16 shellbrook chronicle and spiritwood herald

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Shellbrook Chronicle andShellbrook Chronicle andSpiritwood HeraldSpiritwood Herald

The debate over foods containing GMOs2 Shellbrook Chronicle and Spiritwood Herald Agriculture Edition September 26, 2014

The foods people eat and how those foods are grown and manu-factured has long been a topic of contention. Recently, the subject of genetically modified or-ganisms, or GMOs, has garnered its share of at-tention.

GMOs are organisms that have been altered via genetic engineer-ing. Foods that contain GMOs have been pro-duced in part in a labo-ratory by foreign genes from plants and ani-mals. While there are some people who say that foods containing GMOs are safe for con-sumption, others argue that that may not be the case, saying such foods create new, unintended toxic substances that could exacerbate aller-

gies and increase cancer risk.

Foods containing GMOs are largely crops that are modified us-ing the latest molecu-lar biology techniques. In the laboratory, cer-tain traits, such as in-creased resistance to herbicides or improved nutritional content, are enhanced. By modify-ing plant genetics, a scientist can isolate a particular gene that makes a crop drought-tolerant and increase its potency to make that crop thrive better in drought-stricken areas. Genes from one plant can also be transferred to another plant to cre-ate desired traits. If a particular gene is unsa-vory to certain insects, this gene can be put

into other crops to deter those insects.

In the past, crops were bred to feature specif-ic, desired traits with the hope that breeding two different flowering plants to form a hybrid would bring out the best features in both species. However, the process is time-consuming and genetic modification in the laboratory generally produces faster, less ex-pensive results.

Proponents of foods containing GMOs say that desired traits can be produced in these foods more readily, which is advantageous to the agriculture in-dustry by creating larg-er, more tolerant crops. In addition, GMOs may help crops become more resistant to disease, re-

ducing reliance on her-bicides and pesticides needed to fight disease. GMOs also may help certain crops grow bet-ter in colder climates and where soil condi-tions are salty.

But some environ-mental activists, pub-lic interest groups and even religious organiza-tions argue tampering with foods is not proper. In addition, such oppo-nents say the potentially harmful environmental and medical impact of laboratory-built crops warrants concern.

In 2000, a study pub-lished in the journal Na-ture found that pollen from a genetically mod-ified corn crop called B.t. corn caused high mortality rates in mon-arch butterfly caterpil-

lars. Unintented harm to other organisms liv-ing in close proximity to GMOs is a significant concern.

In addition, there is concern that foods that contain GMOs and those that do not may cross-breed and cre-ate super-plants. Such plants may become dis-ease- and herbicide-re-sistant, thusly choking out the intended crops. In June 2013, Mon-santo Co., the world’s largest seed company, was sued by an envi-ronmental group and a Washington farm over claims it failed to take steps to prevent geneti-cally altered wheat from contaminating regular wheat after Monsanto field-tested the modi-fied wheat in 16 states.

Another area of con-cern is the health im-plications of introduc-ing foreign genes into foods. The effect of such practices on the human body are largely un-known. Unexpected al-lergic reactions or even physical changes in the body may occur. Evi-dence as to the safety of GMOs is insufficient.

Many European na-tions have backed away from growing crops con-taining GMOs. Things in North America aren’t as cut and dry. Efforts are ongoing to have GMO ingredients listed on the labels of pack-aged foods produced in the United States, but no such labeling is pres-

ently required. That’s disconcerting to some, as there is a high likeli-hood that many of the packaged foods sold in the U.S. contain some GMOs.

The debate about foods containing GMOs figures to continue. Shoppers must de-termine whether they want to consume foods that contain genetically modified ingredients or they prefer natural al-ternatives.

Did you know that in Canada, an industry funded organization called CleanFARMS runs an empty pesticide container recycling pro-gram? More than 100 million containers have been recycled since 1989. These containers are recycled into new products that can be safely used back on the farm.

In addition, the plant science industry has collected and respon-sibly disposed of more than 1.9 million kilo-grams of obsolete pes-ticides from farms with the help of government and other stakeholders.

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Ag industry walks the

talk when it comes to recycling

September 26, 2014 Agriculture Edition Shellbrook Chronicle and Spiritwood Herald 3

Buying local benefits the environment, tooBuying local has many benefi ts. But while

consumers may know that buying local helps grow the local economy by supporting local business owners and creating jobs, they may not realize the positive impact that buying lo-cal can have on the environment as well.

Eco-conscious consumers often go to great lengths to ensure their money is being spent in an environmentally friendly way. But one of the easiest ways to be an eco-friendly con-sumer is to support local businesses, which tend to benefi t the environment in a variety of ways.

* Shopping locally reduces the environmen-tal impact of your purchases. When buying from a large national chain store, chances are the products you’re purchasing were pro-duced outside of your local community, often-times halfway across the globe. That means those products had to be shipped to reach the store shelves in your community. Such ship-ping leads to greater fuel consumption and air pollution. But local businesses often buy their supplies from other local businesses, cutting down on shipping and, as a result, benefi tting the environment.

* Local businesses often operate from the center of town. Local businesses typically need less space for their stores, which allows

them to set up shop right in the heart of town as opposed to on the town’s outskirts. That makes local businesses more accessible to community residents, who might be able to walk or take a short bike ride to smaller, lo-cal businesses. On the contrary, larger chains tend to diversify their offerings and, as a re-sult, need more space. This often pushes them to the fringes of towns, eliminating the possibility of walking to the store. That means consumers will have to drive to the store, increasing their fuel consumption and their carbon footprint as a result.

* Shopping locally employs your neighbors, reducing their carbon footprints as well. An-other benefi t to shopping locally that’s often overlooked is the impact it can have on your neighbors’ carbon footprint. Local businesses often employ members of the community, which translates to shorter commutes, less highway congestion and less fuel consump-tion. So while shopping locally reduces your carbon footprint, it’s also helping members of your community reduce their own potentially negative impact on the environment.

* Shopping locally can protect local wild-life. Many people prefer to buy locally grown foods because they feel such foods are more fresh and buying locally grown foods reduc-

es fuel consumption. Those things are true, but buying locally grown foods also can help protect local wildlife. When local farms can afford to stay in operation, local farmers are far less likely to sell their lands to develop-ers. That can help protect the habitats of local wildlife.

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Salute to the Farming Community

As it turns out, crops are good for more than just eating. Plant-based materials are emerging as excit-ing new replacements for products previously derived from non-renewable, petroleum-based resources such as plastics and polymers.

Today, companies are developing packaging, cloth-ing, carpets, bedding and other consumer goods from agricultural products like corn, a renewable and envi-ronmentally friendly alternative to petroleum.

Did you know that using corn sugar instead of petro-leum-based feedstock to create polymers, consumes 50 per cent less energy and reduces greenhouse gas emissions by 60 per cent? Many automobile parts can now also be made with plant materials, providing the added benefi t of weight reduction of about 20 per cent in some models, and helping to reduce fuel consump-tion.

It’s more than just food that comes from

the farm

Challenges facing farmers today and tomorrow4 Shellbrook Chronicle and Spiritwood Herald Agriculture Edition September 26, 2014

Though farming was once big business in the United States, by 2012 less than 1 percent of Americans were profes-sional farmers. Many challenges face today’s farmers, many of which are largely unknown to the general public.

Many people have an outdated view of a farm as a small, family-owned and operated parcel of land where livestock is raised in open pens and crops are hand-harvested when ripe. The reality is that mod-ern-day farms have had to overhaul operations to meet demand and remain competitively priced while adapting to the ever-changing ways technology infiltrates all parts of life. Each of these factors present ob-stacles for today’s farm-ers.

TechnologyRural farming com-

munities are expected to make an effort to in-tegrate modern tech-nology into an industry that has been around for centuries. But such a transition in rural areas, where communications

systems may not be as up-to-date as those in urban areas, is not al-ways so easy.

According to the Man-itoba Rural Adaptation Council, a shift from a resource-based to an in-formation-based econo-my, compounded by the rapid introduction and expansion of new tech-nology in the workplace, has altered farm op-eration and the skills in demand. Older workers who have been schooled in one way of agriculture may have a significant impact on labor supply and the vitality of farm-ing as a career. Younger adults who are knowl-edgeable in technology may no longer seek out agricultural careers.

Decrease in farming as an occupation

The United States En-vironmental Protection Agency says that only about 960,000 Ameri-cans claim farming as their principal occupa-tion. As that figure has dwindled, the average age of farmers continues to rise, as the Bureau of Labor Statistics notes that roughly 40 percent

of the farmers in this country are 55 years old or older. This has led to concerns about the long-term health of fam-ily farms throughout the United States.

Environmental con-cerns

Many farmers have come under scrutiny for how farming impacts the environment. A growing emphasis on sustain-ability and conservation has led many people to protest certain farm-ing practices. Protest-ers claim that certain practices, such as rais-ing livestock, can pollute water, while the use of fertilizers and chemi-cal pesticides is bad for the environment. Many farmers, however, have altered their methods to be more environmental-ly friendly and self-sus-tainable in the process.

Climate change is an-other environmental is-sue farmers must deal with. Strong storms and severe droughts have made farming even more challenging.

Financial fall-outThe ongoing recession

of the last half-decade

has also affected farm-ers. In November of 2012, the United States Bureau of Labor Sta-tistics indicated that the unemployment rate within the agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting industries was at 13.6 percent, far high-er than the national un-employment rate. As a result, many farm fami-lies have found them-selves stuck between a rock and a hard place, as rising costs for equip-

ment and technology are being coupled with de-creasing profits and ris-ing unemployment.

Further complicating matters is competition from corporations and international food pro-ducers who have made it difficult for family farmers to turn a signifi-cant profit. Many fam-ily farmers rely on loans and lines of credit to survive, but thanks to changes in the financial sector that saw banks

become less willing to extend lines of credit, some farmers are facing bankruptcy.

Though it can be easy for those who do not work in the agricul-tural industry to over-look the struggles fac-ing today’s agricultural professionals, a greater understanding of those struggles and the chal-lenges that lay ahead can benefit the industry and its employees down the road.

EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION

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Wetlands not only provide feeding and nesting sites for waterfowl and many other species, they also filter water, store greenhouse gases that can otherwise add to climate change, and reduce the impact of flooding and drought.

Canadian farmers are continually adopting innovative new technologies that help them produce more food on less land, which allows them to leave wetlands and other wildlife habitats untouched.

“Farmers play a huge role in con-serving wetlands because most of the habitat in Canada is on privately owned land,” says Paul Thorough-good, a regional agrologist with Ducks Unlimited Canada. “This means that farmers own it, manage it, and stew-

ard it, so they are vital to the preserva-tion – and most of that stewardship is voluntary.”

It’s often said that farmers are the original environmentalists. They de-pend entirely on the land for their livelihood and have continually dem-onstrated a commitment to protect-ing it and the surrounding ecosystems that support sustainable agricultural production.

“Conserving habitat is important for a lot of reasons,” Thoroughgood con-tinues.

“We know that for waterfowl and other wildlife that migrate north and south, a reliable habitat throughout their lifecycle is really important. If they’re missing any component of that, their populations can decline.”

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Fall harvest management and protecting feed

Fall weed control on fields planned for canola in 2015

Andre Bonneau, P.Ag.Regional Forage Specialist, Prince Albert Regional

Offi ceSaskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture

A lot of effort is placed on putting up good winter feed at a reasonable cost. It stands to reason that we should protect that crop, if only for the effort put into harvesting it. As well, the condition of the forage stand going into the winter will de-termine the vigour, the condition and ultimately the potential yield of the following forage crop. Here are a few things to think about protecting your forage harvest and managing your forage stand in the fall.

Harvest management:Perennial forage crops go through cycles of spending and

saving. In the spring, alfalfa and grasses will spend the car-bohydrates to grow and produce leaves and stems. The car-bohydrates were stored from the previous year. The plant will continue spending carbohydrates until leaf material has increased to a point where the plant can start producing and storing carbohydrates again. When alfalfa begins to fl ower or grass is going to head, we expect the plants have fi nished stor-ing carbohydrates. Each time a forage crop is cut or grazed, the cycle begins again.

The magic number in forages is 42. It generally takes 42 days, or six weeks, of normal growing conditions for a forage crop to recover from a cut and return to early bloom. Likewise, a forage crop should not be cut within 42 days of the fi rst kill-ing frost, especially if it contains alfalfa. In the Prince Albert Region, the fi rst killing frost is generally in the third week of September.

If a second cut is expected, the fi rst cut would be completed in late June or early July. For example, if the fi rst cut is com-pleted on July 5th, the second cut can be expected around Au-gust 16th.In this case, the rule of 42 would apply and the risk of yield and vigour loss is acceptable. Exceptionally good growing conditions or poor conditions will shorten or lengthen the har-vest interval.

Some producers put cattle out on the hay fi eld in the fall to graze regrowth. The rule of 42 applies to grazing as it does haying, heavy grazing activity after mid-August can potentially affect yield the following year. Light grazing, meanwhile, may not affect performance as cattle wouldn’t“harvest” the hay as thoroughly as a haybine would.

Once the killing frost has passed, regrowth will be limited and future yields will be minimally affected.

Protecting feed from the weather:

Protecting feed from the weather is essentially protecting it from moisture. We want moisture to run off the bale and dry up as quickly as possible. Avoid creating places where snow and water can accumulate. We also want to store bales on sur-faces where water will run off quickly. Higher ground with a porous base such as sand and gravel are preferred but any place where water doesn’t pool and soak up into the bale will do.

The most effective way to store hay would be to place in single rows about 50 centimeters apart. Stacking bales, especially in a pyramid, tends to pool and accumulate water and snow into the stack. Water entering the stack will be slow to dry and ulti-mately cause molding and feed degradation.

The “mushroom” style of stacking works well if all the bales will be used before spring thaw. If you’re not familiar with the mushroom style, it’s where one bale is placed on end and an-other bale is stacked above it in its side. The style is good in that it doesn’t give water and snow a place to accumulate. However, because the base bale is on its fl at side, the hay tends to absorb more moisture from the soil than it would on its side.

For more information on fall harvest management and stor-ing feed over winter, contact Andre Bonneau at 306 953-2361 or the Agriculture Knowledge Centre at 306-866-457-2377.

Take these steps to con-trol fall weeds and avoid herbicide carryover dam-age in fi elds planned for canola in 2015:

Step 1: Assess fi elds for weed presence. If you fi nd narrow-leaved hawk’s beard, stork’s bill, sow thistle, other tough winter annuals, or perennials like dandelion or Canada this-tle, they are best sprayed this fall. You may not get good control next spring when these weeds have less leaf area to target early on, have a more estab-lished root system, and are moving energy out of (in-stead of into) root systems.

Step 2: Once problem weeds are identifi ed, de-termine whether they are

winter annuals or peren-nials and likely to be still present next spring. If they are, then you should spray. If they are mainly annu-als and signifi cant further seed set is unlikely before freeze up, leaving them untreated to die through the winter is probably the most economical choice.

Step 3: If you decide to spray, the list of fall-applied products is fairly short for fi elds that will be in canola next year. (See the Further Reading link below.) Glyphosate is one choice but there are a few others. Talk to your re-tailer or agronomist about the best products for spe-cifi c target weeds and their sizes, and be sure to spec-

ify that you intend to seed canola on those acres next year.

Step 4: Warmer temper-atures and bright sunshine improve herbicide activity.

Apply glyphosate and other systemic herbicides during the heat of day when perennial weeds are actively growing and put-ting energy into their roots.

Step 5: Before spraying, make sure weeds are ac-tively growing with new supple leaf area to target. Weeds cut off at harvest need time to accumulate new leaf tissues that will act as suitable surfaces for absorption of herbicides applied post-harvest. Even with the recommended to wait for 4 to 6 weeks of re-

growth, leaf surface area is still only a fraction of what it was prior to harvest. Therefore glyphosate rates

may need to increase by 2 to 3 times to get the same concentration of glypho-sate in the plant. If frost is

predicted or has occurred, avoid application until leaf condition of the target weeds can be evaluated.

• Aggregate Hauling • Grain & Fertilizer Hauling• Excavating • Tractor Service • Liquid Fertilizer Hauling

~ 24 Hours ~• Fax: (306) 747-4324 Cell: (306) 747-9322

• Email: [email protected]

Scott Galloway, Owner

We salute the many fi ne folks in the farming industry!

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For more information, please contact Cargill Canwood at 306-468-2123.

Cargill Feature Focus

At Cargill, we pride ourselves on providing outstanding products and services, and look forward to working with new and returning customers this season.We welcome you to visit our Canwood location this Fall for all your grain and crop input needs.

For more information, please contactCargill Canwood at306-468-2123

Straight combining Canola - success factors6 Shellbrook Chronicle and Spiritwood Herald Agriculture Edition September 26, 2014

Here are factors that create the ideal situa-tion for straight com-bining canola:

Knitted crop. The crop should be well knitted and slightly lodged to reduce poten-tial seed loss through pod shelling and drop. If a large proportion of the plants appear to move independently in the wind, they will be at higher risk for shat-tering loss as the plants senesce and dry down.

Pod integrity. If a lot of pods have been dam-aged by frost, drought,

hail or insect dam-age, this may not be a good candidate field for straight combin-ing. Hail will typically cause more damage to a standing crop than a swathed crop.

Uniform growth stage. A uniform crop with all plants drying down at the same rate makes straight combin-ing easier to time.

Minimal green weed growth. Weeds may stay green longer, and make straight combin-ing much more onerous on the combine. Green

material may also end up in the hopper, in-creasing the storage risk.

Low disease. The crop should be rela-tively free from black-leg, sclerotinia stem rot, clubroot and alter-naria, as these diseases can result in prema-ture ripening, which increases shattering losses.

Low frost risk. Cano-la seed is at significant risk for fall frost dam-age until seed mois-ture drops below 20%. This moisture drop will take much lon-ger in a standing crop, and as such, late ma-turing crops are poor candidates for straight cutting. They will be much more vulnerable to yield loss, and to downgrading from frost damage when standing.

Swathing may be pre-ferred over straight combining when crop is:

-Immature with an el-evated frost risk

-Uneven with regard

to staging-Heavy with green

weed growth or crop re-growth

Additional consid-erations that may re-duce the risk of straight combining:

-Short, severely lodged, or excessive-ly branched canopies

may be candidates for straight combining be-cause if swathed there would be minimal stub-ble left to anchor the swaths from moving with wind. In this situ-ation growers should consider the potential for wind damage to the swath relative to shat-

tering risk if left stand-ing.

-The grower has ap-propriate combine equipment for straight combining, and some operator experience.

-The crop is a variety with increased shatter-ing tolerance and lodg-ing resistance.

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Thank you to all the farmers and ranchers for a good year. I wish you

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Greg Olson Ph: 306-747-2990 Cell: 306-747-8148Derek 306-747-9114

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Salute to the farmerswho produce the best food, brave harsh weather and work long hours

CATTLE SALES EVERY TUESDAYPrince Albert

Pre-Sort Sales for All Breeds & Classes Tues., Oct. 7 - Pre-Sort Internet Sale 11 a.m.

Tues., Oct. 21- Pre-Sort Internet Sale 11 a.m.Fri., Oct. 24 - Red-Black Hided Pre-Sort 11 a.m.Tues., Oct. 28 - Pre-Sort Internet Sale 11 a.m.Tues., Nov. 4 - Pre-Sort Internet Sale 11 a.m.

Tues., Nov. 11 - Pre-Sort Internet Sale 12 NoonTues., Nov. 18 - Pre-Sort Internet Sale 11 a.m.Tues., Dec. 2 - Pre-Sort Internet Sale 11 a.m.Tues., Dec. 9 - Pre-Sort Internet Sale 11 a.m.Tues., Dec. 16 - Pre-Sort Internet Sale 11 a.m.

Thurs., Nov. 20 - Bred Cow & Heifer Sale 12 NoonThurs., Dec. 4 - Bred Cow & Heifer Sale 12 Noon

Thurs., Dec. 11 - Pen of 5 Bred Heifer Show & Sale& Bred Cow EXTRAVAGANZA- Show 10 a.m. Sale 12 Noon -

Thurs., Dec. 18 - Bred Cow & Heifer Sale 12 Noon

Fri., Oct. 10 - Pre-Sort Sheep & Goat Sale 11 a.m.All Sheep & Goats must be Pre-Booked & in the yards

by 8 p.m. Thursday for Weighing & Sorting~ Regular Horse & Tack Sale 5:30 p.m. ~

Fri. Nov. 7 - Pre-Sort Sheep & goat Sale 11 a.m.All Sheep & Goats must be Pre-Booked & in the yards

by 8 p.m. Thursday for Weighing & Sorting~ Regular Horse & Tack Sale 5:30 p.m. ~

We accept cattle for our Pre-Sort SalesSunday, 10 a.m. - 8 p.m. & Monday 8 a.m. - 4 p.m.

for your convenience

Bred Cow & Heifer Sales

All Cows & Heifers must be in yards by 12 Noon Wednesday for Testing

Specialty Sales

Branch Manager: Glen Smith 306-960-4732Auctioneer/Sales: Brennin Jack 306-981-2430

Offi ce: 306-763-8463

8 Shellbrook Chronicle and Spiritwood Herald Agriculture Edition September 26, 2014

Hwy. #3, Kinistino 306-864-3667David H ...............................306-921-7896Jim ......................................306-864-8003Kelly ....................................306-961-4742David J. ...............................306-864-7603

SPRAYER DEPT.Mike ....................................306-921-5070

PRECISION FARMING DEPT.Brad ....................................306-864-2660

Hwy. #5, Humboldt306-682-9920

Perry ...................................306-231-3772Shane ..................................306-231-5501

Hwy. #2 S., Prince Albert306-922-2525

Brent ...................................306-232-7810Aaron ..................................306-960-7429Tyler ....................................306-749-7115

SPRAYER & GPS DEPT.Chris ...................................306-960-6519

Visit www.farmworld.ca for our full inventory

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2005 NEW HOLLAND CR970#HN2643C. 1,805 HRS.

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$169,0002009 New Holland CR9070#PN3019C.WAS $256,000

$189,0002008 New Holland CR9070#HN3180B.WAS $195,000

$175,0002008 New Holland CR9070#PN3017D.WAS $229,000

$175,0002008 New Holland CR9070#PN3018D.WAS $229,000

$175,000

2006 New Holland CR970#HN3133A.WAS $160,000

$139,0002005 John Deere 9760#N22081B.WAS $152,000


$99,0001999 New Holland TR99#HN2643D.WAS $72,500

$55,000

2012 Honey Bee SP36 ONLY 3 IN STOCK!#HW3384A. WAS $69,000

$62,0002011 MacDon D60ONLY 2 IN STOCK!#PW3259A. WAS $75,500

$68,000

2006 Honey Bee SP36#HW3362A. WAS $40,000

$36,0002004 New Holland 94C#HW3359A. WAS $34,500

$29,900

1997 MacDon 960#PW2723D.WAS $22,900

$19,0001996 New Holland 971#N21873G.WAS $4,900

$4,500

COMBINE & HEADERSALES EVENT!

Farm World has REDUCED PRICES on New & Pre-owned Headers & Combines. Warranty available on some units.

ALMOST 45% OFF SELECT UNITS. ALL CASH DEALS!

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SOLD!

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*For commercial use only. Customer participation subject to credit qualifi cation and approval by CNH Industrial Capital America LLC or CNH Industrial Capital Canada Ltd. See your participating New Holland dealer for details and eligibility requirements. Down payment may be required. Offer good through November 30, 2014. Not all customers or applicants may qualify for this rate or term. CNH Industrial Capital America LLC or CNH Industrial Capital Canada Ltd. standard terms and conditions will apply. This transaction will be unconditionally interest free. Example - 0.00% per annum for a total contract term of 72 months: Based on a retail contract date of September 15, 2014 with a suggested retail price on a new BR7050 Round Baler of C$27,005.00, customer provides down payment of C$5,405.00 and fi nances the balance of C$21,600.00 at 0.00% per annum for 72 months. There will be 72 equal

monthly installment payments of C$300.00 each. The total amount payable will be C$27,005.00, which includes fi nance charges of C$0.00. Taxes, freight, setup, delivery, additional options or attachments not included in sug-gested retail price. Offer subject to change or cancellation without notice. © 2014 CNH Industrial America LLC. All rights reserved. New Holland is a trademark registered in the United States and many other countries, owned by or licensed to CNH Industrial N.V., its subsidiaries or affi liates. CNH Industrial Capital is a trademark in the United States and many other countries, owned by or licensed to CNH Industrial N.V., its subsidiaries or affi liates.

N22229A. 440 HRS, 415 SEP HRS, 400 HP, 16’ SWATHMASTER PU, MAV CHPR, DIFF LOCK, HID LIGHTS, DLX PSD NH CHPR, INTELLISTEER READY. WAS $317,000

NOW $229,000

2010NEW

HOLLAND CR9070

N20343B. 1647 HRS, 900 FR TIRES,600 REAR TIRES, CRARY BIG TOP, LONG AUGER, LUX NH CHOPPER, Y&M, 76’

RAKEUP. WAS $132,500

NOW $119,000

2005NEW

HOLLAND CR970

N21483B. 1888 HRS, 370HP, DEL CAB, HDR LIF, CD PLAYER, COOLANT HEATER, BEACONS, CONCAVE AWNING PLATES, SERVICE LIGHT, 540/65R30 REAR, 20.8R42 DUALS, SL FAN BOTTOM SHIELD, REDEKOP CHPPR. WAS $178,000

NOW $148,000

2006NEW

HOLLAND CR970

HN3373A. 1068 HRS, 816 SEP HRS, TIRES DIS 620/70R42, AUTO GUIDANCE NAV II, AXLE EXT., AXLE DIFF LOCK,

LIGHTING HID, INTELLICRUISE, INTELLISTEER READY, FULL AUTO GUIDANCE, W/ 790CP HEADER 15’. WAS $335,000

NOW $299,000 CASH

2011NEW

HOLLAND CR9090

PN2892A. 965 HRS, 691 SEP HRS, HD LIFT PACKAGE FF, YIELD MON PKG FF, REINF STEER AXLE, STD ELEV CR9070, STD HYD NA CR9070, 900/65R32

FRONT TIRES, 620/65 REAR TIRES. WAS $188,000

NOW $169,000

2009NEW

HOLLAND CR9070

HN2991A. 1053 HRS, 826 SEP HRS, LGHTG. HID, LONG UN-LOADING AUGER, NH STRAW CHOPPER DELUXE, AXLE DIFF

LOCK, 14’ 76C NH PICKUP, INTELLIVIEW PLUS 2 DISPLAY, Y&M, 900/60R32 FRONT, 600/65R28 REAR. WAS $265,000

NOW $205,000

2009NEW

HOLLAND CR9080

HN3146A. 885 HRS, 710 SEP HRS, 790CP 16’ PU HEADER, STRAW CHOPPER DELUXE NH, AXLE DIFF LOCK, 620/70R42 DUALS, 600/65R28 REAR, AUGER LONG UNLOADING, AXLE POWER REAR WHEEL DRIVE, Y&M W/GPS. WAS $285,000

NOW $259,000 CASH

2011NEW

HOLLAND CR9080

PN3014B. 566 HRS, 440 SEP HRS, ROTORS, 620/70R42 DUALS, 28L-26 REAR TIRES, LUX CAB,AUTOSTEER 262, LARGE SCREEN ,WIDE

SPREAD CHOPPER S/N #RM21017. WAS $463,000

NOW $299,000 CASH

2011 NEW

HOLLAND CR9080

PN3015B. 554 HRS, 438 SEP HRS, 620/70R42 DUALS, 28L-26 12PR R1, AXLE EXTENSIONS, 30” PLATFORM EX-

TENSIONS, 4HB FIELD SPEED HEADER DRIVE, FEEDER HD WLF, VARIABLE SPEED TERRAIN TRACK. WAS $463,000

NOW $299,000 CASH

2011NEW

HOLLAND CR9080

PN2493B. 330 HRS, 950 SEP HRS, 76C14W HEADER, MICHEL’S TARP, STRW-EL DRV 3HB/4HB, REINF STEER AXLE, STD ELEVATORS, SMALL GRAIN

SIEVE, STD HYD NA+F/A+LF, ROTOR DRV DUAL H SPD, TW900/60R32 LI176 R1, SW600/65R28 LI147 R1, GOODYEAR. WAS $137,000

NOW $109,000

2004NEW

HOLLAND CR960

N22195A. 541 HRS, 426 SEP HRS, 591 HSP, 2WD, 350 TANK, STANDARD CHOPPER

REAR ATTACH, 30” STEERING TIRE, 520/85R42 DUALS, GPS. WAS $374,000

NOW $305,000 CASH

2012NEW

HOLLAND CR9090

PN2872D. 2532 HRS, 1956 SEP HRS, 76C 14’ RAKE UP HEADER, 900 TIRES, YIELD/

MOISTURE, PSP CHOPPER. WAS $129,500

NOW $92,000

2004NEW

HOLLAND CR960

HN3179B. 1766 HRS, 1368 SEP HRS, 20.8R42 DU-ALS, REDEKOPP CHPPR, 2ND RUBBAR SET, AXLE

EXTENSIONS, GRAIN TANK COVER, HID LIGHT-ING, AUGER LONG UNLOADING. WAS $195,000

$175,000

2008NEW

HOLLANDCR9070

N22081B . 2478 HRS, 1834 SEP HRS, LIGHTS SERVICE, TOUCHSET, AUGER 22.5’ UNLOADING HIGH CAP, 615 PICKUP, Y&M,

800/70R38 SINGLES. WAS $152,000

NOW $137,000

2005JOHN DEERE

9760 STS

N22200A. 953 HRS, 751 SEP HRS, 350 TANK, 900 DRIVES, REDEKOPP MAV CHOPPER,HID LGHTG,LARGE

TOUCH SCREEN, PW7 SWATHMASTER PU HEAD, LONG, UNLOADING AUGER, 900 TIRES. WAS $317,000

NOW $229,000

2011NEW

HOLLAND CR9070

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Kubota M135X (2011) CAH, 4wd, Loader, 2200 hrs ....................$76,000Kubota M110X (2012) CAH, 4wd, Loader, 1200 hrs ....................$64,900Kubota M125X (2006) CAH, 4wd, Loader, 6000 hrs ...................$41,900Kubota SVL90 (2012) track loader, CAH, 90 hp, 1800 hrs ...........$54,900

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Residue management starts at the combine

Career opportunities in agriculture are endless

Spread cereal residue evenly and chop it well to improve seed placement next spring.

An important factor in canola stand establishment next spring is the crop residue situation this fall. An even mat of cereal residue is preferable to clumpy distribution that can affect drill performance, seed survival and overall crop uni-formity next year. Fall is the best time to make sure residue is spread evenly. A properly adjusted com-bine straw chopper and spreader is key, and may eliminate the need for harrowing or stubble burning.

While combining cereals, take a look at the spread pattern. Does it cover the full width of the combine header?

Adjust straw chopper spreader vanes as needed.

Make sure straw chopper knives are sharp. This will create smaller pieces that spread better and don’t

clump as much.Straw cut height is another con-

sideration. Cutting a little higher means less

residue on the soil surface. It can also speed up the harvest process if it means putting less material through the combine.

If harrowing to fi x poor distribu-tion from the combine, note that aggressive harrowing can often rip out standing stubble, which is actu-ally the best kind of crop residue. Standing stubble holds the snow, prevents soil erosion and is off the soil surface and out of the way for drill openers. Chopping down all the standing stubble just adds to the mat of residue on the soil sur-face.

Real Agriculture has a video called “Managing Residue Key to No-Till Wheat Planting,” with tips that can benefi t canola seeding next spring.

In this day and age, we may have to go back several generations to find someone in our family who lived and worked on a farm.

In 1931, one in three Canadians lived on a farm. Today, it’s just one in 46. Agriculture, however, is a cutting-edge industry with a diversity of career op-portunities that many of us might not be aware of.

A third-generation Saskatchewan farmer, Margaret Hansen, says that her love of the farm started at a very young age. She knew

early on that she want-ed to be involved in ag-riculture.

She earned a bachelor of science in agricul-ture with a specializa-tion in soil science, and afterwards she worked in the petroleum in-dustry as an environ-mental consultant but says she was destined to return to agricul-ture. “The land always called to me and 11 years later I returned to my family farm.

I feel very fortunate to operate a business that I love in such a dy-namic industry.”

As Hansen points

out, agriculture en-compasses so much more than farming. Think about the scien-tists working behind the scenes to develop a new crop protec-tion product to defend crops against an insect threat. And think about the researchers devel-oping new biotech-derived crops that can fight disease or have improved nutritional value. Consider the sales, marketing and communications peo-ple talking about the technology and selling the products.

A career in agricul-

ture can lead to being a cell biologist, a chem-ist, an aerial pesticide applicator, a geneti-cist, an agri-business manager, a seed-pack-ing plant operator, a

plant biotechnologist, or a lab technician. The list of opportunities is almost endless.

In Canada, agricul-ture is a $70 billion industry each year and

it accounts for one in every eight jobs across the country. Not only is it vital to producing a safe and abundant food supply, it is also a key driver of our economy.

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Cam Dahl, President, Cereals Canada

A national pollster once told me that “Canadians re-ally like farmers, but they don’t always like what farm-ers do.” He followed that up by noting that the second half of the statement was the more important part, and that it is the agriculture industry’s responsibility to address the misinformation circulating about modern day farming. Misinforma-tion, unfortunately, is large contributor to Canadian opinion.

The majority of consumers have become disconnected from the reality of modern day agriculture. The picture they have in mind as the “right” way to do it seems to come out of the 1930s. Farm-

ing practices from that era are seen by many as idyllic, pure and healthy. Converse-ly, farms that don’t conform to this image are viewed as somehow unhealthy or un-sustainable.

This view is inaccurate, but an opinion does not have to be right to have infl uence. Food companies and mar-keters know this, and the skewed view of what agricul-ture is, and what some think it should be, is a big driver behind many of the food fads we see today.

Urban consumers in our cities (or even our small towns) don’t see the eco-nomic powerhouse that ag-riculture has become. They don’t realize that modern agriculture is on the cutting edge of science and technol-

ogy. They don’t understand the benefi ts of precision ag-riculture. They don’t know about the environmental advancements farmers have made since the dust bowls of the dirty ‘30s.

We need to do a much bet-ter job of telling agriculture’s story. And by “we” I mean every part of the value chain, including crop developers, farmers, grain companies and food companies.

Part of telling our story is having the facts to back things up. People are bom-barded with “facts” today – but many of these facts are not all that factual. Consum-ers can’t be blamed for ask-ing us to prove our claims of environmental sustainabil-ity and food safety. Ronald Reagan made the phrase

“trust but verify” famous. While we are not talking about nuclear disarmament, we do need to honour the trust our customers have placed in us and be prepared to demonstrate why Cana-dian agriculture has a well-deserved reputation for safe food sustainably produced.

Farmers are integral in telling agriculture’s story. I know many producers wince when they hear words like “sustainability” and “veri-fi cation”. But these are not swear words invented in some downtown offi ce and they are not designed to sim-ply increase farmers’ paper-work and costs. It’s quite the opposite – these are tools that Canadian agriculture will need to maintain mar-kets and continue to attract

a strong premium from do-mestic and international customers.

The industry, including farmers, is working on this issue through the newly formed Canadian Round-table for Sustainable Crops. This roundtable includes all parts of the agriculture value chain. The goal of all those involved is to add value to Canadian agricultural pro-duction. Farm groups from coast-to-coast are at the table and are able to provide feedback on the work being done to any of their mem-bers who are interested. This is an important issue for individual farmers, and I encourage you to become directly involved.

I am proud of the Canadian agricultural record. Modern

practices like minimum and zero tillage conserve soil and water and help deliver a crop in drought conditions that would have been considered a disaster a generation or two ago. Modern precision agriculture helps ensure that fertilizer and crop pro-tection chemicals are not wasted by running into our streams and rivers. The sci-ence behind plant breeding techniques is truly cutting edge and will help meet the demands of a growing world population. Canada’s science based regulatory system is envied around the world and is a key reason why consum-ers can have confi dence in the food that we grow. This is the story that needs to be told. This is the story you need to help tell.

Sustainability - it is not a four letter word

Canada invests in livestock geneticsThe federal government is investing in developing

new markets around the world for Canada’s dairy, sheep and goat sectors.

On Wednesday, Federal Agriculture Minister Gerry Ritz announced $1.6 million in funding for the Cana-dian Livestock Genetics Association to increase the sale and export of dairy genetics by 10 per cent by 2015.

“Our Government remains committed to support-ing the agricultural sector through strategic invest-ments to grow markets both nationally and interna-

tionally,” explained Ritz. “This investment will help the dairy and small ruminant genetics industry open up new global markets and promote Canadian prod-ucts to ensure the long-term sustainability of the in-dustry.”

Through promotion, training and education, the Canadian Livestock Genetics Association will work to make Canada a genetics leader in the global market-place.

“The Canadian Livestock Genetics Association (CLGA) applauds Minister Ritz for his continued

support and investment in growing livestock genetic exports,” said Michael Hall, Executive Director for the Canadian Livestock Genetics Association. “The partnership between CLGA and Agriculture and Ag-ri-Food Canada allowed CLGA and its members to develop new markets and grow the total market to over $123 million. This in turn provides revenue op-portunities to 12,750 dairy producers and more than 1,000 sheep breeders and 450 goat breeders across Canada.”

...showcasing the best in the fi eld

Agriculture...

Check for disease, plant counts, weeds and other factors that will help with planning for next year.

1. Assess the disease situation, but scout ac-curately. Check patches of pre-mature ripened canola before or dur-ing swathing. Use the Canola Diagnostic Tool at http://www.cano-ladiagnostictool.ca/ to help identify the cause. It could be blackleg, clubroot, sclerotinia stem rot, root rot or something else entire-ly. With an accurate ID, growers can use this information to plan ro-tations and update fun-gicide decision-making for next year.

2. Consider the dis-ease situation when choosing varieties. Do you need all clubroot resistant varieties next year? Has blackleg be-come a yield limiting problem again, and what does that mean for your variety selec-tion? Start asking local seed reps for the vari-eties and traits you’re looking for.

If you’re not in a tra-ditional clubroot area but you want a clubroot resistant variety, this may be a good time to place the order so the seed company can plan to bring something in for you.

3. Recognize what is-sues were agronomic and what were environ-mental. Excess mois-ture caused problems all season long, espe-cially in the eastern Prairies.

In many cases, the ability to apply good agronomic practices was overshadowed by just too much rain. Be-fore changing practices for next year, consider whether the problem was something you could have managed better or just the result of bad weather.

4. Evaluate variety performance. Did va-rieties perform as ex-pected? When compar-ing yield performance for different varieties on the farm, make fair comparisons. Seed-ing date, soil moisture, field topography, crop

rotation and residual soil nutrients are all factors that can influ-ence yield — even when comparing fields seed-ed to the same variety and given the same treatments.

5. Manage residue with the combine. Spreading residue evenly across the field is critical for accurate and consistent canola seed placement next spring.

If the combine didn’t do a good job, harrow-ing dry straw is an op-tion — but it’s a poor second choice.

6. Identify weeds be-fore making fall weed control decisions. Post harvest is a good time to control winter annu-als, biennials and pe-rennials.

Note which products are registered and rec-ommended for fall use ahead of canola.

7. Manage volunteer canola. Canola crops leave an average of 2-3 bushels per acre of seed in the field, or at least 20 times the seeding rate. Swaths flipped and rolled by heavy

winds can increase this number significantly. Leaving seeds undis-turbed so they germi-nate in the fall or get eaten by birds and in-sects is a good way to reduce the volunteer seedbank. When tillage is necessary, hold off for a few weeks if pos-sible to allow predation and seed germination before seeds are buried. Also keep in mind that burying the seed can induce seed dormancy, keeping that canola seed viable longer, pos-sibly for years.

8. Count stems after harvest. Crops that got off to a poor start, with low counts and uneven emergence, are of-ten the ugliest looking crops at harvest. Take harvest plant counts in good and bad fields and relate those counts to pest management is-sues through the year, harvest timing, quality issues, and yield.

9. Do a fall soil test. With soil analysis re-sults in hand before winter, growers have more time to plan their fertilizer program for next year, to order

fertilizer, and to take advantage of reduced pricing opportunities that may occur. For fall results that most close-ly predict spring re-sidual levels, the ideal time is to take samples when soil temperatures

drop below 7°C.10. Sample soil for

clubroot. If you suspect fields may be at risk for clubroot but you haven’t seen any dam-age in canola field, you can test soil for pres-ence of clubroot DNA.


Top 10 considerations to prep for next year

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Man, snow?! Snow doesn’t do as much damage to standing canola as the frost that comes with it. If frost is light, moisture from the snow might actu-ally provide canola with some protection.

Frost risk. Swath-ing before 60% seed colour change will re-duce yield, but heavy frost will reduce yield, too. If growers have a lot of fields to swath and if heavy frost is forecast, growers may opt to swath the earli-est fields ahead of the frost — even if they’re not at 60% seed colour change — as a way to balance risk.

Harvest losses. You’ve taken care of your canola all season long. Set the combine carefully so profit goes in the bin, not on the ground.

While you wait… Cool weather and slow co-lour change can make for agonizing waits. While champing at the bit, do a disease check, count plants and prep the combine.

Canola watch

Agriculture...an industry that cultivates

more than fi elds.

Tips for prospective horse owners14 Shellbrook Chronicle and Spiritwood Herald Agriculture Edition September 26, 2014

Children often dream of waking up one morn-ing and fi nding their own horse or pony in their yards. Some people are able to make this dream a reality and own these beautiful animals.

Whether raising a horse for pleasure or profession, it is impor-tant to know that caring for horses can be labor-intensive. The reward for properly taking care of a horse is a healthy and well-trained animal. But horse ownership is a sig-nifi cant and expensive responsibility, so it is im-portant that prospective owners understand what they are getting into be-fore they make any fi nal decisions.

BreedThe fi rst to consider

when mulling horse ownership is the breed. If you are unfamiliar with horses, it is best to

research different breeds online and visit horse breeders and owners. Perhaps workers at a sta-ble or farm nearby can guide your choice. There also are forums devoted to horses and care. Some recommended breeds for fi rst-time owners include quarter horses, paints, and morgans. However, all horses are individuals and may have their own unique personality traits.

Acreage and housingHorses are large ani-

mals and will need room to exercise and roam. They require a corral or pasture to stretch their legs, so a potential horse owner will need a rela-tively large property to give a horse the space it needs. In addition to the corral, the horse will re-quire a shelter from the elements. A shed or sta-ble should be at least 10 to 12 feet in both width

and length. The height of the stable should be a minimum of 8 feet. This stable will provide shel-ter in both the cold and heat.

When establishing a pasture, be sure it is fenced in with a highly visible fence that is tall enough so that the horse cannot easily jump it. The fence should be clearly visible so the horse does not mistak-enly try to go through it, risking entanglement or injury.

FeedingThe average saddle

horse weighs roughly 1,000 pounds if not more. The animal can eat anywhere from 17 to 26 pounds of feed per day. Feed is a combination of grain, hay and pasture, but salt also should be made available to the horse. If the weather prevents grazing, sup-plemental hay will be needed.

Keep in mind hay bails can weigh up to 85 pounds. They also will take up considerable space. This is something that needs to be factored into the space require-ment for a horse.

Feed and water troughs can be purchased at live-stock supply stores or be made from repurposed buckets and barrels. Horses need plenty of fresh water to drink and the water trough should be checked and cleaned regularly to maintain a sanitary environment.

Tack and saddlesDepending on how you

use the horse, you will need saddles, reins, bits, stirrups, cinches, spurs, ropes, and collars. Sad-dle bags and cushions may be needed if you will be on the horse for long periods of time. If a horse tack retailer is not nearby, many items can be ordered online and shipped to your home.

In addition, pitchforks, shovels, brushes and grooming supplies will be needed to keep the stable and horse clean and comfortable.

ManureA large animal who eats

several pounds of food per day will produce a lot of waste. It’s key to have a plan in place to manage manure. You may want to convert manure into organic fertilizer. Check to see if there is a way to dispose of manure in your area or donate it to be used for gardening or vegetable cooperatives. Some people will pur-chase manure to use in their private landscapes. Establish a strategy for manure usage or dispos-al before buying a horse, as manure can accumu-late rapidly and attract fl ies and other insects.

Veterinary careResearch and develop

a relationship with a vet-erinarian prior to pur-chasing a horse. Horses require routine vaccina-tions and examinations, and deworming is nec-essary to control inter-

nal parasites. Hooves will need to be trimmed regularly, so it behooves owners to establish a re-lationship with a quali-fi ed farrier. The vet may recommend farriers in your area.

Horses are magnifi cent

animals that can bring joy and companionship. But those interested in owning a horse must rec-ognize that such owner-ship is a signifi cant re-sponsibility unlike more traditional pet owner-ship.

SPIRITWOOD STOCKYARSPIRITWOOD STOCKYARDSDSOffice: 306-883-2168

(1984) Ltd.

Regular Sales Every Wednesday @ 9:00 a.m.

All sales are live on real time internet, exposing your cattle to a wider range of cattle buyers

Show Pen Sales of Yearlings & Calves Every SaleOctober - 1, 8, 15, 22, 29November - 5, 12, 19, 26

December - 3, 10, 17Cow Sales - Book your Herd Dispersals

Come show pen with US! Save on shrink, put more dollars in your pocket. Spiritwood Stockyards

show pens promote healthier cattle that feedlots are looking for.

For all your livestock marketing needs Call Brian 306-883-2168; 306-883-7375; 306-883-3044

Fred Walter 306-883-7368visit us at www.spiritwoodstockyards.ca

Wayne’s Trailer Repair & SalesWayne’s Trailer Repair & SalesSpecializing in Specializing in

Aluminum WeldingAluminum WeldingSGI ClaimsSGI Claims

Ph: 306-497-2767Ph: 306-497-2767Blaine Lake, SK Email: [email protected]

For all your Grain and Fertilizer Hauling needs.Now Also Available 53’ Step Deck.

Contact Rocky CoutureCell (306)468-7872 or (306)724-2176

Rocky Road Trucking Ltd. Debden, SK

Call for Fall Pricing on Stock Homes

Located Hwy. 2 South, Prince AlbertToll Free: 1-800-249-3969 • www.medallion-homes.com

Call About Our Shellbrook Properties with your choice of home starting at $149,900

All our homes are backed by the Progressive Home Warranty 10 Year Program. We have qualifi ed sales, service, and setup people to ensure your purchase

is an enjoyable experience.Visit our offi ce in Prince Albert, we would love to

meet you. We have a variety of different fl oor plans and options that will suit your families needs.

Fast Genetics is a leading international swine genetics company, based in Spiritwood, Saskatchewan, who owes much of its success to its progressive, enthusiastic, and professional team of employees. Fast Genetics is currently seeking to fi ll the following position:

Swine Production Technician - Full TimeThis position will include the following responsibilities and day-to-day functions: Performing specifi c department duties; daily health checks; ensuring feed and water systems are working properly; performing minor maintenance tasks and washing empty pens and prepping rooms for animal entry. The successful candidate should possess the following qualifi cations: Self-motivation; Good work ethic; Team player; previous livestock experience; driver’s license; College certifi cate or other specialized training in agriculture orlivestock husbandry with 1-2 years of experience would be an asset, but not a requirement, as on the job training is provided. Wages range from $12.50 -$19.50/hr and is based on the successful candidate’s experience and qualifi cations. Fast Genetics offers a comprehensive benefi t plan including health, dental, disability, group life insurance, and a registered pension plan. To fi nd out if our company may be a part of your future plans, please submit your resume to:

Fast Genetics Inc. Box 903, Spiritwood, SK S0J 2M0 Fax: 306-883-2060

Apply online at www.fastgenetics.com or e-mail to [email protected]

“premium pig genetics from people you can count on”We thank all applicants, however, only those under consideration will be contactedww

Pesticides and plant biotechnology help farmers do more with existing farmland, which in turn helps to protect biodiversity. Without these tools, did you know that Canadian farmers would need to turn 37 million more acres into agricultural land to generate the same productivity they do today? This is roughly equal to the total cropped acreage of Saskatchewan, or four times the cropped acreage of Ontario.

Modern plant science technologies enable farmers to adopt no-till or conservation tillage practices, which aim to disturb the soil as little as possible. Conserva-tion tillage reduces the number of tractor passes across the fi eld a farmer makes and helps to cut greenhouse gas emissions.

In 2008, conservation tillage practices saved 12 bil-lion kilograms of CO2 from entering the atmosphere. And fewer passes with the tractor save about 116 mil-lion litres of fuel each year in Canada.

Today’s farmers are doing more with less


Diversification, one jar at a timeIt’s not unusual for a farm

family to look for ways to di-versify their farm operation. In the case of Randy and Kathy Aumack, who are well-known in the cattle industry, what may be unusual is in their choice.

The Aumacks are among a handful of people in Sas-katchewan, indeed in Western Canada, now involved in the production of Haskap berries.

They are one of about a half dozen producers whose an-nual yield is about a thousand pounds or more. They just hit that mark with this year’s har-vest, and that amount pales in comparison to a couple of the larger producers, whose yield approaches 20,000 pounds a year.

A signifi cant difference, though, is that the larger pro-ducers are marketing their berries to various processors, whereas the Aumacks are choosing the value-added ap-proach, producing their own products, such as jams, syrups and toppings.

The Haskap berry is actual-ly a hybrid resulting from the cross-pollination of the Japa-nese Haskap and the Russian honeysuckle. Its developers, researchers at the University of Saskatchewan, created a berry with the taste and nu-tritional characteristics of the Haskap and the hardiness of the Russian honeysuckle. The combination makes the Has-kap ideally suited to western Canada.

“With our fi rst crop,” said Randy, “we noticed leaves starting to bud, and the tem-perature was -8.”

Just how did they get start-ed? They read an article in the Star-Phoenix, and their curi-osity was piqued by a nephew who seemed to be interested. The nephew eventually took it no further, but by then Randy and Kathy were intrigued.

They attended “Haskap Days” at the U of S to learn more about it, and soon they purchased and planted their fi rst batch of trees, approxi-mately 250 of them.

That was in 2006, and they have just recently increased that number to 1,000.

They get one harvest per year, with a busy period of about 6-8 days needed to handpick. Each day’s pick is fl ash-frozen on trays, and then put into larger containers and into a deep freeze until it’s time for them to make jam or syrup.

“I shouldn’t say ‘we’,” chuck-led Randy, “when we’re talk-ing about making jam. It’s all Kathy.”

So far, Kathy has been rent-ing the Rabbit Lake Hall for making jam because it has a provincially-certifi ed kitchen.

They sell their product through several avenues.

“Selling through the Super A in Spiritwood has been huge,” said Kathy. Their product has also been available at the Gift Store at Waskesieu and at the “Sask-Made” marketplace in Saskatoon. They also sell through trade shows, such as the Lioness Craft Sale in No-vember, and they also have a presence online with a website and email address.

Having those helped con-siderably when Haskaps were discussed on an episode of Dr. Oz, and also an episode of Ste-ven and Chris.

“We received a lot of emails after the Dr. Oz episode” Kathy said, “but not many sales once they learned what the freight would be on a one-jar order.”

But they did sell a case of 18 jars of jam to a customer in the U.K.

The increasing popularity of Haskap has been attributed to its nutritional makeup. A serving of 2/3 of a cup contains just 60 calories, 0.3 grams of fat, and no cholesterol or so-dium. There are 14 grams of carbohydrates, 3 of which are fi bre. As well, Haskap berries are high in Vitamins A and C, as well as other nutrients.

The berries also have high ORAC value and high levels

of Anthocyanins, polyphenols and biofl avanoids, all different types of compounds known as anti-oxidents.

The Aumacks grow their berries organically.

“We don’t have to spray,” Randy said. “There are no bugs or worms to worry about. “

In fact, they say, the only predator is the cedar waxwing. Tberefore, their trees are cov-

ered with. netting before the berries develop to prevent the waxwings from getting a feed.

At present, they are concen-trating on producing jams and syrups, but they are looking into other products, as well, like vinaigrette and tea.

And wine. Although that could be a long way off. But it would be nice to sit back with a cold glass of bubbly after a long day at the trade show.

566 - 16th St. W.

306-763-5959

Randy and Kathy Aumack produce jams and syrups, some of which is made into gift pack-ages for the Christmas market.

Grandson Liam with a Haskap berry, showing its size and shape.

Applying netting over the trees as a barrier against cedar waxwings.

Rows of Haskap trees. The Aumacks have 1,000 trees and whether they will have more “depends on who you talk to”…


ServiceServiceWHEN YOU NEED IT MOST!WHEN YOU NEED IT MOST!

883-2992883-2992AFTER HOURS CELL 306-841-7980

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16” ALUMINUM 8 BOLT CHEV RIMS $$999900 00 ALSO FITS TRAILERS

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FARM SERVICE MILEAGE RATE Mon - Fri 8 a.m. - 5 p.m. $$100100 Flat RateAfter Hours/Weekends/Winter $$335050 km One Way


Beekeeping: Where the honey comes fromWe all know where honey

comes from, but do we know all that is involved in the process? Terry and Diane Allchurch have a honey farm south of Spiritwood, and here’s how they describe the process:

“Each season of beekeep-ing begins in mid-March to early April, depending on how warm the early spring temperatures are. The fi rst

order of duty is to shovel the snow away from the hives so that a varroa mite treatment and a fungal dis-ease treatment can be put into the hives. This varroa mite treatment should be left in the hive for at least 42 days. Once the 42 days have lapsed, honey boxes are then add as per needed.

During the month of June, new colonies are made to re-

place the ones that did not survive the winter. New col-onies are made by splitting the weaker colonies into 1 or 2 and by robbing brood and bees from very strong hives. This practice can also prevent swarming later in the season. At this time queen rearing is also done. Each new hive will need a new queen and replacement queens will be implement-

ed in hives that are not as strong as they should be or the hive has a queen that is 3 or more years old.

By mid-July the honey harvest is beginning. We start gathering the honey boxes from the hives and bringing them to the ex-tracting house to be de-capped, extracted, settled and then barreled or pack-aged. At this time more honey boxes are added to the hives, sometimes reach-ing 5 or 6 boxes.

This process is then re-peated during the last week in July and 2nd week in August. During the gath-ering of honey in August, the number of honey boxes left on the hives is now de-creased leaving only one or two, in hopes of catching a late honey fl ow.

At the end of August, all the honey boxes are gath-ered, leaving the bees with their original two brood boxes. The honey harvest is complete.

During the 2nd week in September, the bees are fed a sugar and water solution. They will process this and it

will become a part of their winter feed. We will feed the bees this solution until Thanksgiving.

Towards the end of Oc-tober, the hives will be wrapped with insulation and black plastic and left in their fi elds for the winter. Honey bees must sustain a

hive temperature well above zero because they do not go dormant like other wild bees. They maintain this temperature by eating hon-ey and clustering.

After this is all done, the year has come to an end and we leave the rest to Mother Nature”.

Gathering the honey boxes from the hives.Logan Mundell and Bryce Olson decapping the frames in the extracting house.

TIRES & RIMS

CANVAS

& BELTS

BALANCE & ALIGNMENT

LIFT KITS & SUSPENSION

HYDRAULIC HOSE &

FITTINGS

BATTERIES & CHARGERS

BEARINGS

& SEALS

MUFFLERS & EXHAUST

VEHICLE

ACCESSORIES

SHELLBROOK SALES & SERVICE2 3 1 S e r v i c e R o a d E a s t 3 0 6 7 4 7 2 5 5 0

Bison pastures and grazing management18 Shellbrook Chronicle and Spiritwood Herald Agriculture Edition September 26, 2014

Before European settle-ment, it is estimated there were 50-70 million bison in North America. The major-ity of the population roamed the middle of the continent - the North American Great Plains which stretched from Texas to the boreal forest of Western Canada. This area was a vast ocean of open prairie with grasses, sedges (grass-like plants) and forbs (broadleaf plants). Grasses and sedges were the domi-nant species. Averaged over locations and seasons, they accounted for about 90-98 per cent of the forage avail-able for grazing. Trees and shrubs were kept in check by periodic fi res and periodic in-tensive grazing by large herds of migrating bison.

Bison were the fi rst rota-tional grazers because 90 per cent of the population was migratory and 10 per cent was sedentary. In Western Canada, the sedentary popu-lation remained year round in the parklands. Prior to the 1800s, movement of the migratory herds on the West-ern Canadian prairies was seasonal and predictable. It resembled a two-paddock seasonal grazing system with a summer range and a winter

range. This system evolved because it normally maxi-mized forage quantity with adequate quality on both ranges.

Contrary to common be-lief, the western Canadian herds trailed north in winter to the parklands. The park-land offered shelter from winter storms and a greater certainty of snow for a wa-ter source. The native fescue range, which had been grazed lightly in summer by a small resident population, offered a large volume of stockpiled forage for winter grazing. With normal autumn mois-ture, a fl ush of green growth late in the season ensured ad-equate forage quality.

In summer, the bison grazed the short grass prairie of South West Saskatchewan and South East Alberta. The cool season grasses were fl owering and the warm sea-son grasses were actively growing. Again, the timing of grazing in this region en-sured maximum forage qual-ity with good forage quality.

During the summer, the bison were dispersed into smaller herds and constantly on the move. In winter, they tended to gather in larger groups and only moved when

forage supplies were depleted. Grazing systems control live-stock in a planned manner to allow grazed forage plants an opportunity to rest or re-grow and recover during the growing season. Recovering means allowing the root sys-tem to replenish and rebuild between grazing events. A deep and robust root system ensures that plants survive, resist weed invasion, and produce to their potential.

A grazing system does not need to be complicated or have a large number of pad-docks to be effective. Graz-ing managers control what, when, where, and how much livestock graze. Through cor-rect stocking rates and forage use levels, both bison and forage production can be op-timized.

On native pasture, when grazed during the growing season, the general rules to ensure good range condition are: delay grazing until mid June, graze individual plants only once per season, and leave behind 50 per cent of the current season’s growth. With seeded forage, a twice through rotation leaving be-hind 30 per cent of the cur-rent season growth will usu-ally maintain healthy plants.

Maintaining Healthy Plants and Root Systems

In order for perennial for-age plants to survive, resist weed invasion, and produce to their potential they need to have deep and robust root systems. The pictures be-low show the root systems of meadow brome grass, smooth brome grass and crested wheat grass after three years of clipping treat-ments.

When native range and/or seeded species are stockpiled for late fall or winter grazing, utilization rates can be high-er. All of the above recom-mendations can be altered in a given season, provided the grazing manager is monitor-ing the pasture and adjusting to changing range condition. For example, the recom-mended 30 per cent carry-over on seeded pasture can be occasionally reduced to 15 per cent if the plants receive extra rest the following year.

There is no universally best grazing system. Each man-ager must develop a plan, tai-lored to the resources of the farm or ranch. Some of the variables that need to be con-sidered include: type of pas-tures (native vs seeded), for-age species of seeded pasture,

season of use, pasture sizes, cost of subdividing fi elds, proximity of land parcels, lo-cation of water sources, cur-rent situation, future plans, level of investment, and man-ager’s time.

There are at least eleven different grazing systems used in the Northern Great Plains. These systems and their applications are de-scribed in publications listed in the section “References and Suggested Reading”. For assistance with planning a grazing system, contact your Regional Forage Specialist.

Bison have the ability to di-gest low quality forages more completely than beef cattle. Studies have shown bison can extract fi ve to eight per cent more nutrients from various low quality feeds. This ad-vantage occurs when protein levels of the feed are eight per cent or lower. Explanations for this increased effi ciency are: a higher level of nitrogen recycling, differences in ru-men micro fl ora, longer feed retention time in the rumen (79 hours for bison compared to 69 hours for cattle). At pro-tein levels above 10 per cent, cattle digest feed equal to or better than bison.

The bison’s metabolic rate

decreases from summer to winter. In summer, the main-tenance energy requirement of a 1000 lb cow is estimated at 22.4 Mcal/day. In winter, the requirement is about 12.5 Mcal/day. This reduction results in lower feed quality and quantity required dur-ing winter. Dry matter intake of cows is estimated to be 2.2 - 2.8 per cent of body weight during summer. In winter, appetite drops to 1.4 - 2.0 per cent of body weight.

Bison are very adapted to cold weather. The lower criti-cal temperature (temperature at which an animal increases feed intake or expends extra energy from body reserves to stay warm) of six month old bison calves is colder than -30°C. The lower critical tem-perature of adult bison has not been measured, but is expected to be signifi cantly lower. As a comparison, lower critical temperature for beef cows in mid winter is about -20°C. Cold resistance in bi-son is due to their excellent hair coat and reduced physi-cal activity. Under extreme cold weather, it has been demonstrated physical activ-ity greatly reduces thermal insulation.

Locally raised Bison and Pork

ProductsHormone Free!

Hunting Season is upon us ...

See us for all your Wild Meat Processing and

Sausage Making

Parkland Meats Ltd.Parkland Meats Ltd.Main Street, Shellbrook

306-747-3939

Parkland Meats offers:Parkland Meats offers:

Let us make your meat

and cheese trays for all occasions!

• Good selection of Meridian and Westfi eld swing and load-out augers.• Used Sakundiak HD10 - 1800, comes with mover, clutch, 35 h Vanguard Engine. Call for pricing.Used Westfi eld MK10 - 61 Swing auger $9,250

Good Selection of Meridian smooth wall fertilizer bins

SHELLBROOK CO-OP AGRO“YOUR LOCALLY OWNED AG RETAILER”“YOUR LOCALLY OWNED AG RETAILER”

203 Railway Ave. West 306-747-2122


Ten Years for Northern FeedsSeptember 2014 marks

the 10th year of operation for Northern Feeds of Spiritwood. Many people will recognize the mill that sits about one mile west of Spiritwood.

The mill was built in 2004 to produce feed for the pig barns owned by Fast Genetics and DDR Farms. Readers will be familiar with Fast Genet-ics, and DDR Farms is the operating name for the farming operation of the Laventure family of Leo-ville.

Between these two groups, they feed approx-imately 100,000 hogs per year, and the ownership of the mill is shared be-tween these two groups in proportion to the amount of feed that each of these partners uses. As a result the split is two thirds Fast Genetics, and one third DDR Farms.

There were two key rea-sons for building the mill, biosecurity and cost. Through the ownership of the mill, the partners were able to have more control over the biosecu-rity of their operations, as Northern Feeds only produces feed for their farms, and the delivery truck does not travel to any other pig production sites. The second major reason is that the cost of producing feed in Spirit-wood results in savings to the partners, versus buy-ing feed from a commer-cial mill.

The mill employs five people full time staff, with two millers (Clair Chamakese and Cliff

Christopherson), one feed truck driver (Brent Fran-son), one administrative staff (Tammy Wingerter), and the manager (Cam Seidle). A normal day for the Northern Feeds crew will start at 5:00 AM (yes that is AM!), and will be over by mid-afternoon. The week is five days long, with no milling oc-curring on the weekend. As with all livestock, pigs need to eat every day, so it can be a challenge working around holidays, but the staff works as a team to get the deliver-ies done. Weather can also be a challenge, as it is pretty tough to ask the pigs to avoid eating on 40 below days, or during a blizzard! Despite these challenges, in its 10 years of operation the mill has always got the feed made, and the staff is proud to say that in those years, they have never had to source feed from another mill!

It comes as quite a sur-prise to most people to find out the amount of feed that is produced at the mill, and the amount of grain that is purchased by Northern Feeds. A typical year will see the mill process 30,000 tonnes of feed, which is the equivalent of about 1.3 million bushels of grain! This is equal to, or greater than, the amount that used to be purchased by the Sask Wheat Pool elevator in Spiritwood. The mill is not as im-posing of a structure as a grain elevator, so this catches most people a

little off guard. The lower amount of storage space at the mill means that there must be a constant f low of grain coming in to allow the mill to keep sending out feed. When the mill is entirely full it would be possible to mill for a week to 10 days be-fore they would run out of product, so keeping the supply trucks coming in, even in poor weather is important. Mill manager Cam Seidle uses this com-parison to give people an idea of the amount of feed that is produced; “If you look at the steel bin that sits beside the old Wheat Pool elevator in Spirit-wood, we mill and deliver enough feed every week to fill that bin”. This helps to put it in perspective!

Northern Feeds uses about 30 different ingre-dients to produce the 40 different rations that they mill for the barns. Just as people require different food depending on their age and what they are do-ing, so do the pigs. The rations for the young pigs are very different form the ones that are fed to the mature breeding ani-mals, just as baby food is different than what adults would eat. The majority of the ingredients used are feed grains with the major ones being wheat, barley and peas. The vast majority (approx 95%) of this is purchased directly from local farmers. Grain buying is handled by Roger Laventure (partner in DDR Farms), and when he last checked his sup-plier list there were 200 names on it, and in an av-erage year the mill would purchase from nearly 100 of these farmer suppli-

ers. Roger has calculated that sometime in May of 2015, Northern Feeds will be purchasing its 10 millionth bushel of grain, and we feel that is quite an accomplishment, and adds considerably to the local economy.

A common misconcep-tion about the mill is the

quality of grain that must be purchased. You com-monly hear people say “pigs will eat anything!”, and this is far from the truth. With their keen sense of smell, pigs are able to detect small amounts of mold or tox-ins in their feed and will refuse to eat it if possi-

ble, and if they do eat it, it can result in reduced performance and even loss of pregnancies and the birth of dead piglets. Ergot, a fungus, can be a big concern, and the lev-els that are seen in the grain can vary from year to year, with the 2013 crop being very low ergot, but the previous year be-ing very high. An issue that is causing concern to the livestock feeding industry is the possible presence of a substance known as “vomitoxin”, that is produced by fusar-ium and can be present in feed grains. Historically, it has not been a big issue in this area, but as a pre-caution, Northern Feeds will be starting to test incoming loads to ensure that the grain purchased meets their specifica-tions. This testing is be-coming more common at all receiving centers.

Northern Feeds is proud of their contribu-tion to the local agricul-tural economy, and is looking forward to anoth-er 10 years of operating in the Spiritwood area!

of the Battlefordswebsite: remaxbattlefords.com

Locally Owned and Operated ~ 1391 100th St., North Battleford, SK S9A 0V9

For more info on any of the above listings call Call Lloyd Ledinski

1-306-446-8800 or 1-306-441-0512

RM of Redberry #435 (Just Listed)Amazing 2600 sq. ft. timber built home with loft overlooking lake, 457 acres with 205 acres cultivated, farmed organic, bal-ance bush and pasture. In-fl oor heat in home, quonset and garage from a wood burning heater, with propane back-up. Solar power and endless features in the

home. Well sheltered yard and garden areas with lots of fruit trees. The area offers good hunting and fi shing. Located near lac La Peche just over an hour from Saskatoon, Prince Albert and North Battleford. A must to view. MLS®# 511919

R.M. of Leask No. 464What a property!! A farmer or rancher’s dream

1,334 acres all adjoining with 1,148 acres cultivated, balance bush & slough. Medium rolly, stone free. Fenced with treated & steel posts, 3 & 4 wires plus cross fences. Power, phone, 2 wells and pasture water. Main road access and 2 miles off Hwy 40. MLS®# 510409

R.M. of Great BendRadisson

312 acres with approx. 208 acres in tame hay. It has a well and power, large trough and 25’ deep dugout. There is a small amount of bush which would be easy to open up. This half section in normal conditions will carry 60 cow pairs. This land could be cultivated as it does have a high water table and very few stones. MLS®# 510409

R.M. of LeaskDon’t miss out on this opportunity for

some good pasture land.

Remarkable pasture with approx. 580 acres tame hay, balance bush & meadow type openings. Quantity of harvestable Spruce adds value; approx 30’ deep small lake, other creeks & dugout. Fenced w/4 wire, treated post & 7 cross fenced rotation pastures. Lots of white tail deer, elk, moose and bear in the area. This property has it all and is only 5 miles north east of Leask, SK. MLS®# 500317

R.M. of Parkdale GlaslynWhat a Property

What a property located on a natural beach on the East end of Little Loon Lake. 23.97 acres with a 1664 sq. ft. bungalow home. Open kitchen, living room concept, 9 ft. ceilings, 2x6 walls. Large front verandah and deck for the fam-ily bar-b-que. Heated with in-fl oor propane heat plus wood burning

heater. Also a 42x60 metal clad shop with cement fl oor. Ad-joining is a quarter of land with approx. 90 acres cultivated and the balance heavy bush, Good hunting & fi shing within the surrounding area (approx. 1-2 hours away). MLS®# 486829

Spiritwood area (Just listed)This jewel of a property is located approximately 20 KM northeast of Spiritwood. Beautiful 1532 sq. ft. family home with many extras including hickory kitchen cabinets and hot water heat (both wood and electric). It is hidden back in

the heavy bush and situated on 319 acres. What a peaceful location, plus good big game hunting, goose hunting and fi shing in the immediate area. MLS®# 512549

some gog od ppasture land.

R k bl i h 80 h b l b h

Lloyd is in need of grain land in nearby RMs

Northern Feeds is celebrating their 10th anniversary this month. By early next year they will have processed their ten-millionth bushel.

24hr mobile service • Cars/ trucks/ semi/AG/ Forestry/OTR• Calcium chloride/ Picker crane services • Custom dual set ups • Wheel balancing • After market wheels

Winter Tire Sale starting Oct 1st up to $80$80 rebates on select

Passenger / Light Truck Tires Owner/ operator Charles Beaulac306-883-9292306-883-9292306-481-3719306-481-3719

118 Lemieux Cres., Leoville

Frost could affect nitrate levels

Natural fertilizers loaded with nutrients


Farmers could be dealing with frost this week.

The impact of the frost and potential buildup of nitrates in the crop depends on how cold it gets and for how long.

Lorne Klein is a Regional Forage Spe-

cialist with Saskatchewan’s Ministry of Agriculture.

“If the frost is more like that minus three, minus four, and the duration is a few hours, then the damage to the leaf is going to be fairly signifi cant. In that

case, you’re going to want to cut the crop as quickly as you can after the crop.”

He notes nitrate levels in greenfeed is a concern for livestock.

“Nitrates can cause problems with the livestock. It interferes with the fl ow

of oxygen in the blood, certainly it will cause anywhere from minor problems to very signifi cant problems depending on the levels in the feed.”

Producers can deal with a nitrate issue through a feed management program.

A special THANK YOU

to the local experts in the fi eld

– our farmers!

Rob Clarke, MPDesnethé • Missinippi

• Churchill River

[email protected]

Lawn and garden enthusiasts know a handful of items are essential to main-tain a healthy landscape. Water, sun-shine and the proper nutrients all work in concert to promote a healthy lawn. Although nutritional material is inher-ent in the soil, many gardeners feel soil must be amended with some sort of fer-tilizer to give plants a healthy boost.

All-natural fertilizers are growing in popularity, and home gardeners have a variety of such products at their dis-posal. Ambitious homeowners can even create their own all-natural fertilizers from items around the house. Organic fertilizers, or those that are derived from living organisms and not manu-facturered through chemicals, can pro-vide suffi cient nutrients and minerals to grow healthy plants.

Bone mealIn order to store energy and reach

maturity, plants need phosphate. This mineral is released over a long period of time from fi nely ground rock. However, a faster way to supply it to the landscape is through bone meal. Bone meal is a mixture of fi nely and coarsely ground animal bones that are a waste product from meat-processing plants. Adding bone meal to soil is one of the most ef-fective ways to increase phosphorous levels.

ManureThe waste from herbivores (animals

that feed on grass), including rabbits, horses and cows, can make super fer-tilizers. Some gardeners shy away from manure because they believe it to be an odoriferous, dirty product. The best

produced manures are allowed to com-post for at least nine months and are mixed with hay or straw. They should not produce an offensive odor and will provide plants with a host of nutrients. Never use manures from meat-eating animals, like dogs, cats or humans. Fe-ces can harbor a lot of bacteria, which can be transferred to the garden soil.

Fish and seaweedImproving soil nutrients may be as

simple as looking to the ocean or other bodies of water. Fish emulsion, a mix-ture of ground fi sh and water, is a good nitrogen source. Nitrogen gives plants the energy to grow. Seaweed, which is actually a type of algae, contains the primary nutrients that plants need in order to thrive, including phosphorous, nitrogen and potassium. It also serves as a food for natural bacteria that break down nutrients into the soil, making them easier for plants to absorb.

WormsEarthworms are vital to soil health.

They burrow and wiggle around in the dirt, helping to aerate the soil. But the castings, or waste, of the worms also provide valuable nutrients to the soil. The castings contain benefi cial micro-organisms from the worms’ digestive system that help break down organic matter into a form that plant roots can use. Many gardeners participate in ver-micomposting, or farming worms in or-der to use their castings as fertilizer.

CompostCompost can also be used as fertilizer.

Gardeners can make their own compost from discarded materials. Compost is one of the most widely used soil amend-ments in vegetable gardens. Yard re-fuse, fruit and vegetable peelings, egg-shells, coffee grounds, and other items can be added to a compost pile. Natural bacteria will slowly break down these materials into a product dubbed “black gold.” Compost can be mixed into soil before planting and used as a dressing after plants have been established.

Gardeners can experiment with dif-ferent ratios of fertilizer to create a mix that enhances the soil. Test the soil to determine which, if any, nutrients the soil is lacking so the fertilizer can be ad-justed accordingly.

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Annual crops can provide emergency or supplementary forage in all areas of the prov-ince. Some producers also consider annual forage because it is a short-term land com-mitment. Spring or winter cereal crops are both well suited to these roles. They are easy to seed, establish quickly and can provide pas-ture later in the growing season when perennial production is decreas-ing and demand is at its highest.

Oats, barley and triti-cale have traditionally been the most widely used cereals for green-feed, silage and pas-ture. However, many other crops are also being used to lesser ex-tents. Spring cereals are a good choice if the crop may not be needed exclusively for grazing. Spring cereals produce much of their forage

production eight to 10 weeks after seeding. (Figure 1) This growth is diffi cult to stockpile for late season use with-out considerable wast-age from trampling and maturity. If conditions warrant, these crops can easily be harvested for greenfeed or grain or swath grazed.

Spring cereals, how-ever, do not re-grow well after being grazed. Maintaining cereal pas-ture for late season use is diffi cult. When late summer grazing ca-pacity is needed, win-ter cereals such as fall rye, winter wheat and winter triticale may be more suitable. While seed costs for these crops may be higher, they provide better quality forage in the late summer and fall.

When seeded in the spring, winter cereals produce little seed and stay leafy. Compared to

barley or oats, only fi ve to 10 per cent of winter cereal plants typically head in the year of seed-ing. Winter cereals can also provide early sea-son pasture the follow-ing spring. Fall rye is the most winter hardy winter cereal. Typically fall rye will produce well for one or two years. However, some produc-ers have reported graz-ing fall rye more than two years.

Cool Season Spring Crop Options

Cool season or C3 crops include spring ce-reals, canola, peas and annual ryegrass. Spring cereals, peas and canola produce the majority of their growth early in the summer with produc-tion declining by late summer. Trampling losses of all these crops will be high if grazed af-ter heading or podding and if cattle are not re-stricted to limited areas.

Varieties that produce high grain yields often produce high forage yield. For some crops, forage varieties are available.

Oats •Oats are a high yield-

ing annual forage, par-ticularly in the black and grey-wood soil zone.

Barley •Barley is suitable for

swath grazing, green-feed or silage in all soil zones of the province.

Triticale •Triticale can produce

similar forage yields to oats on black soils. It is more tolerant of dry conditions than oats.

Wheat •Wheat is suited to all

soil zones of the prov-ince.

Peas •Peas are adapted to

the dark brown, black and grey soil zones.

Canola •Canola is best adapt-

ed to the black and grey soil zones.

•All varieties of canola and mustard except in-dustrial use oils can be fed to livestock.

Turnips •Seeding turnips is

similar to seeding cano-la. Turnips, like canola, are also susceptible to many pests and insects.

•Crop can be grazed in 60 to 90 days and may be grazed a second time if managed properly. Livestock can consume the leaves and dig out the tubers in the fall. There may be a choking hazard when livestock eat the tubers.

Annual Ryegrasses •Annual rye grasses

are adapted to the grey and black soil zones.

Millets •Millets can be grown

in all soil zones of the province, but often do not out-yield cereals for greenfeed, silage or pas-ture.

Corn •Corn is better adapt-

ed to areas of the prov-ince receiving more than 2000 corn heat units per year.

•Corn will generally produce more forage than cereal crops. How-ever, without good weed control, corn will not reach its full yield po-tential. Forming a cob is very important to the grazing value of corn.

Fall Cereals •Fall cereals are best

used for pasture pro-duction. They are adapted to all soil zones of the province.

•Grazing can begin once the rows have fi lled in. Fall rye is generally more winter-hardy than winter wheat or winter triticale.

•Fall rye can be pas-tured prior to stem elongation in the spring and still produce a grain crop if moisture condi-tions are adequate.

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Annual crops for greenfeed and grazing


Farmers can have an eye in the sky with drones

With harvest now fully underway, farmers may be discovering areas of their crops that are not pro-ducing the highest yields. Producers could be asking themselves - what should I have done differently?

Unmanned aerial ve-hicles, more commonly known as drones, can help producers diagnose prob-lems in their fields before they become full-blown issues. Drones capture still images and video of crops, including infrared images, which are anal-ysed by specialized soft-ware to assess vegetative growth, row formations, crop development, and

more. “The real power of this

technology is the ability to create Normalized Dif-ference Vegetation Index maps,” says Blair Fleis-chhacker, corporate parts manager, Farm World. “Once you have those maps, you can pinpoint exact locations with GPS coordinates where you may have problems. Then, farmers can work with their agronomist to de-velop the right chemical prescriptions. This saves farmers money by apply-ing chemical only where it’s needed and not to the entire field.”

Farm World has recently

partnered with Indiana-based company, Precision Drones, and is the first ag-riculture equipment deal-er in Western Canada to offer drones. The found-ers of Precision Drones are farmers who wanted to scout their own fields from the air, but were not happy with drones on the market so they decided to develop their own.

“Precision Drone is the perfect partner for Farm World. Like us, they are farmers first and they know what farmers need to be successful,” says Fleischhacker.

From scouting for weed problems, fertilizer defi-ciencies, signs of insects, and diseases, farmers can also use drones to check livestock herds.

“It’s amazing what you can see from the air that you can’t see from the ground,” he says. “Drones provide farmers with re-al-time information on an entire quarter, identify problem areas and then the ability to make adjust-ments quickly and with confidence. Plus, a pro-ducer can keep the images for future crop planning.”

Drones are expected to replace traditional crop scouting methods like walking the fields or hir-ing airplane surveillance. The drone can cover an entire quarter in about 15 minutes and can be f lown manually or using auto-pilot, which follows GPS coordinates.

“The drone we offer is easy to use and can be the most powerful tool in helping farmers save time and money, while increas-

ing their yields. Drones are becoming very popu-lar in the States and we see this as the future of contemporary farming practices in Western Can-ada,” he says.

The helicopter-style drone offered by Farm World is turn-key and user friendly. Farm World offers extensive training, along with warranty pro-grams and ongoing ser-vice ensuring users are successful. With locations in Prince Albert, Kinis-tino and Humboldt, Farm World has fully trained staff to ensure customer success.

For more information, visit www.farmworld.ca

Have a safe and an

abundant harvest!

5-3041 Sherman Drive Prince Albert, SK S6V 7B7 1-800-939-0940 [email protected]

Blair Fleischhacker, centre, provides Farm World customers and employ-ees a demonstration of the Precision drone.

Farm World is now offering customers helicop-ter-style drones, the latest technology in precision farming.

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Who knew - Agriculture in SaskatchewanAgriculture is the root of

Saskatchewan’s economy and accounts for over one-third of the province’s total exports. We have over 40 per cent of Canada’s farmland totaling more than 60 million acres. Approximately 33 million acres of agricultural land is used for crop production each year.

Wholesome roots Saskatchewan is known

worldwide as a consistent and reliable supplier of safe, high-quality grains, oilseeds, pulses and livestock. In 2013, we produced:

•99 per cent of Canada’s chickpeas

•96 per cent of Canada’s lentils

•87 per cent of Canada’s du-rum wheat

•82 per cent of Canada’s fl axseed

•76 per cent of Canada’s mustard

•64 per cent of Canada’s dry peas

•50 per cent of Canada’s canola

Feeding the world Saskatchewan exports

more than $1 billion in each of the four key product sec-tors: cereal grains (wheat, oats, rye and barley), oilseeds (canola and fl ax), pulses (peas and lentils) and edible oils

(canola). In 2013, Saskatch-ewan was responsible for:

• 65 per cent of the world’s lentil exports

• 54 per cent of the world’s pea exports

• 32 per cent of the world’s fl axseed exports

• 34 per cent of the world’s durum exports

• 16 per cent of the world’s canola seed exports

• 27 per cent of the world’s mustard seed exports

• 17 per cent of the world’s canola oil exports

In 2013, Saskatchewan was also the leading Canadian exporter of 11 agri-food prod-ucts:

• Canola Seed - $2.06bil-lion

• Lentils - $1.15 billion • Canola Oil - $1.46 million • Pea - $1.11 million • Durum - $1.28 billion • Canola Meal - $686 mil-

lion •Flaxseed - $297 million•Oats - $248 million•Canary Seed - $86 million•Mustard Seed - $72 mil-

lion•Chickpeas - $30 millionBuilding on our strengths -

moving crops to the next level The Ministry of Agriculture

collaborates with industry organizations, producers and research institutions to in-

crease competitiveness, pro-duction, new crop develop-ment, product development and value-added process-ing in Saskatchewan’s crop sectors with the goal of in-creasing overall profi tability throughout the value chain.

This includes introducing new crops, increasing returns on existing crops, and adding value through processing op-portunities:

•Camelina - it’s estimated that camelina production will reach 100,000 acres by 2015, with a value of $16.8 million. Camelina bio-based products include fi sh feed, bio-lubricants, healthy oils and jet fuel.

• Vegetables - there’s a po-tential for high-value veg-etables like onions and small potatoes, particularly for ir-rigation farmers (net return $3,000 to $5,000 per acre). Saskatchewan has the grow-ing conditions, land and wa-ter resources, minimal pest pressure and expertise neces-sary for growing high-quality vegetables.

• Wheat - wheat has been the cornerstone of Saskatch-ewan agriculture since farm-ing began in the province. Va-rietal development, through the stacking of traits to create superior varieties is needed

to ensure that this crop can compete with other crop types and is profi table for growers.

• Honey - honey producers in the province are getting the help they need to keep their colonies healthy and the honey production per hive the highest in Canada. Research to develop best management practices to control mites and reduce winter mortality in honey bees in underway.

• Fruit processing - Sas-katchewan growers produce approximately fi ve million pounds of fruit per year on 2,000 acres with strong po-tential to increase acreage with the expansion of irriga-tion districts and agri-tour-

ism. Wide-open spaces Saskatchewan has over six

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• Saskatchewan’s total cat-tle and calf receipts were just over $1.2 billion.

• Saskatchewan’s hog in-dustry generated more than $288 million.

• Saskatchewan had ap-proximately one third of the

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Grazing management for sheep production26 Shellbrook Chronicle and Spiritwood Herald Agriculture Edition September 26, 2014

Observing grazing ani-mals can provide the live-stock producer with valu-able information on the quantity and quality of the forage available to the ani-mals. Observation is per-haps the most important tool for making grazing management decisions. With a little practice, a pro-ducer can become adept at “eyeballing” the approxi-mate amount and quality of forage being consumed by his livestock.

Ruminant animals graze wherever and whenever forage is available, there-fore, a producer can say that he does practice “graz-ing management”. Graz-ing occurs either by de-sign, when controlled by a knowledgeable manager, or by default, when ani-mals are allowed to graze on their own without re-gard for plant and animal requirements. A livestock producer must visit his pastures frequently, not only to check the animals, but also to check the forage. This allows the producer to monitor what is happen-ing with the pasture and to anticipate and correct any potential problem before it results in reduced livestock

performance. A grazing management

plan must be designed with both plant growth and ani-mal performance in mind. For long-term sustainabil-ity, there must be a balance between plant and animal requirements.

•Plant growth is maxi-mized when they are “har-vested” (or grazed) at ma-turity, but at that point the forage quality is low and animal performance may suffer because the nutri-tional needs of the animal are not met.

•Animal performance is maximized if the plant is grazed while it is actively growing (i.e. producing high-quality feed), but re-peated, uncontrolled graz-ing will result in animals selectively consuming the highly nutritious and pal-atable plants while leaving the unpalatable ones. Over time, this will cause the disappearance of desirable plants (called decreasers) and the predominance of less desirable and undesir-able ones (called increasers and invaders).

Some points to consider when observing animals and interpreting their graz-ing behaviour are:

•less time is spent graz-ing when forage is plentiful and of good quality; more time is spent grazing when quantity or quality is lim-ited;

•herd animals tend to graze as a group when for-age is plentiful and as in-dividuals when forage is scarce;

• a well-established browse line indicates ex-cessive grazing pressure (a browse line is a well-defi ned height to which browse such as leaves, twigs and woody growth has been removed by ani-mals);

•midday grazing during hot weather indicates that forage is limited.

Sheep Grazing Patterns and Behaviour

Grazing animals are looking for green plant ma-terial. Their fi rst preference is new green leaves. When new green leaves are not present, the animals will eat older green leaves, fol-lowed by green stems, then dry leaves, and fi nally dry stems. Grazing animals are also looking for plants that they consider palat-able. Sheep have narrower mouths and more fl exible lips than cattle; therefore,

they can be more selective in their grazing by taking individual bites. Rumi-nants swallow their food as soon as it is lubricated and after they have con-sumed a certain amount, they ruminate. Cattle usu-ally graze for four to nine hours a day, and sheep and goats for nine to 11 hours a day. Animals usually graze, then rest and ruminate. Sheep rest and ruminate more than cattle: seven to 10 hours a day as opposed to four to nine hours a day for cattle.

•Sheep can graze rugged terrain more easily than cattle.

•Sheep are reluctant to graze areas that have natu-ral predator cover.

•Sheep may walk from three to fi ve kilometres for water (depending on to-pography). The distance they have to travel has a signifi cant infl uence on production. The greater the distance to water, the more energy and time is needed to satisfy the sheep’s re-quirements.

•Sheep need from 7.5 to 10 litres of water per day.

•Livestock seek shade and cool locations during hot summer periods, which

may result in excessive grazing under trees and in riparian areas.

•Livestock usually over-use dry southern expo-sures early in spring and then switch to riparian and shaded areas during hot-ter times of the year. North facing slopes usually re-main underused.

•Sheep have a strong fl ocking instinct and main-tain social spacing and ori-entation in pens as well as pasture. Breed, stocking rate, topography, vegeta-tion, shelter and distance to water may infl uence this instinct, but isolation of individual sheep usu-ally brings about signs of anxiety and may cause the sheep to try to escape.

•Sheep tend to “follow” one another even in activi-ties such as grazing, bed-ding down, reacting to ob-stacles and feeding.

Some pasture character-istics that infl uence how close actual intake gets to potential intake are listed below.

•Forage Selection. Graz-ing animals are very selec-tive in what they eat. Their choices are infl uenced by the presence of secondary compounds (phenolics,

volatile oils), plant mor-phology (such as thorns and thick cuticles, dried “stemmy” material) and past grazing experience. Sheep tend to avoid the older seedstalks or “stem-my” grass. An increase in the number of seedstalks in a pasture will reduce the sheep’s grazing intensity; however, when seedstalks are removed (such as by cutting during the previous fall), sheep’s preference for the non-stemmy forage in-creases.

•Preference. An animal’s forage selection is more a function of its past experi-ence than its breed. Graz-ing is an acquired skill, which is learned at an early age. This means it is pos-sible to train an animal to consume certain plants, such as leafy spurge, for vegetation control.

•Palatability. Livestock select food that has the most pleasing texture. They also choose familiar foods. Green material is preferred over dry mate-rial, and leaves over stems. Palatability is affected by fi bre content, bitterness or sweetness, water content and plant abundance.

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Protecting yourself and others from Hantavirus disease

Farm Safety ... know your rightsAgriculture is one of Saskatchewan’s largest and most haz-

ardous industries. Incidents occur more often during critical farming times. They can cause needless suffering and conse-quently reduce farm revenues.

According to the Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture (CCHSA), 14 people are killed on average each year and many others are injured on Saskatchewan farms in incidents that could have been prevented.

Everyone can do their part to change the statistics and make Saskatchewan farms safer. The Farm Safety Guide provides advice about training, clarifi es employer and worker roles, and responsibilities and identifi es workplace hazards on the farm. You can also visit the “Canadian Agricultural Safety Association’s Website” for other valuable farm safety tools.

Employer and Employee Responsibilities on the FarmFarmers are not exempt from Saskatchewan’s health and

safety laws. The Saskatchewan Employment Act (the Act) cov-ers the health and safety of both farmers and farm workers.

A farmer or farm operator must: •Provide a safe working environment for the worker. They

must provide orientation to: ◦location of fi rst aid supplies;◦fi re and emergency procedures;◦prohibited or restricted areas; and ◦chemical and physical hazards.•Ensure that each worker understands and complies with

the provisions of the Act and regulations. •Provide hazard information - ensure that the worker un-

derstands the potential hazards, and the precautions that must be taken to avoid the risk of injury or illness associated with their daily work tasks.

•Ensure that training for workers includes: ◦knowledge about workplace hazards and any other information needed to keep them safe; and explanation of safe work procedures and practical demonstrations by the worker that they have acquired the necessary knowledge and skills.

•Supervise the worker. This means monitoring the worker’s activities to ensure s/he is working safely and being available to assist and answer any questions. Usually more supervi-sion is needed when a worker is undertaking new or hazard-ous tasks.

•Identify who the supervisor is (e.g., If multiple family members are involved in the farming operation, who does the worker answer to?)

•Inform the worker of their own responsibility to follow safe work practices, use the safety equipment provided and bring any unsafe condition(s) or equipment to the attention of the employer.

•Keep in place and maintain all safety shields, safety latches and safety devices.

•Discuss safe work practices (the how & why) for each work-related activity.

•Be available to adequately supervise and provide assis-tance to workers when help is needed.

•Openly discuss work practices, remain open for questions and acknowledge suggestions for improvement from a worker.

•Supply personal protective equipment (PPE), discuss safe handling of chemicals and controlled products and instruct the worker about the requirement to wear PPE and how to correctly use and maintain it.

•Report fatal incidents, serious injuries and dangerous oc-

currences to the Occupational Health and Safety Division. If confl icts arise, attempt prompt resolutions to avoid unneces-sary stress.

•Consider insurance coverage (Workers’ Compensation Board (WCB) or private insurance).

A farm worker: •Must cooperate with the employer to ensure employer’s

health and safety responsibilities are fulfi lled. •Must conduct him/herself in a safe and responsible man-

ner at work.•Has the right to refuse any work they believe is unusually

dangerous to him/herself or others.•Must use the safeguards, safety appliances and personal

protective equipment (PPE) or devices provided pursuant to the Act and The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations.

•Must bring to the farmer’s attention any concerns for health and safety.

•Must wear the PPE provided by the employer and ask for PPE to be provided if it is not supplied.

•Should ask for a tour of the farm prior to commencing work.

•Should clearly understand who their supervisor is (e.g., If multiple family members are involved in the farming opera-tion, who does the worker answer to?)

•Should ask questions to ensure they understand safe work procedures before proceeding.

•Should clearly understand the communication plan (e.g., work progress checks, employer assistance and availability).

•May ask if the employer has insurance coverage.

Hantavirus disease is a rare but potentially fatal infection spread by deer mice and possibly by other rodents. It is transmit-ted to people when they inhale airborne particles contaminated by the saliva or excretions of infected rodents. Controlling rodents, identifying sources of infection, cleaning buildings and worksites, and minimizing exposures will reduce the risk of infection. Flu-like or pneumonia-like symptoms following potential exposures to sources of infection should be promptly reported to a doctor for treatment.

SymptomsHantavirus begins as a fl u-like illness. The initial symptoms

include fever, muscle aches, cough, headaches, nausea and vomit-ing. As the disease worsens, pneumonia symptoms may develop. Fluid builds up in the lungs, making it diffi cult to breathe.

Heart function may also be affected. Death may occur at this stage. The initial symptoms of the disease may appear from one to six weeks after the exposure, with an average of from two to three weeks. Once the initial symptoms appear, the disease can progress rapidly and become life-threatening within a few days.

Reason for concernOver 17 people in Saskatchewan have been diagnosed with

Hantavirus infections.Approximately one-half of the cases in Saskatchewan involved

exposures in a rural or farm setting. In Canada, over 60 cases have been reported. Approximately one-third of these have been fatal. Cases are largely restricted to western Canada. A proportion of Saskatchewan deer mice tested had evidence of the disease. Al-though the disease is rare, it is advisable to take common sense precautions to prevent Hantavirus and other rodent-borne infec-tions. In western North America, deer mice (Peromyscus man-iculatus) are the primary carriers of the Hantavirus that causes a respiratory disease in people. There are a few reports of other rodents having evidence of Hantavirus infections, but in western North America, the Hantavirus is largely restricted to deer mice.

Deer mice are found throughout most of Saskatchewan in a va-riety of indoor and outdoor habitats in rural and semi-rural areas. They are less common in urban areas. Deer mice have character-istically large eyes and ears and a bicoloured body that distinguish them from fi eld or house mice. The upper side of their tail and body is dark brown or grey and the underside is white.

Outdoors, deer mice construct nests in stumps, under logs, in hollow tree cavities or in abandoned bird nests. They may enter buildings in cold weather where they can damage food and fur-niture.

Sources of infectionThe Hantavirus can be present in infected rodents’ saliva, urine

and droppings and in materials contaminated with them. Hanta-virus survives in the environment for 2-3 days at a normal room temperature. Exposure to sunlight will decrease this time and freezing will increase the time. It can survive to some extent in dried saliva or excretions.

Hantavirus is transmitted to people when they inhale airborne particles contaminated by the saliva or excretions of infected ro-dents. It may also be possible that humans are infected after:

• direct contact of broken skin or eye membranes with contami-nated materials; • eating or drinking contaminated food or water; or

• being bitten by an infected rodent.There is no evidence that the virus can be spread from arthro-

pods (e.g., insects and ticks), cats, dogs or infected people.Risk groupsFarmers, grain handlers, hikers, campers and people in occu-

pations with unpredictable or incidental contact with rodents or their nesting materials are at risk. Such occupations include tele-phone installers, oil workers, plumbers, electricians, pest control offi cers, certain construction, maintenance and wildlife workers and workers whose occupation is to clean, demolish or otherwise work in areas/buildings that may be infested with rodents.

TreatmentPeople who develop a fever or respiratory illness within six

weeks of potential exposure to sources of infection should seek medical attention immediately. The physician should be informed of the potential exposure and of the suspected risk of Hantavirus disease. Persons with the disease will require intensive, support-ive care to treat the symptoms.

Preventive measures1. Control rodents2. Clean buildings and worksites before use3. Minimize exposure to sources of infection1. Control rodentsRemove rodents from infested areas and buildingsUse traps – Trap rodents in buildings with spring-loaded mouse

traps. Bait the traps with dried fruit or peanut butter mixed with oats or cheese. Be sure the bait is securely attached to the trip pedal, or the trap may not spring when the food is removed. Set traps at right angles to the walls where the rodents are known to travel, with the bait side of the trap towards the wall. Bait the traps without setting them for the fi rst few nights.

Remove dead rodents safely – Spray the trap with a disinfectant prior to removing the rodent. Disinfectants (such as a 1:10 dilu-tion of Javex or another household bleach, 70% alcohol, or most general purpose household disinfectants) are effective in killing the Hantavirus. Make sure the label indicates the product is a disinfectant. Wearing gloves, transfer the rodent to a disinfectant solution and soak before transferring it to a plastic bag. Close the bag with a twist tie, then place it in a second bag and seal it with a twist tie. Dispose of the bagged rodent by placing it in the regular garbage. Disinfect the area (do not reuse the disinfectant solution used to soak the rodent). Wash your hands and exposed skin sur-faces thoroughly with soap and water.

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Guidelines for seed-borne diseases of pulse cropsSeed quality is very im-

portant in pulse produc-tion, as the costs of seed and seed treatments are a significant part of overall input costs. “Quality seed” may have different mean-ings depending on whether the seed is being sold for food or feed, or being used for planting. If the seed is for planting, “quality” re-fers to seed that has a high germination, is intact, free from foreign materials and weed seeds, and has zero or low levels of seed-borne diseases. This article will focus on the importance of seed-borne diseases in quality pulse seed.

Planting pulse seed that is free of ascochyta blight and other important seed-borne diseases is the pri-mary means to limit the introduction of pathogens into a field, and prevent early establishment of dis-ease.

Planting infected seed may result in a widespread distribution of disease within the crop, and an in-creased number of initial infection sites from which the disease can spread. As an example, consider the development of ascochyta blight in a chickpea crop. Since there is a high rate of seed-to-seedling transmis-sion of this disease, even a small percentage of infect-ed seed can result in sig-nificant seedling infection in the field. For a seed lot with 0.1 per cent ascochy-ta infection (one infected seed in 1,000 seeds) and a planting density of three to four plants/ft.2, 175 infect-ed seedlings per acre could potentially result. This is

a substantial amount of early infection for such an aggressive disease.

Importance of Seed Test-ing

It is recommended to have seed tested at an ac-credited laboratory to assess the levels of seed-borne diseases. Commer-cial laboratories can test pulse seed to determine the level of seed-borne fungi that cause asco-chyta blight, anthracnose, botrytis seedling blight and grey mould, and sclerotinia. A parallel test for germination will indi-cate whether seed quality has been affected by such factors as immaturity, disease, mechanical in-jury and chemical damage. Testing for vigour may also be beneficial, as it serves as an indication of how seed will respond in less than ideal growing condi-tions.

Preferably, buy only cer-tified seed with demon-strated good quality. How-ever, keep in mind that certified seed, according to The Seeds Act (federal regulations), has only to meet standards for ger-mination and purity, not for diseases. The motto is “buyer-beware” when pur-chasing pulse seed. Ask to see the lab certificate be-fore purchasing seed.

For more information about seed testing, refer to the Commercial Seed Ana-lysts Association of Can-ada Inc. website /http://www.seedanalysts.com/.

Limitations of Disease Testing

A sample submitted to a lab is only a small repre-

sentation of the larger seed lot, and its value is depen-dent on how the sample was collected. Due to the statistical nature of small samples, even a carefully selected representative sample may not quantify the exact disease level. For example, a zero per cent seed test result cannot guarantee that the entire seed lot is free of disease.

The number of seeds tested affects the accura-cy of the test. Many pulse seed tests are done with a 400-seed sample, but a 1,000-seed sample is sometimes used for asco-chyta blight of chickpea. By increasing the num-ber of seeds to 1,000, the probability of detecting a small amount of infection is increased. For example, a 1,000-seed test can de-tect 0.1 per cent infection (one in 1,000), whereas a 400-seed sample test may have provided a zero per cent infection result. Thus, the 1,000-seed sample de-creases the likelihood of getting a false negative result. The difference be-tween zero per cent and 0.1 per cent infection can be important with a dis-ease like ascochyta blight of chickpea, when weather conditions favour disease spread. The ability to de-tect low levels of infection and avoid false negative re-sults is more important for chickpea than for lentil or field pea, and more impor-tant for seed growers than commercial growers.

Cleaning Seed Diseased seed is often

shrunken or discoloured, although this is not al-

ways the case. Severely ascochyta-infected seed may grade as No. 1 and still be carrying the fungus. Botrytis-infected seed is often shrunken. Cleaners and colour sorters can be used to remove some dis-eased or damaged seed to improve the seed quality for planting. Furthermore, it is recommended that producers have their seed cleaned and sized to allow for consistent f low in seed-ing equipment.

If requested, seed test-ing labs will clean seed to a standard level (based on screen size) before testing the lot for germination and disease. If the seed sample is very dirty, a disease test cannot be conducted with-out cleaning the seed first. As there is usually an ex-tra charge to the client for cleaning to a suitable level, it is important to talk to the lab to confirm your expec-tations regarding cleaning.

Germination Seed should be tested for

germination to determine its suitability for planting. Germination can decrease in the bin over the winter, especially if the seed was immature or damaged at harvest. It is a good invest-ment to re-test seed for germination in the spring, if quality was questionable in the fall. Increasing the seeding rate will compen-sate for low germination, but only to a certain extent. If the reduced germination was a result of disease, an increased seeding rate can introduce more disease into the field.

As well, do not use seed from a pulse crop that was treated with pre-harvest glyphosate. Chemically-damaged seed will show poor root development and may result in some seed-lings dying and, in extreme cases, a complete crop fail-ure.

Vigour Some labs provide vigour

testing, but there is still some debate about the best testing protocol and how to interpret results. Vigour is a measure of germination when seed is placed in less than ideal growing condi-tions, such as low tempera-tures.

Some people believe that a vigour test is a valuable indicator of seed perfor-mance, as it mimics natu-ral field conditions. The smaller the gap between per cent germination and per cent vigour, the more sound the seed is believed to be. If there is a signifi-cant discrepancy between these two values, it is im-portant to determine why

the vigour was reduced, e.g. mechanical damage, a high proportion of green seed, herbicide damage, etc. Knowing the cause of the problem will help in the decision to plant the seed, or to source another seed lot with acceptable vigour.

The Value of Fungicide Seed Treatments

Fungicide seed treat-ments protect seed vi-ability and inhibit diseas-es like seed rot and seed Fungicide seed treatments protect seed viability and inhibit diseases like seed rot and seedling blight. Seed treatments protect the seed in two ways: by controlling fungi present either on the seed surface or carried internally in the seed; and by controlling fungi present in the soil, or on crop residue in the soil.

Treating seed ensures that the crop gets off to a good start. But keep in mind that seed treatments will not “cure” a poor seed lot that has high propor-tions of dead, damaged or infected seed.

The degree of control with seed treatment de-pends on five factors: (1) fungicide active ingredi-ents, (2) rate of applica-tion, (3) seed- and soil-borne fungal diseases present, (4) environmental conditions, and (5) quality of seed coverage.

The latter point cannot be overlooked-full cover-age of the product over the seed coat is essential to en-sure protection.

If you are testing seed on-farm, equipment must be carefully calibrated to ensure proper mixing of the seed and chemical to provide adequate cover-age. This becomes even more important for fun-gicides with contact ac-tivity. Large-sized pulse seed may be easily dam-aged during treatment, so reduce velocity within the equipment and during au-gering if possible. The rate of application listed on the product label must be adhered to, because over-treatment may injure the seed, and under treatment may not provide adequate disease control.

In general, seed treat-ments may have either sys-temic or contact modes of action. Controlling fungi that are carried within the seed requires a systemic product (i.e. smut in bar-ley), whereas contact or protectant products are adequate for surface-borne or soil-borne fungi. Sys-temic seed treatments are diluted quite quickly with-

in the plant once the seed germinates and is actively growing. Some treatments will protect a young seed-ling against early leaf dis-ease or root rot infection, but in most cases, seed treatments are no longer effective after seedling emergence.

Note: If seed-applied Rhizobium inoculants are being used as well, it is recommended to first apply the fungicide seed treatment, allow it to dry on the seed, then add the inoculant as close to plant-ing as possible. Contact your inoculant and crop protection provider for product-specific compat-ibility information. Also refer to the Ministry publi-cation Inoculation of Pulse Crops at www.agriculture.gov. sk .c a/i no c u lat ion _pulse_crops.

Guidelines for Tolerance Levels for Planting

There are no reseach-based recommendations for what levels of seed-borne infection in pulse seed are tolerable for planting. The critical level will depend on moisture and temperature condi-tions after planting and will, therefore, vary from year to year. The decision whether to plant infected seed will also depend on a variety of factors affecting risk management.

Factors to consider when planting infected seed in-clude:

•The cost and availability of disease-free seed with good germination.

•The cost and availability of registered seed treat-ments.

•The weather conditions and disease pressure typi-cal of the region/soil cli-matic zone.

•The type of pulse crop. •The type of disease

present in the seed and proximity to other sources of disease inoculum.

•Plans for infield scout-ing; availability and costs of foliar fungicides.

Despite the above vari-ables, the following guide-lines were developed to give pulse producers some assistance when making decisions about seed-borne diseases.

These guidelines are based partly on knowl-edge of the biology of dif-ferent diseases, partly on published research, and partly on crop insurance considerations. However, because of the biological, agronomic, environmental and economic variables mentioned, the guidelines should be treated as rules of thumb.

Harvesting Prairie

Gold


SCOTT MOE MLA Rosthern - Shellbrook

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NADINE WILSON MLA Sask Rivers1.888.763.0615

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JEREMY HARRISON MLA Meadow Lake

[email protected]

Your local Saskatchewan Party MLA’s Your local Saskatchewan Party MLA’s Salute Our Farming CommunitySalute Our Farming Community

Thanks for your hard work and dedication ... it is the heart and Thanks for your hard work and dedication ... it is the heart and soul of our agricultural industry!soul of our agricultural industry!

To produce all of the crops we need each year, farmers rely on best management practices to ensure that they are farming as efficiently and responsibly as pos-sible. This includes things like crop rotation, scouting for pests, and controlling weeds and diseases on their prop-erties.

One of the challenges of dealing pests is that they can become resis-

tant to the farmers at-tempts to control them. Farmers who grow ge-netically modified crops take specific steps to ad-dress this issue.

For example, grow-ers of insect-resistant corn must grow a certain amount of non-resistant corn to reduce the po-tential for insects to de-velop a resistance to the insect-resistant corn.

Growers of herbicide-tolerant crops are en-

couraged to apply other management practices, like rotating their crops and herbicides to mini-mize the number of herbicide-tolerant vol-unteers (crops from pre-vious years) as well as weeds that compete for light, water and nutri-ents, and all of which can reduce yields. Removing volunteers allows the farmer to produce more food on less land while using fewer resources.

Success on the farm means following certain

management practices

Salute to the farmers who work hardraise food and care for the land!

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The unpredictable world of Beekeeping30 Shellbrook Chronicle and Spiritwood Herald Agriculture Edition September 26, 2014

“ It’s OK, she is just visit-ing,” said Murray Hannigan after being told he had a bee on his cheek.”Sometimes you are more likely getting stung by trying to remove it (the bee), so I just leave it,” he said casually with a smile.

Once Hannigan is in the fi eld moving around bee-hives and working closely with the bees - sometimes without veil and gloves - he easily blends in with the environment. Hundreds of bees hover over him with a haunting but harmonious buzzing, sometimes landing gently on his skin without using their powerful sting. There is no need for them to become defensive. Murray and the bees become one.

And after decades work-ing with these complex be-ings, Murray can feel and classify their behavior, quickly identifying if they are happy or not based on the way they move when fl apping their wings.

He calls them his “pets,” which is understandable considering these little in-sects produce over 700,000 pounds of honey each year for Hannigan Honey.

The decline of honeybees has made the headlines across the globe in the last few months. But is there really a problem all across Canada?

Not according to some Saskatchewan producers, or at least not in the prai-ries.

Calvin Parsons, director of the Saskatchewan Bee-keepers Association, said the bee population in the country is not declining.

“It’s nonsense,” he said. “There are local bee short-ages in some places, but in the prairies, the colonies count has come up.”

According to Parsons, winter losses in Saskatch-ewan accounted for 20 per cent, which is “slightly above normal, but not very signifi cant.”

“There are more bee colonies in the world right now than has ever been.”

The late start of spring this year has also made things diffi cult for beekeep-ers, resulting in a late pol-lination.

“April was hard on our bees,” he said. “It was so cold and the bees got no pollen until May.”

Beekeepers in the prov-ince normally expect to see pollen by April 20.

Parsons said it’s still soon to predict if the honey pro-duction will suffer from the late start of pollination this year.

The rumor about the de-cline in honeybees does not apply to Hannigan Honey either. The company used to go into winter with 4,000 beehives just four years ago, and now they are going into winter with 4,600 beehives.

However, Murray does not deny that there issues causing problems for some beekeepers.

The parasite that honey

producers are dealing with now is called the Varroa de-structor mite. The parasite moved across from a sting-less bee out of south asia called Melipona. The latter had developed systems to tolerate this parasite. When Varroa mite moved on to Apis mellifera, the Europe-an honeybee used for most Canadian honey producers, it was a “disaster.”

According to the Cana-dian Honey Council, Varroa mites were fi rst reported in New Brunswick in 1989. Since then the mites have spread across Canada. Over time the mites have devel-oped resistance to the syn-thetic chemical treatments (fl uvalinate and couma-phos). All provinces are re-porting treatment tolerant varroa mites

“Our honeybee had no systems built in to deal with this parasite,” he said. “As beekeepers, we couldn’t

afford to wait years for our bees to develop systems (to fi ght the parasite).”

Although producers were in a hurry to defeat the problem, during those early years, people didn’t know how to properly control the parasite, and ended up harming the bees.

“We (at Hannigan Honey) were very cautions through those years,” said Murray. “Even our science com-munity wasn’t sure to what would work, and they would advise things sometimes that would turn out to be a disaster.”

Murray said that the honeybee population in Saskatchewan brought from south Europe, had challenges enough being stressed out with the harsh winters of the province.

“We didn’t need any more challenges.”

Murray said he has been fortunate enough to stum-

ble onto some ideas to treat these parasites.

“If we treat this parasite at a crazy early time, much earlier than we ever used to go into our beehives, now we do our treatment for the parasite in March.

“We are catching the parasite before there is any signifi cant damage,” said Murray. “That allows us to kill this parasite while it’s living on the outer shell of the bees instead of having this parasites reproducing under the brood.

Murray said that what might explain the honey-bees making headlines across Canada is that some areas of the country have had more trouble than others. In Ontario, for ex-ample, producers have had huge problems with neonic-otinoids or neonics, a type of insecticide that’s chemi-cally reminiscent of nico-tine.

In the prairies, every canola seed has a coating of this product, the intent is the systemic will come up to the plant and kill anything that tries to eat the leaves. With canola, this diminish-es, and we are not getting any neonicotinoids into the honey. In Ontario, how-ever, corn farmers tend to use vacuum style air seed-ers instead of punch style, compressed air style. When they are seeing into the ground, particularly corn, they are using products like talc powder to prevent

the corn seeds from stick-ing together. What happens is talc powder becomes laced with neonicotinoid, and because of the style of their seeder, it’s actually ex-hausting this dust into the air behind the seeder. All it takes is a slight breeze and this dust is going over fi elds of blossoming plants. Forg-ing off of those plants and killing beehives.

“In the prairies, we don’t have that style of seeding and we don’t grow a lot of corn,” said Murray.

Other managerial de-cisions might be helping Hannigan Honey thrive.

At Hannigan Honey, they don’t usually bring bees in. They are able to allow all their reproduction in the house. This year however, they did it differently.” We thought that the spring was going to be so late, that the queen bees we normally raise would not have time to get mated and be produc-tive enough to go through the winter of 14/15.” So they brought in outside stock, but they are still keeping the Saskatchewan genetics from another producer.

When importing bees, there is always a risk of those bees passing on para-sites. Since different spe-cies of bees can pass on parasites, it’s a question if the parasites would have resistant to the treatments used.

“That one of the concerns, that we don’t bring in para-sites that tag along or that the parasites would have re-sistance to our treatments,” he said. “We may not even know that we brought in parasites because they are too small to see, and we could cause destruction.”

Murray said he realized the risks, but it was a deci-sion he had to make due to the lateness of spring this year.

“Because of help of good science and very good peo-ple in our operation, we have been able to stay in course and our operation continues to fl ourish,” said Murray.

Hannigan Honey is one of the biggest honey produc-ers in Saskatchewan. His dad started the business in 1940 when sugar was being rationed. My grandmother needed more sweetener for producing food for the helpers and she asked her husband for it. He loved it. Murray took over the busi-ness, and still displays pas-sion and excitement for the business, refl ecting in many of his managerial decisions.

Continued on page 31

A Honey Bee eyes up this borage plant for the gathering of the pollen.

According to Statistics Canada,

Details Geography Estimates 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Canada

Beekeepers3 7,028 7,403 7,713r 8,312 8,483Colonies3 592,120 620,291 637,920r 690,037 672,094Production of honey, total (pounds x 1,000)4 70,362 81,672r 79,824r 90,759 75,488

Value of honey, total (dollars x 1,000)5 126,253 144,197r 150,691r 176,206 176,153

Saskatchewan

Beekeepers3 971 965 850 748 715Colonies3 85,000 86,000 90,000 110,000 100,000Production of honey, total (pounds x 1,000)4 17,000 18,404 15,930 23,125 18,200

Value of honey, total (dollars x 1,000)5 25,500 28,526 24,692 38,156 37,310


The unpredictable world of BeekeepingContinued from page 30

Hanningan Honey current-ly employs 35 people, out of which 14 are foreign workers. Seven of these employees are from Nicaragua, and seven are from Mexico. They move out here for the six months of production, and go back their country during the winter. He provides accommodation for his staff.

Murray said he always tries to hire people that worked for him in the past, strengthening relations between him and the employees.

“We try to keep them as much as we can before they move on to something else. The more on-job experience people gain; it also benefi ts the company and its produc-tivity.”

“Understanding what is go-ing on in a beehive is critical, and that comes with experi-ence.”

Murray said he has not only taken courses to improve him-self as a manager, but he has taken his staff to attend Dale Carnegie classes “It has helped our staff improve themselves,” he said. “If your staff are doing well both mentally, physically and fi nancially, chances are they will good a job for you.”

Murray tries to empower his employees by encourag-ing them to have “ownership of their actions” and create a mutual understanding.

“You have to create the at-mosphere for good work,” he said.

The results speak for them-selves. “Sometimes my staff is even more disappointed than I am when we don’t

have a good production.” He sees the disappointment as positive.”Everybody is invest-ed in what we do here.”

We produce 700 and 800 pounds of honey in a year. Be-cause they produce so much honey, and Saskatchewan does not have many residents, they depend on outside mar-kets. Last year one third of honey produced went to Ja-pan. In the past 10 years sev-eral million pounds have gone to U.S. markets

“U.S. has been a big market for us.”

“We are constantly explor-ing new markets, we have sold to Europe, Japan,” Right now they are in conversation with a Chinese company. Constantly striving to increase produc-tion, “We would like to pro-duce 1 million pounds- right now we are stuck around 700 to 800 thousand.”

The closest was in 2009, producing 850 thousand pounds.

“We keep looking for a big year.” This year could be possibly less than 700 pounds.”That’s disappoint-

ing.”The feeling is that they will

be about 10 per down cent this year.”There are factors that we can’t put our fi ngers on” It

was a diffi cult start. Instead of 3300 production colonies, they are down to 3000 colo-nies.

Every year we keep look-

ing for the big production,” We thought that might be this year because of all the hard work.” And now they are going to be down about 10 per cent.

“I think about having people to make my life easier”. Even though he does not plan on re-tiring completely, he has taken a business partner, Dave Phil-ip.

He has been working for Hannigan Honey since 1996 and has been a partner since January 1, 2013.

Dave enjoyed his years working at Hannigan’s when he was a teenager and al-though he left for a brief time to pursue other interests, he returned to the business knowing that beekeeping was what he wanted to do. He thoroughly enjoys the chal-lenging science of beekeeping, his partnership with Murray and Ruby, and his daily inter-actions with the staff. “He is a wonderful young man and treats our staff exceptionally.”

“There is still a lot of mys-tery behind the behavior of colonies. One year with appar-ently the same conditions we will produce a lot more than the previous year. There are factors there we can speculate on, but we don’t completely understand. “

Honey the purest food source in the world drips from a special fi lter bag.

Murray has no qualms about working around the bees. The smoke helps to keep the bees calm.

Honey the purest food source in the world drips from a special filter

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Keeping children safe on farms

Government reduces 2015 SaskPower rate increase

Farms are unique envi-ronments where families work, live and play. This scenario is not repeated on such a large scale in any other industry or work-place. It raises unique chal-lenges that other business operators don’t have to con-sider.

Farm owners and op-erators should take time to look around the farm and identify the hazards, par-ticularly those that pose the greatest risk to children. Get the kids involved, a sort of safety ‘eye spy’.

The hazards children face•All animals can be un-

predictable, especially if startled or protecting their young. Children can also be infected by a number of animal diseases such as leptosporis, ringworm and diarrhoea.

•Children lack the judge-ment, body weight and strength to operate full sized farm vehicles like ATVs.

•Children need to un-derstand why tractors can be so dangerous. Younger children are most likely to be injured while playing on or near tractors. Older children are most likely to be injured as passengers or while carrying out farm tasks.

•All farm machinery has the potential to cause harm and should only be operat-ed by adults. Guards could have perforations small enough for children’s hands to get through. Workshops need to be kept locked and all machinery should have appropriate safety guards.

•Farms need to have a map of all the water haz-ards on the property – riv-ers creeks, troughs, dips, tanks, dams and ponds.

Water also poses the risk of burns, especially in the dairy shed where hot water is used at scalding tempera-tures.

•It is the responsibility of adults to ensure all danger-ous chemicals used on the farm are stored safely, out of the reach of children.

•Road safety on private roads as well as public roads is vital. It is impor-tant to have children in car seats and seat belts when in cars, utes and trucks.

Tips for child safety on farms

This image shows a child in high-visibility overalls walking past a tractor. The

child is walking, hand-in-hand with an adult, around the farm identifying haz-ards. •Walk around the farm with children and identify the hazards to-gether.

•Adult supervision is the key, for young children it needs to be close and active.

•Lead by example. For ex-ample, always wear an ap-proved helmet on an ATV.

•Think about whether it’s practical to have safety fences around play areas, animal enclosures, work ar-eas and water spots.

•Keep doors shut or locked so little ones can’t get anywhere they’re not

supposed to.•Remove keys from doors

and vehicles, and never leave vehicles unattended with the motor running.

•Make sure it is safe to reverse farm vehicles. The best way to do this is to walk around the vehicle and ensure children are a safe distance away before start-ing the engine.

•Children do not ride on tractors, or ATVs.

•Ensure children wear high visibility clothing when out and about on the farm.

•Teach children to wash their hands after touching animals.

•Cover tanks and wells with child restraint covers or fi ll-in any that are un-used.

•Spare tractor wheels should be tied to a wall or left lying fl at so they can’t topple over and crush a child.

•If children are riding a smaller model farm bike they should be properly equipped with an approved helmet and closed in shoes. An adult should always su-pervise.

•Older children should not ride farm bikes until they can place both feet fi rmly on the ground on either side when seated

on the bike. They should also be taught the dangers of speeding and uneven ground.

•Make sure children know what to do in an emergency. What to do, where to go and who to call. Teach children basic fi rst aid.

•Make it a rule for old-er children to always say where they are going.

Children do listen, under-stand, remember and apply rules over time. But things change - seasonal work, new hazards, environmen-tal changes, getting older, having friends over - farm safety needs to be constant-ly reviewed and updated.

Let’s keep our children out of harms way.

The Government of Saskatch-ewan today announced its decision concerning Sask-Power’s multi-year rate ap-plication: •Approval of the system-wide average rate increase of 5.5 per cent that was effective January 1, 2014. This will not affect current billing as it has been in effect since January 1, 2014, on an interim basis.•Reduce SaskPower’s system-wide average rate increase of 5.0 per cent, previously con-ditionally approved, to 3.0 per cent effective January 1, 2015. “Saskatchewan’s power infra-structure is aging and needs to be replaced,” Minister re-sponsible for SaskPower Bill Boyd said. “Our province’s economy and population is growing, creating greater

demand for power. This in-crease is necessary to ensure every resident and business in Saskatchewan has a reliable and secure source of power.“SaskPower is forecasting an improved fi nancial outlook for 2015 and is therefore able to reduce the 2015 rate in-crease percentage from what was originally requested. The company is always looking for ways to reduce operational costs and fi nd business effi -ciencies, at the same time bal-ancing the need to invest for Saskatchewan’s future power needs.”SaskPower submitted its ap-plication in October 2013 to the Saskatchewan Rate Re-view Panel (SRRP) to fund ongoing major investments in the province’s electrical sys-

tem and keep pace with the growing economy and popu-lation base. After a thorough review of the application, the SRRP recommended government approve the requested 2014 rate increase and condition-ally approve the requested system-wide average 5.0 per cent increase for 2015. Af-ter careful consideration, the Government of Saskatchewan has approved the 2014 in-crease request as submitted, but due to an improved fi nan-cial outlook for 2015, a 3.0 per cent system-wide average rate increase instead of the condi-tionally-approved 5.0 per cent has been approved. The 2014 rate increase took effect on January 1, 2014, on an interim basis and re-

sulted in an average monthly increase of $5 per urban resi-dential customer. The newly recommended system-wide average 3.0 per cent increase for 2015 will mean an addi-

tional $3 per month on aver-age for urban residential cus-tomers. SaskPower’s rate strategy is to maintain competitive and affordable rates while bal-

ancing the need to fund an estimated $1 billion per year investment in Saskatchewan’s electrical infrastructure into the future.

Salute to the farmers who work hardraise food and care for the land!

All about the volumes

Ag Industry walks the talk when it comes

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Heading past the half-way point of September, the pace of the North American harvest picked up with excellent weather allowing crops to dry out from late growing season rains. That being said, the quality of the crop com-ing off is quite variable with reports of fields next to each other swaying a few grades one way or the other! As such, we’ve seen prices for higher quality crops spreading higher against their lower

grade counterparts. For example, the Saskatch-ewan Ministry of Agricul-ture said recently that 79 per cent of the provincial durum crop will fall into the bottom two grades! Thus, from what we’ve seen, prices have already adjusted to the variable quality so further increas-es may limited based on the fact that there’s record crops coming off across the world, especially (and obviously by now) in corn, wheat, soybeans.

N o n e t h e l e s s , A.B.A.R.E.S., the Aus-sie U.S.D.A., trimmed its forecast of wheat and canola exports to five-and four-year lows respective-ly, on expectations that a smaller crop will be taken off. A.B.A.R.E.S. down-sized its forecast for to-tal wheat production last week by 360,000 to 24.23 million tonnes (U.S.D.A.’s at 25.5 million tonnes) and, from that, 18.1 mil-lion tonnes of that will get exported this year

(U.S.D.A.’s at 19 million tonnes). As for canola, exports are forecasted to fall by 28 per cent year-over-year to 2.3 million tonnes, mostly because 10 per cent less crop is com-ing off than last year with only 3.39 million tonnes in 2014/15. All of this in mind, some chilly weather (read: frost) in Southern and Eastern Australia aren’t helping much a few weeks before their earli-est-seeded stuff gets har-vested.

Coming back to North America, recent appli-cable crop insurance acreage data out from the U.S.D.A.’s Farm Ser-vice Agency suggests more acres than previ-ous thought, but also more acres were lost to prevented plantings. It comes as no surprise re-ally that the biggest pre-vent plant states for corn and soybeans were in the northern U.S. regions, specially North Dakota & Minnesota, which saw a combined 834,000 acres of prevented plant corn (or 53 per cent of the to-tal) and 517,000 acres of soybeans prevented plantings (or 61.5 per cent of the total). One thing to remember though is that the data from the F.S.A. is still incomplete and while the trade reacted strong-ly to the report, the real numbers to focus on will be out in October.

Finally, In an interest-ing move, C.P. Rail filed a lawsuit against the Ca-nadian Transportation Agency & the Attorney General of Canada, stat-ing that the new inter-switching rules aren’t legitimate as the govern-ment “abused its discre-tion” and exceeded its jurisdiction” in changing things. Ag Minister Gerry Ritz balked at the lawsuit, saying that by extending the interswitching limit to 160km from the previous

30km, shippers have bet-ter access to rail competi-tion. C.P. is claiming the new rules will cost them $13 million in additional admin & operations and that it will actually make moving grain harder, not easier. On top of this, C.N. Rail is getting a financial slap on the wrist for not meeting the weekly grain movement mandate. It seems that with most big elevators (read: easy-to reach grain) now ser-viced, the hard-to-reach business (i.e. producer cars and shortlines) isn’t generating the same vol-umes!

Brennan TurnerPresident, FarmLead.

comBrennan Turner is

originally from Foam Lake, SK, where his fam-ily started farming the land in the 1920s. After completing his degree in economics from Yale University and then play-ing some pro hockey, Mr. Turner spent some time working in finance before starting FarmLead.com, a risk-free, transparent online and mobile grain marketplace (app avail-able for iOS & Android). His weekly column is a summary of his free, dai-ly market note, the Farm-Lead Breakfast Brief. He can be reached via email ( b . t u r n e r @ f a r m l e a d .com) or phone (1-855-332-7653).

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Did you know that in Canada, an industry funded organization called CleanFARMS runs an empty pesticide container recycling program? More than 100 million containers have been recycled since 1989. These con-tainers are recycled into new products that can be safely used back on the farm.

In addition, the plant science industry has collected and responsibly disposed of more than 1.9 million kilograms of obsolete pes-ticides from farms with the help of govern-ment and other stakeholders.


Rental agreements - put it in writingKaren Smith, BSA, PAg

Regional Farm Business Management Specialist, Tisdale

Regional Services BranchSaskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture

Rental and lease agreements are a fundamental part of most farming and production operations in Saskatchewan. Whether it is land, pasture, machinery, livestock or virtually anything that takes place on the farm, there is potential for some type of con-tractual agreement. These agreements are often informal and sealed with a simple word or handshake, generally with friends, neighbors or even family. However, sometimes the parties in-volved will have a difference of opinion and values. These differ-ences become an issue when assumptions are made on behalf of the other party and can cause complications with the informal agreement. Laying everything out clearly and effi ciently in a written agreement can help avoid these types of situations.

A well-written agreement should lay out all of the impor-

tant aspects and terms, as determined by both parties. Gen-eral aspects of the written agreement may include the length of agreement, payment schedules, each party’s responsibilities and termination conditions. There will also be specifi c criteria and questions that need to be answered depending on what the agreement is for. For example, a crop share lease may include the method of calculating the share while a pasture lease may specify the allowable grazing time on the land.

Expectations and how they are to be achieved by both parties should also be identifi ed. Ultimately, both parties need to agree on the contract, this may mean taking the time to discuss the specifi cs of the agreement to determine what they consider to be reasonable.

Upon reaching an agreeable written document, both parties should take the time to carefully review it. If either party has concerns over what is written, it is important to discuss these issues before signing takes place. Obtaining outside legal advice is recommended to ensure the agreement is fair to everyone who

is involved. Time has a way of changing values and opinions so it is important that any written agreements be fl exible. Once the agreement is in place it needs to be reviewed periodically and any changes that are made need to be reviewed and signed by both parties.

The Ministry of Agriculture has several publications available to help create successful rental and lease agreements. These include publications such as the Crop Share Lease Agreement, Cash Lease Agreement and the Pasture Lease Agreement. These publications discuss some of the key concepts that should to be considered when creating an agreement. There are sample agreements in some of these publications; however these tem-plates should act as guidelines only and each producer will need to tailor them for their specifi c needs.

For more information on this, or other farm business manage-ment related topics, please contact Karen Smith, at 306-873-8841, or call the Agriculture Knowledge Centre at 1-866-457-2377, or visit our websiteat www.agriculture.gov.sk.ca.

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Shortbox, Crewcab, 4WD, 5.3L, V8, Auto, 115,568 Kms$21,990


STK # 14291A

STK # 14425A

STK # 14211A STK # 14189A STK # 14336ASTK # 14235A

STK # 15036A

STK # 14401B STK # 14376ASTK # 15002A

STK # 14129A

STK # 14210A

STK # 14051A STK # 14074A STK # 14228A

2008 GMC ENVOY 4WD

4 Spd. 4.2L, Auto 153,966 Kms $12,990


STK # 14256A

2010 GMC YUKON 1500 4WD

6.2L, V8. Auto, 149,459 Kms $31,900


STK # 14451A

2011 CHEV EQUINOX 1LT AWD

2.4L, L4, Auto, 71,517 Kms

$20,990$168.93 Biweekly O.A.C.

STK # 14423A

2010 CHEV AVALANCHE 1500

4WD, 5.3L, V8, Auto, 109,866 Kms

$29,990$241.11 Biweekly O.A.C.

STK # 15023P

2012 GMC TERRAIN SLE AWD

2.4L, L4, Auto, 48,106 Kms $20,990


STK # 14281A


4WD, Crew Cab, 6.6L, V8, Auto, Duramax Diesel, 163,491 Kms

$36,990$297.25 Biweekly O.A.C.

STK # 15091A

2012 CHEV EQUINOX 2LT AWD

6 Cyl, Auto, 66,549 Kms $23,990


STK # 13352A

2011 CHEV TAHOE LTZ

4X4, Auto, 51,354 Kms

$44,900$217.05 Biweekly O.A.C.

STK # CB688A

16 shellbrook chronicle and spiritwood herald

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