UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO

3 1822 02610 9413

ATLAS OFEUROPEAN HISTORY

'MMMMMMMMMMHOaMMMMaP

EARLE W. D OW

\/ 1UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. SAN DIEGO

3 1822 02610 9413

GtlSEL LIBRARYUNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO

LA JOLLA, CAUFORNIA

W4YN S. VUCINiCH

ATLAS

OF

EUROPEAN HISTORY

BY

EARLE W. DOWJUNIOR PROFESSOR OF HISTORY IN THE

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

NEW YORKHENRY HOLT AND COMPANY

1909

Copyright, 1907,

HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY

PREFACE

By planning the following maps, and preparing and indexing their matter, I havesought to meet the long-felt need of a small atlas of European history which should bein the English language, which should treat of the dijfferent peoples of Europe impartially,which should not obscure general views by too many details, and which should have aserviceable key to its contents. In this modest but laborious undertaking I have

relied mainly upon the larger atlasesmost of all the Droysen, the Kiepert, the Spruner.

Menke, the Spruner-Sieglin, from Germany; the Longnon, the Schrader, the Vidal-Lablache, from France; the Poole, from Great Britain. At the same time, I have gone

on innumerable points to original or special sources of information: documents, maps,

articles, and booksthough it would have been profitable to go to such sources yet more

than I have. Mistakes have no doubt been made; but I hope that they are of a kind

to be easily righted and that the lines and locations adopted may prove, with not too mantexceptions, sufficiently accurate for the didactic purposes in view. Gaps, also, are to be

seensome only too clearly. These, however, can be filled by inserting supplementary

maps here and there, as they may be especially demanded; and if the atlas is receivedfavorably, an effort will be made to supply, soon, at least the most needed pieces. I shall begreatly obliged to all who will tell me of desirable corrections, or suggest further sub-jects, or indicate where the index should be improved; for with such help the object ofthe work cannot but be better attained.

I am glad to express here my gratitude to those who have aided me thus far: especiallyProfessor A. L. Cross and Professor C. H. Van Tyne, for their counsel upon several ofthe plates; also Dr. F. B. Marsh and Messrs. O. F. Boucke, H. W. Clark, R. S. Crane,G. B. Denton, E. M. Gale, P. V. B. Jones, and A. M. Kline, for their part with theindexhad I applied to these and other friends oftener, my shortcomings were doubtlessfewer. I gladly acknowledge, too, that the work has been carried so far only through the

patient cooperation of those who have constructed and engraved the maps.E. W. D.

CONTENTSPLATE

1. The Ancient Eastern EmpiresBabylon and Eg>'pt.The Assyrian Empire.The Eastern Empires on the Eve of

the Persian Supremacy.The Persian Empire.

2. The Greek WorldAncient Greece.Greece in the Time of the Persian Wars.Greece in the Time of the Pelopon-

nesian War.2'. Greater Hellas and the Phoenicians in

the 7th to the 5th Century b.c.2'. Empire of Alexander the Great.

3. Rome in and beyond ItalyDevelopment of the Roman Empire.

3-. Ancient Italy.

4. Europe on the Eve of the InvasionsThe Roman Empire in the later Fourth

Century.

5. Invasions of Rome from the North:the New Germanic StatesPeoples and Kingdoms of the Westabout 476.

The New Kingdoms at the Death ofTheodoric (526).

The Lombards in Italy.The Dominions of Clovis dividedamong his Sons.

The Prankish Dominions about 629.

. Invasions from the South and East:Expansion of IslamEastern Roman Empire and Western

Asia on Eve of the MohammedanConquests.

Conquests of the Mohammedans tothe Accession of the Abbassids (750).

6'. Dismemberment of the Caliphate ofBagdad.

7. The Prankish EmpireEmpire of Charles the Great at its

Height.The Prankish Empire after the Treaty

of Verdun, 843.The Prankish Empire after 888.Treaty of Mersen, 870.Papal Acquisitions in the Eighth Cen-

tury.

8. Europe in the Tenth Century

PLATE

9. The CrusadesEurope in 11 go.Southeastern Europe and Asia Minor

after the Fourth Crusade9'. Evu-ope in 1096.9'. The Prankish States in Syria.

10. Medieval EnglandEngland under the Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms.

England after the Treaty of Chippen-ham, or of Wedmore, 878.

England and Wales at the End ofthe Thirteenth Century.

10'. Roman Britain,lo^ Ireland and Scotland in the later

Middle Ages.

Feudal and Capetian FrancePeudal France, showing the Principal

Fiefs about 1032.11^. France in 1 154.12*. France after the Treaty of Paris, 1259.

France in the Later Middle AgesFrance at the Beginning of the Hun-

dred Years' War.France after the Treaty of Bretigny.France in 1429.France at the End of the Fifteenth

Century.

Germany and Italy from the Tenth tothe Thirteenth CenturyGermany from the Tenth to the

Twelfth Century.Italy from the Tenth to the Twelfth

Century.Norman Conquests in South Italy.

13'. Germany and Italy in the Time of theHohenstaufen (i 138-1254).

11.

12.

13.

14.

16.

Germany in the Later Middle AgesGermany in the Fourteenth Century.Germany in the Fifteenth Century.The Sw^iss Confederation.

14^. The Teutonic Order and the HanseaticLeague at their Height.

Italy and Spain in the Later MiddleAgesNorthern Italy about the End of the

Thirteenth Century.Italy in the later Fifteenth Century.Spain in the later Middle Ages.

IV

CONTENTS

16. Expansion of Europe: the Great Dis-coveries

17. Europe in the Time of the Reforma-tionEurope in the Sixteenth Century.

18. Germany in the Sixteenth and Seven-teenth CenturiesGermany in the Time of the Reforma-

tion.

Germany at the Close of the ThirtyYears' War (1648).

Wettin Lands (1547).

19. Modem EnglandEngland and Wales since the Fifteenth

Century.Modem Ireland.Modem Scotland.Environs of London.

19*. England in the Puritan Revolution.

SO. France from the Reformation to theRevolutionFrance, 1515-1610.France, 1610-1789.France in Generalities and Intend-

ancies on the Eve of the Revolution.

M. Europe after the Peace of UtrechtEurope in 17 15, after the Treaties of

Utrecht, Rastatt and Baden.21*. Italy from 1714 to 1748.

22. Germany in the Eighteenth Century,with Growth of Brandenburg-PrussiaCentral and Western Germany in 1789.Brandenburg-Prussia to the End of

the Eighteenth Century.32*. Brandenburg-Prussia before Frederick

the Great.

28. Decline of Sweden, Poland, and Tur-key before Russians and GermansHeight and DecUne of Sweden.Partitions of Poland.Ottoman DecUne in the Seventeenth

Centviry.Ottoman Losses and Gains in the

Eighteenth Century.23*. Expansion of Russia,

24. Europe on the Eve of the FrenchRevolutionEurope in 1789.

25. The French RevolutionFrance in the Time of the Revolution.Italy in 1 798-1 799.

26. Europe imder NapoleonEurope in 18 10.Germany in 1803.Germany in 1806.

26*. Germany from the Peace of Tilsit(July, 1807) to the War with Austria(1809).

Italy in 1806.

27. Europe after the Settlements of 18 15

28. Formation of the Modem GermanEmpireThe German Confederation , 181 5-1 866.North German Confederation and theGerman Empire.

28*. Development of the German CustomsUnion (ZoUverein).

29. Italian Unity. The Eastern Questionsince the Eighteenth Century

Italy since 181 5.Principal Theater of the War of Inde-pendence.

Ottoman Empire from 1792 to 1878.European Turkey since the Treaty of

Berlin (1878).

30. Europe in Asia and AfricaGrowth of the British Empire of India.India in 1792.France in India in the Time of Du-

pleix.

Partition of Africa (to 1906).The Boer RepubUcs on the Eve of

their Suppression (1899).

31. Europe in the AmericasEurope in North America since the

Revolt of the Thirteen Colonies(1776).

Exclusion of Spain and Portugal fromSouth America.

82. Contemporary Europe

^

'U-'

THE GREEK WORLD

^

ROME ra ABD BEYOND ITALY

o

I

EUROPE OH THE EVE OF THE mVASIOBS

DIVASIOHS OF ROME FROM THE NORTH; TECE HEW GERMANIC STATES

mVASIOIfS FROM THE SOUTH AHD EAST: EXPANSION OF ISLAM

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THE PRANKISH EMPIRE

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101

MEDIEVAL ENGLANB

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, .\I.iiijf.,it E cBeaujolais, district 12 X vBeaulieu, in England 19 K fBeaulieu, in France 12 V vBeauly, river 10- K bBeaumaris 10 H cBeaunaont n D cBeaumont 11 E bBeaumont ii F cBeaumont, county 11 E bBeaune 11 F cBeauvais 20 E bBeauvais, county 11 E bBeauvais, seat of bishop 11 E bBee, monastery 11 D bBechuana Land British, part of

Cape Colony 30 J sBechuana Land, British pro-

tectorate 30 J sBeder, see Bedr 6 EcBedesis, river, mod, Ronco .... 3- D bBedford 10 M dBedford, shire, or county 10 M dBedlingtonshire, district 10 L aBedr 6 E cBeejapore, see Bijapore 30 B cBeer Alston 19 G fBeersheba 0" C eBeeskow i8 H bBeeston Castle ig' D dBehar province, sfp Bahar. .. .30 Q fBehistun, anc. BagistanaBeira 30 K rBeira, province 15 M eBeirut (or Beyrout) 8 GcBeja 15 N fBelbioa, island 2 D dBelem, see Pari 31 F c

Belemina a C dBelfast 19 B mBelfast Lough, lake 19 B mBelfort 20 G cBelgs, people, in Britain 10 B fBelgica I, II, provinces 4 C bBelgium, kingdom, /P cen/. .. .28 B cBelgium, kingdom, 20 cen/. . ..32 G dBelgrade (or Belgrad) 29 P eBelice, river 29 D fBelichas, river, see Balik i P gBelize 31 R pBellary 30 O hBelle Isle, island 20 B cBeUe Isle, strait 31 U 1Bellbme 11 D cBellime, seigniory 11 D cBelley 20 F dBelley, county 11 F dBelley, seat of bishop 11 F dBeUici, river, see Hypsas 3' D fBellinzona 14 E hBellovaci (or BeUovacis), Lat.

for BeauvaisBelluno 15 H jBelluno, seat of bishop 13 F eBelostok, sfc Bielostok 23 K bBelsk, see Bielsk 23 K bBelvoir Castle 19I F eBenacus, lake, mod. GardaBenafrum, Lat. for VenafroBenares 30 P fBen Cruachan, mountain 19 C jBender (or Bendery) 23 K eBenediktbeum, monastery .... 13 E eBenevento 13 N kBenevento, duchy 7 G eBenevento, principality, 10-12

cent 13 N kBenevento, Principality of, 15

cent 13 J mBenevento, principality, 1810. .26 C eBeneventum, mod. Benevento. 3 D bBeneventum (or Benevento),Lombard duchy, about 600 .

. 5 M gBengal, bay, or gulf 30 Q hBengal, province 30 2Benghazi (or Ben-Ghasi) 30 H 1Benguella 30 H rBeni, river 31 D dBenim 30 G oBenin, region 16 H dBen Lawers, mountain 19 C iBen Lomond, mountain 19 C iBenneckenstein 22 J hBen Nevis, mountain 19 C jBensington 10 E nBentheim 13 C bBentheim, county, IB cent 14 D bBentheim, county, 75 CCTil 22 B bBenue, river 30 G oBerar, province 30 O gBerar, Rajahs of, see BhonslayBerat 21 H dBerbera 30 L nBerchtesgaden (or Berchtols-

gaden) 18 G eBerchtesgaden, abbey 14 G eBerdichef 32Berea, or Veria 8 F bBerenice, on the Mediterranean 3 E cBerg, duchy, /5 cn? 14 D cBerg, duchy, 16 cent 18 DcBerg, duchy, 77 c

Billungs INDEX Breitenwaxig

Billungs, March of the 13 E bBilma 30 H nBincbe 20 F aBingen 13 C dBingium, Lat. for BingenBirkenfeld 28 C dBirmingham 19 K dBiron 20 D dBirten 13 C cBisanthe 2 J fBiscay, Bay of 32 F fBischofswerda 14 H cBiserta, see Bizerta 6 BbBishop Stortford 19 M eBishop's Castle 19 H dBishop's Lynn, see hjan 10 N dBiskra 30 G 1Bissagos, islands, just west of

Portuguese GuineaBissao (or Bissau) 30 E nBiterras, Lat. for BeziersBitervium, Lat. for ViterboBithynia, province 4 F bBithynia, region i UnBiths 6 F bBitolia, or Monastir 23 J fBittern loi C gBituriges (or Biturigis), Lai. for

BourgesBizerta 6 BbBjorn 26 D aBlackburn 19 J cBlack Forest, or Schwarz Wald,

forest 13 D dBlackheath 19 G aBlack Russia, region 232 C cBlack Volta, river 30 F oBlackwater, river 19 B nBlair Athol 19 C hBlanche Garde 9^ C eBlanchetache 12 Q hBlanco, cape, in North America 31 N mBlanco, cape, in Tunis 30 H 1Blanco, cape, in western Africa. 16 G cBlandford 10 K fBlankenburg, principality .... 22 DoBlanquefort 12 P 1Blantyre 30 K rBlavet, river 20 B cBlaye 12 P 1Bleiburg 18 H eBleichfeld 13 E dBleking, part of Sweden 23 C cBlenheim 21 G cBlesum, Lat. for BloisBletchingley 19 L eBloemfontein 30 J sBlois II D cBlois, county 11 D cBlore Heath 10 K dBludenz 14 E eBlue Nile, river 30 K nBobbio IS F kBober, river 13 G cBobium, Lat. for BobbioBoblingen 18 E dBobo-Dioulasso 30 F nBochetta, pass 25 K jBodele, region 30 H nBoden See, Ger, for Lake of

ConstanceBoderia .Sstuarium, inlet,

tee Bodotria .^stuarium .... loi B aBodmin 10 H fBodotria .lEstuarium, mod.

Firth of Forth lo' B aBceae 2 D eBoebeis, lake 2 C bBceotia, region 2 D cBoer Republics, on eve of their

suppression 30~ F fBogota 31 C bBohttaia, duchy, 10-12 cent.. .13 G dBohemia, duchy and kingdom,

IS cent 13^ D cBohemia, kingdom, H cent ... 14 J hBohemia, kingdom, 16 cent. ... 14 H dBohemia, kingdom, /6 ccTit. ... r8 H dBohemia, kingdom, i7 cent. .. . 18 G k

Bohemia, part of Austrian Em-pire 28

Bohemia, part of Frankish Em-pire 7II

Bohemians, or Czechs, people.. 7B5hmer Wald, forest 13Bohus (or Bohuslan), part ofSweden 23

Boii, people 3-Bois-le-Duc, Fr. for BoschBoius, mountain 2Bojador, cape 16Bokhara 16Bolan, pass 30Bolbe, lake 2Boli (lower map) 9BoUngbroke 10Bolingbroke Castle 19'BoUvar 31BoUvia (Upper Peru), state . . .31Bologna 15Bolsena, lake 15Bolton Abbey 19'Bolton Castle 19'Boma 30Bombay 30Bomisch-Brod 14Bon, cape 30Bona (or Bone) 17Bonaire, island 31Bonga 30Bonifacio iSBonn 18Bonna, Lat. for BonnBonniere 12Bonny 30Bononia, inod. Bologna 3Bononia, Lat. for BoulogneBoothia, gulf 31Boothia, region 31Bordeaux 20Bordeaux, generality 20Bordeaux, seat of archbishop ..11Borgo 18Borgoforte 29Borgo San Donnino ISBorgotaro 2SBorisof 232Borku, region 30Bormio 14Borneo, island 16Bornholm, island 23Bornhoved 13^Borodino 23*Boroughbridge 10Borsippa iBosch, or 's Hertogenbosch ... 18Bosco ISBosnia, part of Ottoman Em-

pire 23Bosnia, state 29Bosphorus (or Bosporus), strait.29Bosporus, Cimmerian, strait ... iBosporus, Thracian, mod. Bos-

phorus, strait 2Bosra 6Bossiney 19Boston, in England 19Boston, in United States 31Bostra 3Bosworth 10Bothnia, gulf 23Bothwell 19Botroun 9*Bottiaeis, district 2Bouchain 20Bouches du Rh6ne, department 2sBougie 17Bouillon IIBoulogne 11Boulogne, county, 11 cent irBoulogne, county, 16 cent 12Boulonnais, government 20Bourbon 11Bourbon, county, 11 cent 11Bourbon, dominions of house

of, late 16 cent 12Bourbon, duchy, 16 cent 12Bourbon, seigniory I2>

G d

G

Urema INDEX Byzantium

Brema, Lai. for BremenBremen 17 F cBremen, eccl. state, 16 cent.. . -14 bBremen, erd. state, i6 cti

Cabellio INDEX CarpentraB

Cftbellio (or Cabellione), Lat.for Cavaillon

Cabillonum (or Cabilonum),Lat. for Chalon-sur-Sa6ne

Cabinda 30Cabis, see Gabes 6Cabul 30Cabura, see Ortospana 2*Cachar, district 30Caconda 30Cadiz 15Cadurci (or Cadurcis), Lat. forCahors

Cadusians. people iCaen 20Caen, generality 20Casre 32Caerleon-on-tTsk lo*Caermarthen (or Carmarthen). lo'Caernarvon (or Carnarvon).

. . lo^Caerwent 10Caesaraugusta, mod. Saragossa . 3Cffisarea, in Cappadocia or AsiaMinor 3

Caesarea, in Mauretania orAfrica 3

Cffisarea, in Palestine or Syria. 3Caesarodunum, Lat. for ToursCssaromagus, Lat. for Beau-

vaisCafifa, see Kaffa 17Cagliari 15Cagliari, Judicature of 132Cahors 20Cahors, seat of bishop 11Caicos, islands 31Caicus, river 2Caieta, Lat. for GaetaCaino (or Cainone), Lat. for

ChinonCairo 8Cairo, Caliphate of (or of the

Fatimites) 9>Caistor 10Caistor St. Edmunds lo*Caithness, shire, or county .... 19Cajamarca 31Calabria, district, about 600 ... 5Calabria, district, 15 cent 15Calabria, region, 10-12 cent. . . 13Calabria, theme, 10 cent 8Caladunum, Lat. for Ch&lonsCalagurris, Lat. for CalahorraCalah ICalahorra 15Calais 20Calais, district 12Calatafimi 29Calatayud 15Calatrava 15Calauria, island 2Calcaria, later Tadcaster lo'Calcutta 30Caldicot 10Caledonia, country lo*Calenberg, duchy 18Calenberg, principahty 22Cales, Latin colony, in Cam-

pania, n.w. of Capua, mod.Calvi

Calgary 31Call 31Calicut 16California, gulf 31California, Lower, peninsula . .31Caliphate of Cordova, Saracen

state 8Caliphs, first four, conquests . . 6Callan lo^Callao 31CaUatis 4Calleva Atrebatum, mod. Sil-

chester lo'Callington 19Callinictun, see later Racca. ... 9^Calmar 23Calmucks, people, see Kal-mucks 23*

Calne 10Calpe, Phoenician colony 2'

H

Carpi INDEX Chemigof

Carpi 15 G kCarpi, people 3 E bCarrara 25 L jCarrhse 3 F cCarrick, on tbe Shannon 19 C pCarrick, on the Suir 19 D oCarrick, region lo* K dCarriclrfergus 19 B mCarsioli 32 D cCartagena 15 Q gCarteia, Phoenician colony ... . 2* A bCarthaa 2 E dCarthage, Phoenician colony . . 2' C bCarthaginiensis, province 4 B cCarthago, or Carthage 3 DoCarus, Lat. for Cher (river)Carystus 2 E dCasale 15 F kCascade Mountains 31 N mCaserta 13 JmCashel lo^ D dCashmere, or Kashmir, state ..30 O eCasos, island 2 J jCaspian Gates, pass 2^ E bCassano .13 O 1Cassel, in Flanders 20 E aCassel, in Germany 18 B cCassimbazar, ee Cossimbazar.30 SCastelfidardo 29 D cCastellammare, or Castellam-mare di Stabbia 25 N 1

Castellane 20 G eCastellum, Lat. for CasselCastellum Felicitatis, L^t. for

Citta di CastelloCastelnaudary ir D eCastiglione delle Stiviere 25 L jCastile, county 8 C bCastile, kingdom, 1096 9' C cCastile, kingdom, 1 190 9 B bCastile, kingdom, 15 cent 15 OCastile, New, province, IS cent. 15 O fCastile, New, region i6 C eCastile, Old, province, 75 ce7?

Cherso INDEX Condom

Cherso, seat of bishop 13 G fCherson 8 G bCherson, theme 8 GbChersonesus, promontory 2 E cChersonesus, Thracian, penin-

sula 2 J fChersonesus Cimbrica. region .3 C aChertsey 19 F aCherusci, people 3 C aChesapeake Bay 31 S nCheshire, see Chester 19 J cCheshme 23 K gChester 10 K cChester, or Cheshire, shire, or

county 19 J cChester and Flint, coimty pala-

tine 10 K cChesterfield 10 L cChesterfield Inlet 31 Q kCheviot Hills, mountains 10 K aChevreuse 20 E bCheyenne, Big, river 31 P mChiana, river, see Clanis 3^ D cChiari 21^ C bChiavari 15 F kChiavenna 14 EhChicago 31 R mChichagof, island 31 M 1Chichester 19 L fChichester, seat of bishop .... 10 M fChicksands Abbey 19 L dChico, river 31 C gChienti, river 15 H 1Chiese, river 29 F fChieti IS J 1Chieti, county 132 D eChihuahua 31 P oChildebert, kingdom of s AhChile, region 16 D fChili, captain-generalcy (note) 31 B hChili, state 31 C fChilkoot, pass 31 N 1ChiUianwaUa 30 N eChillon 14 B hChiloe, island 31 C gChilpancingo 31 pChimay 22 A cChimerium 2 A bChinalaph, river, mod. Sheliff

. . 4 CoChinde 30 K rChingii, river, see Xingii 31 E cChinon 20 M hChiny 14 G hChioggia 132 C dChios 2 J gChios, island 2 H gChippenham 10 E kChippenham, Treaty of 10Chipping Norton 10 L eChirbury, lordship 10 J dChirkland, lordship 10 J dChitral 30 N dCtitral, district 30 N dChittagong 30 R gChiusi 15 C cChivasso 15 A bChoaspes, river i WoChocim, see Chotin 23 L cChoiseul 20 F bCholet 25 C dChorasmians, people i X nChorin 14 G bChotin 23 L cChotusitz 22 L iChristchurch 10 L rChristiania (or Kristiania) .... 23 C cChristiansand (or Kristiansand)23 B cChristian States in Syria, see

Prankish States in Syria ... 9*Chrobatia, region 8 F aChrysopolis 2 K fChtiapa, river, see Tchuapa. ... 30 J PChubut, river 31 D EChuquisaca, or Charcas, see

Sucre 31 D ^Chur, Fr. Coire 25 K hChur, seat of bishop 7 F cChurch, States of, 8-9 cent 7VChurch, States of, 75-/5 cn/... 13* C d

Church, States of, 16 cent 15 H 1Church, States of. 16 cent 17 G eChurch, States of, 18 cent 21 G dChurch, States of, 19 cent 29 D cChurchill, river 31 P 1Chyl?math, river, see Shinalaph 3 C cCibola 16 B cCibyrrhaeoton (or Cibyrrhseo-

tarum), theme 8 F cCierium 2 C bCilicia I, II, provinces 4 F cCilicia, region i P gCilli 13 G eCilli, county 14 J jCimarus, promontory 2 G jCiminian Forest, in southern

Etruria north of SutriumCimirra i P gCimmerian Bosporus, strait ... 1 V nCimolos, island 2 E eCinaloa, see Sinaloa 31 P oCincinnati 31 R nCintra 26 A dCipango, island, see Japan .... 16 P cCircars, districts 30 P hCircei (or Circeii), mcd. San

Felice 3^ D dCircesium i V oCirencester 10 E nCirrha 2 C cCirrha, gulf, see Crissa 2 CoCirta 3 C cCisalpine Gaul, anc. Gallia Cis-

alpina, region 3^ C bCisalpine Republic 25 L jCiteaux ii^ E cCitium I C bCitta di Castello is H 1Ciudad BoUvar, see Bolivar ... 31 D bCiudad de los Reyes, or Lima . . 16 D eCiudad Real 15 P fCiudad Rodrigo 15 N eCius 2 K fCividale is H 3Civitate 13 N kCivitavecchia, or Civitk Vec-

chia 13 L jCivray 11 D dClackmannan, shire, orcounty.19 C hClairvaux, monastery 11 F cClanis, river, mod. Chiana .... 32 D cClare, island 19 C rClare, shire, or county 19 D qClarendon 10 L eClarus Mons, Lot. for Clermont-

FerrandClastidium 32 B bClaudiopolis 8 GbClausentum, later Bittern lo* C gClavenna, Lat. for ChiavennaClazomense 2 K 1Clear, cape 19 E qCleonae 2 C dClermont, in Argonne 20 F bClermont, or Clermont-Fer-

rand, in Auvergne 9^ D cClermont, in Beauvoisis 11 E bClermont, seat of bishop 11 E dClery ^. 20 M hCleves, Ger. Cleve (or Kleve) .18 C jCleves, duchy, IS cent 14 D cCleves, duchy, /e cen^ 18 D cCleves, duchy, /5 ceni 22 B cClew Bay 19 C qClifford 10 J dClisson fi C cClitheroe 19 J cCliton 2 C dClodomir, Kingdom of 5 B hClonmel 19 D oClotaire, Kingdom of 5 C gClovis, dominions of, dividedamong his sons (511) 5

Clugia, Lat. for ChioggiaClun, lordship 10 J dCluny t9 F cClusitun, nwd. Chiusi 3* C cClyde, Firth of (estuary) 19 D jClyde, river i9 I> i

II

Clyde, river 10' K dClydesdale, region 10' L dCnidus 2 KmCnosus (or Cnossus) i H kCoast Range, mountains 31 N nCoblenz (or Coblentz) 13 C cCoburg 28 E cCochabamba 31 D dCocherel 12 D bCochin 30 kCochin, state 30 jCockermouth 10 J bCoco Islands 30 R jCod, cape 31 T mCognac II C dCoigny 20 C bCoimbatore 30 B cCoimbra 15 M eCoire, Ger. Chur 18 E eColberg 18 HaColberg, seat of bishop 13 G aColchester 10 K eColchis, region i VnColdeTenda,8eTenda,pass. .25 J jColenso 30 G rColeraine 19 A nColesberg 30 F rColima 31 P PCoU, island lo* H cCollatia 3'^ C tCollioure n E fColmar 18 C kColnmrs 30 G dCologne 18 D eCologne, ecd. state, 16 cent. ... 14 D eCologne, eccl. state, 16 cent 18 D cCologne, fccL state, ii? ce7i

Conegliano INDEX Cyzicus

Conegliano 26* G bConfederation, German 28Confederation, North German.28Confederation of the Rhine,

state, at its formation 26 GConfederation of the Rhine,

states of 26> BConfluens, Lai. for MiinsterConfluentes (or Confluentia),

Lat. for CoblenzCongo, French, region 30 HoCongo, river 30 J oCongo State, or Congo Free

State, or Congo IndependentState 30 J p

Connaught, province 19 C qConnecticut, river 31 S mConstance 14 E eConstance, eccl. state 14 E eConstance, lake 14 E eConstance, seat of bishop .... 13 D eConstantia 8 G cConstantia, Lat. for Constanceand for Coutances

Constantine 8 D cConstantinople 4 E bConstanza, see Kustendje ... .23 K tConti 20 E bConversano 8 EbConway 10 J cConza 8 E bCoorg, province 30 O jCootch Behar, district, see

Cutch Behar 30 A cCopae 2 D cCopa^is, lake 2 D cCopenhagen 23 C cCiipenick 18 G bCophen, river 2^ G cCopiae, see Thurii 2' C bCopiapo 31 C eCoppermine, river 31 kCoptos 4 F dCoquimbo 16 D fCora 32 C gCorah 30 C bCorax, mountain 2 C cCorbeia, Lat. for CorbieCorbeil 11 E cCorbeil, county 11 E cCorbie, monastery 7 D cCorbie 32 C gCorbridge 19 J bCorcyra 2 F 1Corcyra, island 2 F 1Cordoba 31 D fCordova 15 O gCordova, caliphate 8 CoCordova, emirate 7 BeCordova, province 15 fCorduba, tnod. Cordova 3 BeCoreggio 15 G kCorentyn (or Corentyne), river.31 E bCorfe 10 F oCorfe Castle 19I D gCorfinium 3 DbCorfu, island 17 H fCorinium, or Durocornovium,

mnd. Cirencester lo* C fCorinth 2 C dCorinthia, region and isthmus. 2 C dCorinthian Gulf 2 C cCorioU 32 c gCorisco, bay 30 G oCoritavi, people lo* C dCork io2 c eCork, shire, or county ig E pCornavi, people loi B dCometo 13 L jCornouaille, county u B cCornwall, shire, or county ... ,10 H fCornwallis, island 31 QCorobilium, Lat. for CorbeilCoromandel Coast, region ... .30 P jCoron, see Koron 23 J gCorone 2 B eCoronea 2 C cCorpus Christi 31 Q Corrfeze, department. 25 D e

Corrfeze, river 25 D eCorrib, lough (or lake) 19 C qCorrientes 31 E eCorrientes, cape 31 P oCorse, cape 20 A aCorsica, government 20 A aCorsica, intendancy 20 Q fCorsica, island 8 D bCorsica, province 4 C bCorso, cape 29 B cCorte 20 A aCortenuova 132 B dCortona 15 G 1Cortoriacus (or Corturiacus),

Lat. for CourtraiCorumba 31 E dCoruna, or Corunna 15 M dCorvey 14 E cCorvey, monastery 13 D cCos, island 2 J hCosa 32 C cCosedia, Lat. for CoutancesCosenza 15 K nCslin (or Koslin) 18 J aCosne II E cCossacks of the Don, people . . . 232 E dCossacks of the Terek, people . . 232 E dCossacks of the Ural, people. . .232 F cCosseir, see Kosseir 30 KmCossimbazar 30 Q gCossium, Lat. for BazasCosta Rica, state 31 R pCostoboci, people 3 EbCote d'Or, department 25 F dC6tes du Nord, department. . . .25 BeCotini, people 3 DbCotrone 15 K nCottbus (or Kottbus) 18 HeCotyaeum 8 G cCouches 11 F dCoucy, seigniory 11 E bCoulommiers 12 WuCourcy n C cCourland, district 17 1 bCourland, duchy, part of Po-

land 23 K aCourtenay 11 E cCourtrai (or Courtray) 11 E bCouserans, county n D fCouserans, district 20 T kCoutances 20 C bCoutances, seat of bishop 11 C bCoutras 12 UwCoventry 19 K dCoventry, seat of bishop 10 L dCozumel, island 31 R oCrac des Chevaliers 92 jj ^Cracow 23 J cCracow, republic 27 K cCraike (Crayke) 10 L bCraike, district 10 L bCranii 2 A cCrannon 2 C bCraon 20 L hCrathis, river, mod. Crati 32 F eCrati, river 15 K nCravant 12 R kCrayke, see Craike 10 L bCT^cy 12 M nCrediton 10 F oCrema 15 F kCremera, river 32 B fCremisa, Lat. for KremsCremona 13 L hCrcpy 20 E bCressy, see Cr^cy 12 M nCreta, province 4 E cCretan Sea 2 H jCrete, island 17 I fCreuse, department 25 D eCreuse, river 20 D cCreusis 2 D cCricklade 10 E nCrimea, Khanate of 17 L dCrimea, part of Ottoman Em-

pire 23 E eCrimea, part of Russia 232 D dCrissa 2 C cCrissa, gulf, nuxf. Salona Bay. . 2 C c

Cristinestad (or Kristinestad) . . 23 bCriumetopon, promontory .... 2 G jCroatia, kingdom 9* E cCroatia, region, /O cent 8 E bCroatia, region, 16 cent 17 H eCroats, people 7 HdCrocodile, river, see Limpopo. .30 J sCromarty, shire, or cotmty. .. .19 A jCronstadt, sec Kronstadt 26 DaCropredy Bridge 19I E eCrossen (or Krossen) 18 H bCroton 3 D cCrotoy, le 12 L nCrowLand 10 D jCroydon ig G aCrusades 9Crusading States in Syria, see

Prankish States in Syria ... 9*Crustumerium 32 C ICtesiphon 3 G cCuanza, river 30 H rCuba, island 31 S oCubango, river 30 H rCuddalore O jCuenca, in Spain 15 P eCuenca, in South America ... .31 C cCularo, Lat. for GrenobleCuliacan 31 P oCulloden Moor 19 B iCulm, monastery 132 E bCuhn, on the Elbe 132 D bCulm, on the Vistula 22 N gCuhnbach 18 E jCulmerland, district 14 KbCulmerland, part of Branden-burg-Prussia 22 N e

Ctimse, see Cyme 2 JgCumans, or Polovzians, people .9 E bCumberland, river 31 R nCumberland, shire, or county. .10 J bCumbrian Mountains 10 B oCunaxa i V oCunene, river 30 H rCuneo 15 E kCunningham, region io2 K dCurasao, island 31 T pCures 32 D cCuria, mod. Chur (or Coire). . . 3 D bCurland, Ger. for CourlandCurtatone 29 F fCusentia, Lat. for CosenzaCustoms Union, German 28'Custoza 20 F fCiistrin (or Kiistrin) 18 H bCutch, gulf 30 M gCutch, or Kachh, state 30 M gCutch, Rann of, marsh 30 N gCutch Behar, district 30 A cCuthah, see Kutha i E bCuttack 30 C bCuxhaven 22 C bCuyabd 31 E dCuzco 31- C dCyamon, promontory 2 H jCyclades, islands 2 HhCydnus, river, mod. Tersus . . . 2* C bCydrara 2 K hCyllene 2 B cCyllene, mountain 2 C dCyme 2 J gCynoscephalae 3 E cCynoscephalas, heights 2 C bCynthus, island 2 E dCynuria, district 2 C dCyparissiae, gulf 2 B dCyprus, island 17 K fCyprus, kingdom 9 FcCyprus, province 4 F cCyprus, theme 8 G cCyrenaica, region i T oCyrene 3 E cCyropolis 1 Y oCyrus, river 22 D bCythera, island, mod. Cerigo . . 2 C eCytheron, mountain 2 DcCytinium 2 C cCytorus, Greek colony 2' E aCyveiliog, lordship 10 J dCyzicus (or Cyzicum) a J 1

Czechs INDEX Dortmund

Cxechs, or Bohemians, people. 7 G cCzenstocbowa 14 K cCzemowitz 33 L cCzersk 33 K c

Dacca 30 R KBachel, see Dakbla 30 J mDacia, Roman diocese 4 E bDacia Mediterranea, province .4 E bDacia Ripensis, province 4 E bDaghistan, region 23^ E dDago, island 17 I bDagobert I, dominions of, about

629 S G hDahomey, colony 30 G oDaibul, or Daybal 6^ J cDai-Nippon, see NipponDaks, people 2^ E bDakar 30 E nDakhla (or Dakhel) 30 J mDakota, river 31 mDal, river 23 D bDalami nzians, people 13 F cDalecariia, part of Sweden .... 23 C bDalkeith 19 D hDalkey 10* E cDalma ia, province 4 DbDalmatia, region 8 E bDalriada, kingdom 10' F kDaman (.or Damaun) 30 B bDamara Land, part of GermanS.W.Africa 30 H s

Damascus 6 E bDamdamusa i R gDamietta 29 K dDamm 18 G hDammartin 11 E bDammartin, county 11 E bDamnonii, people, see Dum-

nonii 10' A gDampi^rre 11 F cDamvillers 20 F bDanelaw, region 10 C jDanes, people, 4 cent 4 DaDanes, people, 6 cent 5 EDanes, people, 8-0 cent 7 FaDanish Mercia, region 10 D jDannenberg 18 F bDanube, river 17 G dDanzig 23 J bDaphne (or Daphnse) i KkDaphnus, river 2 B cDarbessac 9^ D bDardanelles, strait 29 J bDardania, province 4 E bDardanus 2 K kDar-es-Salaam 30 K pDar Fur, region 30 J nDargo 232 E dDaria 92 D dDarien, gulf 31 C bDariorigum, Lot. for VannesDarmstadt 18 E dDaron 9^ C eDartford 10 N eDartmouth 10 J fDarwar : 30 B cDascylium 2 K fDassel 132 B bDaunii, anc. people, in ApuliaDauphine, intendancy 20 V jDauphin^, province 12 F dDauphind, province and gov-ernment 20 F d

David, Fort Saint 30 F kDavis Strait 31 U kDawson 31 M kDax 20 C eDax, seat of bishop 7 C dDaybal, see Daibul 6^ J cDead Sea i D bDeal 10 O eDebreczen 27 K dDecelea 2 D cDeddington 10 L eDee, river, in England 19 H cDee, river, in Ireland 19 C nDee, river, in Scotland 19 B gDeganwy 10 J c

Dehra Ismail, see Dera Ismail.30 N eDeira, region 10 B nDelagoa Bay 30 K sDelaware, river 31 S mDelaware Bay 31 S nDelft 18 C bDelgado, cape 30 L rDelhi 30 BbDelium 2 D cDelmenhorst 22 C bDelos, island 2 JmDelphi 2 C cDelvino 23f J fDemetse, people 10* A fDemetrias 2 CDemmin 13 F bDemotika 23 K bDenain 21 E bDenbigh 10 J cDenbigh, shire, or county 19 HeDenderah (or Dendera), see

Tentyra I C cDendermonde 18 B jDenia 15 R fDenmark, kingdom, 10 cent. . . 8 E aDenmark, kingdom, 16 cent. . . 17 G bDenmark, kingdom, /5 ceni.. . .27 G bDenmark, kingdom, 20 cent. . . 32 HeDentelin, duchy 5 F gDeols II D dDiols, seigniory 11 D dDeorham 10 E oDeptford 19 G aDera Ismail 30 N eDerajat, district 30 N eDerbent (or Derbend)... 232 E dDerby 10 L dDerby, shire, or county 19 K cDerenburg 22 J hDerg, lough (or lake) 19 DpDerg, river 19 B oDerna 30 J 1Derrhis, promontory 3 D bDertona 3^ B bDertosa, mod. Tortosa 3 C bDerwent.river.inCimibeTland.io J bDerwent, river, in York 10 M cDeseado, river 31 D gDesenzano 29 F eDesert of et Tih 6 E cDesert, Syrian 6 E bDesna, river 23^ D cDessau 28 F cDetmold 13 D cDetroit 31 R mDettingen 22 H hDeulino 232 D cDeutsch-Brod 14 H dDeutsch-Krone 18 J bDeutz 13 C cDeux-Ponts, Fr. for Zwei-

briickenDeva, TOod. Chester 3 B aDeventer 18 D bDeveron, river 19 B gDevizes 10 L eDevon, shire, or county 19 H fDevonport 19 G fDewsland, lordship 10 G eDeux Nethes, department 25 F bDeux Sevres, department 25 C dDharwar, sec Darwar 30 B cDialas, river i WoDiarbekr, see Amida 3 GcDibio, Lat. for DijonDie 20 F dDie, seat of bishop 11 F eDiedenhofen, Fr. Thionville ... 13 C dDiepenow-Schanze 18 G gDiepholz 18 E bDiepholz, county 22 C bDieppe 20 D bDiete, mountain 2 H jDigne 20 G dDihong, river 30 R fDijon II F cDijon, generality 20 V hDillenburg 18 E cDinan 11 B c

3

Dinas, lordihip 10 J Dinawar 6 F bDindigal (or Dindigul) 30 B cDingle 19 D rDingle Bay 19 D rDingwall 19 B iDinia, Lat. for DigneDioceses, Roman 4Dioscurias 3 GbDirphys.mormtain 2 D eDirschau 18 J gDiscoveries, English, 16 cent. . . 16Discoveries, French, 16 cent. . . 16Discoveries, Portuguese, 14-16

cent l6Discoveries, Spanish, 16-16

cent 16Disentis 14 D bDisentis (or Dissentis), monas-

tery 13 D eDitmarsh, district 16 aDiu 16 L cDiu, island 30 N gDium 2 C aDivodurum, Lat. for MetzDivione, Lat. for DijonDivona, Lat. for CahorsDixmude (or Dixmuyde), orDixmuiden 18 B c

Djennaba 6 G cDjezira, or Mesopotamia, re-

gion 6 F bDjibal, or Kurdistan, region. . . 6 F bDjilan, region 6 F bDjurdjan, region 6 G bDoberan, monastery 13* C bDobrudja (Dobrudscha), or

Dobritch, region 17 J eDobrzyn (or Dobrschin) 23 J bDobuni, people 10' B tDoce, river 31 F dDodona 2 A bDoffingen 14 H hDol 20 C bDol, seat of archbishop 11 C cD61e 20 F cDolgelly 19 H dDolopia, district 3 B bDomfront 11 C CDominica, island 31 T pDominican Republic, or SantoDomingo 31 S p

Dominion of Canada, confed-eration 31 P 1

Domitz 18 EhDomremy 12 S JDon, river, in England 19 K cDon, river, in Scotland 19 B hDonauwi'irth 18 F dDoncaster 10 L cDondo 30 H pDonegal 19 B pDonegal, bay 19 B pDonegal, shire, or county 19 B pDonetz, river 23* D dDonges 11 B cDongola, Old and New 30 K nDonnington Castle 19' E fDonzy 11 E cDoomik (or Dcornick), Fl. for

Tourr.aiDora Baltea, river 15 E kDorchester, in Dorset 10 K fDorchester, on the Thames ... 10 EnDordogne, department 25 D eDordogne, river 20 D dDordrecht 18 C cDorian States 2 A eDoris, region 2 C eDoriscus 2 H rDornoch io KbDornoch Firth, inlet 19 B hDomonia, L

Dorylaeum INDEX Elector Archchancellor

Dorylum 3 F cDouai 20 E aDoubs, department 25 G dDoubs, river 20 F cDouglas 17 D bDourdan 20 bDouro, river 15 M eDover 10 O eDown, shire, or county 19 B nDownpatrick 19 B mDownton 10 L eDraguignan 20 G eDraheim 22I D cDraheim, in Pomerania 22 M gDrakensberg, mountains 30 J 8Drangiana, region 1 X oDrapsaca 2^ F bDrave, river, anc. Dravus .... 7 HeDrenthe (or Drente), province. 18 D bDrepanon, promontory 2 H jDrepaniun 3 D cDresden 18 G cDreuz " D cDreuT, county 12 V uDriesen 18 G hDrilo, river, mod. Drin 4 E bDrin, river 4 EbDrina, river 23 B fDrogheda 19 C nDrogovitches, people 9 E aDroitwich 10 K dDrome, department 25 F eDrome, river 25 F eDrontheim, district, see Trond-hjem 23 C b

Druentia, Lat for Durance(river)

Drumclog 19 D iDruna, Lat. for Dr6me (river)Duala 30 G oDuben 18 F jDubienka 23 L cDubis, Lat. for Doubs (river)Dublin 19 C nDublin, shire, or county 19 C nDuderstadt 13 E cDudley 10 K dDuero, river, see Douro 15 MeDuesme 11 F cDuffryn ClvTyd, lordship 10 J cDuisburg 13 C cDulcigno 23 H fDximbarton 19 D iDumbarton, shire, or county. .: 19 C iDumfries 19 D hDumfries, shire, or cotmty .... 19 D hDumnonii, people 10' A gDun II E dDuna, river 23 L aDiinaburg 23 L bDunbar 19 D gDunblane lo^ L cDundalk 19 B nDundalk, bay 19 C nDundee 19 C hDunfermline 19 C hDungatmon 19 B nDungarvan 19 D oDungeness, cape 19 M fDunkeld lo^ L cDunkirk 18 A jDunse Law, mountain 19I D bDunstable 19 L eDunstanborough 10 L aDunster 19' C fDunum, Ixit. for Ch&teaudunDunwich 10 O dDuppel 28 D aDupplin io2 L cDurance, river 20 F eDurango 31 P oDuranius, Lat. for Dordogne

(river)Duras 20 D dDurazzo 23 B fDurban 30 K sDurham 19 K bDurham (bishopric). Palatinate

of 10 L b

Durham, seat of bishop 10 LbDurham, shire, or county 19 K bDuria Major, river, mod. Dora

Baltea 3' A bDur Ilu I R gDur Kurigalzu i E bDurlach 18 E dDiimkrut 14 K hDurnovaria, mod. Dorchester. . 10' B gDurocasses, Lai. for DreuxDurocatalaunum, Lat. for Ch&-

lons-siu--MarneDurocomovium, or Coriniiun,

mod. Cirencester lo^ C fDurocortorum, mod. Reims ... 3 C bDurotriges, people lo' B gDurovernum, mod. Canterbury io> D fDiurenstein, castle 13^ D cDur Sharrukin i R gDurstede 711Dusseldorf 18 D cDvina (or Dwina), river 23^ E bDwina, Northern, river, see

DvinaDwina, Southern, or Western,

river, see Duna 23 L aDyea 31 M 1Dyfed, kingdom, see Dyved ... 10 E pDyle, department 25 F bDyle, river 25 F bDyme 2 B cDyrrachium, mod. Durazzo ... 4 D bDyrrhachium, theme 8 E bDyved (or Dyfed), kingdom .. .10 E p

Earn, river 19 C hEast, Prefecture of 4 B dEast, Roman diocese 4 F cEast Africa, British territory. . .30 K oEast Africa, German protecto-

rate 30 K pEast Africa, Portuguese posses-

sion 30 K rEast Africa Protectorate, east-

ern part of British East AfricaEast Anglia, kingdom 10 DmEastern Empires, Ancient .... 1Eastern Empires, on eve of

Persian supremacy iEastern Question, since 18 cent. 29Eastern Roman Empire, or

Byzantine Empire, 7 cent. ... 6 D bEastern Roman Empire, 5 ceT!

Elephanta INDEX Farfa

Elephanta, island, betweenBombay and mainland 30 R fa

Elephantine, island, mod. Geze-ret-Assuan I C d

Eletz, see Yeletz 23* D cEleurus 18 B jEleusis 2 D cEl Fasher 30 J nEl Ferrol 26 A cEl-Gibal (or Gibal), region, see

Kurdistan 29 M cElgin 19 B hElgin, shire, or county 19 B hEl Golea 30 G 1El Hasa, region 6 F cEUm 9^ C fElimea, district 2 B aElis 2 B dElis, region 2 B dElk, river, sec Athabasca 31 1Ellasar, see Larsam i FbEUesmere Land 31 REllwangen 18 F dElmham 10 DmElne, seat of bishop 7 DdEl Obeid 30 JnEl Orda (Ordeh), see Dongola

(New) 30 K nElosa, Lot. for EauzeEl Pardo 2i DdEl Paso 31 P nElsass, Ger. for AlsaceElsfleth 18 D hElster, river 13 F cElten 22 G hElusa, TOorf. Eauze 4 B bElvael, lordship 10 J dElvas 26 A dEly, Isle of, franchise district. .10 N dEly, seat of bishop 10 N dEmba, river 232 F dEmbden, see Emden 18 D bEmbrun 20 G dEmbrun, seat of archbishop. . . 7 EdEmden 18 D bEmerita Augusta, mod. Merida. 3 B cEmesa, or Hems, or Eims, orHoms. 8 Gc

Emilia, region 29 C bEmmerich 18 D cEmonaj mod. Laybach 3 D bEmpire, Byzantine, see EasternRoman Empire

Empire, Carolingian 7Empire, Eastern Roman, see

Eastern Roman EmpireEmpire, Prankish 7Empire, German-Roman, seeWestern Roman Empire

Empire, Holy Roman, see West-ern Roman Empire

Empire, Western Roman 8 D bEmporiae 3 C bEms, river 13 C bEngelberg 14 D hEngelberg, monastery 13 D eEngland, after 878 10England, Medieval . / 10England, Modem 19Englefield 10 E jEnglish Channel 10 K fEnglish Mercia, region 10 D kEnglish Pale, in Ireland lo* E cEnipeus, river 2 C bEnkhuizen 14* C cEnna, or Castrogiovanni 13* D fEnneahodoi.seeAmphipolis .. . 2 G fEnnis 19 D qEnniscorthy 19 D nEnns 18 H dEnns, river 13 F eEnos, anc. ^nus 23 K fEnsisheim 14 D eEntre Minho e Douro, province. IS M eEordea, district 31 B aEperies 23 K cEpemay 11 E bEpemon ii D cEp'iesus 2 Jh

Ephthalites, or White Huns.people 6 O g

Ephyra 2 A bEpidamnus, or Dyrrachium. . . 3 D bEpidaurus 2 D dEpidaurus Limera 2 D eEpinal 20 G bEpinal, monastery 13 C dEpirus.despotate. (lower map) 9 B bEpirus, region 2 A bEpirus, New (Nova) and Old

(Vetus), provinces 4 EbcEporedia, wod. Ivrea 3* A bEpsom 19 G bEptemacus, Lot. for Echter-nach

Epworth 19 L cErbach 22 C dErcte (or Eircte), mountain,

see Heircte 3^ J) eErech, see Uruk i F bEresburg, fortress 13 D cEretria 2 D cEretum 3^ C fErfurt 18 F cErfurt, principality 26 C bEricht, lake 19 C iEridanus or Padus, river, mod.Po 2 B a

Eridu, mod. Abu Shahrein orNowawis I F b

Erie, lake 31 R mEritrea, Italian colony 30 K nErivan 23* E dErlangen 28 Q kErlau 17 I dErmine (or Erming) Street,

road 10* C eErmland (or Ermeland), dis-

trict 14 L aErmland, part of Brandenburg-

Prussia 22 O fErmland, part of Poland 23 KbErne, lough (or lake) 19 B oErne, Upper, lough (or lake). .19 BoEmstine Saxony, after Wit-

tenberg Capitulation 18 J 1Erpisfurt, Lat. for ErfurtErris Head, cape 19 B rErstein, fortress 13 C dErymanthus, moimtain 2 B dErymanthus, river 2 B dErythra 2 J gErythraean Sea 1 X pEryx, mountain 3^ D eEryx, Phoenician colony 2' C bErzerum 8 H cEscaut, department 25 E bEscaut, river, see Scheldt 20 FaEschwege 13 D cEscorial 17 D eEsher 19 F aEshmun, or Ashmunein, see

anc. Hermopolis i C cEsino, river 29 D cEsk, river 19 D hEsk, North, river 19 C gEsk, South, river 19 C gEsla, river 15 dEsna (or Esneh) ..." 30 KmEspanola, island, see Hayti ... 16 D dEspinosa 26 A cEspirito Santo 31 F eEsseg 17 H dEssen 28 O jEssequibo, river 31 E bEssex, kingdom .10 EmEssex, shire, or covmty 19 M eEsslingen 18 E dEste 15 C bEsthonia, region 17 I bEsthonians, or Tchuds, people .8 FaEstremadura, province, in Cas-

tile 15 N rEstremadura, province in Por-

tugal 15 M fEsztergom 8 E bEvora 15 M fEtampes 30 b

5

Etanah 30 O fStaples 20 M fEtawah 30 O fEthiopia, region i U pEtive, lake 19 C jEtaa, mountain 29 E fEton 19 L eEtropol 29 fEtruria, kingdom, 1806 26' F jEtniria, region 32 C cEtrusci, or Tyrrheni, ant. peo-

ple, see EtruriaEttenheim 22 B dEtTih, desert 6 E cEtymander, river i X oEu II D bEu, county 11 cent H D bEu, county, IS cent 14 AdEuboea (or Euboia), island,

mod. Negropont 2 D cEucarpia 4 F cEuenus, river 2 B cEugenia, point 16 B cEugubium, Lat. for GubbioEupatoria 23 L eEuphratensis province 4 F cEuphrates i R gEure, department 25 D cEure, river 20 D bEure et Loire, department ... .25 D cEuripos, or Chalcis 23 J gEuropa, province 4 E b-Europe, on the eve of the in-

vasions 4Europe, in 10 cent 8Europe, in 1096 9IEurope, in 1190 9Europe, 16 cent 17Europe, in 1715 21Europe, in 1789 24Europe, in 1810 26Europe, after 1815 27Europe, in SO cent 32Europe in Asia and Africa . .. .30Europe in the Americas 31European Turkey, since 1878 .29Europus, river 2 C bEurotas, river 2 C eEurymedon, river 2 LhEurytanes, people 2 B cEutin 18 F aEvesham 10 L dEvora 27 D fEvreux 20 D fcEvreux, county 11 D bEvreux, seat of bishop 11 D bExarchate, district, about 600 . 5 K hExarchate, district, 8-9 cent. . . 7 G dExe, river 10 J fExeter 19 H fExeter, seat of bishop 10 J fEzilles 20 G dExmes 11 D cEye 10 O dEylau 26 D bEymet 12 Q I

Faddiley 10 C oFaeroe, islands, see Faroe ... .16 G aFaenza 15 G kFsesulae, mod. Fiesole 3- C cFaid 6 F cFaiyum, district i B cFalaise 12 V uFalerii 32 D cFalkirk 19 CbFalkland Islands 31 E hFalkoping 14' D aFalmouth 19 F fFalster, island 28 F aFalsterbo 14^ D bFalun 17 H aFamagusta 9 F cFano 15 H IFanum, or Fantun Fortunae,

mod. Fano 3* D cFarafra 30 J mFareham 10 L fFarfa, monastery 7 G d

farghana INDEX French Somali Land

Farghana, region 6 H aFarma 6 E bFarnbam 19 L eFaro 15 N gFaroe (or Faeroe) Islands 16 G aFaroe (or Faeroe) Islands,

Danish colony 32Fars, region 6GbFarukhabad 30 O fFasa 6 G cFashoda 30 K oFatimids, or Fatimites, domin-

ions of 6^ beFatimids. or Fatimites, Empire

of. 10 cent 8 cFatimites, Caliphate of (or of

Cairo), 1096 9' F dFaventia, Lat. for Fae^?aFaversham lo N cFayum 30 KmFecamp 20 D bFecamp, monastery n D bFehmarn, island 28 E aFehrbellin 18 F hFeldkirch 14 E eFeltre 15 G jFeltria, Lat. for FeltreFemern, island, see Fehmarn . .28 E aFenestrelles 20 G dFenouillet 11 E fFens, region 10 D nFeodosia, see Kaffa 17 L eFerdi, Lat. for VerdenFtre, la 11 E bFerentino 13^ C eFerghana, region, se Farghana 6 H aFermanagh, shire, or county. .. 19 B oFermo 15 H 1Fermo, march 13 M jFernando Po, or Fernam do

Po, island 30 G oFerozeshah .30 N eFerrara IS G kFerrara, duchy 15 G kFerraria, Lat. for FerraraFerry Bridge 10 L cFerte, la 11 D cFerte-Bernard, la 11 D cFethard lo^ D dFeurs 11 F dFez 30 F 1Fez, Sultanate of 17 D gFezensac, county ri D eFezzan, region 30 H mFidenae 3= C fField of Blackbirds, gee Kosso-

vopolje 17 I eField of Lies 7 E cFiesole 15 G 1Fife, shire, or county 19 C hFigig 30 F 1Figueras 26 B cFinale 21^ B bFindhorn, river 19 B iFinist^re, department 25 B cFinisterre, cape 15 M dFinland, gulf 23 F cFinland, part of Russia 27 KbFinland, part of Sweden 23 F bFinn, river 19 B oFinns, people 8 GFinsbury 19 G aFirenze, !t. for Florence

.

Firmum, mod. Fermo 3^ D cFirth of Clyde, estuary 19 D iFirth of Forth, inlet 19 C gFirth of Lorn, channel 19 C jFirth of Tay, estuary lo^ M cFiscannum, Laf. for FecampFitzgeralds, clan lo^ B dFitz-James 20 E bFiumefreddo 25 N mFivizzano 25 L jFirtuinum, Lnt. for MeauxFlamborough Head, cape 10 M bFlaminia, province 4 DbFlanders, county, 10 cent 8 DaFlanders, county, 11 cent 11 E bFlanders coxintf, IS cent ii^ D a

Flanders, county, IS cent la* D aFlanders, cotintj, 14 cent xa E aFlanders, county, 16 cent 12 W tFlanders, county, /fi ceni 18 B cFlanders, province 20 E aFlanders and Artois, inten-dancy 20 U f

Flatow . 18 H hFlavia Caesariensis, province. . . 4 B aFl^che, la 20 C cFlensburg 18 E aFleurus 25 F bFleury 20 E eFlint 10 J cFlint, dependency of County

Palatine of Chester 10 J cFlint, river 31 R nFlint, or Flintshire, shire, orcounty 19 H c

Flochberg, castle 13* C cFlodden 19 J aFlodden Field, just 8. w. of

FloddenFlorence 13 L jFlorence, Republic of 15 G 1Florentia, mod. Florence 3^ C cFloriacus, Lat. for FleuryFlorida, region .. 31 R oFlushing, or Vlissingen 25 E bFoggia 15 J mFoix 30 D eFoix, county, // cent 11 D fFoix, county, IS cent 12' C eFoix, county, 14 cent 12 D eFoix, province and government.20 D eFoix, seat of bishop 11 D fFokshani 23 K eFoligno 15 H 1Folkestone 10 O eFontainebleau 20 N gFontenay 11 C dFontenoy 7 D cFontevrault 20 D cFontevrault, monastery 11 C eForcalquier 20 F eForcheim 7 F cFordwich 10 O eForest Cantons, Three 14 D hForest of the Weald, see An-

dredeswcald 10 E nFor^ts, department 25 F cForez, county, 11 cent 11 F dForez, county, 13 cent 12' E dForez, county, I4 cent 12 F dForez, county, IS cent 12 X wForfar, shire, or county 19 C gForli 15 G kForlimpopoli 15 D bFormby Point, cape 19 H cFormentura, island 15 R fFormio, river 3^ E bForres 19 B hFort Albany 31 R 1Fort Chippewyan 31 O IFort Churchill 31 1Fort de Joux 25 G dFort Dorothea (note) 22 O jFort Garry, .s'-c Winnipeg 31 OmFort Good Hope 31 N kFort Grahame 31 N 1Forth, Firth of, inlet 19 C gForth, river 19 C iFort Jameson 30 K rFort Lamy 30 H nFort Liard 31 N kFort Nelson 31 N 1Fort Norman 31 N kFortore, river 13 R nFort Reliance, on Great SlaveLake 31 P k

Fort Reliance, on the Yukon.. .31 M kFort Resolution 31 O kFort Saint David 30 F kFort Saint George, see Madras. 30 P jFort Severn 31 R 1Fort Simpson 31 N kFort Verminion . . 31 O 1Fort William, in India 30 C bFort William, in Scotland 19 C j

lb

Fort Wrangel 31 M IFort Wrigley 31 N kFort Yukon 31 L kForum Julii, mod. Cividale ... . 5 J hForum Julii, Lat. for Fr^jusForum Livii, Lat. for ForliForum Popiiii, Lat. for Forlim-

popoliFosse Way, road loi C eFotheringay 19 L dFougirts II C cFountains Abbey, monastery ..10 L bFourmigny 12 P iFowey 10 H fFox Channel .31 R kFoyle, lough (or lake) 19 A oFoyle, river 19 B oFramlingham 19 K dFrance, duchy 8 D bFrance, kingdom, later iO cent. 8 D bFrance, in 1154 11*France, in 1259 la*France, in 1328 12France, in 1360 laFrance, in 1429 laFrance, in later 15 cent laFrance, 1515-1610 20France, 1610-1789 20France, 1 790-1 795 aSFrance, in 1810 26 B cFrance, SO cent.

.^ 32 G eFrance, in generalities and in-

tendancies. ... 20France in India, in 1741-1753.30 F JFrance, New, region 16 D bFrance, part of Frankish Em-

pire 7 E bFrancepett 30 F Jtranceville 30 H pFranche Comt^, or Free County

of Burgundy 18 C eFranche Comte, intendancy. ,20 V hFranche Comte, province andgovernment 20 F c

Franconia, duchies 13 DE cdFranconia, region, IS cent 13^ B cFranconia, Rhenish, see western

div. of Franconia 13 D dFranconofurt, Lat. for Frank-

fort

Frankenhausen 18 F cFrankenthal 18 D kFrankfort 18 E cFrankish Empire, or Carolin-

gian Empire 7Frankish States in Syria 9*Franks, dominions of, under

Dagobert, about 629 S G liFranks, kingdoms of, later 6

cent 5 CFranks, kingdoms of, in 526 . . 5 LaFranks, Ripuarian, people ... . 4 C aFranks, Salian, people 4 C aEraser, river 31 N iFrauenburg 18 K aFraxinetum, or Garde-Frainet. . 7 E dFredericia 28 P gFrederiksnagar, sfe Serampore . 30 EFredrikshald 23 C cFredrikshamn 23 F bFree County of Burgundy .... 18 C eFreetown 30 E oFregeUae 3* D dFregenae 3^ B fFreiberg 18 G cFreiburg, in Breisgau 18 C 1Freiburg, in Switzerland, see

Fribourg 14 C hFreising 18 F dFreising, eccL state, 16 cent.. . .18 F dFreising, eccL state, 18 cent. ... 22 D dFreising, seat of bishop 13 EdFrejus 20 G eFremington 19 G eFrench Congo, region 30 HoFrench Guinea, colony 30 E nFrench Republic, SO cent 3a G eFrench Somali Land, or Somali

Coast, protectorate 30 L n

Frentani INDEX Girgenti

Frentani, people 3* E cFrento, river, mod. Fortore .. . 3* E dFreteval 11 D cFrevent 12 R hFreysing, see FreisingFribourg, Ger. Freiburg, in

Switzerland 14 C hFribourg, Swiss canton 14 C hFrick Valley, Ger. Frick Thai,

district 14 D gFriedberg 22 C cFriedland 26 D bFriesach 13 G eFriesland, district, 14 cent 14 G gFriesland, lordship, J6 cent. ... 14 C bFriesland, lordship, 16 cent. ... 18 C bFriesland, part of FrankishEmpire 7 E b

Friesland, region, 10-12 cent. . . 13 B bFriesland, East, county 14 D bFrio, cape, in Africa 30 H rFrio, cape, in South America. . .31 F eFrisians, people 4 C aFrisii, or Frisians, people 3 C aFrisinga, Lat. for FreisingFritzlar 13 D cFritzlar, seat of bishop 7 F bFriuli 8 E bFriuli, district 13 F eFrohse, fortified place 13 E cFrome 10 E oFronsac 20 C dFronsac, viscounty 11 C eFrontiacus, Lat. for FronsacFucino, lake, see Fucinus 32 D dFucinus, lake, mod. Fucino . . . 32 D dFuentes de Onoro 26 A cFulda 18 E cFulda., eccl. state, 15 cent 14 E cFulda, eccl. state, 16 cent 18 E cFulda, eccl. state, 18 cent 22 C cFulda, monastery 7 F bFulda, river 13 D cFulford 10 LFulginium, Lat. for Foligno. . . 3' D cFulham 19 G aFiJnen, island 28 E aFiinfkirchen 23 H eFurnes 20 E aFurness Abbey 19 H bFurrukabad, see Farukhabad. .30 OfFiirstenberg, principality 22 C eFiirth 18 E kFurther Pomerania, region. ... 18 G hFiissen 18 F e

Gabales (or Gabalis), Lat. forJavols

Gabardan, viscounty 11 C eGabaret 11 D sGabellum 7VGabes 6 C bGabii 32 c fGabun, river 30 G oGades, mod. Cadiz 3 B cGaeta 13 M kGaikwar, state, sec Guicowar . .30 B bGainsborough I9> F dGalapagos Islands 16 C eGalatia I, II, provinces 4 F cGalatz 23 K eGalera 15 p gGalich 232 E cGalicia, part of Poland 23 L cGalicia, province in Spain 15 M dGalicia, Western, part of Po-

land 23 K cGalicia and Lodomeria, part of

Austrian Empire 27 K dGallaecia, province 4 B bGallia Cisalpina, region, see

Cisalpine Gaul 3- C bGallia Cispadana, region 3- C bGallia fTransalpina), region .. . 3^ A bGallia Transpadana, region ... 3^ B bGallicia, see GaliciaGallinas, point 31 C aGallipoli, in Italy 15 KmGalliooli, on the Dardanelles.

. .23 K f

Gahoway, region 10 A 1Gallur, Judicature of 13' B efGaltelli 15 F mGalveston 31 Q oGalway 19 C qGalway, bay 19 C qGalway, shire, or county 19 C pGambia, British colony 30 EnGambia, river 30 E nGampylus, river 2 B bGams 14 E gGand, see Ghent 18 BeGandamak 30 M eGandavum, Lat. for Gand (or

Ghent)Gandersheim, monastery 13 D cGando 30 G nGanges, river 16 M cGangra 3 F bGanjam 30 Q hGannat 20 E cGanos 2 K kGap 20 G dGaphyae 2 C dGareimantes, people 3 DdGard, department 25 F eGard, river 25 F fGarda 13 E fGarda, lake 15 G kGarde-Frainet, or Fraxinetum .7 EdGarganus, mountain, mod. Gar-gano 3! E d

Garhwal, district, see Gurhwal. 30 O eGarigliano, river 13 M kGaronne, river 20 C dGarry, river 19 C iGartz (or Garz) 18 H bGarumna, Lat. for GaronneGascony, Fr. Gascogne, duchy,

10 cent 8 CbGascony, duchy, 11 cent 11 C eGascony, region, 8-9 cent 7 C dGascony, region, later middle

ages 12 V XGastein 28 F eGaster, district 14 E gGata, cape 15 Q gGateshead 19 K bGatinais, county 11 E cGatrun 30 H mGatton 19 L eGaugamela 2^ D bGaul, Cisalpine, region 3^ C bGaul, Prefecture of 4 B dGaul, or The Gauls, Roman

diocese 4 C bGaul, Transalpine, region, see

GaUia (Transalpina) 32 A bGaulus, island 32 E fGaurus, mountain, east ofCumse

Gauti, people 3 D aGavi 15 B bGaza 1 C bGazaca 3 G cGebal, see Byblos 1 P gGebel-al-Tarik, or Gibraltar..

. 6 A bGedrosia, region i X pGeertruidenberg, see Gertrui-

denberg ^^ 22 A cGeestemiinde 281 B bGefle 32 KbGela, Greek colony 2^ C bGelnhausen 132 B bGembloux 18 C cGemeticum, Lat. for Jumi&gesGenava, Lat. for GenevaGenerality, Lands of the , or Gen-

eralitiitslande, part of UnitedNetherlands 18 B j

Geneva 14 D eGeneva, or Lifman, lake 13 C eGeneva, seat of bishop 13 C eGenf , Ger. for GenevaGenfer See, Ger. for Lake of

GenevaGenii, river, see Jenil 15 gGenoa, It. Geneva 15 F kGenoa, jxxlf 29 B c

t7

Genoa, republic 31Gent, Ger. for GhentGenua, mod. Genoa 3Georgetown 31Georgia, kingdom 9Georgia, region 232Georgian Bay 31Gepidae, people, 4 cent 4Gepidae, people, about 476 ... . 5Gera 28Gerace 25Geraestus, promontory 2Gerania Mountains 2Gerberoy (or Gerberoi) 11Gergovia 3German Confederation 28German Customs Union (Zoll-

verein). Development of ... .28'German East Africa, protecto-

rate 30German Empire (since 1871). .28German Empire, 20 cent 32Germania, country 3Germania I, province 4Germania II, province 4Germanic States, New, 6 cent. . . sGerman-Roman Empire, sec

Western Roman Empire .... 8German Southwest Africa, pro-

tectorate 30Germany, 10-12 cent 13Germany, 12-13 cent 132Germany, I4 cent 14Germany, 15 cent 14Germany, 16 cent 18Germany, 17 cent 18Germany, 13 cent 22Germany, in 1803 26Germany, in 1806 26Germany, 1807-1809 26*Germany, I9 cent 28Gernrode, monastery 13Geroldseck 26'Geroldseck, county 28Gerona 15Gerona, seat of bishop 11Geronthrae 2Gers, department 25Gers, river 25Gersau 14Gerstungen 13Gertruidenberg (or Gertruyden-

berg) 22Gesoriacum, mod. Boulogne ... 3Gevaudan, county, 11 cent 11G4vaudan, county, IS cent 12'Gevaudan, district, 15 cent. ... 12Gex 20Gex, district 20Gezeeret-Assuan, island, see

anc. Elephantine rGhadames 30Ghagar, river 30Ghardaia 30Ghassanids, kingdom of 6Ghat 30Ghats, Eastern, mountains ... .30Ghats, Western, mountains. . . .30Ghazni (or Ghazna) 6Ghent, or Gand 18Ghilan, region, see Gilan 232Giants Causeway 19Gibal (or El-Gibal), region, see

Kurdistan 29Gibel, see Gibellum g-Gibelet, or Byblos 92Gibellum, or Gibel 92Gibraltar, or Gebel-al-Tarik.. . . 6Gibraltar, strait 30Gien 11Giessen 18Giglio, island 25Gila, river 31Gilan, or Ghilan, or Djilan .... 232Gilghit (or Gilgit) 30Gilolo, island 16Gimbom 22>Gimoes, viscounty 12Girgenti 15

F d

C bE bG bE dR mE bF bE cO mE dD cD bC b

K p

D b

H

A cC aE dD dWw6 cO h

C dG 1O fG 1L gH mO h

Gironde INDEX Gurief

Gironde, department 25Gironde, river 20Gisors IIGitschin 18Giurgevo (or Giurgiu) 23Givet 20Glamorgan, lordship 10Glamorgan, shire, or county. ... 19Glarenza 23Glarus 18Glarus, Swiss canton 14Glasgow 19Glastonbury 10Glatz 18Glatz, county 14Gleichen 18Glencoe 30Glencoe, region 19Glevum, mod. Gloucester 3Glogau 18Glommen, river 23Gloucester 10Gloucester, shire, or county. . . 10Gliickstadt 18Gmiind 14Gmunden 18Gnesen 18Gnesen, seat of archbishop. ... 13Gnossus (or Gnosus) 2Goa 30Godavery (or Godavari), river. .30Godmunddingaham, see Good-manham 10

God's House, League of 14Gogra, river 30Goita 29Gokcha, or Sevang, lake 29Golconda 30Gold, river, see Rio de Oro 30Gold Coast, region 16Gold Coast, British colony . . . .30Goldingen 23Goletta 17Golfe du Lion, gulf 20GoUnow 22Golo, river 20Gomel 23*Gommern 22Gomphi 2GondlT 30Gonnus 2Good Hope, cape 16Good Hope, Cape of, British

colony, see Cape Colony 30Goodmanham 10Gorakhpur, see Goruckpore . . .30Gordium 2'Gor^e 30Gorgona, island 29Gnritz, see Gnrz 18Gorizia, see Gorz r8G rlitz 18G'lrli^z, district 14Gortyna 3Goruckpore 30Gorz r8Giirz, county 14Gorze, monastery 13Gorzno, see Gurzno 18Goslar 18Goteborg (or Gotheborg, or

Gothenburg) 23Gotha 28Gothenburg, sec Goteborg 23Gothia, district, mod. Crimea. . 9'Gothia, march 8Gothland (or Gotland), island. . 17Gottesgab 18Gotteshaus Bund. Ger. for

League of God's HouseGottingen 14Gottorp 18Gourdon 12IGournay 12Gower, lordship 10Goyaz 31Gozo (or Gozzo), island 17Gradiska (or Gradisca) 15Orado 7

c

Gurk ESTDEX Hildesheim

Gurk, seat of bishop 13 G eGuTzno 18 J hGiistrow 18 G bGuthrum, kingdom of 10 D hGuttones, people 3 D aGuyana, see GuianaGuyenne, see GuienneGuzerat, region, see Gujarat. . .30 N gGwalJor 30 B bGwalior, state, see Sindhia ... .30 B bGwenllwg, lordship 10 J eGwent, kingdom 10 E oGwynedd, kingdom 10 D oGyrton 2 C bGyrwe, or Gyrwii, people 10 D nGythium 2 C eGyula 9 E b

Haarlem 18 C bHaddington shire, or county. .19 D gHadeln, district 14 E bHadramaut, region 6 F dHadria, see HatriaHadrian, Wall of 3 B aHadrianople,see Adrianople. . . 4 E bHadrumetum 3 D cHaegsted, Lat. for EichstiittHsemimontus, province 4 E bHafsa 23 K fHagenau 18 C kHague, cape 20 B bHague, The 18 C bHaidarabad, state, see Hydera-bad 30 Oh

Hainaut, county, 13 cent 13^ A bHainaut, county, 15 cent 12 W tHainaut, county, 16 cent 18 B cHainaut, province 20 E aHainaut and Cambr^sis, inten-dancy 20 U f

Haiti (or Hayti), island andstate 31 S p

Halberstadt 18 F cHalberstadt,eccZ. state, ii5ccn

HUdesheim INDEX Ionia

HUdesheim, seat of bishop .... 13Hilerda, Lot. for LeridaHimalaya, mountains 30Himera 3^Himera, river, mod. Salso 3^Hims, or Emesa 8Hindon I9Hindostan, see IndiaHindu Kush, mountains 30Hingston Down 10Hinliley 19Hinterpommern, Ger. for Pom-

erania (Further)Hippo 5Hipponium, see Vibo 3"Hippo Regius, or Hippo 3Hira 6Hirsau, monastery 13Hirschberg 18Hispalis, mod. Seville 3Hispaniola, island, see Hayti. . 16Histonium 3^Hit, stv; Is IHither Pomerania, region ... .18Hittites, people IHlidbeki, Lai. for LiibeckHochelaga 16Hochkirk 22Hiichst 13Hochstadt 21Hogue, la, see Saint-Vaast .... 12Hohen Altheim 13Hohenberg 14Hohenberg, Lower County of. .22Hohenberg, Upper County of. .22Hohenems 13^Hohenfriedberg 22HohenLnden 26Hohenlohe, county 14Hohenlohe, principality 22Hohenstaufen, Germany and

Italy in time of 13'Hohentwiel 18Hohenzollern 14Hohenzollern, principalities . ..22Hohenzollern territories, 1470-

1486 14Hohenzollern territories, 16-17

cent 18Hohnstein, county, 17 cent. ... 18Hohnstein, county, 18 cent. . . .22Holderness, region 10Holkar, or The Holkar's Do-

minions, or Indore, state . . .30Holland, county, 12 cent 13^Holland, county, l-i cent 14Holland, county, 16 cent 14Holland, county, 16 cent 18Holland, kingdom, 1.9 cent., see

Netherlands (United) 28Holland, kingdom, time of Na-

poleon 26'Holmby House 19'Holstein, county 13^Holstein, duchy, IS cent 14Holstein, duchy, 16 cent 18Holstein, duchy, 19 cent 28Holstein, province 28Holwan 6Holyhead 19Holyhead, island 19Holy Island, see Lindisfarne ... 10Holy Roman Empire, see West-em Roman Empire 8

Holywell 19Homburg 28Homildon Hill 10Homs, or Emesa 8Hondschoote 25Honduras, region 16Honduras, state 31Honduras, British, colony . . . .31Honfleur 12Honiton 10Honorias, province 4Hoogly (or Hooghly) 30Hoogly, river 30Hoogstraten 13'Hoom 18

D b

Ionian Islands INDEX Kanina

Ionian Islands, 18 cent 23 J eIonian Islands, early 19 cent. . . 26 D dIonian Islands, /5 ce7i< 29 H cIonian States 2 Aelonopolis 8 G blos, island see Nios 23 D gIpsus I U oIpswich 10 O dIquique 31 C eIrak, region 6 F bIran, region i X oIreland, in the later middle

ages 10"

Ireland, Modern 19Irish Sea 19 G cIron Bridge, or Pons Ferri 9^ D bIron Gates, part of Danube

river 23 J fIrrawaddy, river 30 S gIrtysh, river 232 G cIs, mod. Hit i E bIsar, river 13 E dIsara, Lat. for IscVe (river)Isara, Lat. for Oise (river)Isara, Lat. for PontoiseIsatis, mod. Yezd 2^ E cIsauria, province 4 E cIsca Dumnoniorum, mod. Exe-

ter lo' B gIsca Silurum, mod. Caerleon-

on-Usk 10' B fIschia, island 15 H mIschl 28 F eIsenburg, county 22 C cIsenburg, principality 26 G cIseo, lake 15 G kIsfere, department 25 F eIs^re, river 25 F eIsfahan, see Ispahan 6 G bIshtib 29 P fIsis, a name for river Thames

in its upper courseIskimid, see Ismid 17 K eIslam, expansion of to 750 .... 6Islay, island lo^ H dIsle de France, intendancy. .. .20 TJ gIsle de France, province and

government 20 E bIsle of Ely, franchise district ... 10 N dIsle of Man loi A i.Isle of Pines 31 R oIsle of Wight 19 K fIsles 12 X uIslip Bridge 19' E fIskorost 8 FaIsmid (or Iskimid), or Nicome-

dia 17 K eIsnik, or Nicaea 17 J eIsontus, mx)d. Salzach, river ... 3^ D aIsonzo, river 13 M gIspahan 6 G bIsrael, land i P gIssoire 11 E dIssoudun 20 D cIssoudun, seigniory 11 E dIssus 22 C bIssus, gulf, northeast corner of

Mediterranean, see i V oIster, river, mod. Danube 2' D aIstria, district 5 KgIstria, march 13 F fIstropolis 4 E bIstrus, Greek colony 2' D aIsurium, mod. Aldborough . . .. lo* C cItalian Republic 26 G bItalian Somali Land, protecto-

rate 30 L oItaly, Ancient 3'Italy, kingdom, later 9 cent. . . . 7inItaly, 10-1S cent 13Italy, 12-13 cent 13'Italy, 16 cent 15Italy, from 1714 to 1748 21*Italy, 1798-1799 25Italy, in 1806 26'Italy, in 1810 26Italy, since 1815 29Italy, 20 cent 32Italy, northern, IS cent islUly. Prefecture of 4 B d

Italy, Roman diocese 4 D bIthaca, island 2 A cIthome, mountain 2 B dItil, answers to mod. Astrakhan.232 E dItonus 2 C bItuna .ffistuarium, sound, mod.

Solway Firth io B cIturi, river, 866 Aruwimi 30 J oItuzaingo 31 E fItzehoe 28 P hIvangorod 17 J bIviza, island 8 D cIvory Coast, French colony . ..30 F oIvoy 13 B dIvrea. 15 E kIvrea, seat of bishop 13 C fIzmail 23 K e

Jablunkau 18 J kJaca 15 dJaen 15 P SJaen, province 15 P fJaffa, or Joppa 29 K dJaffna 30 P kJiigemdorf 18 H jJaguaribe, river 31 G cJaice, see Jajce 23 H fJaipur, see Jeypore 30 O fJaisalmir 30 N fJaitze, see Jajce 23 H fJajce 23 H fJalandhar 30 O eJalapa 31 PJaligny 11 E dJamaica, island 31 S pJamary, river 31 D cJames, river 31 S nJames Bay 31 R 1Jametz 20 F bJanina 29 H cJankau 18 G kJantra, river 29 Q fJapan, or Zipangu, or Cipango,

island 16 P cJapuri, river, see Yapurd 31 C cJarabub 30 J 1Jaromierz 28 G cJarrow 10 B nJassv 29 J aJativa, see Xativa 15 fJauer 14 K hJauer, principality 14 J hJava, island 16 N eJavols 5 B jJaxartes, river, mod. Sir-Daria .1 X nJayce, see Jajce 23 H fJebel Barkal, see Napata i C eJedburgh 10 A oJedisan, region 17 K dJekaterinoslaw, see Ekaterinos-

laf 27 M dJelalabad 30 N eJemama, region, see Yemana. . 6 F cJemappes (or Jemapes) 25 E bJemappes, department 25 E bJemmappes (or Jemmapes), seeJemappes

Jemmingen 18 D bJemtland, part of Sweden ... .23 C bJena 26 G cJendi 30 G oJenil, river is O gJericho I K kJerichow 22' D bJersey, island 20 B bJerusalem ,. . i C bJerusalem, kingdom 9^ C dJervaulx Abbey 19 KbJesi IS H 1Jesulmir (or Jesubneer), see

Jaisalmir 30 N fJever 18 D bJever, seigniory 22 B bJeypore (or Jaipur) 30 O fJhansi 30 O fJhansi, river 30 O gJheelum (or Jhehim) 30 B aJhelum, river 30 N eJibuti(or Jibouti.orPiboutil). .30 L nJiddah 16 J cJitomir, ee Zhitomir 21 H c

21

Joachimsthal 18Jodhpore (or Jodhpur) 30Jodhpur, state, ee Marwar . . .30Johannesburg 30Johanngeorgenstadt 18Joigny. IIJoigny, county 11JoinviUe 11Joliba, river, see Niger 30Jomsburg 8Jonkoping 23Joppa IJordan, river 1Jos, island 2Josefstadt 28Josselin 11Juan Fernandez, islands 31Juba, river 30Jucar, river 15Judah, land iJudenburg 18Jujuy 31Juliacus, Lat. for JulichJulich 18Julich, duchy, 16 cent 14Julich, duchy, 16 cent 18Julich, duchy, 17 cent 18Julich, duchy, 18 cent 22Julich-Cleves-Berg, province. .28Juliers, Fr. for JulichJuliomagus, Lat. for AngersJuUundur, see Jalandhar 30Jumifeges, monastery 7Jumna, river 30Juneau 31Jungbunzlau 18Jur, river 31Jura, department 2SJura, island lo^Juterbog 18Jiiterbog, fortified place 13Jutes, people, 4 cent 4Jutes, people, about 476 5Jutes, people, about 476 5Jutland, djgtrict 17Juvavium, mod. Salzburg 4

Kaaden 18Kabarda, or Kabardia, or Ka-

bardine district 23-Kabinda, see Cabinda 30Kabis, see Gabes 6Kabul 6Kachh, state, see Cutch 30Kadesiah (or Kadisiya) 6Kadiak, island 31Kaffa 17Kaffraria Land, part of Cape

Colony 30Kafue, river 30Kahlenberg, moxmtain 18Kairwan 6Kaisarieh, or Csesarea 17Kaisersberg, see Kaysersberg. . 18Kaiserslautem 18Kakzi IKalafat 29Kalah, see Calah iKalamata (lower map) 9Kalat, see Khelat 8Kalenberg, mountain, ee Kah-

lenberg 18Kalisz (or Kalisch) 23Kalkhi, see Calah 1Kalmar, see Calmar 23Kalmucks, people 23*Kaluga 17Kama, river 23'Kama Bulgarians, people 9Kamaran, island 30Elamenm, German protecto-

rate 30Kaminiets (or Kamieniez) .... 23Kammin, see Cammln 18Kampen 14*Kananur 16Kanara, district, aee Canara ... 30Kandahar 6^Kandy 30Kanem, state 30Kanina 23

G

Kanjut INDEX Kursk

Kanjut, or Huoza, district ... 30Kano 30Karabagh, region 23-Kara Bugas, gulf 232Karachi, see Kurrachee 30Karakoram (or Karakonim'). .16Karamania (or Caramania),

part of Ottoman Empire .... 23Elaratova 23Karchemish, see Karkhemish . . iKardis 23Karelia, region 23Karikal 30Karitena (lower map) 9Karkhemish 1Karlsbad (or Carlsbad) 28Karlskrona (or Carlskrona) ... 24Karlstad, see Carlstad 23Karlstadt 17Karlstein 14Karmarids. dominion of 6^Karnatic, state, see Carnatic . . 3cKaronga . 30Karpathos (or Carpathos), is-

land 23Kars 29Karystos, tee Carystus 2Kaschau 23Kashgar 16Kashmir, state, see Cashmere . .30Kassai, river 30Kassala 30Kassimbazar, see CassLmbazar . 30Kassites, people 1Kassr-el-Kebir 17Kastamuni 24Kastoria 23Katavothra, mt., anc. CEta. ... 6Katif 6Kattegat, channel, see Cattegat.23Katzenellenbogen 25Katzenellenbogen, county

. .. .22

Kaufbeuem 22Kavanaghs. clan lo^Kaveri, river, see Cavery 30Kay 22Kayes 30Kayna 132Kaysersberg 18Kazan 16Kazanlik 29Kazembe 30Kazvin 6Kebabo 30Keewatin, territory 31Kehl 22Kelat, see Khelat 8Kells io2Kelso 19Kem 23-Kem, river 32Kernes (or Kemmes), lordship. 10Kemi, river 32Kempsford 10Kempten 18Kempten, ecd. state, 16 cent. . . 14Kempten, ecd. state, 16 cent. . . 18Kempten, ecd. state, 18 cent.. .22Kempten, monastery 13Kenai Peninsula 31Kenchester 10'Kendal 19Keneh, see Quina 30Kenilworth 10Kenmare 19Kenmare, river 19Kennet, river 19Kensington Palace 19Kent, kingdom 10Kent, shire, or county 19Kerak, anc. Kir Moab 9^Kerbela 6Kerry, lordship 10Kerry, shire, or county 19Kertch 17Kesselsdorf 22Kexholm, or Korela 23Key West 31Khabur, river i

N

Kuruman INDEX Lepreum

Ktmiman 30 J sKuskokwim, river 31 K kKusnacht 14 D gKustendje, or Constanza 23 K fKustrin (or Custrin) 28 G bKutaia 17 J fKutais 232 E dXutchuk Kainargi 23 K fKutha, mod. Tel Ibrahim i E bKuttenberg 18 H dKiixhaven, see Cuxhaven 22 C bKwanza, river, see Cuanza ... 30 H rKworra (or Quorra), river, see

Niger 30 G nKyburg 14 D gKyburg, fortress 13 D eKyffhausen, castle 13^ C bKyle, region lo^ K dKymmene, river 23 F bKyritz 142 D cKwando, river 30 J rKwango, river 30 H p

Laa 18 J dLaaland, island 18 F aLabiau 23 E dLabicum 3^ C gLabourd, viscounty 11 C eLabrador, dependency 31 T 1Labrador, region 16 D bLabrador Peninsula 31 S 1La Carolina 24 D fLaccadive Islands 30 N jLacedasmon, region, see Laco-

nia 2 C dLacedasmon, town, gee Sparta . .2 C dLa Charity 20 E cLacinium,orLacinianCape .. . 3- F eLackish i P gLacmus, mountain 2 B bLaconia, gulf 2 C aLaconia, region 2 C dLactora, Lat. for LectoureLade, island 2 JhLado 30 K oLado Enclave, district 30 K oLadoga 8 G aLadoga, lake 23 G bLadon, rivers 2 B dLadrone, or Mariana, Islands. .16 P dLadysmith 30 G rLaFfere 11 E bLa Fert^ 11 D cLa Fert^-Bemard 11 D cLa Fl&che 20 C cLagan, river 19 B nLagonegro 29 E dLagos IS M gLagos, British colony, from

1006 Colony of SouthernNigeria 30 G o

LaGranja, seeSan Ildefonso. . .21 D dLa Guayra (or La Guaira) ... .31 DaLa Guerche 11 C cLaguna 31 F eLahn, river 13 C cLahore 30 N eLa Hougue, or La Hogue, see

Saint-Vaast 12 K oLaias. or Lajazzo, or Aias (or

Ayas") 92 C bLaibach (or Laybach), seat of

bishop 13 G eLake of the "Woods 31 Q 1Lakes of Killarney 19 D qLakhmids, Kingdom of 6 M gLalitpore (or Lalitpur) 30 O gLa Manche, or English Chan-

nel 25 C bLa Marchc 11 E cLa Marche, county, 11 cent.. . . 11 D dLa Marche, county, i4 ceni.. .. 12 D cLa Marche, county, 15 cent. ... 12 V vLa Marche, province and gov't .20 D cLambach 13 F dLamballe 20 B bLambeth 10 M eLamia 2 C cLampadar, see Aberystwith ... 10 H d

Lampsacus 2 K kLamptrse 3 D dLamu, island 30 L pLanark, shire, or coimty 19 D hLancashire, see LancasterLancaster 10 K bLancaster, or Lancashire, shire,

or county 10 K cLandau 18 D dLandeck 14 F eLandes, department 25 C eLandeshut 22 L hLand Hadeln district 14 bLandrecies 20 E aLandsberg 18 G hLandsdown 19I D fLands End, cape 19 FLandshut 18 G dLands of the Generality, part of

United Netherlands 18 B jLandstuhl 18 D dLangeland, island 28 E aLangensalza 28 E cLangobardi, or Lombards, peo-

ple 3 D aLangport 191 D fLangres 20 F cLangres, county n F cLangside 17 D bLanguedoc, intendancy 20 U kLanguedoc, province and gov-

ernment 20 E eLanguedoc, region, later middle

ages 12 WxLanuvium 3^ C gLao, river, see Laus 3^ E eLaodicea, in Phrygia 4 E cLaodicea, in Syria 4 F cLaon 20 E bLaon, county 11 E bLaon, seat of bishop 11 E bLa Paz, in Bolivia 31 D dLa Paz, in Lower California

31 O oLapland, region 23^ C bLa Plata, river 31 E fLa Plata, viceroyalty. . .(note) 31 B hLappa 2 H jLapurdum, Lat. for BayonneLaranda 4 F cLarash (or Larache), see El

Araish 17 C fLarino 13 N kLarinum, mod. Larino 3^ E dLa Rioja, see Rioja 31 D eLarissa (or Larisa) 2 C bLarius, lake, mod. ComoLa Rochefoucault 11 D dLa Rochelle 20 C cLa Rochelle, generality 20 S hLarsam (or Larsa), rnod. Sen-

kereh i F bLarymna 2 D cLas 2 C eLas Balsas, river 31 P pLa Serena 31 C eLaswari (or Laswaree) 30 O fLatakia, or Laodicea 17 L fLatin Colonies . . 3^Latin Empire of the East

(lower map) 9 C aLatini, people 3^ D dLatium, region 3^ D cLatmuj, mountain 2 JhLaTour.orLaTourd'Auvergneii E dLa Tour d'Auvergne 20 N jLa Trimouille . ri D dLauchtenberg 18 G dLauenburg, on the Elbe 18 F bLauenburg, in Pomerania ... .22 M fLauenburg, duchy, 18 cent. . . .22 D bLauenburg, duchy, /S cen

Leptis INDEX Lourdes

Leptis, PhcEnician colony 2' C bLeptis Magna 3 D cLe Puiset 11 D cLe Puy 20 E dLe Puy, seat of bishop' 11 E dLe Quesnoy 20 E aLerida 15 R eLerna 2 C dLeros, island 2 J hLes Andelys 20 D bLesbos, island 2 J gLescar, seat of bishop 11 C eLes Sables-d'Olonne 20 C cLesser Antilles, islands 31 T pLesser ( or Little ) Armenia, region

and kingdom (lower map). . . 9 D bLetocetum 10' C eLetrini 2 B dLetts, or Lithuanians, people . . 8 FaLeubus, monastery 13^ D bLeuca, mountain 2 G jLeucadia,orLeucas, island .. .23 C gLeucas 2 A cLeucas, island, mod. SantaMaura 2 A c

Leucate 11 E fLeucate, promontory 2 AcLeuci, Lat. for ToulLeuctra 2 D cLeuven, Fl. for LouvainLevadia, region, see Livadia ... 23 J gLevantina, Valle, district 14 D hLewes 10 M fLewes, river 31 M kLewis, island lo^ H aLewis, shire, or county 19 A kLexovii (or Lexoviis), Lat. for

LisieuxLeyden 18 C bLeyen, principality 26 G dLeyria, see Leiria 15 M fLialui 30 J rLiard, river 31 N kLibau 1 23 K aLiberia, state 30 F oLibreville 30 G oLibya, region i U oLibya, Lower (Inferior), prov-

ince 4 E cLibya, Upper (Superior), prov-

ince' 4 E cLibyan Desert 30 J mLibyan Sea 2* C bLichfield 19 K dLichfield, seat of bishop 10 L dl.idford 10 H fLiechtenberg, principality .. . .28 C dLiechtenstein, principality ... .28 D eL'efland, Ger. for LivoniaLi^ge 18 C cLi^ge, eccl. state, 16 cent 14 C cLi^ge, eccl. state, 16 cent 18 C cLi^ge, eccl. state, 18 cent 22 A cLi^ge, seat of bishop 13 B cLiegnitz 18 J cLienz 18 G eLiffey river 19 C nLiger, Lat. for Loire (river)Ligures, anc. people, see Lig^tiriaLiguria, province 4 C bLiguria, region 3^ B bLigurian Republic 25 K jLigurian Sea 3^ B bLigusticus Sinus, see Ligurian

Sea 32 B bLille II E bLilybaeum 3 D cLima 31 C dLima for Peru), viceroyalty

(note) 31 B hLimasol 9 F cLimay, river 31 C gLimburg 18 D cLimburg, district 28 B cLimburg, duchy, IS cent 14 C cLimburg, duchy, 16 cent 18 D cLimburg, fortress i3 C cLimerick 19 D PLimerick, shire, or cotinty ... .19 D PLimoges 20 D d

Limoges, generality 20Limoges, seat of bishop 11Limoges, viscounty, 11 cent.. . . 11Limoges, viscounty, 74 cent. ... 12Limonum, Lat. for PoitiersLimousin, intendancy 20Limousin, province and gov't. .20Limpopa, or Crocodile, river. . .30Lincoln 19Lincoln, seat of bishop 10Lincoln, shire, or county 19Lindau 18Lindi 3Lindisfame, or Holy Island ... 10Lindsey, region 10Lindum, mod. Lincoln 3Lindus 2Lingen 13Lingen, county, 16 cent 18Lingen, county, 18 cent 22Lingones, people 3^Lingones, Lat. for LangresLinhares 31Linlithgow 19Linlithgow, shire, or county . . 19Linz 18Lion, gulf 20Liparaese, or JEohae, or Vul-

canise, islands, mod. Liparior jEolian Islands 3^

Lipari, islands 15Lippe, county, IS cent 14Lippe, county, 16 cent 18Lippe, principality 22Lippe, river 13Lippe-Detmold, principality . ..28Lippstadt 28Liris, river, mod. Garigliano. . . 3^Lisbon 15Lisburn 19Lisieux 20Lisieux, seat of bishop 11Liskeard 10Lissa 28Lissos, promontory 2Lissus 2Liternum, anc. town on coast

north of CumaeLithuania, grand duchy 17Lithuania, part of Poland ... .23Lithuania, region, in 1190 .... 9Lithuanians, or Letts people.. 8Little Armenia, see Lesser Ar-

menia (lower map) 9Little Naiud, desert 6Little Ouse, river 10Little Russia, region .23^Little Slave, lake 31Little Whale, river 31Little Yarmouth 19Liubutsk 232Liusna, river 23Livadia (or Levadia), part ofOttoman Empire 23

Livarot 20Livenza, river 15Liverpool 19Livinen, Ger. for Val LevantinaLivingstone Falls, in the Congo

below LeopoldvilleLivland, Ger. for LivoniaLivno 29Livonia, district 17Livonians, people 8Livorno, see Leghorn 25Lixus 3Lizard Point, cape 19Llandaff, seat of bishop 10Llandovery, lordship 10Llorin 30Loa, river 31Loanda 30Loango 30Loano 25Lobau, in Lusatia 18Lobau, in Prussia 18Locarno 18Locca, Lat. for LochesLochau 18Loches 13

24

T

Louren^o Marques INDEX Manche

LourenQO Marques, see LorenzoMarques 30 K s

Lousonna, Lot. for LausanneLouth 10 M cLouth, shire, or county 19 C nLoutsk, see Lutzk 23 L cLouvain 18 C cLow Countries, see Netherlands 17 E cLowen, Get. for LouvainLower Bavaria, region 18 G dLower Burma, province 30 S hLower California, peninsula . . 31 oLower Canada, province, see

Quebec 31 S mLower Guinea, region 30 H pLower Navarre, district 20 L kLower Palatinate, electorate . . 18 D dLower Rhine, province 28 C b:Lowestoft 19 N dLoyola 17 D eLozfere, department 25 E eLualaba, river 30 J pLuapula, river 30 J rLubben 18 G cLiibeck 22 D bLiibeck, eccl. state, IS cent .... 14 F bLiibeck, eccl. state, 16 cent. ... 18 F bLiibeck, eccl. state, 18 cent 22 D abLubetz 8 G aLublin 17 I cLuca, mod. Lucca 3^ C cLucani, anc. people, see Lu-

caniaLucania, region 3^ E dLucania Brutii, or Brittia Lu-

cania, province 4 D cLucca 13 L jLucca, duchy 29 C cLucca, principality, 1806 261 F jLucca, Republic of, /5 cen

Manchester INDEX Merceui

Manchester 19 J cMancunium,mo BMendocino, cape 16 AMendoza 31 DMendrisio 14 DMengo 30 KMenin 20 EMentana 29 DMeppen, monastery 13 CMeran, monastery 13 EMerceur 11 E

N eO fJ fC dD dD cD bE cG c

F cF cC bG cN cG cK f

Mercia INDEX Montpellier

Mercia, kingdom lo D nMercia, Danish, region lo D jMercia, English, region lo D kMere lo K eMergentheim 22 C dMergui 30 S jMergui Archipelago 30 S jMerida, in Spain 15 N fMerida, in Venezuela 31 C bMerida, in Yucatan 31 R oMering 13 E dMerioneth, shire, or county ... 19 H dMeroe i U qMerseburg 18 F cMerseburg, fortified place and

seat of bishop 13 E cMersen 7 E bMersen, Treaty of 7IVMersey, river 10 K cMerthyr Tydfil 19 H eMertola 21 C eMeru, lake, see Moero 30 J pMerv 16 L cMerwara, region, near AjmirMesembria, Greek colony 2' D aMeseritz, monastery 13 G bMesocco, see Misocco 14 E hMesopotamia, province 4 G cMesopotamia, region 1 E aMesopotamia, theme 8 G cMessana, or Zancle, Greek col-ony 2I C b

Messapla, home of MessapiiMessapii, anc. inhabitants of

CalabriaMessene 2 B dMessenia, region 2 B dMessenian Gulf 2 C eMessin, district 20 G bMessina 15 J nMeta, river 31 C bMetaris .ffistuarium, mod. TheWash io D d

Metauro, river 15 H 1Metaurus, river, mod. Metauro . 3^ D cMethana 2 D dMethone 2 C aMethven lo^ L cMethymna 2 J gMetropolis 2 B cMettis, Lat. for MetzMetz 18 D dMetz, eccl. state, 15 cent 14 D dMetz, eccl. state, 16 cent 18 D dMetz, seat of bishop 13 C dMetz and the Three Bishoprics,

intendancy 20 V gMeulan (or Meulant) . . . . : . . 12 R jMeurthe, department 25 G cMeurthe, river 25 G cMeuse, department 25 F cMeuse, or Maas, river 13 B cMeuse Inferieure, department .25 F bMewe 22I H bMexican cessions to U. S 31 O nMexico 31 PMexico, gulf 31 oMexico, state 31 P oMezen 32 P aMezen, river 32 bMezi&res 25 F cMhairwarra, region near AjmirMichael 19 F fMichigan, lake 31 R mMiddelburg, in Netherlands . . .18 B cMiddelburg, in South Africa . . 30 J tMiddle Angles, people 10 D nMiddle March, district, see Mit-

telmark 14 G bMiddlesex, shire, or county. ... 19 L eMidhurst 19 L fMies 14 G dMigdol I C bMikulin 232 D cMilan, It. Milano is F kMilan, duchy, IS cent 14 E fMilan, duchy, 16 cent x8 E fMilan, duchy, in 1789 24 F dMilan, seat of archbishop 13 D f

Milanais, see Milan, duchyMilazzo 29Milborne Port 19Miletus 3Milford Haven, inlet 19Milhau IIMiUd, or Melitene iMillesimo 25Milos (or Melos), island 17Milvian Bridge, see Pons Mil-

vius 3*Milzienians, people 13Mimate, Lat. for MendeMimigerneford, Lat. for Mun-

ster

Minas Novas 31Minch, The, strait 19Minch, The Little, strait 19Mincio, river 15Mincius, river, mod. Mincio ... 3'Minda, Lat. for MindenMindanao, island 16Minden 18Minden, eccl. state, 15 cent. ... 14Minden, eccl. state, 16 cent.

. ..18Minden, principality 22Minden, seat of bishop 13Minehead 19Minerve 11Minervia, see Scylacium 3^Ming^relia, region 23^Minho, river 15Minor Persthlaba 8Minorca, island 4Minsk 23Minster Lovell 19Minturnae 3*Miquelon, island 31Miraflores 31Mirande 20Mirandola 15Mirebeau 11Mirepoix 11Misitra (lower map) 9Misocco, Ger. Misox 14Misr, or Egypt 6Mississippi, river 31Missolonghi 29Missouri, river 31Missunde 28Mistra 23Mitau (or Mitava) 17Mittelmark, district, 15 cent. . . 14Mittelmark, district, 16 cent. , . 18Moab, land iMobangi, river, see Ubangi ... .30Mobile 31Mozambique, see Mozambique . 30Modbury 19Modder, river 30Modena isModena, duchy, 18 cent 21Modena, duchy, 19 cent 29Modica 25Modon (or Modoni) 23Miien, island 28Mcenus, Lat. for Main (river)Mceris, lake iMoero (or Meru), lake 30Mcesia I, II, provinces 4Mogador 30Mogdishu 30Mogilef (or Mogileff , or Moghi-

lef , or Moghileff ) 23Mogontiacum (or Mogontia-

cus, or Mogontia), mod.Mainz 3

Mohacs 17Mohammed, or Mahomet, con-

quests of 6Mohammedans, conquests to

750 6Mohilef (or Mohileff), see Mogi-

lef 23Mohra 18Moidart, region 19Moissac, monastery 7Mold 10Moldau, river 13

27

E

Montpellier INDEX Nejd

Montpellier, generality 20 U kMontpensier 12 WvMontreal, in Canada 31 S mMontreal, or Shaubek 9- C eMontreuil 20 D aMontricbard 11 D cMontrose 10* M cMont Saint Michel 11 C cMont Tonnerre, department. . .25 G cMonza 13^ B dMonzambano 29 F fMoodikee, see Mudki 30 N eMook 18 C cMooltan, see Multan 30 N eMoorshedabad 30 G hMoose, river 31 R 1Moose Factory 31 R 1Morano 25 O mMorat 14 C hMorava, river 23 C fMoravia, margraviate, 7;8 ceTiM3* D cMoravia, margraviate, /5 ceni. 14 J dMoravia, margraviate, /fi cen

Nellenburg INDEX Norway

Nellenburg, district 32 C cNelson, river 31 Q 1Nemausus, mod. Nimes 3 C bNemea 2 C dNemetacus, Lat. for ArrasNemetes, Lai. for SpiresNemorensis, lake 3~ C gNemours, duchy 12 W uNen, river 10 M dNeocaesarea 4 F ^Neocastro, see Navarino 29 H cNepaul, or Nepal, kingdom ... 30 P fNepete 3'-' D cNepigon, lake, see Nipigon 31 RmNeptunia, see Tarentum 2 C aNerac 11 D eNerbuda, river 30 gNesa 6 G bNesle II E bNess, lake 19 B iNestus, river 2 H fNetherlands, or Low Countries .17 E cNetherlands, Austrian 21 E bNetherlands, Spanish 18 B jNetherlands, United, 17 cent. . . 18 B hNetherlands, United, IS cent. . .21 F bNetherlands, United, i.9cen

Norway INDEX Orthe

Norway, 1096 9* D aNorway, 1190 9 C aNorway, from 1814 27 G bNorway, 50 cent 32 J bNorwich 19 N dNorwich, seat of bishop 10 O dNossi Be, island 30 L rHiiteborg, later Schlusselburg

(or Schlusselborg) 17 KbNotium 2 K 1Noto 25 N nNottingham 10 L dNottingham, shire, or county. .19 K cNova Carthago, or New Car-

thage 3 B cNovae 4 E bNovara IS F kNovara, seat of bishop 13 D fNova Scotia, region 16 D bNova Scotia, province 31 T mNova Zambia, island 16 K aNovellara IS G kNovempopulana (or Novempop-

ulania), district 5 B bNovem Populi, province 4 C bNovgorod 23 G cNovgorod, Territory of 9 FaNovgorod-Seversk, see Seversk . 23^ D cNovi 25 K jNovibazar 29 P fNoviomagus, Lat. for LisieuzNoviomagus, Lat. for Nimwe-

genNoviomagus (or Noviomum),

Lat. for NoyonNoviomagus, Lat. for SpiresNovogrudok 17 J cNovorossiisk 32 O fNovosil 23* D cNowawis, see Eridu I F bNoyers 11 F cNoyon 20 E bNoyon, county 11 E bNubia, region 30 K nNuceria 3^ D cNudionnum, Lat. for S^ezNueces, river 31 oNumantia 3 B bNumicius, river 3^ C gNumidia, province 4 C cNunivak, island 31 J 1Nuremberg 18 F dNuremberg, burgraviate 14 F dNiimberg, Ger. for NurembergNyangwe 30 J pNyassa, lake 30 K rNyitra, see Neutra 132 D cNykoping 24 H bNymegen, see Nimwegen 21 F bNymphaeum, promontory 2 E aNymphenburg 21 G cNyslott 23* C bNystad 23 E b

Oazaca 31 Q pOb (or Obi), river 16 L aOb Bay, see Obi, gulf 23=^ H bObbia 30 L oOberehnheim (or Oberehen-

heim) 18 C kObi (or Ob), gulf 23^ H bObi, river 232 G bObok 30 L nO'Brennans, clan lo^ D dO'Briens, clan lo^ B dOcafia, in South America 31 C bOcafia, in Spain 26 A dOchakof 17 K dOchrida 23 J fOchsenfurt 13 D dOchus, river i X oOckley 10 E nOconee, river 31 R nO'Connors, clan lo^ C cO'Dempseys, clan 10* D cOdenburg 18 H 1Odense 17 G bOder, river 13 G bOderberg 18 K d

Odessa 32 N eOdessus 4 E bOdeypore, or Oodeypore, or

Udaipur 30 N gOdiham 10 M eOdoacer, Kingdom of, about

476 5 E cO'Donnells, clan lo^ C bO'Donoghues, clan 10' B d(Ea 3 D c(Eanthea 2 C c(Eniadse 2 B c(Enophyta 2 D cCEnotria, region 2' C aQEnus, river, see Mn\is, mod.

Inn 3' C a(Enussae, islands 2 B e(Eta, mountain 2 C c(Etylus . . 2 C eOfanto, river i JmO'Farrells, clan 10' D cOfen, Ger. for BudaOffenburg 22 B dO'Flahertys, clan 10* B cOglio, river 15 G kOgmore Castle 10 J eOgove (or Ogowe), river 30 B[ pO'Hanlons, clan lo* E bO'Haras, clan lo* C bOhio, river 31 R nOhod 6 F cOhre, river 7 F b3hringen 22 C dOise, department 2S E cOise, river 20 E bOkehampton 19 H fO'KeUeys, clan lo^ C cO'Kennedeys, clan lo* C dOkhrida (or Ochrida) 8 F bbland, island 17 H bOlbia, on Black Sea 3 F bOlbia, in Liguria 2* B aOlbia, in Sardinia 3== B dOld Basing 19I E fOld Calabar 30 GoOld Dongola 30 K nOldenburg 18 E bOldenburg, in Holstein 14 F aOldenburg, county 14 E bOldenburg, grand duchy 28 D bOldenburg, seat of bishop 13 E aOldensche 13^ B bOldenzaal 18 D bOldham 19 J cOld March, district, tee Alt-mark 18 F b

Old Providence, island 31 B aOld Sarum 10^ C tOlenus 2 B cOl^ron II C dOleron, island 20 C dOliaros, island 2 H hOlifant, river 30 K sOlisipio, TTwd. Lisbon 3 BeOliva 23 D dOliva, monastery 13* E aOlivenga 31 D cOlivenza 24 C fOhnutz 18 J dOlmiitz, seat of bishop 13 H dOloosson 2 C bOloron 20 C eOloron, seat of bishop ii C eOlorone, Lat. for OloronOlpae 2 B cbis 14 K hOltenitza 29 J bOltis, Lat. for Lot (river)Olympia 2 B dOlympus, mountain, in Asia

Minor 2 K /Olympus mountain, in Greece .2 C aOlynthus 2 D aO'Malleys, clan lo^ B cOman, region 6 G cOmbrone, river 29 C cOmdurman 30 K nOmmiads, conquests of 6Ommiads, dominion of, 8 cent. 6* B b

3^

Omont 11 F bOmont, county ...11 F bO'Mores, clan lo^ D dOnega 232 D bOnega, lake 232 D b-Onega, river 232 D bOneglia 15 B cO'Neills, clan lo* D bOnochomus, river 2 C bOntario, lake 31 S mOntario, or Upper Canada, prov-

ince 31 R mOnugnathos, promontory 2 C eOphionenses, people 2 B cOpici, or Osci, anc. people,

,

dwelling e. and s.e. of VolsciOpis, see Upi i E bOpitergium 3* D bOpol, duchy 132 D bOporto 15 M eOppebi 18 KcOppenheim 132 B cOpsicion (or Opsicium), theme. 8 F cOpslo . .17 G bOptimaton (or Optimatum)theme 8 G b

Opus 2 D cOran 17 D fOrange 20 F dOrange, cape 31 E bOrange, river 30 H sOrange, seat of bishop 11 F eOrange Free State (Boer) 30 F rOrange River Colony 30 J aOrbe 14 B hOrbec 11 D bOrbeteUo 15 G IOrchomenus, in Arcadia 2 C dOrchomenus, in BcEotia 2 C cOrda (or Ordeh), see Dongola

(New) 30 K nOrder of Sword-bearers 17 I bOrdovices, people lo^ B ebrebro 17 H bOregon, country 31 O mO'ReiUys, clan lo* D cOrel 27 N cOrenburg 23''= F cOrense is N dOreos (or Oreus), (lower map) 9 B bOrestis, district 2 B aOrgellis, Lat. for UrgelOria 13 O kOricum 2 F kOrihuela is tOrinoco, river 31 D bOrissa, province 30 Q gOristano 13 F nOrkney Islands 17 D bOrlamiinde 13 E cOrlcanais, intendancy 20 T hOrleanais, province and gov-ernment 20 D c

Orleans, Fr. Orl(^ans 17 E dOrleans, dominions of house of,

later 16 cent 12Orleans, duchy 12 E cOrleans, generality 20 T hOrleans, kingdom of (or of

Clodomir) 5 BhOrleans, seat of bishop 11 D cOrmuz 6 G cOrne, department 25 D cOme, river 20 C bOro, river 30 EmOro, Rio de, colony 30 EmOroatis, river i W oOrontes, river i P KOropus 2 D cOropus, river 2 A bO'Rourkes, clan lo^ D bOrsha 232 D cOrsk 232 F cOrsona 31 C gOrsova 23 C fOrtenau, region, just n. of Frei-

burg in BreisgauOrthe II C Orthe, viscounty 11 C

Ortona INDEX Pegae

Ortona 13Ortospana, or Cabura, mod.Kabul 22

Oruba, island 31Orvieto 15Orwell 10Osca, Lat. for HuescaQsci, people, see OpiciOsel, island 17O'Shaughnessys, clan lo^Osimo ISOslo 142Osma 15Osnabriick 18Osnabriick, eccl. state, IB cent. . 14Osnabriick, eccl. state, 16 cent. . 18Osnabriick, eccl. state, 18 cent.. 22Osnabriick, seat of bishop .... 13Osroena, province 4Ossa, mountain 2Ossegg 18Ostend 18Ostergotland, district 17Osterland, district 14Osterreich, Ger. for Austriadstersund . 26Ost Friesland, see East Fries-

land 18Ostia 13Ostiaks (or Ostyaks), people . . . 232Ostrach 26Ostrog 17Ostrogoths, kingdom, about

476 5Ostrogoths, kingdom, at death

of Theodoric (526) 5Ostrogoths, people, 4 cent 4O'Sullivans, clan lo*Oswestry 10Otford 10Othrys, mountain 2O'Tooles, clan lo*Otranto 15Ottawa 31Ottawa, river 31ptterburn 10Ottingen, principality 22Ottoman Empire, 16 cent 17Ottoman Empire, 17-18 cent. . 23Ottoman Empire, 1792-1878. .29Ottoman Empire, 1815 27Ottoman Empire, 20 cent 32Otyimbingue 30Oude, province, see Oudh 30Oudenarde 21Oudh, province . . . .\ 30Ouessant, island 20Oulchy IIOubc 20Ouro Preto 31Ourthe, department 25Ourthe, river 25Ouse, river 10Ouse, river 10Ouse, Little, river 10Ovambo Land, part of German

S. W. Africa 30Oversee 28Overwent, lordship 10Overyssel, lordship 18Oviedo ISOxford 10Oxford, shire, or county 19Ozus, river, mod. Amu-Daria . . iOyabock (or Oyapock), river. . .31Oykell, river 19

Paardeberg 30Pachynus (or Pachynum),

promontory or cape 3*Pactye 2Paderbom 18Paderborn, eccl. state, IB cent.. 14Paderbom, eccl. state, 16 cent..i%Paderborn, eccl. state, 18 cent.. 22Paderbom, seat of bishop 13Padova, see Padua 15Padrabrunna, Lat. for Pader-bom

N 3

F

Pegu INDEX Pola

Pegu, district 30Peipus, lake 23Poishwa (or Peshwa), state . . .30Peking 16Pelasgiotis, district 3Pelinnaeum 2Pelion, mountain 2Pella 2Pellene 2Pelly, river 31Peloponnesus, region 2Peloponnesus, theme 8Pelorum, promontory or cape . . 3^Pelusium 3Pelym 232Pemba, island 30Pembroke 10Pembroke, lordship 10Pendennis Castle 19'Penedo 31Peneus, river, in Elis 2Peneus, river, in Thessaly .... 2Penguin Islands, in neighbor-

hood of Luderitz BayPenjab, province, see Punjab . .30Penner (or Pennair), river ... .30Pennine Chain, mountains .... 10Penon de Velez 26Penrith 10Penryn 19Pensacola 31Pentapolis, district, about 600 . 5Pentapolis, district, 5-5 c< 71/. .. 7Pentapolis, distrIc^ 10-12 crnt. 13Pentelicus, moun a i 2Penza 232Penzance 32Peparethos, island 2Peralada 11Perche, county 12'Perche, district 20Perchs-Gouet, barony 12Perche-Gouet, seigniory 11Percote 2Perdido, river 31Pereiaslaf 232Perekop 17Pergamum 2Perge iPerigord, coun