans are wont
[accustomed or in the habit] tostress the fact that repentance is
wrought by the law and
faith by the gospel. Itshould be borne in mind,
however, that the two
cannot be separated;they are simply
complementary parts of
the same process.- p. 487
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Rom. 2 3 But do you suppose this,O man, when you pass judgment
on those who practice such thingsand do the same yourself, that you will
escape the judgment of God? 4 Or do
you think lightly of the riches of Hiskindness and tolerance and patience,not knowing that the kindness of God
leads you to repentance?5
Butbecause of your stubbornness andunrepentant heart you are storing up
wrath for yourself in the day of wrath
5 3 It N t
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5.3Its Naturein which those who are made
aware by the Holy Spirit of the manyevils of their sin, by faith in Christ
humble themselves for it with godly
sorrow, hatred of it, and self-loathingEzek. 36:31 Then you will remember
your evil ways and your deeds that
were not good, and you will loatheyourselves in your own sight for your
iniquities and your abominations.
0
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2 Cor. 7 10 For the sorrow that isaccording to the will ofGod
produces a repentance without regret,leading to salvation, but the sorrow ofthe world produces death. 11 For behold
what earnestness this very thing, thisgodly sorrow, has produced in you:what vindication of yourselves, what
indignation, what fear, what longing,what zeal, what avenging of wrong! Ineverything you demonstrated
yourselves to be innocent in the matter.
5 3 G dl S
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5.3Godly SorrowPs. 51 1 Be gracious to me, O
God, according to Yourlovingkindness; According to the
greatness of Your compassion blot
out my transgressions. 2 Wash methoroughly from my iniquity
And cleanse me from my sin.
3 For I know my transgressions, Andmy sin is ever before me. 4 AgainstYou, You only, I have sinned And
done what is evil in Yoursight
5 3 G dl S
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5.3Godly SorrowLuke 15 17 But when he came to
his senses, he said, How many of myfathers hired men have more than
enough bread, but I am dying here
with hunger! 18 I will get up and go tomy father, and will say to him, Father,
I have sinned against heaven, and in
your sight;19 I am no longer worthy tobe called your son; make me as oneof your hired men.20 So he got up
and came to his father
5 3 W ldl S
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5.3Worldly SorrowMatt. 27 3 Then when Judas,
who had betrayed Him, saw thatHe had been condemned, he felt
remorse and returned the thirty
pieces of silver to the chief priestsand elders, 4 saying, I have sinned
by betraying innocent blood. But
they said, What is that to us?See to that yourself! 5 and he
went away and hanged himself.
5 3 It N t
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5.3Its NatureThey pray for pardon and
strength of grace and determineand endeavor by provisions from the
Spirit to live before God in a well-
pleasing way in everything.Ps. 119:128 Therefore I esteem right
all Yourprecepts concerning
everything, I hate every false way.
5 3 It N t
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5.3Its NatureProv. 28:13 He who conceals
his transgressions will not prosper,But he who confesses and forsakes
them will find compassion.
Ps. 119:59 I considered my waysAnd turned my feet to Your
testimonies.
Ps. 119:104 From Your preceptsI get understanding; Therefore I
hate every false way.
5 3 Its Nat re
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5.3Its NatureLuke 3:8 Therefore bear fruits in
keeping with repentance, and donot begin to say to yourselves, We
have Abraham for our father, for I
say to you that from these stonesGod is able to raise up children to
Abraham.
5 3 Its Nature
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5.3Its NatureActs 26:20 but kept declaring
both to those of Damascus first,and also at Jerusalem and then
throughout all the region of Judea,
and even to the Gentiles, that theyshould repent and turn to God,
performing deeds appropriate to
repentance.
5 3 Its Nature
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5.3Its Nature1 Thes. 1:9 For they themselves
report about us what kind of areception we had with you, and
how you turned to God from idols
to serve a living and true God,
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Chapter 15 - Paragraph 4Repentance must continue
throughout our lives, because ofthe body of death and its
activities. So it is everyones duty
to repent of each specific,known sin specifically.
Matt. 5:4 Blessed are thosewho mourn, for they shall becomforted.
5 4 Its Continuance
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5.4Its ContinuanceLuke 19:8 Zaccheus stopped and
said to the Lord, Behold, Lord, half ofmy possessions I will give to the poor,
and if I have defrauded anyone of
anything, I will give back four times asmuch.
1 Tim. 1:13 even though I was formerly
a blasphemer and a persecutor and aviolent aggressor. Yet I was shown
mercy because I acted ignorantly in
unbelief;
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Chapter 15 - Paragraph 5God has made full provision
through Christ in the covenant ofgrace to preserve believers in their
salvation. Thus, although there is no
sin so small that it is undeserving ofdamnation,8 yet there is no sin so
great that it will bring damnation on
those who repent.9 This makes theconstant preaching of repentance
necessary.
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5.5 Its ProvisionGod has made full provision
through Christ in the covenant ofgrace to preserve believers in theirsalvation. Thus, although there is no
sin so small that it is undeserving ofdamnation
Ps. 130:3 If You, LORD, should mark
iniquities, O Lord, who could stand?
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5.5 Its ProvisionPs. 143:2 And do not enter into
judgment with Your servant,For in Your sight no man living isrighteous.
Rom. 6:23 For the wages of sin is
death, but the free gift of Godis eternal life in Christ Jesus our
Lord.
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Chapter 15 - Paragraph 5yet there is no sin so great that
it will bring damnation on those whorepent.9 This makes the constantpreaching of repentance necessary.
Is. 55:7 Let the wicked forsake his
way And the unrighteous manhis thoughts; And let him return to
the LORD, And He will have
compassion on him, And to our
God, For He will abundantly pardon.
5 5 Its Provision
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5.5 Its ProvisionIs. 1:16-18 Wash yourselves,
make yourselves clean; Remove theevil of your deeds from My sight.
Cease to do evil, Learn to do good;
Seek justice, Reprove the ruthless,Defend the orphan, Plead for the
widow. Come now, and let us reason
together, Says the Lord, Though yoursins are as scarlet, They will be as
white as snow; Though they are red
like crimson, They will be like wool.
REPENTANCE t b bitt ill
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REPENTANCE seems to be a bitter pillto take, but it is to purge out the bad
humour of sin. By some Antinomian spirits itis cried down as a legal doctrine; but Christhimself preached it. From that time Jesusbegan to preach, and to say, Repent, &c.Matt iv IT In his last farewell, when he wasascending to heaven, he commanded thatRepentance should be preached in his
name. Luke xxiv 47. Repentance is a puregospel grace. The covenant of works wouldnot admit of repentance; it cursed all that
could not perform perfect and personal
obedience Gal iii 10
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obedience. Gal iii 10.
Repentance comes in by the
gospel; it is the fruit of Christspurchase that repentingsinners shall be saved. It iswrought by the ministry of thegospel, while it sets beforeour eyes Christ crucified. It isnot arbitrary, but necessary; there is no
being saved without it. Except ye repent,ye shall all likewise perish. Luke xiii 3. Wemay be thankful to God that he has left us