1414thth European Biosolids and OrganicEuropean Biosolids and OrganicResources Conference, Workshop and ExhibitionResources Conference, Workshop and Exhibition

99--1111thth November 2009, The Royal Armouries, Leeds, UKNovember 2009, The Royal Armouries, Leeds, UK

Water, Biosolids, and Energy Resource CentersWater, Biosolids, and Energy Resource Centerswith Anaerobic Digestion and Biogaswith Anaerobic Digestion and Biogaswith Anaerobic Digestion and Biogaswith Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas

David L. Parry, PhD, PE, BCEEDavid L. Parry, PhD, PE, BCEE

Drivers Towards Resource CentersDrivers Towards Resource Centers

! Increasing water, fertilizer, and energy costs! Population growthp g! More stringent regulations! Interest in beneficial use of resources! Interest in beneficial use of resources! Need for upgrades to aging facilities and

infrastructure! Commitment to environmental stewardship

Wastewater Treatment Demands EnergyWastewater Treatment Demands EnergyWater19%

Aviation

Wastewater23%

Aviation10%

Building ServicesTraffic Building Services7%

Ci i C t

Traffic3%

Civic Center3%

Library1%

Misc1%

Parks3%

Street Lights30%

1%3%

Source: Texas Comptroller of Public AccountsTypical Large City Energy UsageTypical Large City Energy Usage

Wastewater Treatment Plants as Wastewater Treatment Plants as Resource CentersResource CentersResource Centers Resource Centers

Wind energy energy

Solar energy

Heat recovery

HydroelectricEnergy Solar energyEnergy

Reclaimed Water

Co-digestion (Organic waste & (FOG)

Biogas use Biosolids to fertilizer

Resource Centers Convert Wastes into Resource Centers Convert Wastes into Valuable ProductsValuable Products

FuelFuel

Valuable ProductsValuable Products

W t tW t tWastewaterWastewater

Reclaimed WaterReclaimed Water

EnergyEnergyEnergyEnergy(Heat,(Heat,Power)Power)Food WasteFood Waste

BiosolidsBiosolids(Fertilizer)(Fertilizer)Resource CenterResource Center

Other Organic Other Organic WasteWaste

FOGFOG

Wastewater Plants Can Produce Enough Wastewater Plants Can Produce Enough Electricity to Meet DemandsElectricity to Meet Demands

LightingLighting

Electric DemandElectric Demand Potential Electric SupplyPotential Electric Supply

Solids processesSolids processes

g gg g

Other organic wasteOther organic wasteIncluding FOGIncluding FOG

Aeration andAeration and PumpingPumping AnaerobicAnaerobicdi ti f di ti f Energy from Energy from

gg

other liquidother liquidprocessesprocesses

p gp gdigestion of digestion of WW solidsWW solids

Energy from Energy from biosolidsbiosolids

Anaerobic Digestion and Cogeneration Anaerobic Digestion and Cogeneration FacilityFacilityFacilityFacility

SHAFDAN Wastewater Treatment Plant, Israel

Biosolids and Energy Resources Instead of Biosolids and Energy Resources Instead of Sludge in the Mediterranean SeaSludge in the Mediterranean SeaSludge in the Mediterranean SeaSludge in the Mediterranean Sea

Reclaimed WaterReclaimed Water Mediterranean SeaMediterranean Sea

SludgeSludgegg

BiosolidsBiosolids

EnergyEnergy(Heat, Power)(Heat, Power)

SHAFDAN Solids Process SystemSHAFDAN Solids Process Systemyy

Sludge HeatE h

HeatR

Sludge Blend

Screens

Pasteurization

Exchanger RecoveryThickened WASPrimary Sludge

Sludge BlendTanks

PasteurizationFeed Tanks Pasteurization

Tanks

To Dewatering

Acid Phase Digesters Gas Phase Digesters

g

Acid Phase Digesters Gas Phase Digesters

SHAFDAN Biogas SystemSHAFDAN Biogas System

BiogasHolder

BiologicalH2S

BiogasFlares

Removal

MoistureRemoval

SiloxaneRemovalRemoval

BoosterBl

H20

Removal

Cogen Units

H2S ScrubbersBlower

H20Removal

Hot Water Boilers

SludgeBlendTanks

PasteurizationFeed Tanks Pasteurization

Tanks Acid Phase Digesters Gas Phase Digesters

Biogas Fueled Cogeneration Biogas Fueled Cogeneration and Biosolids Dryingand Biosolids Dryingy gy g

Four 750 kW Engine-Driven Generators, Rotary Drum Dryer

Encina Water Pollution Control FacilityEncina Wastewater Authority, Carlsbad, CA

Effluent Heat RecoveryEffluent Heat Recovery

H t d P lH t d P lHeated PoolHeated Pool

Town of Avon, ColoradoHeated SidewalksHeated Sidewalks

Wind Power and Egg Shaped DigestersWind Power and Egg Shaped Digesters

Deer Island Wastewater Treatment Plant, Boston, MA

Numerous Beneficial Uses for BiogasNumerous Beneficial Uses for Biogas

F lF lFuelFuel

BiBiogas HeatHeat

PowerPowerPowerPower

Biomethane Production and Effluent Heat Biomethane Production and Effluent Heat RecoveryRecoveryRecoveryRecovery

South Treatment Plant, King County, WA

Comprehensive Biogas Treatment and Comprehensive Biogas Treatment and Cogeneration SystemCogeneration SystemCogeneration System Cogeneration System

Replaced 200 KW Phosphoric Acid Fuel p pCell with two 800 kW Internal Combustion

Engine-Driven Generators

Columbia Blvd Wastewater Treatment Plant, Portland, Oregon

Reduction in Purchased Power from Reduction in Purchased Power from CogenerationCogenerationReduction in Purchased Power from Reduction in Purchased Power from CogenerationCogenerationCogenerationCogenerationCogenerationCogeneration

CBWTP Purchased Power

2,500,000

3,000,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

rs

1,000,000

1,500,000

KW

H

0

500,000

0

Jun-0

5

Oct-05

Feb-06

Jun-0

6

Oct-06

Feb-07

Jun-0

7

Oct-07

Feb-08

Jun-0

8

Oct-08

Feb-09

Jun-0

9

Numerous Beneficial Uses for BiosolidsNumerous Beneficial Uses for Biosolids

EnergyEnergy(Heat, Power)(Heat, Power)

BiogasBiogas

Wastewater Solids

FertilizerFertilizer

Soil Soil AmendmentAmendment

Wastewater TreatmentWastewater TreatmentOrganic Organic

Garbage Garbage DisposalDisposal

Organic Organic WasteWaste

S lidBiogasBiogasOnsiteOnsite

SolidsSeparation

Anaerobic DigestionAnaerobic Digestion

BiogasBiogas

BiosolidsBiosolidsCompostingComposting

Materials Recycling Materials Recycling FacilityFacility

BiogasBiogasBiosolidsBiosolids

SolidsSeparation

AmendmentAmendment Composting Composting FacilityFacility

CompostCompost

Options for Organic Options for Organic Waste ManagementWaste Management

ElectricityElectricity

FacilityFacility

Waste to EnergyWaste to EnergyWaste ManagementWaste ManagementBiogasBiogas

LandfillLandfill

gygy

CoCo--Digestion with Beneficial Use of BiogasDigestion with Beneficial Use of Biogas

Food Industry

Waste Waste

AnimalManure &

Wastewater Solids

Manure & Crop Wastes

Institutional

Biogas

Organic Waste

Anaerobic Digestion

ResidentialOrganic

Waste

Landfill

Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW)Fats, Oils, and Grease (FOG)

Think in Terms of Maximizing the Conversion of Think in Terms of Maximizing the Conversion of Resources Rather than Minimizing BiosolidsResources Rather than Minimizing BiosolidsResources Rather than Minimizing BiosolidsResources Rather than Minimizing Biosolids

Biogas

Solids Energy Emissions

Biosolids

Solids Energy Emissions

Organic Fraction of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW)

Biogas

Biosolids

LessSolids

MoreEnergy

LowerEmissions

OFMSW

WERF CoWERF Co--Digestion ResearchDigestion Researchgg

! Bench: Waste Characterization! Lab: Acclimation! Pilot: Scale upp! Full Scale: Demonstration

– Organic loading rate & digester performanceg g g p

– Waste characterization & biogas production

Waste CharacterizationWaste Characterization

! AnalyticalTotal solids Volatile solids COD– Total solids, Volatile solids, COD

– Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus

pH Alkalinity– pH, Alkalinity

! FoodP t i C b h d t F t– Protein, Carbohydrates, Fats

– Energy Content

! M t l! Metals– Arsenic, Cadmium, Copper, Lead, Nickel, Zinc

Bi l i l E C i (5 d ) BEC! Biological Energy Conversion (5-day), BEC5

A More Sophisticated Organic Loading A More Sophisticated Organic Loading R t i R i d f CR t i R i d f C Di tiDi tiRate is Required for CoRate is Required for Co--DigestionDigestion

E / iEnergy/time

(E / ) 1. Detention time1. Detention time(Energy/mass)x (mass/time)

1. Detention time1. Detention time

2. Volatile Solids/day/volume2. Volatile Solids/day/volume

/ // /3. Energy/time/mass3. Energy/time/mass

Energy Loading Rate Per Unit Mass in Digester

Thermophilic Pilot Plant forThermophilic Pilot Plant forThermophilic Pilot Plant forThermophilic Pilot Plant forFood WasteFood Waste

A Wastewater and Organic Waste A Wastewater and Organic Waste Treatment CenterTreatment CenterTreatment CenterTreatment Center

Hauled organic wastes account for 42% of the feed to the anaerobic digestersto the anaerobic digesters

Des Moines Wastewater Treatment Plant, Des Moines, IA

CoCo--Digestion is Part of Asset Digestion is Part of Asset ManagementManagementManagementManagement

V t bl OilV t bl OilVegetable OilVegetable Oil

Restaurant GreaseRestaurant Grease

Chicken WasteChicken WasteChicken WasteChicken Waste

Excess Anaerobic DigestionExcess Anaerobic Digestion and Cogeneration

Capacity

Lethbridge Wastewater Treatment Plant, Alberta, Canada

Integrated Resource Management for Water Integrated Resource Management for Water Reclamation Biosolids and EnergyReclamation Biosolids and EnergyReclamation, Biosolids, and EnergyReclamation, Biosolids, and Energy

EnergyEnergy

Reclaimed Water

Wastewater

Biosolids

Regional Bioenergy Center

Energy

Distributed Water, Biosolids, and Energy Centers

Regional Bioenergy Center

SummarySummarySummarySummary

! Wastewater facilities are a potential resource t f t bi lid dcenter for water, biosolids, and energy

! Biosolids are a valuable resource! We can think in terms of maximizing the

conversion of resources rather than minimizing biosolidsminimizing biosolids

! Anaerobic digestion of organic waste has the potential to meet the plant energy demand

! Distributed resource centers can be integrated for reclaimed water, biosolids, and

tenergy management

Questions and AnswersQuestions and Answers