15% - blog staff · skenario perubahan abortion rate ... prob. kehamilan tsb berakhir dg aborsi (4...

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12/2/2016 1 R. Sutiawan 1 *Sub Topik Kuliah Demografi Kesehatan, Program Magister IKM 1 Dept Biostatistika dan Kependudukan, FKMUI 1 WHO (2003), Unsafe abortion: Global and Regional Estimates and Associated Mortality in Sout East Asia 2 Utomo B, et.al (2001), Community-Base Survey in 10 major Cities/6 District 2 jt/thn (37/1000 15-49 ) di Indonesia 2 15% kematian maternal disebabkan oleh Abortion 1 Strategi: kontrol unwanted pregnancy Contraceptive use Fakta: contra. prev abortion rate Data utk evaluasi terbatas Data Abortion sulit dikuantifikasi

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12/2/2016

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R. Sutiawan1

*Sub Topik Kuliah Demografi Kesehatan, Program Magister IKM1Dept Biostatistika dan Kependudukan, FKMUI

1WHO (2003), Unsafe abortion: Global and Regional Estimates and Associated Mortality in Sout East Asia2Utomo B, et.al (2001), Community-Base Survey in 10 major Cities/6 District

2 jt/thn (37/1000 15-49) di Indonesia2

15% kematian maternal disebabkan olehAbortion1

Strategi: kontrol unwanted pregnancyContraceptive useFakta: contra. prev abortion rate

Data utk evaluasi terbatasData Abortion sulit dikuantifikasi

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Skenario perubahan abortion rate

Model kaitan abortion rate dengan“direct” determinannya

• Fertility preferences– # anak diinginkan

(# anak diinginkan >> unintended preg rate <<)Pd masy masa transisi fertilitas:# anak diinginkan selama thn diperlukan utk mengandung# thn dimana berisiko alami unintd.preg akan Pd masy paska transisi:# unintd.preg >>, kecuali dg praktek kontrasepsi efektif

– Jarak antar kelahiranyg lebih suka memperpanjangberisiko>> unintd.preg

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• Prevalence (effectiveness) of contraception- unintd.preg mcegahnya dg kontrasepsi sempurna- efektifitas metode < 100%- prev.kontr bervariasi (<10% - 75%)

• Abortion probability of unintended pregnancies- Aborsi nyata dipengaruhi: rate unintd.preg dan berapaprob. kehamilan tsb berakhir dg aborsi (41-91%)3

- Aborsi >> di masy. dg norma keluarga kecil;%kontr<<

3Alan Guttmacher Institute(1999), Sharing Responsibility: Women, Society and Abortion Worldwide

Alan Guttmacher Institute 1999; Ross et al. 1999; Tietze 1979; United Nations 1999.

KOREA

INDONESIA Rate aborsi 2.2

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Bongaarts, J .2000

YR = reproductive years; e = contraceptive effectiveness; u = contraceptive prev;TFR = total fertility rate; IB = birth interval; TAR = total abortion rate; IA = interval of abortion

Yr.u=15Yr(1-u)=5

TFR=Yr/Ib=8

TFR=Yr(1-u)/Ib=2u=0,751

Yr=20

Yri=TFR.Ib=5Yra=TAR.Ia=15TAR=Yr-Yri/Ia=12Ia=1,251

Yr.e.u TFR.Ib TAR.Ia

Yr=(Yr.e.u)+(TFR.Ib)+(TAR.Ia)

1u=0,625; e=1

TFR=2 TAR=2

YR = reproductive years; e = contraceptive effectiveness; u = contraceptive prev;TFR = total fertility rate; IB = birth interval; TAR = total abortion rate; IA = interval of abortion

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• paborsi=TAR/(TAR+UITFR)• TFR=UITFR+ITFR• YR = YR*e*u+TFR*IB+TAR*IA ….1• TAR = YR(1–e*u)/IA–TFR*IB/IA……1.1

• TAR = p*(YR*(1–e*u)–ITFR*IB)/(p*IA+(1–p)*IB)• (unintended: mistimed, unplanned or unwanted at the time of fertility)

YR = reproductive years; e = contraceptive effectiveness; u = contraceptive prev;TFR = total fertility rate; IB = birth interval; TAR = total abortion rate; IA = interval of abortion

Abortion Determinants 1991 1994 1997 2002 2007Total Fertility Rate (TFR) 2,8 2,7 2,61 2,55 2,602Total Abortion Rate (TAR) 4,6 3,8 2,54 2,38 1,75Wanted Total Fertility Rate(WTFR) 2,7 2,51 2,46 2,4 2,46

Intended Total Fertility Rate(ITFR) 2,3 2,22 2,15 2,19 2,13

Abortion Probability (p) 0,9 0,9 0,85 0,83 0,8Reproductive Years (YR) 22,7 22,6 22,5 22,3 22,1Average Birth Interval (IB) 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,7 2,9Contraceptive Prevalence (u) 0,49 0,52 0,55 0,59 0,59Perfective Contraceptive Prev(up) 0,77 0,71 0,71 0,7 0,68

Contraceptive Effectiveness (e) 0,96 0,97 0,98 0,94 0,96Abortion Interval (IA) is assumed: 14 months (Bongaarts)

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Ada 6 faktor mpengaruhi variasi angka aborsi

Variasi penurunan aborsi melalui:

Pengendalian langsung melalui:Program KB; akses dan efektifitas penggunaan alokon (>68%)Meningkatkan rata2 usia kawin pertama (1+thn)memperpanjang jarak antar kelahiran ( 3thn)

Model alternatif kuantifikasi perencanaan

YR = reproductive years; e = contraceptive effectiveness; u = contraceptive prev;TFR = total fertility rate; IB = birth interval; TAR = total abortion rate; IA = interval of abortion

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• TFR=5ASFRi; ASFR=Bi/Pfi*k

• Rata2 total jml anak yg dimiliki oleh 1 orgwanita selama masa reproduksi

• Utk wanita pernah kawin, usia 15-49 th• Umur responden; p105-106• Jml kelahiran pd umur tertentu sebelum

survei; p212-221; kalender

YR = reproductive years; e = contraceptive effectiveness; u = contraceptive prev;TFR = total fertility rate; IB = birth interval; TAR = total abortion rate; IA = interval of abortion

• WTFR• Rata2 total jml anak yg diinginkan oleh 1

wanita selama masa reproduksi• Jml anak yg diinginkan selama hidup• Waktu lahir sesuai rencana+tdk sesuai

rencana• Jml anak yg diinginkan selama hidup; p614

YR = reproductive years; e = contraceptive effectiveness; u = contraceptive prev;TFR = total fertility rate; IB = birth interval; TAR = total abortion rate; IA = interval of abortion

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• ITFR=5IASFRi

• Rata2 total jml anak yg diinginkan oleh 1wanita dan wkt kelahiran sesuai dgn rencanaselama masa reproduksi

• Utk wanita umur tertentu yg sedang hamilsaat survei

• Menginginkan kehamilan tsb; p228

YR = reproductive years; e = contraceptive effectiveness; u = contraceptive prev;TFR = total fertility rate; IB = birth interval; TAR = total abortion rate; IA = interval of abortion

• TAR=5ASARi

• Rata2 total jml aborsi tiap 1 wanita selamamasa reproduksi

• Pernah hamil yg berakhir dgn keguguran,digugurkan atau lahir mati sebelum periodesurvei; p229-234; kalender

YR = reproductive years; e = contraceptive effectiveness; u = contraceptive prev;TFR = total fertility rate; IB = birth interval; TAR = total abortion rate; IA = interval of abortion

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• paborsi=TAR/(TAR+UITFR)• Probabilitas/peluang kehamilan yg berakhir

dengan aborsi• UITFR=TFR-ITFR

YR = reproductive years; e = contraceptive effectiveness; u = contraceptive prev;TFR = total fertility rate; IB = birth interval; TAR = total abortion rate; IA = interval of abortion

• Yr• Rata2 lama wkt (tahun) dimiliki 1 wanita (15-49) yg

berisiko utk hamil• [35 – (masa hamil, postpartum, menyusui)]*proporsi

kontrasepsi• Masa hamil = jml anak lahir pd periode survei*9 bln• Masa post = jml anak lahir pd periode survei*40 hr• Masa menyusui = jml anak lahir pd periode survei*6 bln• Prop kontr = jml bln pakai / 72 bln

YR = reproductive years; e = contraceptive effectiveness; u = contraceptive prev;TFR = total fertility rate; IB = birth interval; TAR = total abortion rate; IA = interval of abortion

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• Ib Interval kelahiran• Rata2 rentang wkt yg diperlukan utk 1

kelahiran (ke kelahiran berikutnya)• Selisih tahun lahir anak pertama dgn yg

terakhir;p215 / jml anak pernah lahir hidup;p208

YR = reproductive years; e = contraceptive effectiveness; u = contraceptive prev;TFR = total fertility rate; IB = birth interval; TAR = total abortion rate; IA = interval of abortion

• u prevalensi kontrasepsi• Utk wanita kawin 15-49 th• Responden tdk steril; p302(01-02)• Responden (pasangan) pengguna

kontrasepsi pd periode tertentu sebelumsurvei; p302-304

YR = reproductive years; e = contraceptive effectiveness; u = contraceptive prev;TFR = total fertility rate; IB = birth interval; TAR = total abortion rate; IA = interval of abortion

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• e : efektifitas penggunaan kontrasepsi• e = 1 - failure rate• f: The percentage of women using a particular contraceptive method who experience an

unintended pregnancy in the first year of use

• Utk wanita kawin 15-49 th• Responden tdk steril; p302(01-02)• Responden (pasangan) pengguna kontrasepsi pd

periode tertentu sebelum survei; p304• Kalender KB; p318 kolom 1-3

YR = reproductive years; e = contraceptive effectiveness; u = contraceptive prev;TFR = total fertility rate; IB = birth interval; TAR = total abortion rate; IA = interval of abortion

• up prevalensi kontrasepsi sempurna• up = 1-fr*[(1 - (WTFR*Ib)/Yr)]

YR = reproductive years; e = contraceptive effectiveness; u = contraceptive prev;TFR = total fertility rate; IB = birth interval; TAR = total abortion rate; IA = interval of abortion