１．序

古英語（Old English : OE）の等位接続構文の統語形式を扱った主要な記述的研究として

Reszkiewicz（１９６６），Traugott（１９７２）およびMitchell（１９８５）がある。そこでは，OEの語

順の顕著な特徴の一つとして次のことが記述されている。つまり，句等位接続構文（＝各等位

項が句（phrase）である等位接続構文）として，統語形式上，等位項と等位項が接している

次の（１）に示したようなものだけでなく，等位項が分離している（２）に例示したようなも

のが用いられた。

（１）X１＆X２型 （X１，X２＝等位項；＆＝等位接続詞）

Her Kynegils 7 Cwichelm gefuhton on Beandune, ... (ChronE 614.1―2) (＝Inthis year Cynegils and Cwichelm fought at Beandon (Bampton?), ...)

（２）X１ ... & X２型

ａ．Chron. 12.2. (455) æfter am Hengest feng to rice 7 Æsc his sunu ‘after

that Hengest succeeded to kingdom and Æsc his son＝and after that

Hengest and his son Æsc succeeded to the kingdom’. (Traugott (1972 : 97))

ｂ．Chron. 265.10 (1137) Xpist slept 7 his halechen ‘Christ slept and his

apostles＝Christ and his apostles slept’. (ibid.)

岩田（２００７；２００８）は，Reszkiewicz（１９６６）等によるこの記述の妥当性を古英語の散文

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (Thorpe (1964 : vol.1)) (Chron)（１４９，３１１語）を用いて検討した。

その結果，この記述が妥当なものであることを示し，さらに Reszkiewicz（１９６６）等の先行研

古英語の句等位接続構文の統語形式再考

〔ABSTRACT〕 This paper deals with the syntactic forms of coordinate

constructions in Old English (OE). In OE the coordinate constructions of the form

(ii) in which a conjunct is split were used, as well as those of the form (i) :

(i) X1& X2 (&＝a coordinate conjunction)

(ii) X1 ... & X2

The purpose of this paper is two fold ; to offer detailed data on the frequency of

the use of these forms, and to examine the adequacy of the description about the

frequency of the use of these forms which is given by Iwata (2007 ; 2008) on the

basis of The York-Tronto-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Prose. As a result

of the investigation, Iwata’s (2007 ; 2008) description is proved to be sound.

〔キーワード〕 古英語，句等位接続構文，非分離形式，分離形式，記述的妥当性

岩 田 良 治

1

究ではなされていなかった相当量の実例を示しながらどのような文法的環境においてどの程度

の割合で分離形式の構文（e. g. (2)）が用いられるのかという統計上の数値に基づいた記述を

提示した。

本稿の目的は，岩田（２００７：１９４の註２；２００８：２０３の註２）で指摘されている英語の句等位

接続構文の統語形式に関する課題の一つに対する解答を試みることである。つまり，

Reszkiewicz（１９６６）などによる上記の記述の妥当性を検討し OEの句等位接続構文の統語形

式を記述するにあたって，岩田（２００７；２００８）は上述のように OEの言語事実を収集するテキ

ストとして Chronという単一のテキストのみを使用した。そのため，その検討結果が果たし

て古英語一般についてどの程度妥当なものであるのかという課題が残っている。そこで本稿で

は英語の１００の散文テキスト（総語数１５０万語）を収めているコーパスである The York-

Toronto-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Prose (YCOE) を用いて，古英語の句等位

接続構文の統語形式を再度調べることにする。そして，その調査結果に基づいて，OEの句等

位接続構文の非分離形式（e. g. (1)）と分離形式の使用率に関する岩田（２００７；２００８）の記述

の妥当性を検討してみたい。

２．先行研究

まず，Reszkiewicz（１９６６）によれば，OEでは，句等位接続構文として（１）の形式の構

文と並んで，（２）のような不連続構文が用いられ，後者が OEの典型的な特徴である（１）。次

に，Traugott（１９７２：９７）によると，（２）のタイプの分離形式の等位構文は初期古英語

（Early Old English）と中期古英語（Middle Old English）で特に普通に用いられ（cf. (2

a)），後期古英語（Late Old English）になっても用いられた（cf. (2 b)）。さらに，Mitchell

（１９８５：§１４６４，§１４７２）も，OEでは分離形式の等位構文が普通に用いられたと述べている。

このように，Reszkiewicz（１９６６），Traugott（１９７２：９７），Mitchell（１９８５：§１４６４，§１４７

２）のいずれもが，OEにおいて，句等位接続構文として非分離形式のものだけでなく分離形

式のものも用いられたと指摘している。しかし，そのいずれにおいてもそれぞれの形式が果た

してどの程度の割合で使用されたのかについては示されていない。そこで，岩田（２００７；

２００８）は Chronの英語を，この年代記が書き始められた８９１年から１０００年までのものと１００１年

から１１５４年に書かれたものに区分し，それぞれを OE（―１０００）と OE（１００１―１１５４）と表記し，このテキストで使用されている句等位接続構文の非分離形式（例えば下記の（３）と（４））

と分離形式（例えば下記の（５）と（６））の使用率を調査した。その結果は下記の（７）の

ようにまとめることができる。

（３）Her Adrianus papa 7 Offa cyning for�ferdon, ... (ChronD 794.1―3) (＝In thisyear pope Adrian and king Offa died ; ...)

（４）7 te king for ider 7 besætte him 7 his brother Willelm de R.. are in e castel,

... (ChronE 1140.10) (＝And the king went thither and besieged him and his

brother William de Roumare in the castle.)

（５）Her Cynewulf benam Sigebryht his rices, 7 Westseaxna wiotan, for unryhtum

dædum, buton Hamtúnscire, ... (ChronA 755.1―5) (＝In this year Cynewulf andthe West Saxon ‘witan’ deprived Sigebryht [, his kinsman,] of his kingdom, for

his unrighteous deeds, except Hampshire ; ...)

2 天理大学学報 第６１巻第１号

（６） a on o�ran Easter dæge sæt he mid �am cyninege æt gereorde, a fræingasah he ni�er wi� æs fotsetles spræce benumen, 7 earle his mihte, ... (ChronC1053.4―7) (＝Then on the second Easter-day he was sitting with the king atrefection, when he suddenly sank down by the footstool, deprived of speech

and of all his power ; ...)

（７） OE（―１０００） OE（１００１―１１５４）非分離形式 ４００例 ４９５例

８８．９％ ８８．２％

分離形式 ５０例 ６６例

１１．１％ １１．８％

つまり，Chronでは，OE（―１０００）と OE（１００１―１１５４）のいずれの時期においてもすべての句等位接続構文のうちおよそ１１％―１２％のものが分離形式として用いられ，OEの両時期において大差なく分離形式が一般的に使用された。

では，OEの句等位接続構文の統語形式の使用率に関して Chronの英語に基づいてなされ

たこの岩田（２００７；２００８）の記述の妥当性を以下で検討してみる。

３．YCOEからの事例

まず，本節では，OEの句等位接続構文の統語形式に関する事例を紹介する。そして，その

事例を収集するための資料として本稿では，上述のように，YCOEを使用する。次に，古英

語を，The Helsinki Corpus of English Texts : Diachronic and Dialectal に従って，OE I

期（―８５０），OE II期（８５０―９５０），OE III期（９５０―１０５０），OE IV期（１０５０―１１５０）に分ける。ただし，OE I期のテキストの分量がきわめて少ないため，本稿では OE I期と OE II期をひ

とつにまとめ，収集した事例を OE I期―OE II期，OE III期，OE IV期の３期に分けて提示する。また，収集した事例は，非分離形式のものと分離形式のものに分けて示す。その際に，

現代英語と同じ形式である非分離形式の事例はできる限り少なく紹介し，形式上，現代英語と

異なる分離形式の事例はできるだけ多く紹介する。

３．１．OE I 期（―８５０）―OE II 期（８５０―９５０）３．１．１．非分離形式

（８）æfter æm Porsenna & Tarcuinius a cyningas ymbsæton Romeburg, (ID

coorosiu, Or_2 : 3.40.29.771) (＝after that Porsenna and Tarquin those kings

surrounded Rome,（２）)

（９） æt Crecisce & æt [{Affricanisce{] wæron swa swa hie him hiersumedon, &

him under ieded wære. (ID coorosiu, Or_2 : 1.36.21.711) (＝that Greek and

that African were so so-as they them obeyed, and them subjugated were.)

（１０）& he is æt fulle god & æt fullfremede, æt nanes willan wana ne bi�. (IDcoboeth, Bo : 34.83.3.1584) (＝and he is that full god and that perfect, that no

mind lacking not is.)

（１１）Ne æm treowleasan cyninge ære uplecan rea sweopon gewon wæron, æt

he urh a [{geclænsed{] & gereht beon sceolde ; (ID cobede, Bede_2 : 5.110.30.

古英語の句等位接続構文の統語形式再考 3

1047) (＝not that faithless king that upper threat whips wanting were, that he

through those cleansed and instructed be must ; )

（１２）�a �ing & eac o�ero, �e se Dryhtnes wer geseah, nales eallum monnum æhwersuongrum & heora liifes ungemendum sæcgan wolde ; (ID cobede, Bede_5 :

13.434.4.4356) (＝those things and also other, that that Lord man saw, not-at-

all all persons everywhere heavy and their life careless say would ; )

（１３）�a for�ferdum Gearomonne biscope bæd he Theodor biscop, æt he him & hisleodum biscop funde & sealde, a ne wolde he him neowne biscop halgian, (ID

cobede, Bede_4 : 3.260.22.2655) (＝then departed G. bishop asked he T. bishop,

that he him and his men bishop found and gave, then not would he him new

bishop sanctify,)

（１４）He �a eac in Cent mæssepreostas & diaconas hadode, o�æt e Theodorærcebiscop to his se�le cwom. (ID cobede, Bede_4 : 2.260.13. 2651) (＝he thenalso in Kent mass-priests and deacons ordained, until that T. archbishop to

his seat came.)

（１５） a se Wisdom a �is leo�& is gebed asungen hæfde, a ongan he eft spellian(ID coboeth, Bo : 34.82.18.1572) (＝when that wisdom then this song and this

prayer sung had, then began he again speak )

（１６）Ungecyndelic is ælcre wuhte æt hit wilnige frecennesse o��e dea�es, (IDcoboeth, Bo : 34.93.11.1788) (＝unnatural is each creature that it wish harm or

death,)

（１７）Hwy ne meaht u onne ge�encan, gif on ænegum issa eor�licena goodaæniges willan & æniges goodes wana is, onne is sum good full ælces willan,

& nis nanes goodes wana? (ID coboeth, Bo : 34.83.12.1590) (＝why not can you

then think, if on any these earthly gods any mind and any good lack is, then is

some god full each mind, and not-is no god wanting?)

（１８）& cwæ�: [{ eah{] ic his nu hwæthwugu ongite, ic wolde hit eah fullicor &openlicor of �e ongitan. (ID coboeth, Bo : 33.74.26.1387) (＝and said : although Iit now something grasp, I would it however more-fully and more-openly of you

grasp.)

（１９）Hie a longe & oftrædlice ymb æt fuhton on hweorfendum sigum. (ID

coorosiu, Or_3 : 5.58.24.1126) (＝they then long and frequently around that

fighted on turning victories.)

（２０） a for�ferde æ�elberht cyning æfter an & twentegum wintra æs e hefulwihte & Cristes geleafan onfeng, (ID cobede, Bede_2 : 5.110.6.1029) (＝then

departed A. king after one and twenty winters afterwards that he baptism and

Christ belief took,)

（２１） ara wæs III hund & hundeahtatig. (ID coorosiu, Or_3 : 6.60.22.1162) (＝ ;

that was 3 hundred and eighty.)

4 天理大学学報 第６１巻第１号

３．１．２．分離形式

（２２） a heht æ�elberht cyning in Lundenceastre cirican getimbran, & a gehalgianSancti Pauli æm apostoli, æt he in �ære stowe biscopsetl hæfde & hisæfterfylgend. (ID cobede, Bede_2 : 3.104.21.983) (＝then commanded A. king in

L. church construct, and that hallow Saint Paul that messenger, that he in

that spot bishopric had and his follower.)

（２３）�a æt Latinus hiere wer geascade, & Brutus hiere bro�or, a forleton hie �afirde e hie bewitan sceoldan, (ID coorosiu,Or_2 : 2.40.9.759) (＝when that

Collatinus her man discovered, and Brutus her brother, then relinquished they

that national-levy that they keep must, )

（２４）& ær wæs Romane ofslagen eahtatig usenda, & heora consul & his twegen

suna. (ID coorosiu, Or_5 : 8.122.10.2563) (＝and there was Romans struck-off

eighty thousand, and their consul and his two sons.)

（２５）sio an hinne aawunade, eh �e hio swi�e forht were & beofiende. (ID cobede,Bede_5 : 13.422.28.4253) (＝that one in remained, although that she very-

much timid were and trembling.)

（２６） a cwæ�he : eah nu God anfeald sie & untodæled, swa swa he is, semennisca gedwola hine todæle�on mænig mid heora unnyttum wordum. (IDcoboeth, Bo : 33.76.12.1423) (＝then said he : although now God single be and

undivided, so so-as he is, that human error him divides on many with their

useless words.)

（２７）o��e ænig ing ær wære o��e æltæwre, (ID coboeth, Bo : 34.83.28.1599) (＝orany thing earlier were or more-complete,)

（２８）& flih� ætte him wi�erweard bi�& ungebyrde & ungelic. (ID coboeth, Bo :34.92.19.1770) (＝and flees that him contrary is and uncongenial and

different.)

（２９） is ic sprece nu for �æm e ic wolde æt a ongeaten, e a tida urescristendomes leahtria�, hwelc mildsung si an wæs, si an se cristendomwæs ; & hu monigfeald wolbærnes �ære worulde ær æm wæs ; & eac æt hieoncnewen hu gelimplice ure God on æm ærran tidum a anwaldas & a ricu

sette, se ilca se e giet settende is & wendende ælce onwaldas & ælc rice to

his willan. (ID coorosiu, Or_2 : 1.38.10.737) (＝this I speak now because that I

wished that those grasped, that those times our Christendom accuse, which

mercy afterwards was, when that Christendom was ; and how manifold

calamity that world before that was ; and also that they understood how

suitably our God on those earlier times those authorities and those rules set,

that same that that yet setting is and turning each authorities and each rule

to his mind.)

（３０）Ac a cyningas e æfter Romuluse ricsedon wæron forcu�ran & eargran onnehe wære, & æm folcum la�ran & ungetæsran, o� ætte Tarcuinius, �e we ærymbe sædon, e hira [{eallra{] fraco ast wæs, æg er ge eargast, ge wrænast,

古英語の句等位接続構文の統語形式再考 5

ge ofermodgast, ealra ara Romana wif �a e he mehte he to [{geligre{]geniedde, & his suna ge afode æt he læg mid Latinus wife, Lucrettie hatte,

[{Brutuses{] sweostor, [{ a{] heo on firde wæron, �eh e hie Romana bremustewæron to �æm cyninge. (ID coorosiu, Or_2 : 2.40.1.757) (＝but those kings thatafter Romulus reigned were worse and more-slothful when he were, and those

peoples more-hated and most-troublesome, until Tarquin, that we before

around said, that them all most-vile was, both and most-slothful, and most-

unbridled, and most-proud, all those Romans women that that he prevailed he

to concubinage forced, and his son allowed that he lay with Collatinus woman,

Lucretia commanded, Brutus sister, when they on national-levy were,

although that they Romans most-famous were to that king.)

（３１） a consulas e on �æm dagum æt Sabinisce gewinn underfengon, e mon heteall hiera cynn Fabiane, for on hit ealra Romana ænlicost wæs & cræftegast.

(ID coorosiu, Or_2 : 4.42.22.799) (＝those consuls that on those days that

Sabine labor received, that one commanded all their kind Fabii, because it all

Romans most-singular was and strongest.)

（３２）Seo ilce burg Babylonia, seo �e mæst wæs & ærest ealra burga, seo is nu læst& westast. (ID coorosiu, Or_2 : 4.43.33.827) (＝that same fort Babylon, that

therefore most was and first all forts, that is now least and most-barren.)

（３３）& ær beæftan forlet eall æt ær li�es wæs & swetes ; (ID coorosiu, Or_2 :4.44.23.840) (＝and there after relinquished all that there gentle was and

sweet ; )

（３４）Ond se cyning æghwæ�erum issa biscopa his gyfe sealde & boclond & ahte,him to brucanne mid heora geferum. (ID cobede, Bede_2 : 3.104.27.987) (＝and

that king every-one these bishops his gifts gave and land-held-by-written-title

and possessions, them to use with their associates.)

（３５）& cwæ�: Hwæt sculon we onne don, nu u cwist æt we ne mægen on �araanra hwylcum æt hehste good habban & a fullan gesæl�a, (ID coboeth, Bo :33.77.20.1451) (＝and said : who must we then do, now-that you say that we

not can on those one which that highest god have and those full fortunes,)

（３６）Ic wene, cwæ�Orosius, æt nan wis mon ne sie, buton he genoh geare witeætte God one ærestan monn ryhtne & godne gesceop, & eal monncynn mid

him. (ID coorosiu, Or_2 : 1.35.28.692) (＝I imagine, said Orosius, that no wise

person not be, except he sufficiently well know that God that first person

straight and good created, and all mankind with him.)

（３７）& a bro�or ofslog & eall æt ærinne wæs. (ID coorosiu, Or_3 : 7.63.4. 1215)(＝and those brothers struck-off and all that therein was.)

（３８）& a cyningas begen ofslog & ealle a witan, (ID coorosiu, Or_3 : 7.63.10.1223)

(＝and those kings both struck-off and all those sages,)

（３９）Gif hwa ymb cyninges feorh sierwe, �urh hine o��e �urh wreccena feormungeo��e his manna, sie he his feores scyldig & ealles æs �e he age. (ID colawaf,

6 天理大学学報 第６１巻第１号

LawAf_1 : 4.21) (＝if anyone around king life planned, through him(self) or

through fugitives harbouring or his persons, be he his life guilty and all that

that he own.)

（４０）Se Procos wæs Numetores fæder & Mulieses, (ID coorosiu, Or_2 : 1.36.33.720)

(＝that Procas was Numitor father and Amulius,)

（４１）& ra�e æfter Romulus hiora anginn geunclænsade mid his bro�or slege, & eacsi an mid his hiwunge & his geferena : (ID coorosiu, Or_2 : 2.39.2.743) (＝and

hastily after Romulus their beginning soiled with his brother beating, and also

afterwards with his appearance and his companies : )

（４２）æt æm cirre wurdon Ahteniense swa wælhreowlice forslagen & forhiened æt

hie na si an nanes anwaldes hi ne bemætan ne nanes freodomes. (ID

coorosiu, Or_3 : 7.65.12.1279) (＝at that turn became Athenians so cruelly

struck and defeated that they not afterwards no authority them(selves) not

accounted neither no freedom.)

（４３）Gif mon beforan ærcebiscepe gefeohte o��e wæpne gebregde, mid L scillinga &hundteontegum gebete ; (ID colawaf, LawAf_1 : 15.67) (＝if one before

archbishop fight or weapon scheme, with 50 shillings and hundred repair ; )

（４４）From æm geare e heo getimbred wear�, wæs hire anwald M wintra & C &LX & folnæh feower, ær hio hiere anwaldes benumen wurde & beswicen from

Arbate hiere agnum ealdormenn & Me a cyninge ; eh e si�an ymbe aburg lytle hwile freodom wære buton onwalde, swa we ær sægdon, from Caldei

æm leodum. (ID coorosiu, Or_2 : 1.37.28.732) (＝from that year that she

constructed became, was her authority 1000 winters and 100 and 60 and

almost four, before she her authority taken became and deceived from Arbatus

her own ruler and Medes king ; although that afterwards around that fort

little while freedom were out-of authority, so-as we before said, from

Chaldaeans those men.)

（４５）æfter æm e Romeburg getimbred wæs II hunde wintrum & IIII, ætte

Brutus wæs se forma consul. (ID coorosiu, Or_2 : 3.40.15.762) (＝after that

that Rome constructed was 2 hundred winters and 4, that Brutus was that

first consul.)

（４６）æfter æm Romane curon III hund cempena & siex, æt sceolde to anwige

gangan wi�swa fela Sabina, (ID coorosiu, Or_2 : 4.42.28.802) (＝after thatRomans chose 3 hundred warriors and six, that must to duel go with so many

Sabines,)

（４７）æfter æm e Romeburg getimbred wæs IIII hund wintra & XXII, Alexander,

Epirotarum cyning, æs maran Alexandres eam, he mid eallum his mægene

wi�Romane winnan angan, (ID coorosiu, Or_3 : 7.60.27.1164) (＝after thatthat Rome constructed was 4 hundred winters and 22, Alexander, Epirotes

king, that greater Alexander uncle, he with all his might with Romans labor

began,)

古英語の句等位接続構文の統語形式再考 7

（４８）æfter æm e Romeburg getimbred wæs IIII hunde wintrum & VIII, gewear�ætte Romane & Latine wunnon. (ID coorosiu, Or_3 : 6.59.28.1145) (＝after

that that Rome constructed was 4 hundred winters and 8, became that

Romans and Latins labored.)

３．２．OE III 期（９５０―１０５０）３．２．１．非分離形式

（４９）& ordal & a�as syndan tocwe�en freolsdagum & rihtymbrendagum & framAdventum Domini o�octabas Epiphani+e & fram Septuagessimam o�XV nihtofer eastran. (ID colaw5atr, LawVAtr : 18.49) (＝and ordeal and oaths are

forbidden feast-days and duly-appointed-Ember-days and from to and from to

15 nights over Easters.)

（５０） a æfter ære mæssan seo modor and seo dohtor astrehton hi on gebedum æt

ære byrgene. (ID coaelive, ÆLS[Lucy] : 20.2178) (＝then after that mass that

mother and that daughter extended them(selves) on prayers at that grave.)

（５１）Eadmund se eadiga Eastengla cynincg wæs snotor and wur�full. (ID coaelive,ÆLS_[Edmund] : 13.6964) (＝Edmund that wealthy East-Anglians king was

clever and worthy,)

（５２）And gyf man gehadodne mid fæh e belecge & secge, æt he wære dædbana

o��e rædbana, ladige mid his magum, e fæh�e moton mid beran o��e forebetan. (ID colaw1cn, LawICn : 5.2 b.40) (＝and if one ordained with hostility

cover and say, that he were murderer or accessory-to-a-murder, exculpate-

oneself with his male-kinsmen, that hostility may with carry or make-legal-

amends.)

（５３）Apollonius a cwæ� : Ic befæste mine dohtor Stranguilionem and Dionisiade(ID coapollo, ApT : 50.10.533) (＝Apollonius then said : I fastened my daughter

Stranguilio and Dionysias)

（５４）and dælde si��an earfum and æl eodigum mannum, wydewum and wreccumand wisum Godes eowum. (ID coaelive, ÆLS[Lucy] : 52.2201) (＝and divided

afterwards poor-men and foreign persons, widows and fugitives and wise God

servants.)

（５５）& canonicas, ær seo ar sy, æt hy beoddern & slæpern habban magan,

healdan heora mynster mid rihte & mid clænnesse, swa heora regol tæce : (ID

colaw5atr, LawVAtr : 7.24) (＝and canons, where that messenger be, that they

refectory and dormitory have can, hold their monastery with right and with

cleanness, so-as their rule show : )

（５６）ge ence word & wedd, e he Gode betæhte. (ID colaw6atr, LawVIAtr : 3 a.13)

(＝ ; think word and pledge, that he God made-over.)

（５７）butan to Philippus & Iacobus freolse ne beode we nan fæsten for am

easterlican freolse, butan hwa wille. (ID colaw6atr, LawVIAtr : 22.3.57) (＝

outside to Philip and I. freedom not command we no fastness before that

8 天理大学学報 第６１巻第１号

belonging-to-Easter freedom, except anyone wish.)

（５８）& hunta�fara & ealra woruldlicra weorca on am halgan dæge geswicæ mangeorne. (ID colaw1cn, LawICn : 15.1.90) (＝and hunting-expeditions and all

earthly works on that holy day wander one eagerly.)

（５９）& dæges & nihtes oft & gelome clypian to Criste (ID colaw1cn, LawICn : 6

a.53) (＝and by-day and by-night often and often speak to Christ)

（６０）& gyf hwa o�rum scyle borh o��on bote æt woroldlican ingan, gelæste hitgeorne ær o��on æfter. (ID colaw6atr, LawVIAtr : 25.2.62) (＝and if anyoneother owe pledge or help at earthly things, follow it him eagerly before or

after.)

（６１）And he sylfa welwillendlice lifede mid his gemæccan seofon and hundseofonti

geara (ID coapollo, ApT : 51.29.586) (＝and he self benevolently lived with his

mate seven and seventy years)

３．２．２．分離形式

（６２）Hwæt �a Datianus wear� færlice ofslagen mid heofonlicum fyre, and hisgeferan samod, a �a he hamwerd wæs mid his heah egenum, (ID coaelive,ÆLS_[George] : 179.3178)(＝what then Datian became suddenly struck-off

with heavenly fire, and his associates simultaneously, then when he

homewards was with his chief-officers,)

（６３）Se ferde on his iugo�e fram his freondum and magum to Scotlande on sæ, andær sona wear�gefullod, and his geferan samod e mid him si edon. (ID

coaelive, ÆLS_[Oswald] : 4.5390) (＝that went on his youth from his friends

and male-kinsmen to Scotland on sea, and there soon became baptised, and

his associates simultaneously that with him went.)

（６４）Hwæt is nu mare ymbe æt to sprecanne buton æt cyningas æghwano coman

and ealdormen for �am ungelifedlican wlite æs mædenes, (ID coapollo, ApT :3.10.32) (＝who is now greater around that to speak except that kings

everywhere came and rulers before that incredible brightness that maiden,)

（６５）and fela fægera inga ar for� teah, e am folce ungecnawen wæs andungewunelic, (ID coapollo, ApT : 16.35.340) (＝and many fair things there forth

pulled, that that people unknown was and unusual,)

（６６） a æt nyhstan comon �ar gan ongean hy ry gelærede weras and æ elborene,a lange ær girndon æs cyninges dohtor. (ID coapollo, ApT : 19.3.384) (＝then

at latest came there go towards them three learned men and distinguished,

that long before yearned that king daughter.)

（６７）On isses ilcan Bonefacies cyrcean wæs swi�e hefi wædlung & hafenleast, seosimle gewuna�, æt heo bi�hirde AEære eadmodnisse on godum modum, (IDcogregdH, GD_1_[H] : 9.56.27.540) (＝on this same B. church was very-much

heavy poverty and poverty, that ever inhabits, that she is shepherd that

humility on good hearts,)

古英語の句等位接続構文の統語形式再考 9

（６８）& we wylla�, æt ælc freoman beo on hundrede & onteo�unge gebroht, e ladewyr�e beon wylle o��on weres wyr�e, gyf hine hwa teon wylle, (ID colaw2cn,LawIICn : 20.55) (＝and we wish, that each free-man be on hundred and on

tithe brought, that course worthy be will or man worthy, if him anyone pull

will,)

（６９）Hwæt ic becom nu to �e swa swa to godum fæder and arfæstum. (ID coapollo,ApT : 4.7.40) (＝what I came now to you so so-as to good father and respected.)

（７０）and iunge men teah georne mid lare, swa æt ealle his geferan e him mid

eodon sceoldon sealmas leornian o��e sume rædinge, swa hwider swa hi ferdon,am folce bodigende. (ID coaelive, ÆLS_[Oswald] : 75.5428) (＝and young

persons pulled eagerly with lore, so that all his associates that him with went

must psalms learn or some reading, so-as whither so-as they went, that people

telling.)

（７１）and man ahrærde cyrcan on hi rice geond eall, and mynsterlice gesetnyssa mid

micelre geornfulnysse. (ID coaelive, ÆLS_[Oswald] : 83.5433) (＝and one raised

churches on his rule throughout all, and monastic foundations with great

eagerness.)

（７２） a het se hæ ena cynincg his heafod ofaslean and his swi�ran earm, andsettan hi to myrcelse. (ID coaelive, ÆLS_[Oswald] : 162.5472) (＝then

commanded that heathen king his head smite-off and his stronger arm, and

set them to sign.)

（７３）ac e læs e ic eow a leng slæce, awrita�eowre naman on gewrite and hiremorgengife ; (ID coapollo, ApT : 19.14.398) (＝but lest that I you always longer

delay, write your names on letter and her morning-gift ; )

（７４）Swa hwæt swa him becom of æs cyninges gifum, o��e ricra manna, æt hehra�e dælde ærfum and wædlum, mid wellwillendum mode. (ID coaelive,ÆLS_[Oswald] : 57.5419) (＝so-as anyone so-as him came of that king gifts, or

strong persons, that he hastily divided poor-men and beggars, with benevolent

heart.)

（７５）& hine nam se cing sy��an to bisceopes handa. �urh Sirices lare Cantwarebiscpes, & Ælfeages Wincæstre biscop. (ID cochronA―5, ChronA_[Plummer] :993.7.1420) (＝and him took that king afterwards to bishop hand. through S.

lore inhabitants-of-Kent bishop, and A. Winchester bishop.)

（７６）& ures hlafordes gerædnes & his witena is, æt man rihtelaga up arære &

ælce unlaga georne afylle, & æt man læte beon æghwylcne man rihtes wyr e,

& æt man fri�& freondscype rihtlice healde innan ysan earde for Gode &for worolde. (ID colaw5atr, LawVAtr : 1.1.5) (＝and our lord agreement and

his sages is, that one straight laws up raise and each abuses-of-law eagerly fill,

and that one leave-behind be each person right worthy, and that one peace

and friendship rightly hold from-within this country before God and before

world.)

10 天理大学学報 第６１巻第１号

（７７）& ures hlafordes gerædnes & his witena is, æt munecagehwylc, e ute sy of

mynstre & regoles ne gyme, do swa him earf is : (ID colaw5atr, LawVAtr :

5.15) (＝and our lord agreement and his sages is, that monks each, that out be

of monastery and rule not care-for, do so-as him need is : )

３．３．OE IV 期（１０５０―１１５０）３．３．１．非分離形式

（７８）Him sy lof & wuldor aa butan ende, (ID cowulf, WHom_2 : 72.48) (＝him be

praise and glory always out-of end,)

（７９）& æghwar beo�la�e & to andsæte a �e God lufia�. (ID cowulf, WHom_2 :52.35) (＝and everywhere are hated and also hateful those that God love.)

（８０）& heo a ongan on a ylcan tid swa manegum styrenyssum beon onstyred &

swa manegum stefnum & cleopungum hlydan, efne swa heo fram manegum

awyrgdum gastum wæs gehæfd & ge read. (ID cogregdC, GD_1_[C] : 10.73.29.

825) (＝and she then began on that same time so many movements be moved

and so many voices and cries make-a-noise, even so-as she from many cursed

breaths was had and rebuked.)

（８１）Seo heofone us win�wi� onne heo us sende�styrnlice stormas & orf &æceras swy�e amyrre�. (ID cowulf, WHom_3 : 38.72) (＝that sky us labors withwhen she us sends hard storms and cattle and fields very-much hinders.)

（８２）He sæde eac æt eoda hetelice sceoldan winnan heom betweonan, & fela

eor�styrunga & earfo�nessa geweor�an on worulde ær worulde ende. (IDcowulf, WHom_2 : 46.31)(＝he said also that nations hostilely must labor them

between, and many earthquakes and difficulties become on world before world

end.)

（８３）Leofan men, understanda� swy�e georne æt ge rihtlice & wærlice æthealdan æt eow mæst earf is to gehealdenne, æt is, rihtne cristendom. (ID

cowulf, WHom_1 b : 3.2) (＝dear persons, understand very-much eagerly that

you rightly and carefully that hold that you most need is to hold, that is,

straight Christendom.)

３．３．２．分離形式

（８４）Saga me hwær is seo eor�e e næfre sunne on ne scean, ne mona, ne næfrewind on ne bleow, nane tid dæges ne ær ne æfter. (ID coadrian, Ad : 5.1.13) (＝

Tell me where is the earth that neither sun nor moon shine on, nor wind blow

on, neither early nor later in a lifetime.)

（８５）& swa myccle ma hit by undercropen mid scinnysse & beswicen in

hwylcumhugu anum inge, swa myccle hit rumor & widdor by abysgod on

manegum wisum. (ID cogregdC, GD_1_[C] : 4.41.15.458) (＝and so greatly

more it is penetrated with suggestion and deceived in any one thing, so greatly

it still-further and wider is busied on many ways.)

古英語の句等位接続構文の統語形式再考 11

（８６）Min bro�or Peada & min leoue freond Oswi ongunnen an mynstre Criste toloue & Sancte Petre. (ID cochronE-INTERPOLATION, ChronE_[Plummer] :

656.14.398) (＝My brother Peada and my dear friend Oswiu began a

monastery to the glory of Christ and St. Peter.)

（８７）& Ceawlin maniga tunas genam. & unarimedlice herereaf. (ID cochronE,

ChronE_[Plummer] : 584.1.225) (＝and Ceawlin took many towns, and

countless booty ; )

（８８）for on ne wene ic na, æt es wer wære mid arfæstnysse mode gelustfullod, ac

mid tælnysse æs biscopes. (ID cogregdC, GD_1_[C] : 10.76.14.854) (＝therefore

not imagine I not, that this man were with virtue heart rejoiced, but with

blame that bishop.)

（８９）& æl eodige men & utancumene swy�e us swenca�, ealswa Crist on hisgodspelle swutollice sæde æt scolde geweor�an. (ID cowulf, WHom_3 : 20.61)(＝and foreign persons and strangers very-much us vex, just-as Christ on his

gospel clearly said that must become.)

（９０）Ic e secge, Godes lufu and manna (ID coadrian, Ad : 26.2.62) (＝I who say

God’s and men’s love)

（９１）& litle hwile heold & ungefealice. (ID cochronE, ChronE_[Plummer] : 755.44.

782) (＝and held it a little while and unhappily.)

（９２）Hær wes Crist ahangen. fram fruman middaneardes ymb v usend wintra. &

cc & xxvi. (ID cochronE, ChronE_[Plummer] : 33.1.44) (＝In this year Christ

was crucified ; after five thousand two hundred and twenty-six years from the

beginning of the world.)

（９３）& namon ær mete & igdon. (ID cogregdC, GD_2_[C] : 12.126.29.1519) (＝and

took there meat and took.)

（９４）& cwæ� æt hy �earfe ahtan æt hi wære wurdan æt hy ænig man toswicollice ne bepæhte mid leaslicre lare & mid egeslican gylpe. for�am, hecwæ�, æt mænig wyr� e gyt cime�on uferan tidan e leaslice leoge�&egeslice gylpe�, nama�hine sylfne & hiwa�to gode, swylce hit Crist sy ; (IDcowulf,WHom_2 : 39.26) (＝and said that they need owned that they wary were

that they any person also fraudulently not deceived with false lore and with

awful boasting. because, he said, that many is that yet comes on higher times

that falsely lies and awfully boasts, names him self and forms to god, just-as it

Christ be ; )

（９５）His sunu hatte Mars, se macode æfre gewinn & wrohte, (ID cowulf, WHom_

12 : 58.1192) (＝his son commanded M., that made ever labor and blame, and

conflicts)

４．岩田（２００７；２００８）の記述の妥当性

YCOEから収集した事例に基づいて OE各時期の句等位接続構文の非分離形式と分離形式

の事例数と使用率を示すと以下のようになる。

12 天理大学学報 第６１巻第１号

（９６） OE I期―OE II期 OE III期 OE IV期非分離形式 ５，５０７例 ９，４２８例 ３，０２０例

８４．３％ ８６．１％ ８８．５％

分離形式 １，０２７例 １，５２８例 ３９１例

１５．７％ １３．９％ １１．５％

OEにおいて，句等位接続構文の分離形式の使用率は，OE I期（―８５０）―OE II期（８５０―９５０），OE III期（９５０―１０５０），OE IV期（１０５０―１１５０）においてそれぞれ，１５．７％，１３．９％，１１．５％である。このことから，OEにおいて句等位接続構文の分離形式は一般に使用され，その使用

率は徐々に減少するものの，最も使用率の高いのが OE I期―OE II期の１５．７％で最も使用率の低いのが OE IV期の１１．５％であり，各時期の使用率に大差があるとは認められない（３）。そ

の結果，OEの句等位接続構文の統語形式に関して，複数のテキストからなる YCOEという

新たな資料に基づく本稿の調査は，本稿の２節に示した Chronという単一のテキストに基づ

く岩田（２００７；２００８）の統計調査の結果についての記述がその一般性に関して妥当なものであ

ることを示している。

５．まとめ

岩田（２００７；２００８）は Chronという単一のテキストに基づいて OEにおける句等位接続構

文の非分離形式と分離形式の使用率を記述した。その記述によると，OEでは句等位接続構文

のうち一割強の割合で分離形式のものが一般的に用いられた。本稿では，YCOEという複数

個のテキストから成るより大きな資料に基づいてその岩田（２００７；２００８）の記述の妥当性を検

証した。その結果，それが妥当なものであることが実証された。

註

（１） Traugott（１９９２：２７６）も OEの文要素の配列については，Reszkiewicz（１９６６）とほぼ同じ

内容の記述をしている。

（２） 本稿の第３節では事例の現代語訳は（８６），（８７），（９１），（９２）については Thorpe（１９６４：

vol．２）のものを用い，（８４）と（９０）を除くそれ以外の事例の現代語による逐語訳として The

BrooklynGenevaAmsterdamHelsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English (the Brooklyn Corpus)

に示されているものを用いることにする。

（３） ちなみに，YCOEのテキストに基づくと，OE期全体の非分離形式の使用率は８５．９％

（１７，９５５例）で，分離形式の使用率は１４．１％（２，９４６例）である。

参考文献

岩田良治（２００７）「英語の不連続構文の歴史的考察」．博士論文（甲南大学）

（２００８）『英語の不連続構文の歴史的考察』．英光社

Mitchell, B. (1985) Old English Syntax, 2 vols, Oxford : Clarendon Press.

Reszkiewicz, A. (1966)“ Split Constructions in Old English ,”in M.Brahmer, S. Helsztynski and J.

Krzyzanowski (eds.), Studies in Language and Literature in Honor of Margaret

Schlauch, Polish Scientific Publishers, Warsaw.

Thorpe, B. (edited, with a translation) (1964) The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, according to the several

古英語の句等位接続構文の統語形式再考 13

original authorities. (vol.1 original texts ; vol.2. translation) Kraus Reprint LTD.

Traugott, E.C. (1972) A History of English Syntax, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York.

(1992) “Syntax,” in R.M.Hogg (ed.), The Cambridge History of the English Language,

vol. I, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 168―289.

14 天理大学学報 第６１巻第１号