1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 frozen food bubble gum polaroid...
TRANSCRIPT
americas
europe
middle east
africa
central asia
central asia
asia
east mediterraneanegypt
nor-west africa
so-east africa
arabiairaqiran
russia
-stan
india
china
korea
japan
southern asia
mongolia
turkey
greeceitaly
nor-east europe
spain
france
americas
europe
middle east
africa
central asia
central asia
asia
east mediterraneanegypt
south / west africa
north / east africa
arabiairaqiran
russia
-stan
india
china
korea
japan
southern asia
mongolia
turkey
northern europeitalyeastern europe
spain
north america
south america
franceengland
americas
europe
middle east
africa
central asia
central asia
asia
east mediterraneanegypt
west africa
east africa
arabiairaqiran
russia
-stan
india
china
korea
japan
southern asia
mongolia
turkey
greeceitaly
nor-east europe
spain
france
americas
europe
middle east
africa
central asia
central asia
asia
east mediterraneanegypt
south / west africa
north / east africa
arabiairaqiran
russia
-stan
india
china
korea
japan
southern asia
mongolia
turkey
england
italyeastern europe
northern europe
spain
north america
south america
france
6000500040003000200010001000 0 5005001500 1001002003004006007008009001100120013001400 200 300 400 600 700 800 900
20001500 1600 1700 1800 1900
exchange alliance imperial advance
obsidianincenselumberslaves
gemstones, gold, ivory,minerals, spices, wheat,
animals, plantsfeathers, gold, skins, woodivory, slaves, and spices
islam grain
goldsilkworm smugglingsugar raid cloth
spicesbuddhismebony, silk, spices, textilesspices and steel spicescamphor, musk, sandalwood
gemstonesrubies gemstones and mineralslanguagehorses settlementhorses
crossbowtrade envoyexchange alliance trade expedition wine
goats and sheeppack animalsart and potteryconstruction ideaspottery
cedarglass frankincense and myrrhbrass, copper, iron
imperial advance
jadeartistic style, gold, silkconfucianismtrade envoydiplomacy and settlementsilktrade expeditiontrade expedition silk
military tactics and weaponrymailgold
christianity
pottery
silk
east india company danish east india company swedish east india companycolonial advance
french east india companycolonial advancedutch east india companycolonial advance
portuguese east india companycolonial advance
forced migration
european diaspora
immigration
immigration
siam
ese-
amer
ican
tre
aty
gene
ral a
gree
men
t on
tar
iffs
and
tra
de
euro
pean
fre
e tr
ade
asso
ciat
ion
opec
nucl
ear
non-
prol
ifer
atio
n tr
eaty
nort
h am
eric
an f
ree
trad
e ag
reem
ent
euro
pean
uni
on
wor
ld t
rade
org
aniz
atio
n
cobd
en-c
heva
lier
trea
ty
bret
ton
woo
ds s
yste
m
trade hinge
trade hinge
trade hinge
trade hinge
trade hinge
trade hinge
trade hingetrade hinge
third second first egyptian empire[s]
xia dynastyshang
assyrian empirebabylonian empire
qin dynasty
macedonian empire
seleucid empire
ptolemaic kingdom
roman republic
punic wars
han dynasty
roman empire
zhou dynasty
achaemenid empire
greco-persian wars
great wall great wall great wall
wall of hadrianwall of hadrian
sassanid empire
tang dynasty
holy roman empire
byzantine empire
song dynastyming dynasty
islamic caliphates
mongol empire
timurid dynasty
yuan dynasty
tughlaq dynasty
ottoman empire
bubonic plague
ming dynasty qing dynasty
romanov dynasty
intercontinental slave trade
mughal empire
japanese invasionstokugawa shogunate
gold standard
black deathspanish empire french empire
dutch empirebritish empire
daylight savings time
chakri dynasty
the great game
opium warsmeiji restoration sino-japanese wars
intercontinental slave trade
cholera pandemic 1
cholera pandemic 2
cholera pandemic 3
cholera pandemic 4cholera pandemic 5
cholera pandemic 6
cholera pandemic 7
asiatic flu
WW1
spanish flu
Grea
t Dep
ress
ion
WW2
cold war bird flufirst indochine war
vietnam war
kore
an w
ar
gulf war
9/11
iraq / afghanistan war
great recessions.a.r.s.
kosovo war
world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energy crisis - world energyasian economic crisis
ebola 1 ebola 2
a.i.d.s. crisis
asian fluswine flu
ebola 4ebola 3
industrial revolutionfran
klin
sto
ve
light
ning
rod
flatb
oat
subm
arin
e
card
tee
th m
achi
ne
bifo
cals
inte
rnal
com
bust
ion
engi
ne
tele
grap
h
reap
erha
nsom
cab
refr
iger
ator
com
bine
har
vest
erel
ectr
ic m
otor
revo
lver
elec
tric
prin
ting
pres
s
stee
l plo
wru
bber
vul
cani
zatio
n
anae
sthe
sia
ice
crea
m
safe
ty p
in
tele
phon
e
pass
enge
r el
evat
or
oil d
rill
mas
on ja
r
repe
atin
g rif
le
ironc
lad
batt
lesh
ipm
achi
ne g
un
rolle
r co
aste
rba
rbed
wire
air
brak
e
vacu
um c
lean
er
chew
ing
gum
proj
ecto
rca
ble
car
jean
slo
udsp
eake
rst
aple
r
indu
ctio
n m
otor
phon
ogra
ph
mic
roph
one
cash
reg
iste
r
phot
opho
ne
roll
film
met
al d
etec
tor
elec
tric
fan
elec
tric
tro
lley
dish
was
her
elec
tric
pow
er s
yste
m
hand
cam
era
esca
lato
r
zipp
er
colo
r ph
otog
raph
y
radi
o
cott
on g
inm
ass
prod
uctio
n
bank
rupt
cy la
w
labo
r st
rike
urba
n gr
id
wom
en’s
rig
hts
com
mer
cial
adv
ertis
ing
seam
less
sph
ere
high
-ris
e co
nstr
uctio
n
sham
poo
met
al r
ocke
t ar
tille
ry
toba
cco
mob
ile s
truc
ture
pref
abric
ated
hou
se
ther
mal
cra
ckin
g pr
oces
s
baro
met
er
pian
o
type
writ
er
ice
crea
m
porc
elai
n
elec
tric
bat
tery
scis
sors
com
poun
d m
icro
scop
e
mul
tinat
iona
l cor
pora
tion
pend
ulum
clo
ck
stea
m c
ar
litho
grap
hy
bicy
cle
light
er
sten
otyp
e
divi
ng s
uit
cam
era
zoom
lens
pulp
woo
d
rege
nera
tive
furn
ace
ddt
auto
mob
ile
cont
act
lens
deci
mal
s
paw
nsho
p
inte
rnat
iona
l law
com
mun
ism
olym
picsflint
lock
mod
ern
mat
hem
atic
s
vern
ier
scal
e
addi
ng m
achi
ne
pres
sure
coo
ker
stea
m r
oad
vehi
cle
stea
mbo
at
hot
air
ballo
on
artif
icia
l tee
th
appe
rtiz
atio
n
jacq
uard
loom
stet
hosc
ope
phot
ogra
phy
brai
lle
airs
hip
gyro
scop
e
past
euriz
atio
n
lead
aci
d ba
tter
y
mar
garin
e
safe
ty r
azor
dies
el e
ngin
e
alge
bra
salo
n
lem
onad
e
bloo
d tr
ansf
usio
n
cham
pagn
e
may
onna
ise
mul
ti-ba
rrel
gun
auto
cann
on
ironc
lad
war
ship
stoc
king
fra
me
scie
ntifi
c m
etho
dsl
ide
rule
seed
dril
l
stea
m p
isto
n en
gine
tuni
ng f
ork
octa
ntfly
ing
shut
tle
spin
ning
jenn
y
carb
onat
ed w
ater
circ
ular
saw
pow
er lo
omsh
rapn
el s
hell
thre
shin
g m
achi
ne
auto
mat
ic f
lour
mill
vacc
inat
ion
kale
idos
cope
gas
stov
e
loco
mot
ive
band
saw
arc
lam
p
head
lam
p
elec
tric
mot
orel
ectr
omag
net
port
land
cem
ent
mat
chel
ectr
ic g
ener
ator
ther
mos
tat
inca
ndes
cent
ligh
t bu
lb
sew
ing
mac
hine
stea
m h
amm
er
pile
driv
er
buns
en b
urne
rbe
ssem
er p
roce
ss
cellu
loid
unde
rsea
tel
egra
ph c
able
light
bulb
linol
eum
cath
ode
ray
tube
seis
mog
raph
play
hous
e
insu
ranc
ekn
ittin
g m
achi
ne
calc
ulus
stoc
k ex
chan
ge
bank
of
lond
on
auct
ion
hous
e nu
mbe
ring
flush
ing
toile
t
sand
wic
h
laug
hing
gas
perio
dic
tabl
e
cens
us
evol
utio
n
elec
tric
pow
er g
rid
mod
ern
econ
omic
s
mec
hani
cal s
ubm
arin
e
six
cylin
der
pum
p
seco
nds
cloc
k
stea
m t
urbi
ne
tem
pura
kabu
ki
kikk
oman
mits
ui g
roup
pock
et w
atch
ethe
r
penc
il
tele
scop
e
auto
mat
ic c
alcu
lato
r
vacu
um p
ump
mer
cury
the
rmom
eter
oil l
amp
time
stan
dard
izat
ion
min
erol
ogy
savi
ngs
bank
chem
ical
fert
ilize
r
saxo
phon
e
torp
edo
dyna
mite
blow
torc
h
mot
orcy
cle
gaso
line
engi
ne
ballp
oint
pen
carb
urat
or
milk
ing
mac
hine
cell
pack
ani
mal
dom
esti
cati
on
univ
ersi
tycoff
ee
char
itab
le t
rust
dest
ruct
ive
dist
illat
ion
cata
log
dam
publ
ic li
brar
ysh
erbe
rtso
ft d
rink
syru
pst
reet
lam
p
tria
ngul
atio
n
pane
d w
indo
w
hom
ing
pige
ons
irri
gati
on
city
pavi
ng
wri
ting
com
bbr
onze
cana
l
soap
dagg
ercu
rren
cy
sick
le-s
wor
d
lens
chai
n pu
mp
umbr
ella
swor
dpe
rfum
ech
ario
t
drug
sto
re a
nd p
harm
acy
publ
ic a
nd p
sych
iatr
ic h
ospi
tal
pape
r m
ill
prog
ram
mab
le m
achi
ne
mec
hani
cal i
nstr
umen
toi
l lam
p
swit
chke
rose
ne
wat
er t
urbi
nesu
ndia
l
alco
hol
mun
icip
al s
olid
was
te h
andl
ing
chem
othe
rapy
cart
ogra
phic
gri
d
grap
h pa
per
rest
aura
ntsu
rgic
al t
echn
ique
calib
rati
onca
msh
aft
com
pute
rhu
man
oid
robo
tki
tche
n ap
plia
nce
lam
inat
esu
ctio
n pi
pe a
nd p
ump
clos
ed-l
oop
syst
em
obse
rvat
ory
rese
arch
inst
itut
e
ship
bui
ldin
g
trav
el c
anal
cand
les
aque
duct
cem
ent
and
plyw
ood
sutu
repy
ram
idph
arm
aceu
tica
lspa
pyru
s
wat
er c
lock
glas
s
met
al b
lock
pri
ntin
g
foun
tain
pen
pend
ulum
vent
ilato
r
glas
s m
irro
r
port
able
fir
earm
fire
proo
fing
harb
orar
ch
butt
onpl
umbi
ng
drai
nage
iron
zinc
suga
rpl
asti
c su
rger
y
wat
erm
ill
cash
mer
e
book
bind
ing
step
wel
l
cott
on g
in
ches
s
inoc
ulat
ion
spin
ning
whe
el
hind
uism
surg
ical
tec
hniq
uesc
isso
rsne
edle
s
hors
esho
e
toot
hpas
te
cond
om
doub
le-e
ntry
boo
kkee
ping
prof
essi
onal
coo
k
trad
e ro
utes
alph
abet
torp
edo
juda
ism
chri
stia
nity
pate
nt
anch
or
map
cata
pult
pulle
yod
omet
erle
ver
scre
wen
cycl
oped
iaac
adem
y
flam
ethr
ower
mas
onry
con
stru
ctio
n
med
icin
e
geom
etry
mon
aste
ry
nood
le
woo
dblo
ck p
rint
ing
taoi
sm
pape
r
gun
fire
crac
ker
gunp
owde
r
fan
com
pass
silk
ink
fork
bell
coin
s
chop
stic
ks
cros
sbow
astr
onom
y ch
arts
lock
furn
ace
susp
ensi
on b
ridg
e
kite
plou
gh
whe
elba
rrow
bello
ws
seis
mom
eter
toile
t pa
per
porc
elai
n
bank
note
rais
ed r
elie
f m
ap
mec
hani
cal c
lock
abac
us
sung
lass
esfi
rew
orks
rock
et la
unch
er
men
ula
ndm
ine
sand
pape
r
bris
tle
toot
hbru
sh
tea
chem
istr
y
quad
rant
deod
oran
tbe
auty
par
lor
win
d-po
wer
ed m
ill a
nd r
efin
ery
med
ical
sch
ool
ther
mom
eter
mag
nify
ing
glas
spi
nhol
e ca
mer
a
stee
lyar
d
astr
olab
rope
bri
dge
gree
nlan
d
wor
ld m
ap
cent
ral h
eati
ng
hand
gre
nade
mov
able
typ
e pr
inti
ng p
ress
cano
nro
cket
wat
er p
roof
ing
rain
gau
ge
vege
tari
anis
malph
abet
ical
mov
eabl
e ty
pe p
rint
ing
pres
s
butt
onho
le
lati
tude
and
long
itud
e
insu
ranc
e
jest
ers
brew
ery
capi
talis
m
met
rono
me
arti
fici
al w
eath
er s
imul
atio
nha
ng g
lider
para
chut
e
alm
anac
com
plex
gea
ring
forg
e
glob
e
eyeg
lass
es
amer
ica
colo
nial
ism
oil w
ell
coff
eesh
op
toko
yono
mus
hi
hira
gana
ritu
al s
uici
de
licen
sed
pros
titu
tion
tea
cere
mon
y
shin
to
zepp
elin
esca
lato
rsa
fety
raz
orai
r co
nditi
oner
cray
ons
airp
lane
sona
rpl
astic
mod
el t
mot
ion
pict
ure
zipp
erga
s m
ask
pyre
x
toas
ter
band
-aid
traf
fic s
igna
llo
ud s
peak
er
aero
sol
froz
en f
ood
insu
lin
rock
et
yo-y
osc
otch
tap
ean
alog
com
pute
r neop
rene
fm r
adio
phot
ocop
ier
atom
ic b
omb
mic
row
ave
oven
mob
ile p
hone
mob
ile p
hone
tupp
erw
are cr
edit
card
vide
otap
e re
cord
er bar
code
diet
sof
t dr
ink
oral
con
trac
eptiv
e sola
r ce
llte
trac
ycle
neha
rddi
sk
mod
emla
ser
com
pute
r la
ngua
gein
tegr
ated
circ
uit
pace
mak
erm
icro
chip
sate
llite
nav
igat
ion
syst
embr
east
impl
ant
vide
o ga
me
com
pact
dis
k
inte
rnet
spac
e tr
avel
a.t.
m.
artif
icia
l hea
rt
mic
ropr
oces
sor
wor
d pr
oces
sor
post
-it n
otes
lase
r pr
inte
rin
k-je
t pr
inte
rm
.r.i.
i.b.m
.
w.w
.w.
text
mes
sage
segw
ay
virt
ual r
ealit
y
synt
hetic
ski
n
web
t.v
.
u.s.
b.
ipod
bio-
artif
icia
l liv
er
nano
tech
fab
ric
sono
prep
face
book
yout
ube
twitt
er
ipho
ne
reta
il dn
a te
st
sixt
h se
nse
anti-
ship
bal
listic
mis
sile
cam
era
chip
birt
h co
ntro
l pat
ch
digi
tal c
ell p
hone
gene
tic e
ngin
eerin
gru
-486
disp
osab
le c
amer
a
hybr
id c
arin
frar
ed s
cree
ning
sys
tem
toy
robo
t
appl
e
lipos
uctio
n
wal
kman
ethe
rnet
gene
spl
icin
g
barc
ode
scan
ner
hand
held
cal
cula
tor
anti-
mal
aria
l tre
atm
ent
chem
othe
rapy
synt
hetic
insu
lin
elec
tron
ic c
igar
ette
mag
lev
win
d po
wer
gen
erat
or
noni
nvas
ive
pren
atal
tes
ting
kevl
ar
mou
ser.a
.m.
hydr
ogen
bom
b
juke
box
tran
sist
or
teflo
n
jeep
lsd
velc
ro
nylo
nre
volv
ervo
ice
reco
gniti
on
digi
tal c
ompu
ter
rada
r
pola
roid
radi
o te
lesc
ope
iron
lung
elec
tric
raz
orbubb
le g
um
arc
wel
der
tele
visi
on
robo
t
bra
tank
inst
ant
coffe
e
colo
r ph
otoc
opy
synt
hetic
rub
ber
aqua
lung
helic
opte
r
poly
grap
h
peni
cilli
n
jet
engi
ne
viag
ra
clon
e
loc8
tor
sono
pre
pholo
grap
h
optic
fib
erho
verc
raft
halo
gen
lam
p
elec
tron
mic
rosc
ope
mag
netic
rec
ordi
ng
stai
nles
s st
eel
vacu
um d
iode
theo
ry o
f re
lativ
ity
ballp
oint
pen
sola
r to
wer
tran
sluc
ent
conc
rete
flow
er s
ound
blu-
ray
wii
audi
o ca
sset
te
cont
act
lens
blue
toot
h
soft
war
eco
lor
tele
visi
on
neon
vacu
um c
lean
er
population
urban development manufacturing
gdp
wealth index
migration
conquest
trade
plague
crusade
pax mongolica
route change
borders closed
tourism