1500-1660. the renaissance was an age of individual personalities, liberated from the political...
TRANSCRIPT
The Renaissance1500-1660
THE RENAISSANCE WAS AN AGE OF INDIVIDUAL PERSONALITIES, LIBERATED FROM THE POLITICAL CONSTRAINTS OF HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR AND POPE, FREE TO UNDERSTAND AND EXPRESS THEMSELVES FOR GOOD OR EVIL.
MOTTO: “MAN IS THE MEASURE OF ALL THINGS.”
Renaissance - rebirth (L. root “nas / nat” – birth; prefix “re” – again)
Renaissance Mindset
Revival of scholarship based on works of Aristotle and Plato
Queen Elizabeth established some free schools
Belief that 400 A. D. – 1500 A.D. had been a “dark night” of ignorance
Human Horizons Widened
VIEW OF WORLD WITH HUMAN KIND AT CENTER ;CONCERNED WITH HUMAN INTERESTS / VALUES
GOALS: PERFECTION OF INDIVIDUAL HUMAN CHARACTER AND REFORM OF PUBLIC EVILS IN CHURCH AND STATE
Humanism
SCIENCE *COPERNICUS (POLAND) -
heliocentric *GALILEO (ITALY) GEOGRAPHY SIR FRANCIS DRAKE (ENGLAND) HERNANDO CORTES (SPAIN) BALBOA (SPAIN) FOUNDING OF NORTH AMERICAN
COLONIES
Advances in Science & Geography
RELIGIOUS REFORM *MARTIN LUTHER’S NINETY-FIVE THESES
*HENRY VIII’S BREAK WITH CHURCH
*THE BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER WIDELY AVAILABLE IN ENGLISH
*THE KING JAMES BIBLE WRITTEN IN ENGLISH (IAMBIC PENTAMETER)
Protestant Reformation
CULTURE *END OF FEUDALISM *EMERGENCE OF URBAN CULTURE AND CAPITALIST ECONOMY *EMERGENCE OF PROSPEROUS MIDDLE
CLASS * GROWTH OF LAY, NOT CLERICAL,
CULTURE
CULTURAL CHANGES
PRIZED MORAL / INTELLECTUAL NOBILITY
OVER BIRTHRIGHT SOCIAL CLASSES LESS RIGID; A MAN OF NATURAL TALENT COULD RISE TO THE TOP OF SOCIAL LADDER
SOCIAL CHANGES
LIFE NO LONGER SEEN AS A “JOURNEY THROUGH A VALE OF TEARS,” BUTAS A BEAUTIFUL, EXCITING END-IN-ITSELF
RENAISSANCE ART REFLECTS THIS NEW OPTIMISM ABOUT HUMAN LIFE
Changes in Attitude
TUDORS AND STUARTS RULED ELIZABETH, A TUDOR, RULED 45
YEARS. SINCE SHE NEVER MARRIED, ELIZABETH WAS SOMETIMES CALLED “THE VIRGIN QUEEN.” SHE CAME TO THE THRONE AT AGE 18.
THE RENAISSANCE IN ENGLAND IS KNOWN AS THE ELIZABETHAN AGE.
ELIZABETHAN AGE
LITERATURE SHOULD BE STUDIED FOR ITS OWN SAKE AS WELL AS IN INTEREST OF
HUMAN VIRTUE *THE SONNET - a fourteen line
poem with a fixed pattern of rhyme and meter (Shakespearean, Petrarchan, and Spenserian)
* THE ESSAY, LOVE POETRY, DRAMA *ONE FORM: BLANK VERSE
(UNRHYMED IAMBIC PENTAMETER)
RENAISSANCE LITERATURE
CAVALIER POETS--LOYAL TO CHARLES I; wrote about love and patriotism
*METAPHYSICAL POETS (JOHN DONNE)
POETRY CHARACTERIZED BY HIGH INTELLECTUALISM, EVEN IN LOVE POETRY; AND CONCEITS
*REDISCOVERY OF ARISTOTLE’S POETICS
INFLUENCED DRAMA.
Poetry and Drama
COURTIERPATRIOT, SOLDIER, SCHOLAR,POET
EDUCATED IN CLASSICAL / MODERN LANG. SIGNS OF “MORAL AND INTELLECTUAL
NOBILITY:” RHETORICAL ELOQUENCE, REFINED DICTION, URBANE WIT, RECTITUDE OF CONDUCT
STILL DEVOUTLY RELIGIOUS BUT ENGAGED IN WORLDLY PURSUITS
IN LOVE WITH LIFE -- CARPE DIEM MOTIF
The Renaissance Man
HUMANS FIND EMOTIONAL ATTACHMENTS NECESSARY.
A HIGHER BEING OFTEN AIDS MAN IN HIS RIGHTEOUS BATTLES.
NOTHING IS AS PAINFUL TO THE HUMAN HEART AS INSENSITIVITY OR BETRAYAL ON THE PART OF A LOVED AND TRUSTED PERSON.
LIFE IS FULL OF OBLIGATIONS AND TRIALS.
HONOR CAN HELP ONE TO DO GOOD.
Themes for Hamlet
PAIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH UNREQUITED LOVE.
LIFE AND BEAUTY ARE TRANSITORY. TIME INEXORABLY ERODES ALL THINGS
MORTAL AND MATERIAL, BUT ART AND LOVE ARE ETERNAL.
IN PERIODS OF DESPAIR AND SORROW, THE THOUGHTS OF THOSE ONE LOVES ARE A SOURCE OF STRENGTH AND SUSTENANCE.
HONOR CAN HELP ONE TO DO GOOD
THEMES FOR POETRY
RECOGNITION OF A LOVED ONE’S MORTALITY STRENGTHENS LOVE FOR THAT PERSON.
LOVE CAN BE STRONG, STEADFAST, AND CONSTANT.
MANKIND NEEDS A HUMAN LISTENER. DEATH IS OFTEN SEEN AS GIVING REST.
LIFE IS FULL OF OBLIGATIONS AND TRIALS.
THEMES FOR POETRY