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EMMEDUE BUILDING SYSTEM Operator’s h

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION 3

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE EMMEDUE BUILDING SYSTEM 4

2.1. FUNDAMENTALS OF THE EMMEDUE BUILDING SYSTEM 4 2.2. COMPOSITION OF THE EMMEDUE PANELS 4 2.3. PLASTERING 4 2.4. ADVANTAGES OF THE EMMEDUE BUILDING SYSTEM 5

3. CLASSIFICATION OF THE EMMEDUE PRODUCTS 6

3.1 EMMEDUE SINGLE PANEL PSME 8 3.2 EMMEDUE SINGLE PANEL PSTE 9 3.3 EMMEDUE DOUBLE PANEL PDME 11 3.4 EMMEDUE FLOOR PANEL PSSSG2E AND PSSG3E 13 3.5 EMMEDUE STAIRCASE PANEL PSSCE 15 3.6. EMMEDUE BRACING MESHWORKS 16 3.7. EMMEDUE PLASTER SPRAYERS FOR WALLS & CEILINGS 17

4. PRACTICAL INSTALLATION MANUAL 18

4.1. EMMEDUE HOUSE WITH PSME PANELS 19 4.1.1. Foundations 19 4.1.2. Storing on site 20 4.1.3. Identifying the elements 20 4.1.4. Assembly of PSME Single Panels for Walls 21 4.1.5. Selecting the elements 22 4.1.6. Further indications for layout 22 4.1.7. Bracing meshwork installation 23 4.1.8. Installation of Single Panels for Coverings 24 4.1.9. Installation of Emmedue Staircase PSSCE 26 4.1.10. Laying of plumbing, electric installation and other systems 27

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4.1.11. Details of balconies 29 4.2. WALLS STRUCTURAL PLASTER 30 4.2.1. Features 30 4.2.2. Concrete mix design 30 4.2.3. Plastering of the walls 30 4.2.4. Finishing of the floors 33 4.2.5. Plaster cure 34 4.2.6. Finishes 34 4.2.7. Other indications 34 4.2.8. Fixing objects to walls 35 4.2.9. Summary of the phases for creating a building with Emmedue simple panels 36 4.3. WALLS ERECTED BY EMMEDUE DOUBLE PANELS PDME 37 4.3.1. Foundations 38 4.3.2. Emmedue Double Panel Assembly (PDME) 39 4.3.3. Laying the reinforcements on Emmedue Double Panels (PDME) 41 4.3.4. Filling the panels with concrete 42 4.3.5. Casting procedures 43 4.4 RIBBED FLOOR SLABS WITH EMMEDUE FLOOR PANELS PSSG2E 44 4.4.1. Assembling Floor Panels PSSGE 45 4.4.1.1. Calculations and checks of the Floor Panel 46 4.4.1.2. Moment and resistant cut of a PSSG2E 46 4.4.1.3. Graphics for the maximum pre-dimensioning of an Emmedue PSSG2E floor panel 47 4.4.1.4. Maximum moment and cut of PSSG2E 48 4.4.1.5. Calculations and checks of the Floor Panel 49 4.4.1.6. Moment and resistant cut of a PSSG3E 50 4.4.1.7. Graphics for the maximum pre-dimensioning of an Emmedue PSSG3E Floor Panel 50 4.4.1.8. Maximum moment and cut of a PSSG3E 51 4.5. EMMEDUE PANELS USED AS PARTITION WALLS 53

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1. INTRODUCTION1. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this Technical Manual is to indicate the most suitable method to optimise the Emmedue building system during installation. These pages will enable the erection of buildings having standard features using panels and other elements that are normally employed in the Emmedue building system.

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2. DESCRIPTION2. DESCRIPTION OF THE EM OF THE EMMEDUEMEDUE BUILDING SYSTEM BUILDING SYSTEM

2.1. FUNDAMENTALS2.1. FUNDAMENTALS OF OF THE EMMEDUETHE EMMEDUE SYSTEM SYSTEM

The basis of the Emmedue construction system is based on a series of foam polystyrene panels and steel wire meshes, whose shape has been especially designed to apply structural plaster during panel installation. The aim is that of providing a system of industrialized modular panels that, besides requiring shorter erection time compared to the conventional systems, permit to copy with structural and load-bearing functions, offering in the same time a fast assem-bling and laying, high thermal and sound coefficients and a wide range of shapes and finishes that may be achieved during the building process.

2.2. COMPOSITION2.2. COMPOSITION OF OF THE EMMEDUETHE EMMEDUE PANELS PANELS

The basic element is made as follows: A) A foam polystyrene core that is atoxic, self-extinguishing and

chemically inert with varying density and thickness depending on panel type.

B) Electrowelded steel wire meshes made of galvanised drawn steel wires placed on both sides of the polystyrene sheet and connected by means of joints of the same material. The wire gauge of the net varies according to panel type and mesh direction.

2.3. PLASTERING2.3. PLASTERING

After the panel assembly, structural plaster should be sprayed and/or poured on the panel - depending on panel type.

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2.4. ADVANTAGES2.4. ADVANTAGES OF THE EM OF THE EMMEDUEMEDUE BUILDING BUILDING SYSTEMSYSTEM • High heat and sound insulation • Easy to move, rapid assembly and high durability • High structural capacity and resistance to earthquakes and

hurricanes • No skilled labour is required • Lower costs and erection time • Lower foundations costs compared with traditional systems • Full utilisation within the same building system • Emmedue system well integrates with traditional systems • Highly fire-proof material • Easy and rapid installation of the plumbing, heating, electric,

telephone systems, etc. • Panels of customised length and thickness • Solid panel connection • Panel surface and Emmedue plastering machines are

especially designed for a smooth plaster spraying • Emmedue panels’ meshes also include connection flanges • The polystyrene core can avoid the thermal bridges • Emmedue panel does not change following exposure to

weather conditions • Ecological in all its parts.

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3. CLASSIFICATION3. CLASSIFICATION OF OF THE EMMEDUETHE EMMEDUE PRODUCTS PRODUCTS The various types of Emmedue panels, their fields of application, standard sizes and complementary Emmedue products are described below. The thickness of the polystyrene sheets as well as the length of the panels may be customised, according to the different project require-ments of the customers. Generally speaking, the thickness of panels is usually determined according to its different conditions of heat insulation and required structural behaviour. In the latter case, infact, a greater moment of inertia may be achieved by increasing the interval between the two concreted or plastered surfaces. As far as the degree of heat insulation of polystyrene is concerned, a finished panel of a 10-cm thickness with a 4-cm thick polystyrene core (density 15 kg/m3) corresponds to an ordinary brick wall 64-cm thick.

SINGLE PANEL PSMESINGLE PANEL PSME DOUBLE PANEL PDMEDOUBLE PANEL PDME

FLOOR PANEL PSSGEFLOOR PANEL PSSGE STAIRCASE PANEL PSSCESTAIRCASE PANEL PSSCE

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Single panel PSME/PSTESingle panel PSME/PSTE

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Galvanized steel wire mesh: longitudinal wires: Æ 2,5 or 3,5 mm every 65 mm transversal wires: Æ 2,5 mm every 65 mm joint steel wire: Æ 3,0 mm (approx. 72 per sq.m.) steel wire yield: fyk > 600 N/mm² steel wire fracture: ftk > 680 N/mm² Polystyrene slab density: 15 Kg/m3 Polystyrene slab thickness: from 4 to 20 cm. Finished masonry thickness: variable from 11 to 27 cm. For the structural use of this panel, the polystyrene core should be at least 6 cm thick and an average quantity of plaster of about 3.5 cm (about 2.5 cm over the mesh) should be sprayed on each side having structural features of at least 250 daN/cm2 of compressive strength. This panel is generally used for buildings of no more than 4 storeys, also in seismic areas, for floor slabs and covering slabs whose spans are 5 m. at maximum. However, in such cases, the panel should be further reinforced with additional meshwork and a greater amount of concrete layer on the upper side - from 4 to 6 cm - in keeping with the calculations made.

* heat insulation coefficient theorically obtained by calculation ** test carried out at the Santiago del Chile university ∇test carried out at C.S.I., Milan, Italy ∇∇test carried out at Istituto Giordano, Rimini, Italy

Kind of panel Thickness of finished masonry

(cm)

Heat insulation coefficient Kt (W/m2 °C)

*

Fire resistance REI

Sound proofing index

PSME40 11 0,827 41 dB thick: 11cm**

PSME60 13 0,585 PSME80 15 0,453 150 ∇ 41 dB∇∇ PSME90 16 0,431 46 dB**

3.1 EMMEDUE SINGLE PANEL PSME3.1 EMMEDUE SINGLE PANEL PSME

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Galvanized steel wire mesh: longitudinal wires: Æ 2,5 mm every 65 mm transversal wires: Æ 2,5 mm every 65 mm joint steel wire: Æ 3,0 mm (approx. 72 per sq.m.) steel wire yield: fyk > 600 N/mm² steel wire fracture: ftk > 680 N/mm² Polystyrene slab density: 15 Kg/m3 Polystyrene slab thickness: from 4 to 20 cm. Finished masonry thickness: variable from 9 to 25 cm. The PSTE panel can be employed as internal partitions, external curtain walls, insulating walls etc. It’s similar to the PSME panel except for its polystyrene core outline that is less marked and therefore requires a less quantity of plaster to be sprayed on for its finishing.

* heat insulation coefficient theorically obtained by calculation ** test carried out at I.P.T.—Laboratorio de Acustica—Sao Paulo (Brasil) ∇ test carried out at Santiago del Chile University on the PSM90 panel

3.2 EMMEDUE SINGLE PANEL PSTE3.2 EMMEDUE SINGLE PANEL PSTE

Kind of panel Thickness of finished masonry (cm)

Heat insulation coefficient Kt (W/m2 °C)*


PSTE40

9,5

0,827 43 dB**

PSTE60

12

0,585

PSTE100

18

0.369 46 dB ∇

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Double panel PDMEDouble panel PDME

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Galvanized steel wire mesh: longitudinal wires: Æ 2,5 mm every 65 mm transversal wires: Æ 2,5 mm every 65 mm joint steel wire: Æ 3,0 mm (about 80 per sq.m.) steel wire yield: fyk > 600 N/mm² steel wire fracture: ftk > 680 N/mm²

Internal mesh:

longitudinal steel wires: Æ 5 mm every 100 mm transversal steel wires: Æ 5 mm every 260 mm (in case of internal additional meshwork the pitch decreses to 130 mm) steel proprieties: FeB44K

Polystyrene slab density: 25 Kg/m3 Polystyrene slab thickness: approx. 5 cm. Internal void between the 2 sheets: variable from 80 to 180 mm.

The double panel PDME consists of two sheets facing one other and joined by steel pins keeping them at the distance established by the static requirements to be met. The space between them is filled with cast concrete having suitable resistance strength (the panel, besides as insulating element, once aligned and fastened, works as a disposable formwork). Externally the panels must be sprayed on with plaster as the single panels or in any other way.

* heat insulation coefficient theorically obtained by calculation ** test carried out at Istituto Giordano, Rimini, Italy ∇∇ test carried out at CSIRO, Melbourne, Australia

Kind of panel Thickness of finished masonry

(cm)

Heat insulation coefficient Kt (W/m2 °C)

Fire resistance REI


PDME80 23 0,36* 150**

PDME80 23 170 ∇∇

3.3 EMMEDUE DOUBLE PANEL PDME3.3 EMMEDUE DOUBLE PANEL PDME

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Floor panel PSSGEFloor panel PSSGE

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3.4 EMMEDUE FLOOR PANEL PSSG2E AND PSSG3E3.4 EMMEDUE FLOOR PANEL PSSG2E AND PSSG3E

Galvanized steel wire mesh: longitudinal wires: Æ 2,5 mm every 65 mm transversal wires: Æ 2,5 mm every 65 mm

joint wire: Æ 3,0 mm steel wire yield: fyk > 600 N/mm² steel wire fracture: ftk > 680 N/mm²

Polystyrene slab density: 15 Kg/m3 Heat insulation coefficient: Kt < 0,366 W/m2 °C (min.) Soundproofing index: I > 38 dB at 500 Hz (in frequency band

between 100 and 3150 Hz) This type of panel enables the use of the Emmedue system for floors and roofs by inserting reinforced ribs in the special spaces and subsequent concrete casting on site. Infact the reinforcement of the panel is integrated during the panel assembly by the insertion of additional reinforcement bars – to be substantiated by calculations – inside the panel ribs. It is an ideal solution for floor slabs having spans up to 9.5 m. and overloading up to 400 daN/m2. Furthermore, where the assembly sequence needs to be maximised, as far as the erection schedule is concerned, it is possible to use iron stiffening ribs in the pods of the panel.

PSSG3E

PSSG2E PSSG2E

PSSG3E

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Staircase panel PSSCEStaircase panel PSSCE

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Galvanized steel wire mesh: longitudinal steel wires: Æ 2,5 mm transversal steel wires: Æ 2,5 mm joint steel wire: Æ 3,0 mm

steel wire yield: fyk > 600 N/mm² steel wire fracture: ftk > 680 N/mm²

Polystyrene slab density: 15 Kg/m3 Fire resistance REI: 120 (test carried out at Santiago del Chile

University) This panel consists of an expanded polystyrene block shaped according to designing requirements and reinforced by a dual steel mesh joined by se-veral steel wire connections welded in electro-fusion across the polystyrene core. Suitable reinforced and finished with casting on site in the suitable spaces, it is used, for the construction of flight of stairs up to a maximum span of 6 m. having an accidental overload of 400 Kg/m². The additional reinforcement to be placed inside the holes is formed by a lattice of ribbed bars.

3.5 EMMEDUE STAIRCASE PANEL PSSCE3.5 EMMEDUE STAIRCASE PANEL PSSCE

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Designed with 2.5-cm galvanized steel wire, these meshworks are used to reinforce openings and angle-joints between panels so to confer continuity to the structural mesh. They are fixed to the panel by joints or cramps. ANGULAR MESHWORK RG1: * reinforces angle-connections. Estimated efficiency: 4 units per angle (2 internal and 2 external) on average FLAT MESHWORK RG2: * reinforces (at 45°) openings angles * restores meshwork that had been previously cut * for any joints between panels Estimated efficiency: 2 units per door. 4 units per window. “U” SHAPED MESHWORK RU: * restores the continuity of the panels along the perimeter of doors and windows BRACING MESHWORK * restores the meshwork of bent panels. * Other applications.

116.

5 c

m.

var.

3.6 EMMEDUE BRACING MESHWORKS3.6 EMMEDUE BRACING MESHWORKS

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3..77. EM. EMMEDUEMEDUE PLASTER SPRAYERS FOR WALLS & PLASTER SPRAYERS FOR WALLS & CEILINGS CEILINGS The use of these devices easily enables a time saving by 50% and with no need for skilled labour. Thanks to Emmedue plaster sprayers, the plaster may be applied with a degree of adherence that could not be achieved manually. In one hour, one worker using a plaster sprayer with a continuous flow of material placed nearby can apply a plaster layer of about 1 cm. over an area of up to 60 sq.m. Emmedue plaster sprayers are available in two versions: W for walls and C for ceilings. Both models feature four holes for different types of plaster and come with all the necessary tools to clean the machine after use. User’s instructions 1. The air pressure should be kept constant within a 70-120 pound (500-800 kPa)range. 2. No special plastering-machines are needed and the panel to be plastered requires no previous preparation. 3. For the plaster to be applied to the wall, the container should be placed at a distance of 10-20 cm. 4. For the plaster to be applied to the ceiling, the upper edge of the container should almost touch the panel at a maximum distance of 2-3 cm. Plaster Sprayers Maintenance 1. During the usual interval between the application of two layers of plaster, we recommend to place the empty container in a bucket filled with water and make it work two or three times. 2. Remove lateral bolts and wash the inside of the machine at least once a week. Compressors: Either electrical or internal-combustion engine compressors may be used keeping in mind the following data:

Note 1: We recommend the use of high-pressure 1/2” hoses not exceeding 30 linear metres. Note 2: When only one plastering-machine is used, the ideal cubic capacity of the compressor container is 220 litres (not lower than 130 litres, but with pressure regulator).

Engine power (HP) Air production (l/min) No. machines From 3 to 4 350-400 1 From 5 to 6 600-700 From 2 to 3 From 8 to 10 900-1000 From 3 to 4

Plaster sprayer for wall

Plaster sprayer for ceiling

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4. PRACTICAL4. PRACTICAL INSTALLATION MANUAL INSTALLATION MANUAL


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4.1. EMMEDUE4.1. EMMEDUE HOUSE HOUSE WITH PSME PANNELSWITH PSME PANNELS This chapter deals with the utilisation of Emmedue single panel used for both supporting walls (PSME) and horizontal walls (PSS1E) of buildings. 4.1.1. Foundations4.1.1. Foundations The work made with Emmedue Panels starts from the foundations. This might be a concrete bed, a raft foundations constituted by moderate dimension beams or a connection beam supported on piles. Such foundations should be sized up according to classical criteria keeping in mind the geo-mechanical characteristics of the ground. The recommended foundations provides for anchoring bars (corrugated iron) whose dimensions, quantity and length will depend on the degree of stress at the base of the panel (just like an indica-

tion, it could consist of bars Æ 6-8 mm placed at 40 cm intervals 50 cm. above the


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4.1.2. Storing on site4.1.2. Storing on site An area inside the site, preferably covered, shall be designated for de-positing panels from the manufacturer. The panels must be put down carefully on a flat surface, which is not pliable, so they can be vertically stacked. We recommend not laying the elements directly on the ground to prevent them from getting dirty, which could lead to problems with

plaster adhesion. We also recom-mend protecting them from the rain for the same reasons. The panels must not be exposed to sunlight for long periods of time in order to prevent changing the poly-styrene appearance. Moreover, bind the panels carefully to make sure they are not accidentally moved by the wind.

4.1.3. Identifying the elements4.1.3. Identifying the elements The panels are delivered to the site with an identification issued by the manufacturer that reports the element height. The assembly abacus comes with the panels and provides instruc-tions for laying the ele-ments correctly. The abacus, for each elevation, reports the design for the various alignments of the structure, as well as the layout in the floor panel plans. Instruc-tions on cutting to ob-tain measurements that are not standard are also provided. (Fig.1)


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4.1.44.1.4. . AssemblyAssembly of PSM of PSMEE Single PanelsSingle Panels for Walls for Walls At the beginning of assembly operations Emmedue panels are anchored to the foundations bars by pliers and steel wires. In order to guarantee the continuity among the elements, the Emmedue panels are equipped, on both sides, with an overlapping mesh wing that ena-bles to join each panel to the mesh of the closer panel.

During this stage, to achieve proper heat insulation, no empty spaces should be left between the joints of polystyrene cores. In addition, special attention should be paid to the panels being placed in a perfectly vertical position and well aligned so to avoid differenti-ated shrinkage of the structural plaster and thermal bridge sources. .

During assembling the main openings for doors and balconies have to be considered as foreseen in the design. Minor openings might be obtained after assembling panels by using cutting instruments, such as circular saws, shears and even knives and pliers.


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4.1.5 Selecting the elements4.1.5 Selecting the elements To facilitate identification on site, all the panels are marked with the height that comply with the assembly abacus in correspondence to the various alignments that the project is divided into. The panels that are marked only with height are standard (length cm 112,5) or those whose dimensions can be obtained from a standard panel by cutting, which shall be carried out on site (with or without recuperating the re-maining portion depending on the case). If the panels are to be ob-tained by cutting standard length elements, the abacus reports a nu-meric indication of the elements and provides the quantity of the ele-ments to cut and how to carry out cuts. Such indications are high-lighted in the included layouts and drawings. 4.1.6. Further indications for layout4.1.6. Further indications for layout We recommend beginning layout from a building corner and proceed-ing by completing each single room that makes up the project. Proper assembly requires scrupulously checking wall flatness and corner ver-ticality using a simple plumb line. To ensure flatness, we recommend doing course and aluminium box profiles (4 m in length) and adjustable diagonal pillars to anchor firmly into the ground. In particular, for nor-mal landings, one box is enough to place near the panel top plates and inclined pillars at the rate of about one every 3 m. We recommend placing the diagonal pillars on one side to completely free the other and be able to proceed more quickly to the procedures of structural plaster completion. Only after applying the first coat of structural plas-ter in the free part, proceed with removing the pillars and applying the structural plaster on the side where the pillars were. Locking between one panel and the next can be carried out using pneumatic machines produced by EMMEDUE, or by manually binding them. The unions are carried out along the overlapped wires at the rate of about one every 25 cm (one link every four). The indications mentioned above help avoid dangerous eccentricities once complete. Such circumstances, if not kept under control, could have unfavourable repercussions for the out of plumb effect that induces bending action. Moreover, to bring the finished wall back to vertical position you would use excess finishing materials resulting in burdensome consequences of time and product .


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4.1.74.1.7. Bracing . Bracing meshworkmeshwork installationinstallation Angular Mesh (RG1) All the building internal and external edges, either vertical or horizontal, are reinforced with angular mesh (RG1), which gives the structural mesh greater continuity.

Straight mesh (RG2) The openings’ vertex are all braced, on both sides, thanks to the posi-tioning of a flat meshwork (RG2) at 45° as to the edge to be reinfor-ced. The window and door lintels, according to their lenght and the window sills whose span is longer than 1.50 m. can be integrated with additio-nal reinforcements on both sides.

RG1 RG1RG1

RG1

Horizontal section


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U Mesh (RU) Along the perimeter of the door and window openings, reinforcement U mesh or, as an alternative, double angular mesh (RG1) shall be placed with closing panel. For the assembling of the frames, the polystyrene should be reduced in the areas of the fastening points in order to enable the correct in-sertion of the metallic clamps inside the panel meshes.

For specific needs or types of frames that have special requirements, anchoring parts can be custom made for walls by the structural tech-nology of Emmedue in collaboration with the lock manufacturer.


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4.1.84.1.8. Installation of . Installation of SingleSingle Panels for Coverings Panels for Coverings

Basically, the same instructions as for the installation of vertical panels apply. Proceed with correctly positioning the elements and then joining them (along the overlapped mesh links). Finally, proceed with joining the walls with the steel bars and/or reinforcement mesh RG1. The panels, which act as plates, are layed so that the wave runs along the smaller span of the covered area. The panels shall be help up by bridge boards, placed on walls or metal pillars, layed on a centre distance of about 60 cm. A camber at the rate of 0,5 cm per m of the floor length shall be supplied.

RG1RG1

RG1

RG1

Vertical section


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4.1.94.1.9. Installation of . Installation of Emmedue staircase PSSCEEmmedue staircase PSSCE This panel can be used to create stair ramps up to 6 m of free span and accidental overload of 4 kN/m2. Once the stair panel is assembled and the ribbed bar trellises are in place, they are filled with concrete having inert substances with a di-mension of max < 12 mm and mechanical resistance of min Rck > 25 Mpa and however determined by the drafter. The concrete poured in-side the rib can be carried out upon suitable shoring on the slab to cre-ate with boards or walls at the rate of one every 80-100 cm. After, pro-ceed with applying the plaster to the ramp slab and then the upper plaster, with an average thickness or 2,5 cm, creating the base to ap-ply the coating (marble, ceramic, etc.) for high spans, (> 4 m), we rec-ommend bringing the coating directly on the rafter without removing moderate portions of polystyrene. This panel allows to create normal sized stairs and is distinguishes by the extreme installation ease and particular structural lightness.


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4.1.104.1.10. . Laying of plumbing, electric installation and otherLaying of plumbing, electric installation and other systemssystems The steps for laying the flexible piping of the accessories for the elec-trical system as well as the rigid piping for hydro-thermal-sanitary sys-tem, shall be carried out after panel assembly is complete and before structural plaster finishing. The traces shall be directly obtained in the polystyrene, preferably us-ing a jet of hot air instead of an open flame. Trace carefully in order to avoid reducing excessive thickness of the polystyrene and guarantee the presence of wall insulation for at least 4 cm. If, for extraordinary reasons, it is not possible insert the units into the walls, casings shall be created. Any cuts on the mesh corre-sponding to electric boxes or other accessories with dimensions greater than standard shall be replaced with flat reinforcement mesh RG2 before applying the structural plaster.


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The flexible pipes are easily placed under the meshwork, whereas rigid ones are placed after cutting the mesh. Then the meshwork area needs to be restored by means of an additional reinforcing mesh (RG2) connected to the panel meshwork. Note: Copper pipes could be insulated from the panels steel meshwork with felt, PVC of similar materials.


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4.1.114.1.11. Details of . Details of balconiesbalconies The balconies can be executed by Emmedue floor panel PSSGE with additional anchoring bars being anchored to the floor. The quantity and the diameter of these bars depend on the length of the overhangs besides the overload to be substantiated during the project design. Proceed with disarmament and plastering the slab only after the con-crete is completely hardened.

CONCRETE SLAB

PANEL

PANEL FLOOR

WALL


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4.24.2. WALLS . WALLS STRUCTURALSTRUCTURAL PLASTERPLASTER

4.2.1. Features4.2.1. Features Emmedue’s single panel used as a supporting element is completed by applying cement-sand structural plaster on both sides for an average thickness of 3,5 cm. The panel thus obtained will form a reinforced concrete slab with an expanded-polystyrene core. The resistance of these panels will be 25 Mpa., at least and the particles of the sand used for the concrete will measure between 0 and 5 mm. 4.2.2. Concrete mix design 4.2.2. Concrete mix design The cement-sand plaster used is dosed with a volumetric ratio of 1:4,5. Starting from the resistance curves obtained in relation to both the amounts of cement and plaster settling, it may be derived that Emmedue system concrete may be mixed with approx. 350 Kg of cement for each cubic meter of mixture. For each cubic meter, the dosage specified in weight for each of the materials in the mixture will be as follows: The quantity of water should vary according to the humidity of the ag-gregates. In any case the consistence, measured by the Abram’s co-ne, should be S2 (slump 5 cm). 4.2.3. Plastering of the walls4.2.3. Plastering of the walls Plaster should be applied by means of special plaster sprayers. It is essential that plaster is malleable and applied vigorously so as to remove the air between the underlying materials - polystyrene and plaster - and fresh plaster and thus obtain a compact and uniform surface. The maximum thickness of each layer should be approx. 2,5 cm while the layer of smooth plaster with fine sand, if required, should not exceed 5 mm. Plastering excessively large areas is a practice to be avoided.

Cement : 350 Kg (7 bags) Sand : 1.600 Kg Water : 160 litres


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Following the panels’ alignment and their vertical assemblying, the re-quired bracing meshworks should be inserted while the meshworks previously cut to install the various systems should be restored - to confer greater continuity to the structure—and the additional reinforcement should be placed. At this stage, structural plastering operations may be started.

On both sides of vertical panels a layer of structural plaster (Rck = 25 MPa) should be sprayed for an average thickness of approx. 2,5 cm. The interval between the spraying of the first and second layer should be as short as possible so to avoid any possibile problem of adheren-ce between the layers. Before applying the finishing layer, to realise with cement paste or coating protective treatment thick-ness, wait until the structural plas-ter is completely hardened to avoid cracks from forming in the finishing caused by the under lay-ers.


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If it rains, we recommend interrupting the work and covering what has already been done in order to prevent the fresh structural plaster from washing away. The spritz-beton shall be not applied when the outside tem-perature is less than 4ºC; when temperatures are high (>30ºC) and when there is ventilation, the layer of struc-tural plaster shall be kept damp or protected with anti-evaporating materials. The floor slab can be finished with structural plaster only af-ter having placed the angular mesh RG1 connected to the vertical panels. In order to ensure that the layer of concrete perfectly flat, guides shall be prelimi-narily layed that can be real-ized in centre distance instal-lation of about 1,5 or, alterna-tively, using metallic profiles, making sure to remove them from the fresh concrete to avoid the subsequent formation of cracks due to the difference of sup-port. The day after the structural plaster is complete, it is possible to remove the guides and the pillars used to lay and vertically place the panels, leaving only those used in the weak points (panels between the two openings, etc.) so the concrete reaches hardens better.


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4.2.4. Finishing of the floors.4.2.4. Finishing of the floors. Preliminarily place posts and boards at 1.20 m. intervals, slightly incre-asing the height of posts at the centre of the floor slab. Panels hog should measure approximately 0.50 cm for every metre of span. In case the Emmedue single pa-nels are emploied, create roof scaffolding with bridge boards layed at a centre distance of about 60 cm. Moreover, proceed with the first application of the structural plaster to the slab be-fore casting the floor. During the casting procedures, in case of the Single Panel (PSS1E), the operators shall take care to only walk on the bridge boards placed on the boards be-low.

We recommend the use of concrete Rbk= 25 Mpa, whose maximum p a r t i c l e - s i z e measures 12 mm, workability S4, for a thickness from 4 to 6 cm.

The designer should verify the floor panel reinforcement and, if needed, should integrate it with additional reinforcement rods - to be substan-tiated by calculations—inside the panel ribs (see detail below). In case of the PSSG panel, we rec-ommend laying the armature inside the panel ribs (see illustration below) before placing the elements.


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Once the ceiling slab concrete has reached the right cure degree, the posts should be removed starting from the centre outwards so as to gradually transfer the load to the floor slab. After, complete the struc-tural plaster application on the slab in correspondence to the strips where the shoring boards were placed. The second coat of structural plaster on the floor slab shall be carried out as for the walls. 4.2.5. Plaster4.2.5. Plaster curecure A regular plaster cure process is crucial to obtain the necessary struc-tural resistance of the elements. In order to avoid an excessive evaporation from the plaster layer, after the surface is completed, ke-ep constantly wet the walls and the ceilings for at least 3 days from the application of the plaster layer. This procedure allows the completion of the natural hydration process of the cement limiting phenomenon due to hydraulic shrinkage. Whenever anti-evaporating films are used, it is important to preven-tively check for any adhesion problems for the subsequent finish ap-plication. 4.2.6. Finishes4.2.6. Finishes Applying finishes and/or coatings on the structural plaster shall be carried out as late as possible. The more time that elapses between the hardening of the underlying structural plaster layers and the coat-ing, the structural plaster shrinkage will have been more guaranteed and the micro-cracks can be covered by the finishing layer without compromising the final appearance. 4.2.7. Other4.2.7. Other indications indications The use of a plaster sprayer for the application of the structural plas-ter increases the compactness and homogeneity, reducing the level of shrinkage and improves the structure, water resistance and wear resistance. Polystyrene does not constitute special waste and can be disposed of in bins for RSU plastics. The steel can be recuperated and taken to authorized collection cen-tres.


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Precautions Do not overload partition walls on one side only. Instead, plaster both sides alternatively. If a panel is cut during erection and its meshwork has no wire-crossing joints, panels may be joined with flat meshwork (min. width 22.5 cm); Additional plasticizer agents generally reduce the risk of cracks; Highly-flexible coverings or paints prevent the creation of cracks in the plaster;

4.2.8. Fixing4.2.8. Fixing objects to walls objects to walls A. Lightweight objects:

25 mm. screws, pins or similar devices may be used.

B. Heavy objects: (Shelves, water-tanks, WC, etc.). We recommend the use of plastic pins with 45-mm screws or similar devices (Fig.1)

C. Very heavy objects: During erection, metal pins may be inserted in plaster pallets. Differently, a threaded pin fastened with epoxy resin may be used (Fig.2).


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pag. 36

4.2.9 Summary of the phases for creating a building with 4.2.9 Summary of the phases for creating a building with Emmedue single panelsEmmedue single panels 1. Foundation

2. Storing the panels on site

3. Identifying the elements

4. Selecting the elements

5. Assembly of panels for walls

6. Vertical placement of panels with the help of guides and pillars

7. Placement of mesh and reinforcement rods

8. Fastening nogs for support frames and windows

9. Assembly of floor panels and insertion of reinforcement arma-

tures

10. Tracing and installation of systems

11. First and second application of structural plaster on the wall (the

second phase can come after the first without continuity solution)

12. Shoring, spritz-beton on the slab and concrete casting on the

floor extrados

13. Complete removal of the shoring (after 28 days from casting)

14. Plaster finishing on ceiling intrados.

15. Finishes (after at least 28 days from the second structural plaster

application)


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pag. 37

4.34.3. . WWALLSALLS ERECTEDERECTED BYBY EMMEDUE EMMEDUE DOUBLEDOUBLE PANELSPANELS PDMEPDME In buildings with more than four storeys, lower levels walls should be erected with Emmedue double panels and any possible additional steel reinforcement. The preliminary phases are similar to those for the single PSME pan-els that can be referred to for all the instructions (storing, identifica-tion, conservation, assembly, etc.). The double panels create a permanent formwork system (with ther-mal-insulating function) whose inside, after fastening, laying and verti-cal installation of the panels is filled with concrete.


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pag. 38

4.3.1 Foundations4.3.1 Foundations The reinforcements shall be placed taking special care when aligning due to the moderate thickness of the interspaces (from 10 to 30 cm) of the double panels that are normally used. The number, diameter and length of the reinforcement bars depend on the stress on the base of the panels (as deduced calculations). It is best to use closed reinforcements at the head in order to facilitate input from the top of the panels. The reinforcement armatures, if properly layed, help to keep the panels properly aligned and upright. If the panels are against the earth or otherwise stressed in the orthogonal floor, the rein-forcement armatures, in light of the static diagrams, must take the de-rived stress into consideration. At the panel base, regulator boards must be placed firmly into the ground to ensure alignment and help with positioning the reinforcement elements


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pag. 39

4.3.2 Emmedue Double Panel Assembly (PDME)4.3.2 Emmedue Double Panel Assembly (PDME) Panel assembly shall occur only after having verified the conformity of the elements supplied in the project instructions to the assembly aba-cus. It shall be verified that after moving and storage procedures, the panels and internal mesh are still intact and that they are properly po-sitioned (distance of the slabs). The panels are produced equipped with appropriate metallic armature; if integrating the armature is re-quired, in reference to the structure project, we recommend placing the armatures on site ensuring that the added rods with binding at the base and at the head of the panel. The added rods shall be placed in-side the mesh in order to ensure suitable rod cover. All procedures shall be followed respecting the draft conditions and under the supervision of the work manager. The panels shall be placed on site from the top, one after the other, avoiding any horizontal movement that could be hindered or made dif-ficult by the reinforcement rods. Panel laying shall be accompanied by the insertion of connection brackets, layed according to the project design, that serve to make the subsequent concrete filling continuous. For this, Emmedue cre-ates type SPD brackets that go into the next panel for about 20 cm. Therefore, when the second panel is layed, the closed brackets are inserted from this that then enter the preceding panel an so on. In correspondence to the openings that need added armatures, steel bars can be inserted in the adjacent panels to replace once the panel above the door/window is assembled. The procedure is possible thanks to being able to put the bars above the double connectors lo-cated, vertically, at a centre distance of about13 cm.


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pag. 40

To guarantee the holding among the elements, EMMEDUE’s panels are equipped with an overlapped mesh on both sides that allows joining each panel to the adjacent mesh. In this phase special attention must be paid to the alignment and the verticality of the panels as well as to the being perfect adjacent to the polystyrene slabs between the two consecutive panels. Any out of plumb, in fact, would constitute elements of weak structure while the empty spaces between the joints could cause thermal bridges. During assembly procedures, it important to keep in mind the project openings according to the indications in the assembly abacus. Keep in mind how any modification of the openings or the need to create others, apart from constituting a structural modification, represents a procedure that has serious implications. We recommend beginning panel assembly from a building corner and proceeding by completing each single room that makes up the project. To ensure flatness, we recommend doing course and aluminium box profiles (4 m in length) and adjustable diagonal pillars to anchor firmly into the ground. In particular, for normal landings, one box is enough to place horizontally near the panel top plates and inclined pillars at the rate of about one every 3 m. Locking between one panel and the next can be carried out using pneumatic machines produced by EMMEDUE, or by manually binding them. The unions are carried out along the overlapped wires at the rate of about one every 25 cm (one link every four). The indications mentioned above help avoid dangerous eccentricities once complete. Such circumstances, if not kept under control, could have unfavourable repercussions for the out of plumb effect that in-duces bending action (the P-Delta effect). Moreover, to bring the fin-ished wall back to vertical position you would use excess finishing mate-rials resulting in burdensome consequences of time and product. .


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4.3.3 Laying the reinforcements on Emmedue Double Panels 4.3.3 Laying the reinforcements on Emmedue Double Panels (PDME)(PDME) In correspondence to all the junctions as well as next to the opening and end portions of the walls, adequate reinforcements shall be layed using vertical armatures. The armatures can be clamped (and the entire piece inserted into the panel) or placed next to with U rods inserted externally. In any case, wall continuity must be ensured, even with articulation form, for the cutting action as derived from the analysis performed on the structure. Besides horizontal and vertical reinforcements to place on the wall pan-els and/or cross panels, normal reinforcements used for the PSM con-structions shall be layed.

50

VER

5025

50VAR.25

25

50V

AR

.5 0

25

25 2550 50VAR.

RG1

RG1

RG1RG1


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pag. 42

4.3.4 Filling the panels with concrete4.3.4 Filling the panels with concrete Before casting procedures, make sure that the walls are positioned correctly, perfectly aligned, vertical and contrasted enough to best cope with the dynamic actions of concrete casting. For this, be aware that the PDME panels, for their nature and for the possibility to realize them with a density of polystyrene up to 35 kg/mc, can already cope well with the concrete conglomeration thrust. Further reinforcement can be obtained with stiffeners located, on both sides, along the panel development. It is therefore necessary the lay the inclined pillars on both sides that, besides verticality, guarantee stability during the cast-ing procedure. The centre distance of the elements can be about 3 cm. For the stiffening an aluminium box profile, wood walls, boards, connected with metal ties, iron wires or round bars with clamps can be used. If slabs or bars passing through the panels are used, it is best to cover them with plastic sheaths to reduce exposure to the casting and be able to simply unthread once the procedure is finished and avoid cutting. It is important that the first row of reinforcement co-incides with the panel base where there is greater thrust. For regula-tion height (2,7 m) 4 horizontal rows of reinforcement can be placed on the base and, subsequently, at cm 40, 70, 100 from the previous row. Usually, the level of the casting does not reach the panel top plate but is about 40 cm lower to dislocate the reinforcement rods from the panel on the next level. The filling will be complete at the same time as the floor casting. The stiffeners shall be connected to each other at 50 cm on average. If a casting-block is present, the emerging part of the panel must be secured, at a centre distance of about 50 cm, to the mesh and/or up-per rods of the floor to avoid damages that can be caused by the con-crete thrust.


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In correspondence to the panel edges, closing with boards and inclined pillars firmly in the ground must be carried out. Do the same in corre-spondence to the openings (doors and windows), where a crowning contrasted by pillars (horizontal and vertical) must be place about every 100 cm. 4.3.5 Casting procedures4.3.5 Casting procedures The indications, knownknown to the technicians, about the correct procedures to follow when casting and all inspections to carry out before, during and after the procedures shall be omitted. Other aspects are reported that, when using EMMEDUE panels, shall be kept in mind. First of all, the regulation of the mixtures that shall have a diameter maximum of the minor inert substances of 12 mm, a higher workability (S=5) and me-chanical resistance usually greater than25 Mpa and in any case corre-sponding to that of the project. The casting procedures can be carried out dry or with the use of a auto-pump; for the latter, an appropriate casting tube with rectangular sections can be realized, to facilitate the procedures, in order to better convey the concrete in the walls without waste. The casting procedures must proceed gradually, filling the pan-els not more than 40 cm at a time and letting is set for a few minutes and casting along the horizontal route to make sure that completely fill-ing the walls takes at least about 1 hour from the start.


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pag. 44

4.44.4. . RIBBED FLOOR RIBBED FLOOR SLABSSLABS WITH EMMEDUE WITH EMMEDUE FLOORFLOOR

PANELSPANELS (PSSGE) (PSSGE) This type of panels integrates the field of application of single corrugated panels PSS1E. Its ridged configuration enables the building of longer spans, depending on the height of the floors and the loads applied. In the internal of the blocks of polystyrene, metallic posts are placed that enable the propping at about 2,50 m interval.

PSM

PlasterReinforcement meshesaccording calculation

Sand-cement concrete

PSMPlaster

RG2

RG1

RG1

RG1

Plaster

Plaster

Plaster

Plaster


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pag. 45

4.4.1 Assembling floor panels PSSGE4.4.1 Assembling floor panels PSSGE Follow the instructions supplied for single floor panels, meaning to proceed first with the joining of the single elements ant then connect-ing the walls with steel bars and/or reinforcement mesh. The panels act as mould and sere to lighten and originate resistant elements with mono-directional behaviour to complete on site with concrete which will fill the rafters and form a slab with greater thickness which varies from 4 to 6 cm, depending on the circumstances (loads, spans, etc.). Rbk>30 Mpa concrete shall be used and, in any case in accordance with the project, with a diameter maximum if the inert substances less than 12 mm. The rafter armatures, which shall be layed before casting, must be checked for particular load and overload situations as well as for any stress from changes and/or slabs. Besides these armatures, rein-forcement mesh RG1 shall be placed in the wall supports before ap-plying plaster. Lay push rods and boards at intervals of 1,20 m, slightly increasing the pillar height at the centre of the floor so the panels have a slight camber of about 0,25 cm for each metre of span. A roof frame will then be made with bridge boards placed at a centre distance of about 20 cm. For PSSGE type of floors, use using box reinforcement elements en-tirely at the brick slab, it is possible to lay pillars with a centre distance of about 2,5 cm connected by the wall or bridge boards. Once the casting is carried out and the support pillars are gradually removed (after 28 days), proceed with slab plastering procedures.


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pag. 46

4.4.1.1. 4.4.1.1. Calculations and checks of the floor panel Calculations and checks of the floor panel

A series of diagrams and tables useful for designing the floor are shown below. The calculations and checks have been carried out using the limit state method and the allowable stress method. It is also possible to request a file in Excel for the verifications of the floor panels with spans and loads of projects. Remember when dimensioning the floor that the minimum thickness must be greater than 1/25 of the calculation span and depending on loads, in a way to have deformations compatible with the working conditions of the floor.

4.4.1.2. Moment and resistant cut of a PSSG2E4.4.1.2. Moment and resistant cut of a PSSG2E

CHECKS AT THE LIMIT STATES Beam interaxis i =56 cm

Beam width l =10 cm

q

L

TYPE OF FLOOR PANEL

HEIGHT OF FLOOR Own weight Ultimate moment

of the ind. beam

hollow block

member MRd+ MRd- VRd1 VRd2

h (cm) s (cm) (kN/m2) (kNm) (kNm) (kN) (kN)

PSSG2E 8+4

8 4 1.70 7.99 -7.01 9.00 43.10

PSSG2E 10+4

10 4 1.80 9.59 -8.70 10.40 51.70

PSSG2E 12+4

12 4 1.90 11..23 -10.38 11.30 60.40

PSSG2E 14+4

14 4 2.00 12.89 -12.05 12.20 69.00

PSSG2E 16+4

16 4 2.05 14.51 -13.73 13.00 77.60

PSSG2E 18+4

18 4 2.15 16.14 -15.41 13.80 86.30

PSSG2E 20+4

20 4 2.25 17.78 -17.09 14.60 94.90

Cut limit

of the ind. beam


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pag. 47

4.4.1.3. Graphics for the maximum pre4.4.1.3. Graphics for the maximum pre--dimensioning of an dimensioning of an

EMMEDUE PSSG2E floor panelEMMEDUE PSSG2E floor panel

These graphics represent a means of carrying out an immediate maximum pre-

dimensioning of Emmedue floor panels. The dimensioning of the floor panel is estimated de-pending on the calculation span and loads. The different curves repre-sent the different PSSG2E panel sections. The first number identifies the height of the hollow block in SEP and the second the thickness of the concrete floor member, considering an additional reinforcement of 2+2 f 12/ beam. The load refers to a 1m strip of floor and includes its own weight. The graphics are obtained by referring to a moment in a span of

8

2qlM =


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pag. 48

4.4.1.4. Maximum moment and cut of PSSG2E4.4.1.4. Maximum moment and cut of PSSG2E CHECKS TO THE ALLOWABLE STRESS

Beam interaxis i (cm)=56 Beam width l (cm)=10 Check carried out with reinforcement 2+2Ø12 Values for a strip of flooring of one m

TYPE OF FLOOR PANEL

HEIGHT OF FLOOR Own Weight Mmax

hollow block floor member

h (cm) s (cm) (dN/m2) (dNm) (dN)

PSSG2E 8+4 8 4 170 944 964

PSSG2E 10+4 10 4 180 1133 1157

PSSG2E 12+4 12 4 190 1322 1350

PSSG2E 14+4 14 4 200 1511 1543

PSSG2E 16+4 16 4 205 1700 1736

PSSG2E 18+4 18 4 215 1889 1929

PSSG2E 20+4 20 4 225 2078 2121

Tmax


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pag. 49

4.4.1.5. Calculations and checks of the floor panel4.4.1.5. Calculations and checks of the floor panel

A series of diagrams and tables useful for designing the floor are shown below. The calculations and checks have been carried out using the limit state method and the allowable stress method. It is also possible to request a file in Ex-cel for the verifications of the floor pan-els with spans and loads of projects. Remember when dimensioning the floor that the minimum thickness must be greater than 1/25 of the calculation span and depending on loads, in a way to have deformations compatible with the working conditions of the floor. 4.4.1.6. Moment and resistant cut of a PSSG3E4.4.1.6. Moment and resistant cut of a PSSG3E CHECKS AT THE LIMIT STATES Beam interaxis i =37.5 cm Beam width l =10 cm

Supposed reinforcement 2+2 Ø12/ beam

q

L

TYPE OF FLOOR PANEL

HEIGHT OF FLOOR Own weight

Ultimate moment of the ind. beam

Cut limit of the ind. beam

Hollw block

Floor member

MRd+ MRd- VRd1 VRd2

h (cm) s (cm) (kN/m2) (kNm) (kNm) (kN) (kN)

PSSG3E 8+4

8 4.00 1.90 7.67 -7.01 9.00 43.10

PSSG3E 10+4

10 4.00 2.00 9.33 -8.70 10.40 51.70

PSSG3E 12+4

12 4.00 2.15 10.97 -10.38 11.30 60.40

PSSG3E 14+4

14 4.00 2.25 12.62 -12.05 12.20 69.00

PSSG3E 16+4

16 4.00 2.40 14.29 -13.73 13.00 77.60

PSSG3E 18+4

18 4.00 2.55 15.97 15.41 13.80 86.30

PSSG3E 20+4

20 4.00 2.65 17.62 -17.09 14.60 94.90

PSSG3E 22+4

22 4.00 2.80 19.26 -18.75 15.40 103.50


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PSSG3E 24+4

24 4.00 2.90 20.91 -20.42 16.10 112.10

PSSG3E 26+4

26 4.00 3.00 22.57 -22.09 16.80 120.80

PSSG3E 28+4

28 4.00 3.15 24.22 -23.75 17.50 129.40

PSSG3E 28+6

28 6.00 3.62 25.89 -25.42 17.50 129.40

4.4.1.7. Graphics for the maximum pre4.4.1.7. Graphics for the maximum pre--dimensioning of an dimensioning of an

EMMEDUE PSSG3E floor panelEMMEDUE PSSG3E floor panel

These graphics represent a means of carrying out an immediate

maximum pre-dimensioning of Emmedue floor panels.

The dimensioning of the floor panel is estimated depending on the

calculation span and loads.


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pag. 51

The different curves represent the different PSSG3E panel sections. The first number identifies the height of the hollow block in SEP and the second the thickness of the concrete floor member, considering an additional reinforcement of 2+2 f 12/ beam. The load refers to a 1m strip of floor and includes its own weight. The graphics are obtained by referring to a moment in a span of

For configurations different to those proposed, the designer must verify the additional reinforcements necessary. 4.4.1.8. Maximum moment and cut of a PSSG3E4.4.1.8. Maximum moment and cut of a PSSG3E

CHECKS TO THE ALLOWABLE STRESS Beam interaxis i (cm)=37.5 Beam width l (cm)=10 Reinforcement 2+2Ø12 Values for a strip of flooring of one m

8

2qlM =

TYPE OF FLOOR PANEL

HEIGHT OF FLOOR Own Weight Mmax

hollow block Floor mem-ber

h (cm) s (cm) (dN/m2) (dN/m) (dN) PSSG3E 8+4 8 4.00 190 1410 1440

PSSG3E 10+4 10 4.00 200 1692 1728

PSSG3E 12+4 12 4.00 215 1974 2016

PSSG3E 14+4 14 4.00 225 2256 2304

PSSG3E 16+4 16 4.00 240 2538 2592

PSSG3E 18+4 18 4.00 255 2820 2880

PSSG3E 20+4 20 4.00 265 3103 3168

PSSG3E 22+4 22 4.00 280 3385 3456

PSSG3E 24+4 24 4.00 290 3667 3744

Tmax

PSSG3E 24+6 26 6.00 340 4231 4320


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pag. 53

4.54.5. . EEMMEDUEMMEDUE PANELSPANELS USEDUSED ASAS PARTITIONPARTITION WALLSWALLS First of all, trace the outlines of the partitions on the ground as well as along the pillars and contact walls, if any. Take particular care with the hori-zontal and vertical lines (see picture at the right). Panels can be fastened with C-shaped metal profiles which should be as long as each panel’s thickness, and fixed to the support by means of a pneumatic riveter or with ø 6-8 mm. iron members approx. 50 cm. long. In this last case, the iron members should be previously stuck into the supporting structure to about 6 cm. with a sealing epoxy resin at a distance of 40 cm. from each other. Subsequently the iron members will be fixed to the meshes on both sides of the panel . In case of partitions or loads not covered by normal standards, the above indications should be verified. In case of a panel disjunction, an elastic membrane or a polystyrene strip

bigger than the panel thickness should be fixed to the panels before assembly so that the plaster does not stick to the elements where there should be a dis-junction. In this case, too, the iron mem-bers should be kept free inside their bor-ings (see picture at the left). Expansion joints are generally advised in the case of walls longer than 6 m. or higher than one storey. Panels should be assembled preferably before making the subfloor. If iron mem-bers are used, panels should be assem-bled after having positioned and con-nected the iron members on one side of a panel which has been previously and duly bored on the opposite side. After fixing the iron members to one side of the panel, the other side should be an-chored and then fixed to the wall. As for the positioning of the reinforcing meshes and the installation of fixtures, see previous paragraphs. For wall finish-ing any cement base plaster can be

used, even pre-mixed, for a thickness of about 1,5-2 cm using the standard technical indications for setting.

holes forbar insertion

partition wall trace withadditional internal line

beam

Floor slab

50

50

Dilatation jointthickness= 2 cm

Bars ø6 at 40 cm interval

Bars ø6 at 40 cm interval

alternated

Epoxy cement

Plaster of cement and sand

Reinforcing iron rod loose

inside the hole

A d v a n c e d

B u i l d i n g

S y s t e m

A d v a n c e d

B u i l d i n g

S y s t e m

EMMEDUEEMMEDUE

EMMEDUE S.p.AVia Toniolo 39B Z.I. Bellocchi di Fano 61032 (PU) - Italia

Tel. ++39 0721.855650-1 Fax: 0721.854030www.mdue.it [email protected]

1__

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