14 04 objectives
Post on 14-Jun-2015
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Goals and Objectives
Hirotaka Onishi MD, MHPE
International Research Center for Medical EducationGraduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo
Curriculum Development 6-step Approach (Kern)
1. Problem identification and general needs assessment
2. Needs assessment for targeted learners
3. Goals and objectives
4. Educational strategy
5. Implementation
6. Assessment or evaluation
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Goals and objectives Goals
Broad and general objectives Closely related with outcomes, aims,
mission of the school… Objectives
Specific and measurable objectives Better to identify targeted behavior Closely related with what should be
assessed
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Ex) Goals & Objectives of Ob/Gyn for Internal Medicine Residents
Goal (or broad educational objective) internal medicine residents develop the knowledge,
attitudes, and skills necessary to diagnose, manage, and appropriately refer women who present to primary care settings with gynecologic needs or complaints
Specific measurable objective by the end of the gynecology curriculum, each
resident will have demonstrated, at least once, the appropriate technique, as defined on a check sheet, for obtaining a Pap smear and cervical cultures.
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Organization of a Curriculum
Curriculum
Goal
Objective
Objective
Objective
Goal
Objective
Objective
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Undergraduate Medical Education Mission StatementFaculty of Medicine, The U of Tokyo
The University of Tokyo School of Medicine serves Japan and the world by contributing new knowledge through research and providing an exemplary education to medical students who will become future leaders in the life sciences, clinical research, and the clinical practice of medicine. To prepare our graduates for the major challenges they will face, we seek to support their professional development as physicians with creative and inquiring minds, an appreciation of the principles of medical practice, and a sound foundation in both the scientific and humanistic aspects of medicine.
How to Write Objectives By when who will do how much of what
by the end of the curriculum each resident will demonstrate at least one time appropriate technique of Pap smear
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Ex) Medical Education Course for International Cooperation
By when who will do how much of what
by the end of the course each student will describe two actual processes of curriculum development
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Exercise By when who will do how much of what
Goal:
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Taxonomy of Educational Objectives Mastery Learning (Bloom, 1956)
Knowledge
objective
objective
objective
objective
Attitude
objective
objective
objective
objective
Skills
objective
objective
objective
objective
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Bloom’s TaxonomyCognitive (Bloom et al, 1956), Affective (Krathwohl et al, 1965) Psychomotor (Simpson, 1972)
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Cognitive
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
Affective
Receiving
Responding
Valuing
Organizing
Characterizing
Psychomotor
Perception
Set
Guided response
Mechanism
Complex overt response
Adaptation
Organization
Mastery Learning(Benjamin Bloom, 1971)
Require well- defined learning units organized into smaller, sequentially organized learning objectives. Easy Difficult Simple Complex
Learners are provided frequent and specific feedback by using diagnostic, formative tests designed to correct mistakes along his/her learning pathway.
Each learner must master each learning unit before proceeding to the next.
Ex) Kumon’s math program
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Taxonomy Objectives and contents may be categorized
into knowledge, attitude and skills. Cognitive domain: 2 levels – recall (knowledge),
application (problem solving) Affective domain: attitude knowledge required Psychomotor domain: 2 levels – skill, performance Performance requires knowledge, attitude & skill
Taxonomy makes it easier to optimize delivery and assessment tools
Balanced Performance
Overall PerformanceCompetency
Problem Solving Attitude
Recall Level Knowledge
Skill
Ex: Cognitive Objective By the end of the neurology curriculum,
the learner will describe in writing a cost-effective approach to the initial evaluation and management of patients with dementia
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Inappropriate verbs Appropriate verbs
know, understand list, define, distinguish, describe
Ex: Affective Objective By the end of the HIV curriculum
all residents will have identified attitudes and beliefs regarding HIV patients who are drug addicts
all residents will have discussed with their colleagues and attending physicians how these might influence their management of such patients
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Inappropriate verbs Appropriate verbs
appropriate, internalize rate as valuablerank as important
Ex: Skill Objective By the end of the curriculum, all medical
students will have demonstrated proficiency in assessing alcohol use by utilizing all four of the CAGE* questions with one simulated and one real patients.
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Inappropriate verbs Appropriate verbs
know how demonstrate
*Cage: (1) cut-down, (2) annoyed by criticism, (3) guilty feeling and (4) eye-opener
Ex: Performance Objective All students who have completed the
curriculum will routinely (>80% of time) use the CAGE questions to assess their patients’ alcohol use
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Levels of Evaluation Focus
Benefit to patients
Organisational change
Behaviour change
Acquisition of knowledge and skills
Modification of attitudes and perceptions
Learners’ reactions
Kirkpatrick’s 4 levels
Level 4
Level 3
Level 2
Level 1
Patient Objective Whenever developing a curriculum,
consider patient/society level of objectives Ex) 1 year after the medical interview
curriculum for alcohol dependency annual number of patients participating in alcoholics anonymous will be increased
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Small Group Exercise Define a course of your selection Set goals and objectives after analyzing
k/a/s and patient objectives
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