16.1: thermal energy and matter - polk school district thermal energy and matter . heat •heat is...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 16.1: Thermal Energy and Matter - Polk School District Thermal Energy and Matter . Heat •Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a temperature](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5ab71f387f8b9a1a048e9335/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
16.1: Thermal Energy and Matter
![Page 2: 16.1: Thermal Energy and Matter - Polk School District Thermal Energy and Matter . Heat •Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a temperature](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5ab71f387f8b9a1a048e9335/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Heat • Heat is the transfer of thermal
energy from one object to another because of a temperature difference.
• Heat flows spontaneously from hot objects to cold objects.
![Page 3: 16.1: Thermal Energy and Matter - Polk School District Thermal Energy and Matter . Heat •Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a temperature](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5ab71f387f8b9a1a048e9335/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Temperature
• Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold an object is compared to a reference point.
•On the Kelvin scale, absolute zero is defined as a temperature of 0 kelvins.
![Page 4: 16.1: Thermal Energy and Matter - Polk School District Thermal Energy and Matter . Heat •Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a temperature](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5ab71f387f8b9a1a048e9335/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Temperature • As an object heats up, its particles move
faster, on average. The average kinetic energy of the particles increases.
• One way that heat flows is by the transfer of energy in collisions.
• On average, high-energy particles lose energy. Low-energy particles gain energy.
![Page 5: 16.1: Thermal Energy and Matter - Polk School District Thermal Energy and Matter . Heat •Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a temperature](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5ab71f387f8b9a1a048e9335/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Thermal Energy • Thermal energy is the total
potential and kinetic energy of all the particles in an object.
• Thermal energy depends on the mass, temperature, and phase (solid, liquid, or gas) of an object.
![Page 6: 16.1: Thermal Energy and Matter - Polk School District Thermal Energy and Matter . Heat •Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a temperature](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5ab71f387f8b9a1a048e9335/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Specific Heat • The amount of heat needed to raise
the temperature of one gram of a material by one degree Celsius.
• The lower a material’s specific heat, the more its temperature rises when a given amount of energy is absorbed by a given mass.
![Page 7: 16.1: Thermal Energy and Matter - Polk School District Thermal Energy and Matter . Heat •Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a temperature](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5ab71f387f8b9a1a048e9335/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: 16.1: Thermal Energy and Matter - Polk School District Thermal Energy and Matter . Heat •Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a temperature](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5ab71f387f8b9a1a048e9335/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Calculating Specific Heat
• In this formula, heat is in joules, mass is in grams, specific heat is in J/g•°C, and the temperature change is in degrees Celsius.
![Page 9: 16.1: Thermal Energy and Matter - Polk School District Thermal Energy and Matter . Heat •Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a temperature](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5ab71f387f8b9a1a048e9335/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Calculating Specific Heat
An iron skillet has a mass of 500.0 grams. The specific heat of iron is
0.449 J/g•°C. How much heat must be absorbed to raise the skillet’s
temperature by 95.0°C?
![Page 10: 16.1: Thermal Energy and Matter - Polk School District Thermal Energy and Matter . Heat •Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a temperature](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5ab71f387f8b9a1a048e9335/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Calculating Specific Heat
• An iron skillet has a mass of 500.0 grams. The specific heat of iron is 0.449 J/g•°C. How much heat must be absorbed to raise the skillet’s temperature by 95.0°C?
![Page 11: 16.1: Thermal Energy and Matter - Polk School District Thermal Energy and Matter . Heat •Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a temperature](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5ab71f387f8b9a1a048e9335/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Calculating Specific Heat
How much heat is needed
to raise the temperature of 100.0 g of water by
85.0°C?
![Page 12: 16.1: Thermal Energy and Matter - Polk School District Thermal Energy and Matter . Heat •Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a temperature](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5ab71f387f8b9a1a048e9335/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Calculating Specific Heat
How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 100.0 g of water by 85.0°C?
Q = m * c * ∆T = (100.0 g)(4.18 J/g•°C)(85.0°C)
= 35.5 kJ
![Page 13: 16.1: Thermal Energy and Matter - Polk School District Thermal Energy and Matter . Heat •Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a temperature](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5ab71f387f8b9a1a048e9335/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Calculating Specific Heat
How much heat is
absorbed by a 750-g iron skillet when its
temperature rises from 25°C to 125°C?
![Page 14: 16.1: Thermal Energy and Matter - Polk School District Thermal Energy and Matter . Heat •Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a temperature](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5ab71f387f8b9a1a048e9335/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Calculating Specific Heat
How much heat is absorbed by a 750-g iron skillet when its temperature
rises from 25°C to 125°C?
Q = m * c * ∆T = (750 g)(0.449 J/g•°C)(125°C – 25°C)
= (750 g)(0.449 J/g•°C)(100°C) = 34 kJ
![Page 15: 16.1: Thermal Energy and Matter - Polk School District Thermal Energy and Matter . Heat •Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a temperature](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5ab71f387f8b9a1a048e9335/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Calculating Specific Heat
• In setting up an aquarium, the heater transfers 1200 kJ of heat to 75,000 g of water. What is the increase in the
water’s temperature? (Hint: Rearrange the specific heat formula
to solve for ∆T
![Page 16: 16.1: Thermal Energy and Matter - Polk School District Thermal Energy and Matter . Heat •Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a temperature](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5ab71f387f8b9a1a048e9335/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Calculating Specific Heat
• In setting up an aquarium, the heater transfers 1200 kJ of heat to 75,000 g of water. What is the increase in the water’s temperature? (Hint: Rearrange the specific heat formula to solve for ∆T
∆T = Q / (m x c) = 1,200,000 J/(75,000 g × 4.18 J/g•°C)
= 3.8°C
![Page 17: 16.1: Thermal Energy and Matter - Polk School District Thermal Energy and Matter . Heat •Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a temperature](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5ab71f387f8b9a1a048e9335/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Calculating Specific Heat
• To release a diamond from its setting, a jeweler heats a 10.0-g
silver ring by adding 23.5 J of heat. How much does the temperature of the silver
increase?
![Page 18: 16.1: Thermal Energy and Matter - Polk School District Thermal Energy and Matter . Heat •Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a temperature](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5ab71f387f8b9a1a048e9335/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Calculating Specific Heat
• To release a diamond from its setting, a jeweler heats a 10.0-g silver ring by adding 23.5 J of heat. How much does the temperature of the silver increase?
∆T = Q / (m x c) = 23.5 J/(10.0 g × 0.235 J/g•°C)
= 10.0°C
![Page 19: 16.1: Thermal Energy and Matter - Polk School District Thermal Energy and Matter . Heat •Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a temperature](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5ab71f387f8b9a1a048e9335/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Calculating Specific Heat
• What mass of water will
change its temperature by 3.0°C when 525 J of
heat is added to it?
![Page 20: 16.1: Thermal Energy and Matter - Polk School District Thermal Energy and Matter . Heat •Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a temperature](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5ab71f387f8b9a1a048e9335/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Calculating Specific Heat
• What mass of water will change
its temperature by 3.0°C when 525 J of heat is added to it?
m = Q / (∆T x c) = 525 J/(3.0°C × 4.18 J/g•°C)
= 42 g
![Page 21: 16.1: Thermal Energy and Matter - Polk School District Thermal Energy and Matter . Heat •Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a temperature](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5ab71f387f8b9a1a048e9335/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Calculating Specific Heat
How many joules of heat are
needed to raise the temperature of 10g of aluminum from 22 C to
55 C, if the specific heat of aluminum is 0.90J/g C?
![Page 22: 16.1: Thermal Energy and Matter - Polk School District Thermal Energy and Matter . Heat •Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a temperature](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5ab71f387f8b9a1a048e9335/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Calculating Specific Heat
100g of 4 C water is heated until its temperature is 37 C. Calculate the amount of heat energy needed to cause this
rise in temperature.
![Page 23: 16.1: Thermal Energy and Matter - Polk School District Thermal Energy and Matter . Heat •Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a temperature](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5ab71f387f8b9a1a048e9335/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Calculating Specific Heat
How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 16g of iron from 25 C to
175 C?
![Page 24: 16.1: Thermal Energy and Matter - Polk School District Thermal Energy and Matter . Heat •Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a temperature](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022021510/5ab71f387f8b9a1a048e9335/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Calorimeter
An instrument used to measure changes in
thermal energy.