Building Façade

Building Material

Building Function

Building Structure & Detail Construction

• How SUN influences the façade concept, the building material and the building function?

• How the energy, environmental and economic benefits have been quantified?

• How Sun responsive building affect energy efficiency?

OBJECTIVE

CASE STUDIES

THE SANDCRAWLER

ARCHITECT ANDREW BROMBERG OF AEDASSTRUCTURAL ENGINEER ARUP SINGAPORESERVICES ENGINEER J ROGER PRESTON

PROGRAMME OFFICELOCATION FUSIONOPOLIS SINGAPORECONSTRUCTION STATUS COMPLETED IN 2013PROJECT HEIGHT 74.5MFLOOR AREA 6816.90 SQM

OWNER LUCAS REAL ESTATE SINGAPORE

1SITE

Context

SANDCRAWLERFUSIONOPOLIS,

SINGAPORE.

Source: http://cdn.pursuitist.com

100-seat Theatre, Office Space, Public Podium

2BUILDING

PROGRAMME

Source: http://bttm.co.uk/

http://geekculture.co/

2BUILDING

PROGRAMME

Office Space

• The workspace environment of

digital artists of industrial light &

magic (ILM), which is the arm of

lucas film, create digital effects for

films.

Covered Corridor

• The walkway leading to lucas film

office space, it is well-lid by the

daylight, save on electrical

daylighting.

Lobby

• Skylight at the ground level

entrance lobby.

2BUILDING

PROGRAMMEPhotograph By Paul Warchol

Photography by Marcus Oleniuk

2BUILDING

PROGRAMME

Courtyard

• A lush and natural ventilated public space

The 8-storey building is

elevated on 13m high

pilots.

Source: http://www.archdaily.com/?p=534778

Provide privacy and security to the office space + Create lush public space

Raised aluminum

louvered roof

3STRUCUTRE

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

Cross section

Source: http://www.worldarchitecturenews.com/

The slope reflects the

high – sloping roof

called for by the

master planning shape

rules governing the site

Raised roof is a layer of

aluminum louvers –

minimizes heat gain on

roof, overhang provide

shade for terraces and

courtyard.

3STRUCUTRE

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

Longitudinal Section

Source: Drawing by AEDAS, http://www.worldarchitecturenews.com/

3STRUCUTRE

DETAILS CONSTRUCTION

Façade Details, Wall Type 5 – Stepping Façade

3STRUCUTRE

DETAILS CONSTRUCTION

The façade of the SandcrawlerPhotograph by Paul Warchol

4STRATEGY

BUILDING FACADE

Unique Statement; Strong Presence• Glossy, Streamlined horseshoe-shape façade

• Metallic exterior = Low-iron glass with a second

metallic frit-dot inner layer.

• Achieve the desired day-lighting.

• Provide shade from the tropical island’s heat.

Unique Statement; Strong Presence• A lush tropical garden enclosure.

• Achieve the desired day-lighting.

• Provide shade from the tropical island’s heat.

4STRATEGY

BUILDING FACADE

Picture show the people overlooking the central courtyard.

(Photograph by Goh Chin Lian)

4STRATEGY

BUILDING FACADE

The Bird-eye view of the Sandcrawler

(Photograph by Aedas)

Source: http://blog.dk.sg

4STRATEGY

BUILDING MATERIALS

Solarban® 72 Starphire® Glass

• Triple-silver coated

• Solar control

• Low emissivity

View towards the central courtyard via the

metallic façade

(Photograph by Paul Warchol)

VLT higher = MORE daylight

is admitted through the glass.

Source: PPG Industries Inc. 2008

Ideal Glass

Visible Light Transmittance

Solar Heat Gain Coefficient

Light to Solar Gain

LSG = VLT / SHGC

MORE natural light

Solar heat gain limited

LESS daytime electrical lighting

4STRATEGY

BUILDING MATERIALS

4STRATEGY

BUILDING MATERIALSSource: PPG Industries Inc. 2008

http://www.ppgresidentialglass.com

Source: http://www.iossisidingandwindows.com/SolarBan70.html

Demonstrates some of other solar control low-

E glass: reduces amount of infrared energy

(HEAT) that enter building + high level of

visible light transmittance (SUNLIGHT).

4STRATEGY

BUILDING MATERIALS

Benefits:

Can be sourced regionally through PPG

Certified Fabricator Network.

Cradle-to-cradle Silver certification- Silver

level (material ingredient optimization)

Manufacturer has published a stated

commitment to sustainable practices.

THE SANDCRAWLER

5REFERENCE

• http://www.iossisidingandwindows.com/SolarBan70.html

• PPG Industries Inc. 2008, from http://www.ppgresidentialglass.com

• http://blog.dk.sg

• Drawing by AEDAS, http://www.worldarchitecturenews.com

• http://www.worldarchitecturenews.com/

• http://www.archdaily.com/?p=534778

• http://www.iossisidingandwindows.com/SolarBan70.html

CH2ARCHITECT DESIGNINCSTRUCTURAL ENGINEER BONACCI GROUPSERVICES ENGINEER LINCOLNE SCOOTPROGRAMME CITY HALLLOCATION 240 LITTLE COLLINS ST. MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA

CONSTRUCTION STATUS COMPLETED IN 2004CONSTRUCTION TYPE 2B – PRECAST CONCRETEFLOOR COUNT 10FLOOR AREA 134,940 SQ FTOWNER CITY OF MELBOURBE COUNCILAWARD 6 GREEN STAR RATING

1SITE

Context

COUNCIL HALL 2 STR 218-242 LITTLE COLLINS ST.

MELBOURNE AUSTRALIA

2BUILDING

PROGRAMME

ROOFTOP 11F

OFFICES 2F-10F

LOBBY/RETAILS GF

PARKING B1-B4

3STRUCUTRE

FLOOR STRUCUTRE

3STRUCUTRE

SHEAR WALL

SHEAR WALL

CH2 by using typical construction method with shear wall,

columns and beam as the main structural system.

3STRUCUTRE

CEILLING CONSTRUCTION

3STRUCUTRE

CEILLING & FLOORING

4STRATEGY

CLIMATE CONTROL

PASSIVE CLIMATE CONTROL

The building installed an automatic night-purge windows to cool the

concrete ceilings and chilled copper tubes looped through a metal

structure.

SouthNorth

4STRATEGY

HEATING, COOLING AND

VENTILATION

Cold AirHot Air

basement

Office

Retails

4STRATEGY

HEATING, COOLING AND

VENTILATION

SouthNorth

basement

Office

Retails

4STRATEGY

CLIMATE CONTROL

Chilled ceiling prototype

Chilled Beam

The chilled beam consists of chilled copper tubes looped through a metal

structure. The tube tie into chilled water supply and return lines running in

the cavities behind the precast concrete panel.

4STRATEGY

HEATING, COOLING AND

VENTILATION

SHOWER TOWER

‘Shower towers’ on the south side of the building act

like passive cooling towers – air and water gently falls

to provide extra cool water for building reticulation

and cool air to supplement ground floor and retail

cooling

4STRATEGY

HEATING, COOLING AND

VENTILATION

4STRATEGY

BUILDING SKIN

BIOMIMICRY

The concept come from skin system of human, creating a micro-

environment for CH2.

Office

Balcony Garden

Services Services

Office

4STRATEGY

ENVELOPE

4STRATEGY

FAÇADE MATERIALS

BARK FAÇADE

The eastern core and façade used the analogy of bark. It was conceived as a

protective layer that filtered light and air into the naturally ventilated wet

area spaces behind. The final solution consists of two overlapping layers

of perforated metal with polycarbonate walling and fixed metal louvres.

4STRATEGY

FAÇADE MATERIALS

TIMBER LOUVERS

A louvers system covering the western façade with timbre

louvers able to move and photovoltaic cell to ‘track’ the sun

and glare, responding in the internal light conditions and air

quality. Timber louvers are made by recycled timber.

4STRATEGY

WINDOWS

TAPERING WINDOWS

This to reduce the heat at upper levels.

CH2

5REFERENCE

• C40: Council House 2 (CH2) New Municipal Office Building: Eco-Buildings CO2 87%,

Electricity... (2011, November 3). Retrieved March 13, 2015

• Battle, G. (2003), The Air We Breathe, in Big and Green, Princeton Architectural Press, New

York, USA.

• Benyus, J. (1997), Biomimicry –innovation inspired by nature, HarperCollins, New York,

USA.

• Davies, P. (1992), The Mind of God – Science and the search for ultimate meaning, Penguin

Group, Victoria.

• Edwards, B. (ed.) (2003), Green Buildings Pay, Spon Press, London, UK.

• Gissen, D. (ed.) (2003), Big and Green, Princeton Architectural Press, New York, USA.

• Groak, S (1992) The Idea of Building, E and FN Spon, London, UK.

• Lawson, B. (1997), How Designers think – the design process demystified, Architectural Press,

Melbourne.

• McDononough, W. and Braungart, M. (2002), Cradle to Cradle, North Point Press, New York,

USA.

• CASE STUDY: Council House 2. (2011, November 1). Retrieved March 11, 2015

SOLARISARCHITECT TR HAMZAH & YEANGSTRUCTURAL ENGINEER ARUPSERVICES ENGINEER CPG CORPORATIONPROGRAMME OFFICELOCATION SINGAPORECONSTRUCTION STATUS COMPLETED IN 2011FLOOR COUNT 15FLOOR AREA 32000 SQ M (344500 SQFT)OWNER JTC CORPORATIONAWARD GREEN MARK PLATINIUM

1SITE

Context

SOLARISSOLARIS FUSIONOPOLIS 2B,

ONE NORTH,SINGAPORE

Image source:(http://www.slideshare.net/estherlau798/report-singapore-bsc

FUSIONOPOLIS

An integral part of the larger one-north master plan that is developed by

JTC. Together with the adjacent Biopolis and Mediapolis land parcels,

the three entities within one-north aim to become incubators for biomedical

research, new media production and high-tech software engineering

development in Singapore and in South East Asia.

Wind rose of Singapore (year)

http://www.windfinder.com/windstatistics/singapore_changi

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Year

Wind direction SSW SSW SSW SW NNE NNE NNE N NNE NNE SSW SSW SSW

Average Wind

speed (m/s)4 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3

Average Air

temperature(°C)28 29 29 30 30 30 29 29 29 29 28 28 29

2CLIMATE

WIND ANALYSIS

3STRATEGY

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

FEATURES

Image source: http://blog.japhethlim.com/index.php/2011/06/14/green-architecture-is-underrated-a-case-study-on-solaris-

by-tr-hamzah-and-ken-yeang/

3STRATEGY

ECOLOGICAL DESIGN

FEATURES

Extensive sun-shading louvers

• Limate-responsive façade design responds directly

to local sun-path.

• Singapore is at the equator and the sun-path is

almost exactly east-west.

• Facade studies analyzing the solar-path determined

the shape and depth of the sunshade louvers, which

also double as light-shelves.

• This solar shading strategy further reduces heat

transfer across the building’s low-e double-glazed

perimeter facade, contributing to an extremely low

external thermal transfer value (ettv) of 39 w/m2.

• Assist in establishing comfortable micro-climates in

habitable spaces along the building’s exterior

3STRATEGY

LOUVERS

Atrium Skylight

• The skylight louvers system at the top of the atrium

for stack effect.

• It is a fail-safe system – upon the detection of fire

within or near its proximity (via the building’s

intelligent management system), the skylight

louvers will automatically open up to disperse potential

smoke or heat build-up due to the fire.

• Still will function even without the building’s main

power supply, in case the latter is damaged by fire.

This strategy eliminates the requirement of costly and

power hungry engineering smoke control

systems, which is commonly used in conventional

atrium design.

• Designed to close during adverse weather to shield the

occupants from rain via an array of rain detection

sensors.

3STRATEGY

SKYLIGHT

Eco-cell

• Located at the building’s north-east corner where

the spiral ramp meets the ground

• To allows vegetation, daylight and natural

ventilation to extend into the car-park levels

below.

• Lowest level of the eco-cell contains the storage

tank and pump room of the rainwater recycling

system

3STRATEGY

ECO-CELLS

Solar Shaft

• To allows daylight to penetrate deep into the

building’s interior.

• Internal lighting operates on a system of sensors

which reduces energy use by automatically

turning off lights when adequate day lighting is

available.

• Landscaped terraces within the solar shaft bring

added quality to adjacent spaces and enhance

views up into the building from the street below.

• Creation of refreshingly new high-rise office

interiors enhanced by ambient mood lighting

that constantly changes with the play of sunlight

and shadow.

3STRATEGY

SKYLIGHT

Image source:(http://www.slideshare.net/estherlau798/report-singapore-bsc

1. Stack effect (top left)

2. Passive Features: Grand Atrium & Solar Shaft

( bottom left)

3. Activated louvers above atrium to protect interior

spaces from rain ( top right)

3STRATEGY

HEAT, COOLING AND

VENTILATION

1

2

3

Planter box design

• To keep the building facade elegant, the planter

boxes on the spiral ramp are designed to be as

shallow as possible, to reduce the “bulkiness”

they would otherwise create when viewed from

the exterior.

• The lack of deep soil means that the plant

species had to be carefully selected to ensure

that their roots are able to spread horizontally,

instead of digging deep downwards for stability.

Roof top Garden + Sky Terraces

• Acts as a thermal buffer and creates areas for

event spaces, relaxation and spontaneous

social activities.

• These extensive gardens allow for interaction

between the building’s occupants and nature,

offering opportunities to experience the external

environment and enjoy views of the treetops of

adjacent one-north Park.

3STRATEGY

GREEN FEATURES

3STRATEGY

PLANT SELECTION

Plant Selection

• It allows for fluid movements of

organisms and plant species between

all vegetated areas within the

building

•To enhance biodiversity and

contributing to the overall health of

these ecosystem

•To mimic natural tropical landscape

environment

•Lighting condition on each

building’s façade was consideration

factor, ensuring the chosen species

could strive in specific location

3STRATEGYMAINTENANCE METHOD

Image source:(http://www.slideshare.net/estherlau798/report-singapore-bsc

23rd September - 9.00 am

23rd September - 12.00pm

23rd September – 3.00pm

The east direction of the sun showered on the lower

tower of Solaris. Atrium and upper floors of higher

tower illuminated.

Sunlight illuminates most of the floors of the

higher tower as well as the atrium.

Atrium and upper floors of lower tower

illuminated.

Therefore, the design of the atrium is relevant.

ECOTECH Simulation

4SIMULATION

ECOTECH SIMULATION

• Lau E.(2014) Report on Solaris – Singapore. Retrieved Mar 9, 2015, from

http://www.slideshare.net/estherlau798/report-singapore-bsc

• Jin F.E. (2012) In Detail: Solaris @One-North. Retrieved Mar 9, 2015, from

http://blog.cpgcorp.com.sg/?p=2118

• Building and Construction Authority (n.d). BCA Green Mark Platinum Building(Singapore). .

Retrieved Mar 10, 2014, from

http://www.bca.gov.sg/newsroom/others/pr11092013_IGBCA.pdf

• TR Hamzah & YeangSdn. Bhd..(n.d.).TR Hamzah&YeangSdn. Bhd.. Retrieved Mar 10, 2015,

from http://www.trhamzahyeang.com/project/large-buildings/solaris_01.html

• Windfinder.com - Wind and weather statistic Singapore Changi. (n.d.). Retrieved May 11,

2014, from http://www.windfinder.com/windstatistics/singapore_changi

5REFERENCE

SOLARIS