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It's Going to Take More Than Background Checks and AR-15 Bans to Stop Mass Shootings

By JOHN DONOHUE November 16, 2018

IDEAS Donohue is the C. Wendell and Edith M. Carlsmith Professor of Law at StanfordUniversity.

After a shooting at a bar killed 12 people in Thousand Oaks, Calif., on Nov. 7,

the terror of mass shootings was, for some, worsened by a sense of

hopelessness. If a state with some of the nation’s strictest gun laws can’t

prevent such a tragedy, where can we feel safe? But the story is more complex.

And much can still be done.

A memorial for the victims of the Thousand Oaks shooting Apu Gomes—AFP/Getty Images

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There are two fundamental approaches to addressing mass shootings, neither

of which work perfectly, but both of which could be improved, especially if the

public better understands what to demand of its governments.

The first is prevention.

In this realm, Americans most often hear about the need for universal

background checks and red-flag laws. Although the vast majority of mass

shooters have left a record that would clearly reflect unsuitability for gun

possession, this information is often in the hands of relatives and neighbors

and even police and prosecutors who have not pursued gun-barring

convictions, but not in the relevant databases. Two steps are needed. Increased

efforts to ensure that those who act violently and abuse firearms are quickly

prosecuted and stripped of their weapons, and those with information relevant

to triggering red-flag laws should act with urgency to effectuate those

protections. Without these efforts, most mass shooters (including those from

the Thousand Oaks bar and the Pittsburgh synagogue) will just appear to be

“law-abiding citizens” free to buy and possess their guns legally — until they

kill.

Background checks also fail to address the problem of those who descend into a

potentially violent tailspin — whether from addiction, PTSD or some other life

stressor — sometime after they acquire their weapons. In the rest of the

developed world, gun owners must renew their licenses, which protects the

public from dangerous individuals by removing their weapons. Any serious

investigation into the background of the California shooter — or the

Pennsylvania shooter or the man who, in between those massacres, killed two

and injured five at a Florida yoga studio — would have uncovered, albeit not a

criminal record, but clear patterns of behavior showing they were unworthy of

firearm possession. (In April, mental health experts determined that the

Thousands Oaks assailant did not qualify for a psychiatric hold, which would

have kept him from owning a gun for five years in the state.)

At the same time, we need to address the growing problem of how easily

firearms are stolen from homes and — in the growing world of gun-carrying —

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from cars. Approximately four hundred thousand guns are stolen every year in

the United States, keeping criminals stocked with the latest weaponry. At

Sandy Hook Elementary School, we saw the deadly consequences when law-

abiding citizens do not adequately secure their firearms.

After the Pittsburgh shooting, President Donald Trump indicated that an

armed guard could have ended the killing quicker. This is a common belief

when it comes to the second approach: limiting the damage once a shooting

begins. But while armed security personnel have helped in many instances, the

dangers they and responding police face in mass shooting scenarios are

considerable — and they too often prove ineffectual. The killer in California

took out the security guard with his first shot; he also quickly killed a police

sergeant who entered the bar. Indeed, four police officers were shot when they

entered the Pittsburgh synagogue in trying to end that massacre, which

underscores the danger of facing an AR-15.

Worse still, when a lone gunman rampaged through the Washington Navy Yard

in 2013, he was able to continue his deadly spree by killing an armed guard and

then using the guard’s weapon after he ran out of his original ammunition.

While the best way to stop shooters is to prevent them from having a gun in

the first place, if that cannot be done, the next best thing is to limit the

deadliness of their weaponry. Keeping AR-15s away from those who envision

mass shootings as their opportunity to achieve some glorious vindication of

their perceived grievances is important as is the need to restrict high-capacity

magazines, which house large amounts of ammunition that allow shooters to

rain destruction on potential victims without interruption.

Unfortunately, in 2017, a federal judge in California stopped the state’s newly

adopted complete ban on high-capacity magazines from going into effect, even

after conceding that “the existence of high capacity magazines only serves to

enhance the killing and injuring potential of a firearm.” The gunman at

Thousand Oaks proved him right on the facts — although dead wrong on the

law.

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Nearly every mass shooting illustrates how large-capacity magazines can

increase the death toll. Forcing a shooter to reload more frequently can provide

both opportunities for counter-attack, as we saw in the Florida yoga studio,

and for escape, as occurred during breaks in shooting in Thousand Oaks.

Although California’s laws have limited its rate of mass shootings to half that

of a more gun-friendly state like Florida, a more dedicated effort is still needed

if we are to adequately address this growing menace.

Contact us at editors@time.com.

IDEASTIME Ideas hosts the world's leading voices, providing commentary on events in news, society, andculture. We welcome outside contributions. Opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect the views ofTIME editors.

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