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Punctuation practice

Circle each letter that needs to be capitalized and add periods and commas as needed.

welcome to intermediate writing dominique millard is your

teacher she has been at portland community college since 1997

dominique grew up in wisconsin it is a state in the midwest after high

school she went to the university of minnesota in minneapolis she

stayed in minnesota for seven years she loves winter and the snow

she moved to portland in 1996 before portland she lived in tucson

arizona for two years

dominique is married her husband is a geological engineer her

brother and his wife live in hillsboro they have a young baby girl

dominique loves being an aunt dominique’s parents are retired and

live in washington she visits them every few months her mother is

from quebec canada she came to the united states when she was

twenty-one years old to learn english and to be a nurse her father is

american he grew up near seattle washington

dominique is happy in portland because there are many things

to do she loves skiing in the winter and hiking in the summer in her

free time she loves cooking reading and watching movies

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QUESTION & NEGATIVE FORMATION RULES

TO BE

PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE I am we are I was we were you are you are you were you were s/he/it is they are s/he/it was they were

TO DO

PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE I do we do I did we did you do you do you did you did s/he/it does they do s/he/it did they did

TO HAVE PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE I have we have I had we had you have you have you had you had s/he/it has they have s/he/it had they had TO MAKE A QUESTION: 1. If the verb is any form of TO BE, move the verb to the front of the sentence. ex. He is happy. Is he happy? 2. For all other one word verbs, add a form of DO to the front of the sentence and use the simple form of the original verb. ex. He has a car. Does he have a car? 3. For 2 or more word verbs, move the first word of the verb to the front of the sentence. ex. He should study grammar. Should he study grammar? TO MAKE A NEGATIVE: 1. If the verb is any form of TO BE, add NOT after the verb. ex. He is happy He is not happy. 2. For all other one word verbs, add a form of DO + NOT + the simple form of the original verb. ex. He has a car He does not have a car. 3. For 2 or more word verbs, add NOT after the first word of the verb. ex. He should study grammar. He should not study grammar.

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QUESTION FORMATION

USE DO, DOES, IS, ARE, or AM IN THE BLANKS TO MAKE CORRECT SENTENCES

1. _______ you drink tea every day?

2. _______ your friend have a new car?

3. _______ they going to a movie tonight?

4. _______ the man working right now?

5. _______ Sarah buy some coffee?

6. _______ the manager work long hours?

7. _______ the people ready to vote in the election?

8. _______ Michelle live in France?

9. _______ the cooks work in a restaurant?

10. _______ Bill and Alex going to the beach?

11. _______ the students study at night?

12. _______ Gloria singing a song?

13. _______ they like to go downtown?

14. _______ the doctors work on weekends?

15. _______ I doing my homework correctly?

16. _______ Susan and Mara painting their house?

17. _______ they watching TV?

18. _______ they play soccer every weekend?

19. _______ the teachers give too much homework?

20. _______ the children keep their rooms clean?

21. _______ the new car get good gas milegae?

22. _______ people need more exercise?

23. _______ the train on time for Seattle?

24. _______ the cost of housing increasing in Portland?

25. _______ parking expensive at PCC?

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Make a negative, a question, and a short answer for each sentence given. Pay attention to verb tense. ex. They are happy students - a) They are not happy students. ? b) Are they happy students? + c) Yes, they are. 1. They are sad today.

-a)

?b)

+c)

2. She cooked dinner last night.

-a)

?b)

+c)

3. I will buy a new car tomorrow.

-a)

?b)

+c)

4. He is studying grammar.

-a)

?b)

+c)

5. We have a test next week.

-a)

?b)

+c)

6. They had a fight about money.

-a)

?b)

+c)

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COMMON WRITING ERRORS

Fragment: an incomplete thought. Ex. Because I was hungry. I bought a. Was funny. Comma Splice: incorrect use of a comma. Two independent clauses joined only by a comma. Ex. I like coffee, I like tea. Run-on: no punctuation used to join independent clauses. Ex. I like coffee I like tea and I like milk Tell whether each mistake is a fragment (F), comma splice (CS) or a run-on (RO)

_____ 1. On Saturday I went downtown, on Sunday I went to Hood River.

_____ 2. When I get home.

_____ 3. I went to a movie I also went for a walk.

_____ 4. My dog is old she is very quiet and slow.

_____ 5. Juan has a reading test on Monday, he has a writing test on Wednesday.

_____ 6. The kind man bought his daughter a.

_____ 7. Because she was 21 years old.

_____ 8. Joanne flew to San Francisco today and tomorrow she’ll go to Los Angeles.

_____ 9. I want to get a part-time job this summer, I need more money

_____ 10. Jane studied math in college in graduate school she studied computers.

_____ 11. Went to dinner with my friends.

_____ 12. My name Dominique.

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SENTENCE ERRORS

Please label each mistake as either a Fragment (F), Run-on (R) or a Comma Splice (C). Please correct each mistake. ____ 1. Was a sound of the wind through a big tree. ____ 2. I was happy, I was with my family ____ 3. I looked outside and I saw trees plants and flowers were destroyed. ____ 4. Because it was Friday. ____ 5. Everything outside fell down, my house didn’t have any damage. ____ 6. When I was waiting for the bus. ____ 7. After she saw the movie ____ 8. first we found the recipe then we gathered the ingredients and finally we baked

the cake it was very delicious so we ate it for dinner ____ 9. I thought he was a thief, he wasn’t. ____ 10. Unless I have to work overtime. ____ 11. I saw big man who stared at me, he didn’t look very friendly. ____ 12. I was afraid of dark, I went to my friend’s house. ____ 13. Because I was in love with her. ____ 14. The mother sang a song to her baby and she read her a book and

she gave her some milk. ____ 15. When he closed the door. ____ 16. I couldn’t stop crying, I cried for three hours. ____ 17. There was a vase on the table and it fell down on the floor and broke. ____ 18. If you want to do it. ____ 19. I wasn’t scared I felt happy now I could relax there wasn’t a problem ____ 20. I could hear his voice, I couldn’t see him.

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ARTICLES/DETERMINERS

Definite Article: the Indefinite Article: a/an Determiners: some/any Articles are used in front of nouns. Some nouns are count nouns—they have singular and plural forms. ex. orange(s), pencil(s), car(s), dog(s), pencil(s) Other nouns are noncount nouns—they do not have a plural form. ex. water, soup, snow, homework, happiness, truth 1. For the first mention of a singular noun, use an indefinite article (a/an). The second time it is mentioned, use the definite article (the) ex. I live in a brown house. The house is close to PCC. 2. Use the before a singular noun if it is a one-of-a-kind item or if the speaker and listener both know exactly what is being talked about. ex. He is the president of the U.S. (there is only one president at a time). Please close the classroom door (there is only one door to the classroom). 3. Plural nouns and noncount nouns are introduced with some (statements), any (questions/negatives), or no article. They are not used with indefinite articles. For the second mention of a plural or noncount noun, use the definite article the. Example Plural Count Nouns Noncount Nouns statement I have (some) oranges. I have (some) money.

question Do you have any oranges? Do you have any money?

negative I don’t have any oranges. I don’t have any money.

2nd mention The oranges are delicious. The money is in my wallet.

4. To make generalizations: singular noun: a/an A dog makes a good pet. plural noun: no article Dogs make good pets. noncount noun: no article Love is the key to happiness

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NOUN PRACTICE Decide if each noun is count or noncount. Can it be used in a plural form?

Then practice making sentences using: much/many, a few/a little, and a/an/the/some/any.

Ex. cat: I have many cats. I have a few cats. I have a cat. The cat is cute. Do you have any cats?

Ex. tea: I have much tea. I have a little tea. I have some tea. The tea is good. Do you have any tea?

chair egg

desk milk

furniture cigarette

hair banana

dog river

shoe table

coffee mail

homework airplane

house rice

car friend

music happiness

traffic test

book sandwich

radio soup

brother pollution

time fruit

luck movie

love song

backpack tree

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BASIC PARTS OF SPEECH

SUBJECT: noun or pronoun. Agent of the verb. Tells who or what did something.

John plays soccer.

The window broke.

NOUN:

person John studies a lot.

place Portland is a nice city.

thing. He eats toast every morning.

PRONOUN: a word that takes the place of a noun. We love this city.

Put it in the closet.

VERB: Tells the action or links the subject with the rest of the sentence.

ex. Athletes train for their races.

PRESENT PARTICIPLE: Verb + -ing. Used as an adjective or to form progressive (continuous)

tenses.

ex. That was an exciting movie. (adjective)

She is cooking her dinner. (present progressive tense)

PAST PARTICIPLE: for regular verbs: regular –ed simple past tense ending. Used as an

adjective or to form either a passive tense or a perfect tense. Irregular verbs have irregular past

participles. Consult a grammar book for a list of these.

ex. He is a tired boy. (adjective)

She was surprised by the book’s ending. (passive voice)

We have seen that movie before. (present perfect; irregular verb)

ADJECTIVE: describes and precedes a noun or pronoun, or follows a linking verb.

Answers these questions: Which one? the second chapter What kind? the old car How many? ten students

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POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE: An adjective that describes a noun and shows possession His shoe is untied. Whose shoe is untied? His shoe.

This is my car. Whose car is this? My car.

POSSESSIVE PRONOUN: A pronoun which replaces a possessive adjective and the noun that

follows.

ex. This is my car. This is mine.

ex. That is your house. That is yours.

TABLE OF PRONOUNS

SUBJECT OBJECT POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE

POSSESSIVE PRONOUN

REFLEXIVE

SINGULAR I me my mine myself you you your yours yourself he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its itself

PLURAL we us our ours ourselves you you your yours yourselves they them their theirs themselves

ADVERB: describes a verb She ate quickly

adjective It is very hot. adverb She ate very quickly

Answers these questions: when now, later, yesterday where here, there, everywhere how quickly, easily, carefully how often always, never, sometimes

LINKING VERB: TO BE, verbs of senses, emotions, or states of being. Connects the subject and the subject complement. Common linking verbs: be, seem, look, smell, taste, feel

ex. Mrs. Smith is a teacher. Mrs. Smith and teacher are the same person.

ex. The food smells delicious. Delicious describes the subject “food”.

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SUBJECT COMPLEMENT: Follows a linking verb and refers back to the subject or describes it in some way. It can be a noun or adjective.

ex. He is a policeman. (noun) ex. She feels angry. (adj)

TRANSITIVE VERB: Takes (requires) an object to complete the meaning of the sentence.

ex. I bought a car .

without the noun car, the thought would not be complete.

INTRANSITIVE VERB: Does not require an object to complete the meaning of the sentence.

ex. I slept.

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE: starts with a preposition and ends with a noun.

prepositions: of, at, to, from, in, out, after, up, on, off, with, for, by

prepositional phrase: (at my house), (in the classroom), (on the table), (by the door) Note: the noun at the end of a prepositional phrase is called the object of the preposition

DIRECT OBJECT: noun or pronoun. Answers “what” about the verb.

ex. The man bought a car. What did he buy? A car.

INDIRECT OBJECT: noun or pronoun. Recipient of the direct object. Answers “to/for whom”.

ex. The man bought his wife a car. Who got the car? His wife.

OBJECT COMPLEMENT: Noun or adjective that follows the object and refers back to it or describes it in some way.

ex. They named their son Rick. (noun) What did they name their son? Rick

ex. The movie made her sad. (adj) How did the movie make her feel? Sad

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GERUND: the –ing form of a verb that is used like a noun. Can be used anywhere in a sentence that a noun is used (subject or object positions).

ex. Shopping is fun. Shopping is used here as a noun, the subject of the sentence.

ex. I like swimming. Swimming is used here as a noun, the direct object, to tell what I like.

INFINITIVE: preposition TO + simple form of a verb. Can be used anywhere in a sentence that a noun is used (subject or object positions). Examples: TO RUN, TO EAT, TO STUDY, TO REST.

ex. To shop is fun. To shop is used here as a noun, the subject of the sentence.

ex. I like to swim. To swim is used here as a noun, the direct object, to tell what I like.

PHRASE: A group of words that does not contain a subject or a verb.

CLAUSE: A group of words containing a subject and a verb. Can be Independent (a complete thought) or Dependent (an incomplete thought).

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE: a group of words containing a subject and a verb that immediately follows the noun it describes. All adjective clauses are Dependent Clauses. The first word of an adjective clause, the subordinating conjunction, is called a relative pronoun.

The most common relative pronouns are: who, which, whom, whose, and that

ex. The man who is in the chair is my uncle.

NOUN CLAUSE: a group of words containing a subject and a verb that can be used anywhere in a sentence that a noun is used (subject or object positions).

ex. Where she went is a mystery to me.

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PREPOSITIONS (a partial list)

about before down near through because of above behind during of to in addition to across below for off toward in back of after beside from on under in front of against between in out until in place of around beyond into over upon next to at by like since with out of Prepositional Phrases: begin with a preposition and end with a noun. The noun at the end of a prepositional phrase is called the object of the preposition. at school after lunch of the two on the table in the summer with blue eyes under the desk at noon in the garden in front of the house on my birthday from Spain Now you practice. Place parentheses around the prepositional phrases in each sentence. ex. He lives (on the corner) (by the coffee shop). 1. In the summer, I often visit my relatives in Colorado.

2. Jane is cooking dinner in the kitchen.

3. Her dog sits under the table.

4. His shirt is made of silk.

5. Michael wrote a letter to his mother about his recent vacation.

6. I need a cup of sugar and a cup of flour for my cookies.

7. The letter on the table is from my brother.

Note: When analyzing sentences, it is useful to place parentheses around the prepositional phrases first because they do not contain the main subject, verb, direct object, or indirect object of a sentence. They can, however, contain adjectives. Be careful you don’t confuse a prepositional phrase (TO + noun) with an infinitive (TO + simple form of verb). ex. She went (to the store). Prepositional phrase.

She needs to buy coffee. Infinitive

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ADJECTIVES

An adjective describes a noun or follows a linking verb. It answers the questions: which one? what kind? how many? Circle the adjectives in the following sentences. 1. James is a nice man.

2. They bought a new car.

3. She looks wonderful.

4. The coffee tastes delicious.

5. The blue house is pretty.

6. It was a sunny day.

7. They have three children.

8. His car has a flat tire.

9. She is a nice teacher.

10. He is a quiet boy.

ADVERBS

An adverb describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb It answers the questions: where? when? how? how often? Underline the adverbs in the following sentences. 1. Sam ate his dinner quickly.

2. Susan is always late.

3. The tea is very hot.

4. My homework is too hard!

5. She quietly asked her friend a question.

6. They are never mean.

7. He speaks very loudly.

8. Alice sings incredibly beautifully.

9. Max bought a car yesterday.

10. The weeds are everywhere in my garden.

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Adjective/Adverb Review A. Circle the adjectives and underline the adverbs in the following sentences.

1. The young boy lazily watched the funny show on TV.

2. The lovely woman politely asked the handsome man in the garden a question.

3. He is very lonely, but he is not very sad.

4. The child ate his dinner too quickly, so his mother got very angry with him.

5. The wonderful students in my writing class studied hard for their grammar test

6. The overworked students thanked their kind teacher for the easy assignment.

7. He is a very friendly man, so you should have a pleasant evening with him.

B. Circle the correct answer in each sentence.

1. The nervous boy waited (patient/patiently) in the doctor’s office. 2. The businessman felt very (tired/tiredly) after a long day at work. 3. The cook made them a (delicious/deliciously) meal for their anniversary. 4. That picture is (beautiful/beautifully) painted. 5. The new mother (loving/lovingly) cared for her baby. 6. The people in the apartment above ours (noisy/noisily) played their stereo until midnight. 7. The couple was so (sad/sadly) after their vacation.

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ADJECTIVES/ADVERBS. Circle the correct choice (adjective or adverb) to complete each sentence.

1. My neighbor’s children are very (loud/loudly).

2. They cry (loud/loudly) during the night.

3. The tired students sat (quiet/quietly) in class.

4. They were too (quiet/quietly). Nobody said a word.

5. When class ended, they left (quick/quickly).

6. The teenage boy (rude/rudely) disobeyed his parents.

7. He was grounded for his (rude/rudely) behavior.

8. The musician played the piano (beautiful/beautifully).

9. Her voice was incredibly (beautiful/beautifully).

10. The students studied (hard/hardly) for the test.

11. They (hard/hardly) slept because they studied so much.

12. Everyone was (happy/happily) because of their grades.

13. When class ended, they (happy/happily) went home.

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LINKING VERBS

Part I: LINKING VERB: to be, verbs of senses, emotions, or states of being. Connects the subject and the subject complement. The most common linking verbs are: be, become, feel, look, seem, smell, sound, and taste. ex. Mrs. Smith is a teacher. Mrs. Smith and teacher are the same person. ex. The food smells delicious. Delicious describes the subject “food”. SUBJECT COMPLEMENT: Follows a linking verb and refers back to the subject or describes it in some way. It works like an equals sign ( = ) in math. It can be a noun or adjective. If there is an adverb or prepositional phrase after the verb, it isn’t a linking verb. ex. He is a policeman. (noun) ex. She feels angry. (adj)

Part II: What follows the verb in each sentence? Write ADJ for adjective, N for noun, ADV for adverb, or PP for prepositional phrase. 1. My parents’ house is in Washington.

2. Your money will be there.

3. The milk smells sour.

4. That is a chocolate cake.

5. She looks beautiful.

6. I feel sick.

7. She became a politician.

8. Jeff is at the movies.

9. The man is a doctor.

10. The test seems difficult.

Part III: Find the subject, verb, and subject complement in each sentence. Watch out—some of these sentences don’t have subject complements. Can you tell which ones? 1. The weather looks cloudy today.

2. Her mother is a nurse.

3. Her mother is from Texas.

4. The test seems difficult.

5. She was happy about the news.

6. Class will end on Friday.

7. Dinner smells delicious!

8. You look terrible!

9. The soup tastes salty.

10. The young boy became a hero.

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Identify the subject, verb, and object (if there is one) in each sentence. o

ex. Plants need water. ex. The sun shines.

1. Go away!

2. Kiss me!

3. I love grammar.

4. Paul and Susan are very rich.

5. David ate thirty cookies.

6. Nancy hates beer.

7. They bought a new car.

8. Sam will move to Germany.

9. The box is heavy.

10. The dog is very mean.

11. Alex has a headache.

12. We saw the movie in December.

13. She loves Jackie Chan.

14. They will study at her house.

15. My friends and I love fishing.

16. Max was late for class.

17. He got a speeding ticket.

18. She has thirty children.

19. Helen lost her wallet.

20. The man bit the dog.

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Please label the subject, verb, and object (if there is one) in each sentence. o ex. Plants need water. ex. The sun shines.

1. Bob is reading a book.

2. The carpenter built a table.

3. Birds sing in the morning.

4. Cows eat grass.

5. My dog barked.

6. The dog chased the cat.

7. Accidents happen.

8. The movie was scary.

9. My roommate opened the window.

10. Most birds build nests.

11. Our guests arrived in the morning.

12. Teachers assign homework.

13. Steam rises.

14. Jack raised his hand.

15. Irene is watching the children.

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Identify the Subjects, Verbs, Objects , Adjectives, and (Prepositional Phrases) o ex. Plants need water. ex. The sun shines.

1. He bought a new pen.

2. Mary is watching TV.

3. She ate her dinner in the kitchen.

4. He ate in front of the TV.

5. We will paint the house on Friday.

6. Ed cut the grass on Saturday.

7. I feel sick.

8. They will vote for their favorite politician in the election.

9. Mark played his new CD.

10. My parents went to the museum in the morning.

11. The students are doing their homework.

12. I will empty the trash in a minute.

13. He is becoming angry.

14. They saw Keiko at the aquarium in Newport.

15. They were sleeping.

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O Identify the Subjects, Verbs, Objects , Adjectives, and (Prepositional Phrases)

1. You asked a question about the homework

2. He did his homework in the kitchen

3. The eggs are in the refrigerator

4. The teacher looks lovely

5. John drank a beer in the bar with his friends

6. They cook dinner at 7:00pm

7. The young boy made a birthday gift for his mother

8. The students in writing class are very smart

9. Godzilla is a famous monster

10. Lazy children become lazy adults

11. Tom built an airplane in his basement

12. She plants new flowers in her garden in the spring

13. Mike drove his new car over the speed limit

14. My husband is working on his computer

15. They will go to a movie in the afternoon

16. Nancy is wearing her favorite dress

17. His friends are eating French fries at McDonald’s

18. The cute boy in my reading class smiled at me

19. The lucky man won 10 million dollars in the lottery

20. The woman is angry at the bank for their mistake.

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Sentence Review Sentence: a group of words that contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought. Note: this is also called an Independent Clause (IC) Simple Sentence: a sentence that has one subject-verb combination. Note: this can include compound subjects and compound verbs SV = one subject and one verb. I like school. SSV = a compound (two or more) subject Jim and Mark are brothers. SVV = a compound (two or more) verb Susan reads and watches TV. Practice: Underline the subject and verb in each sentence. Tell if each sentence is SV, SSV, or SVV ex. My parents are retired and live in Washington. SVV

1. It never rains in Portland. ________

2. My brother and sister live in California. ________

3. The man in the boat bought a raincoat. ________

4. Her children always do their homework and eat their vegetables. ________

5. The books and the CDs are hers. ________

6. The blonde woman in the office is the president and loves her job. ________ Compound Sentence: two simple sentences joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction. A coordinating conjunction joins 2 to 3 independent clauses together. (Remember FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) Simple sentence = IC Compound sentence = IC, coordinating IC conjunction Practice: Tell whether each sentence is simple (S) or compound (C). Underline the subject once and the verb twice in each sentence. ex. S John and Sam went to Seaside last weekend. 1. The students in class wanted more homework, and they asked for more tests. 2. Betty and Paul sailed a boat on the coast by Newport. 3. Mark loves the rain, but his wife prefers sunshine. 4. The lucky actor and the famous writer from Chicago won an award for their movie. 5. He cooked dinner and washed the dishes, so his wife was happy.

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SIMPLE SENTENCES Underline the SUBJECTS once and the VERBS twice in the following sentences. All sentences are simple sentences. Tell if each sentence is SV, SVV, or SSV.

_____ 1. Michael lives in North Portland.

_____ 2. Molly and Cheyenne are his dogs.

_____ 3. He rides to work and walks in the evening.

_____ 4. I called my parents on the phone and talked to them for an hour.

_____ 5. The young boy and his mother are from California.

_____ 6. I ate a sandwich and an apple for lunch.

_____ 7. I love cooking but hate cleaning.

_____ 8. Computers and cell phones are modern inventions.

_____ 9. I asked a question about the homework.

_____ 10. I ate cookies and drank tea in the afternoon.

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COMPOUND SENTENCES

FANBOYS

FOR: same meaning as because. It is used to introduce a reason or cause. ex. They got good grades, for they studied hard. AND: shows addition. It is used to join two similar items. ex. I like coffee, and I like tea. NOR: means not this and not that. It is used to join two negative sentences. Remember that the word order after nor is like a question: the verb comes

before the subject. ex. I don’t like homework, nor do I like tests.

BUT: shows opposition or contrast. ex. He is very young, but his hair is already gray. OR: shows choice or alternatives. ex. I will eat Mexican food tonight, or I will eat Italian food. YET: same meaning as but. It is considered more formal than but. Often used when the second part of the sentence is surprising. ex. The big dog looks scary, yet it is wagging its tail. SO: shows result. ex. She wanted to travel the world, so she became an airplane pilot. Now you try…create your own compound sentences using the coordinating conjunctions given. Be sure to use a comma before the coordinating conjunction.

1. for

2. and

3. nor

4. but

5. or

6. yet

7. so

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SIMPLE/COMPOUND SENTENCES

Tell whether each sentence is SIMPLE (S) or COMPOUND (CP). If it is compound, and a comma.

_____ 1. The old white house at the bottom of the street is ugly but the new

blue house around the corner is beautiful. _____ 2. Paul and Jane bought a powerful new computer but they can’t use it. _____ 3. Sarah doesn’t have any friends or hobbies. _____ 4. The President of the United States gave a speech to the country

from Washington, DC and talked for a long time. _____ 5. Philip told me a true story about a man in an exotic country with money

and secrets.

_____ 6. They wanted a new television and they wanted a gas stove. _____ 7. The sick patient is waiting quietly in the doctor’s office but he is quickly

running out of time. _____ 8. The beautiful flowers around the campus look and smell incredibly

wonderful. _____ 9. The angry child yelled at her mother and started crying in the

restaurant. _____ 10. On Sunday I washed my car and I cleaned my dirty house.

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PLEASE TELL WHETHER EACH SENTENCE IS SIMPLE (S) OR COMPOUND (CP)

_____ 1. Ski jumping is a crazy sport!

_____ 2. Two bobsledders train in California, so they practice on a bobsled with wheels.

_____ 3. Athletes train in the U.S., and they compete in Europe.

_____ 4. The winter Olympics in Salt Lake City are on TV in the evening.

_____ 5. Alice practiced very hard, but she did not make the team for 2002.

_____ 6. I bought my mom a ticket for the games, but she did not go to Utah.

_____ 7. The downhill skiing is very fast and very dangerous.

_____ 8. The winner gave his parents his gold medal, and they felt very proud.

_____ 9. The Olympic athletes live in the Olympic Village.

_____ 10. Athletes compete in the Olympics for free, or they play professional sports for money.

_____ 11. Alexi was the best skier, yet he made a mistake and did not win a medal.

_____ 12. Figure skating combines art, music, and dance.

_____ 13. Dominique’s favorite sport is speed skating.

_____ 14. Tickets for the opening ceremonies cost five hundred dollars.

_____ 15. Fernando practices on a daily basis, so he will probably win a medal.

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Simple/Compound Sentences Tell if each sentence is simple (S) or compound (C). If it is compound, add a comma.

____ 1. Ruth moved to Paris and learned French. ____ 2. I walked the dog for 30 minutes in the park. ____ 3. In the summer, she stays out with her friends until midnight. ____ 4. She asked the famous chef a question about cooking. ____ 5. The man from the car accident seems incredibly angry. ____ 6. She went to the library on Saturday for she wanted to improve

her reading skills. ____ 7. This summer he will take a vacation with his parents and he will take a

vacation with his wife. ____ 8. Their kids don’t like cleaning the house nor do they like washing the car. ____ 9. Paul wanted to ask the teacher a question but he was very shy. ____ 10. I will go to the lake and swim for thirty minutes or I will go to the park

and run for 50 minutes.

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SIMPLE, COMPOUND, AND COMPLEX SENTENCES

Sentence: a group of words that contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought. Clause: a group of words that contains a subject and a verb. There are two kinds of clauses in English:

Independent Clause (IC): a group of words that contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought. Also called a simple sentence.

Dependent Clause (DC): an independent clause that has a subordinating conjunction at the beginning of it. By itself, it does not express a complete thought. It must be joined to an IC to make a complete sentence.

A DC alone is called a fragment.

Subordinating conjunctions are words that express time, reason, comparison, contrast, purpose, place or condition. ex: before, after, when, because, although, if, until, where, just as, while, unless.

Simple Sentence: a sentence that has one subject-verb combination and expresses a complete thought. Also called an independent clause (IC). Note: this can include compound subjects (“Jim and Mark are brothers.”)

and compound verbs (“Susan reads books and watches TV.”). Compound Sentence: two independent clauses joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction. A coordinating conjunction joins 2 to 3 independent clauses together. (Remember FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) Complex Sentence: a sentence that has one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. The clauses can be in any order, but if the DC is first, you must put a comma after it. Simple sentence = IC

Compound sentence = IC, coordinating conjunction IC (FANBOYS) Complex sentence = IC DC

DC, IC

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SENTENCE PRACTICE

Tell whether each sentence is Simple (S), Compound (CP), or Complex (CX)

_____ 1. He is very cute, and he is very nice. _____ 2. We rented a video on Sunday. _____ 3. Alex can’t go to the party on Friday even though he wants to. _____ 4. She is very beautiful. _____ 5. Heather was reading a book while Zack was working in the garden. _____ 6. When it is raining, I use an umbrella. _____ 7. The young couple bought a new house in Beaverton. _____ 8. They are funny, but they aren’t very nice. _____ 9. Although he is rich, he isn’t very happy. _____ 10. John wants a new car, yet he can’t afford one. _____ 11. If it is nice on Saturday, we will go to the coast. _____ 12. Because they were cold, they built a fire. _____ 13. I went to Washington to visit my parents for Veteran’s Day. _____ 14. As soon as he comes home, we will eat dinner. _____ 15. We will go for a drive on Sunday unless it is raining. _____ 16. I watched a sad movie, so I cried. _____ 17. Peter always takes a bath after he eats his dinner. _____ 18. I will bring my own lunch, or I will eat in the cafeteria. _____ 19. They must wash the dishes before they can watch TV. _____ 20. He gave his grandparents a Christmas gift.

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SIMPLE/COMPOUND/COMPLEX SENTENCES Mark each sentence as Simple (S), Compound (CP), or Complex(CX).

_____ 1. I will go to the coast next weekend unless it rains. _____ 2. She wanted to go dancing, but her friend wanted to see a movie. _____ 3. He’s eating an oatmeal cookie from the cafeteria. _____ 4. Even though this evening dress is expensive, I want it. _____ 5. Jack goes to the library at night, for he wants a good grade. _____ 6. In the winter, the white snow falls silently on the sleepy town. _____ 7. I sold my car because it was broken. _____ 8. Their family will visit them for Thanksgiving, and they will visit again

for Christmas. _____ 9. The college students in New York gave their favorite teacher some

chocolate candy for Halloween. _____ 10. He plans on taking UI Writing when he finishes Intermediate Writing. _____ 11. She loves plants, so she went to the store and bought new ones

for her home. _____ 12. Susan and Bob shop at the mall in the morning. _____ 13. If I was the teacher, I would never give the students tests

or homework. _____ 14. The new governor of Minnesota is not a Republican or a Democrat. _____ 15. Clint Eastwood will direct the new movie. _____ 16. I can’t register for next term until I know my grade from this term. _____ 17. When they have enough money, they will buy a house. _____ 18. Because she felt tired, she had a massage. _____ 19. I will do my homework although I would rather watch TV.

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SIMPLE/COMPOUND/COMPLEX SENTENCES Tell whether each sentence is Simple (S), Compound (CP) or Complex (CX).

1. He thought she was cute so he bought her some flowers. 2. When school ends I will not miss the homework. 3. They had an excellent weekend. 4. I bought a new TV for I received a raise in salary. 5. He will be very happy if she marries him. 6. During the summer I will read science fiction books for fun. 7. John is doing his homework or his is playing computer games. 8. After Brenda finishes her degree she will be a nurse. 9. They like Thai food and they like Indian food. 10. I walk my dog before I come to school. 11. They were watching a movie on Friday. 12. Jack wants to have a family but he is still single. 13. Sandy will go camping next weekend although she doesn’t want to. 14. The woman in the corner office might be the new boss. 15. Reba is trying to save her money to buy a house. 16. I don’t have any children, nor do I have any pets. 17. While you were sleeping I was cooking dinner. 18. Mark is lucky because he has many good friends. 19. I am going to go Victoria, Canada with my parents in June. 20. I need a new car yet I don’t have enough money to buy one. 21. She took a hike in the Gorge with her friend on Sunday.

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THE 5 BASIC SENTENCE PATTERNS

#1 S+V (subject/verb)

Sentences with this pattern may have prepositional phrases or adverbs after the verb, but they don’t need objects to complete the thought.

1. She reads in bed. 2. He worked late. 3. We live in a house. #2 S+V+O (subject/verb/object)

In this pattern, the verbs are transitive and must be followed by an object to complete the thought.

1. She read a book. 2. Dave cooked dinner. 3. We bought a house in a nice neighborhood.

#3 S+LV+SC (subject/linking verb/subject complement)

Be careful with this pattern! What may at first look like an object might really be a subject complement if it follows a linking verb. 1. She is beautiful. 2. He is a policeman. 3. The dinner smells wonderful.

#4 S+V+IO+DO (subject/verb/indirect object/direct object)

In this pattern, the Indirect Object comes before the Direct Object. Note: if the Indirect Object comes after the Direct Object, it is considered the Object of the Prepositional Phrase and not the Indirect Object. compare: He gave his girlfriend a flower. (S/V/IO/DO) He gave a flower to his girlfriend. (S/V/DO) 1. He gave his wife a gift. 2. She cooked her husband dinner. 3. Dave baked his mom a cake.

#5 S/V/O/OC (subject/verb/object/object complement) This pattern is commonly used by reporters in the news, but it isn’t very common in everyday conversation. 1. They called the rescue miraculous. 2. He labeled the movie a success. 3. He named the lieutenant chief of police.

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THE FIVE SENTENCE PATTERNS

Sentence Patterns: 1. S+V subject/verb 2. S+V+O subject/verb/direct object 3. S+LV+SC subject/linking verb/subject complement 4. S+V+IO+DO subject/verb/indirect object/direct object 5. S+V+O+OC subject/verb/direct object/object complement Note: A subject complement (#3) describes the subject. It can be a noun or an adjective.

ex. We are students. We are happy. An object complement (#5) describes the direct object. It can be a noun or an adjective.

ex. They called the surgery a miracle. They called the surgery miraculous. ______ 1. The handsome man writes poetry for his beautiful girlfriend.

______ 2. In the fall, the leaves on maple trees change color and fall to the ground.

______ 3. The green tea is hot and delicious.

______ 4. Alice studies marine biology at Oregon State University.

______ 5. Her mother’s food always tastes wonderful.

______ 6. Albert ate a turkey sandwich for lunch.

______ 7. Over the summer, Paulo and Omar hiked energetically in the rugged mountains of Idaho for seven days.

______ 8. The crowd disrespectfully called the politician a liar.

______ 9. A raccoon lives under the deck in his backyard.

______ 10. John needs a cup of coffee in the morning to wake up.

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SENTENCE PATTERN REVIEW

MATCH EACH SENTENCE WITH ITS CORRECT PATTERN

1. S+V 2. S+V+O 3. S+LV+SC 4. S+V+IO+DO

_____ 1. He is watching TV in the living room. _____ 2. The mother is angry at her young son. _____ 3. Martha baked a potato for dinner. _____ 4. In the fall, the leaves look beautiful. _____ 5. Alice gave her boyfriend a funny gift. _____ 6. They slept under the stars at the campground in the mountains. _____ 7. The garbage in his yard smells awful! _____ 8. Sam borrowed a digital camera from his friend. _____ 9. Mary gave Bob a clock for his office. _____ 10. They studied grammar in their writing class. _____ 11. Her daughter is watching a movie about animals. _____ 12. She feels fantastic. _____ 13. The student in the library is reading a book about science. _____ 14. The man in the store bought his wife some flowers. _____ 15. They are very lucky! _____ 16. Bears hibernate in the winter.

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TELL THE PATTERN IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES

1. S+V 2. S+V+O 3. S+LV+SC 4. S+V+IO+DO

____ 1. We are busily testing new students for Spring Term. ____ 2. The cookies tasted incredibly wonderful. ____ 3. Jack generously paid his employees a hundred dollars for their work. ____ 4. The lovely woman lived in France for a month. ____ 5. The black tea from India is very delightful. ____ 6. Sherry ate her spaghetti dinner quickly. ____ 7. For vacation, they will travel in luxury to India from Pakistan by bus. ____ 8. His parents bought his son a new toy for his bedroom. ____ 9. The ugly duck immediately became a beautiful swan in the morning. ____ 10. They will visit the new Thai restaurant for a delicious meal of Pad Thai. ____ 11. The college student enthusiastically read his younger brother

adventure stories. ____ 12. The athletic girl gracefully danced in her dreams about the Olympics.

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SENTENCE PATTERN PRACTICE Match the sentence type with the sentence. Put the number of the sentence type in the appropriate blank space. 1. S/V 2. S/V/DO 3. S/LV/SC 4. S/V/IO/DO 5. S/V/O/OC

_____ 1. Rachel cooked her family a healthy meal. _____ 2. Critics labeled Bush’s war in Iraq a failure. _____ 3. The man in the living room is reading about politics. _____ 4. The students are happy about the rain. _____ 5. I read a science fiction book about space exploration. _____ 6. They called the news of the plane crash terrible. _____ 7. The waitress from that restaurant brings your food quickly. _____ 8. Alex baked his mother a chocolate cake for Mother’s Day. _____ 9. The young boy became a police officer. _____ 10. They called the volcanic eruption a disaster. _____ 11. The students at PCC study in the library. _____ 12. In the summer, delicious vegetables grow in my garden. _____ 13. The teacher gave her students some homework for Tuesday. _____ 14. I ate lunch at an Indian restaurant on Sunday. _____ 15. Susan feels a little sick.

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FINAL EXAM REVIEW SHEET Be sure you know what these terms mean and how to identify and use them correctly in your writing!

paragraph

margin

indent

title

sentence (simple, compound, complex)

independent clause

dependent clause

coordinating conjunction

subordinating conjunction

subject

verb

linking verb

preposition & prepositional phrase

infinitive

adjective

adverb

direct object

indirect object

time order transitions

space order transitions

listing order transitions

topic sentence (topic and controlling idea)

comma splice

run-on

fragment

sentence patterns (S+V, S+V+O, S+LV+SC, S+V+IO+DO, S+V+O+OC)

comparative

superlative