7/29/2019 13745

1/10

Indian StandardMETHOD FOR DETERMINATION OFFORMALDEHYDE CONTENT IN PARTICLEBOARD BY EXTRACTION METHOD CALLEDPERFORATOR METHOD

UDC 674816-41 : 543 [ 5472811 ]

@ BIS 1993BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARGNEW DELHI 110002

J une 1993 Price Group 3

( Reaffirmed 1998

7/29/2019 13745

2/10

Wood Prsducts Sectional Committee, CED 20

FOREWORDThis Irdian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards. after the draft finalized bythe Wood Products Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering DivisionCouncil.The emission of formaldehyde from a particle board is a complex process. For a given board,the test result depends upon the age, ageing conditions, moisture content, etc, at the time oftesting.The perforator value as determined by the method laid down in this standard is considered to bethe formaldehyde content of the tested board.The test result must be considered in relation to the specific board conditions at the time oftesting as outlined above.There is not necessarily a correlation between the perforator value and the formaldehyde emissionof the board.The temperature of conditioning of boards has been given as 27 f 2C in 3.3 and tempera--ture required for calibrating the test apparatus has been given as 27C under 6. However,for the purpose of export of boards to European countries, values of 20 f 2C and 20Crespectively may have to be adopted.

In the formulation of this standard considerable assistance has been taken from EN 120 : 1984Particle Boards. Determination of Formaldehyde Content by Extraction Method Called PerforntorMethod, European Committee for Standardization ( CEN ).The composition of the committee responsible for the preparation of this standard is givenat Annex A.In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the finalvalue, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS 2 : 19608Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ).

7/29/2019 13745

3/10

IS 13745 1993

Indian StandardMETHOD FOR DETERMINATION OFFORMALDEHYDE CONTENT IN PARTICLEBOARD BY EXTRACTION METHOD CALLED

PERFORATOR METHODP SCOPEThis standard covers method for determinationof formaldehyde content of particle boards by anextraction method known as Perforator Method.

NOTE - The method given in this standard is usedfor the determination of formaldehyde contentof particle boards of 10 mg/lOO g and above. Inthe range below this value the results aredifficult to interpret.2 PRINCIPLEThe formaldehyde is extracted from test piecesby means of boiling toluene and transferredinto distilled or d:mineralized water. Theformaldehyde content of this aqueous solutionis determined iodometrically.3 SAMPLING AND PREPARATION OF TESTPIECES3.1 Sampling3.1.1 The test pieces are to be taken evenlydistributed over the width of the ( cooled )board excluding a strip of 500 mm width at afrontside of the board.3.1.2 Take 18 test pieces of 25 mm X 25 mmx thickness of the board for the determinationof the moisture content and a sufficient numberof test pieces of the same dimensions to obtainapproximately 500 g of the board for theextraction by perforator.3.2 For Production ControlIf-this method is used for production control,the board selected for sampling is immediatelycut up. The test pieces taken from the boardshall be stored in a hermetically sealedcontainer at ambient temperature.The formaldehyde determination should becarried out not more than 24 hours aftersampling.3.3 For Other PurposesIf this method is used for other purposes, forexample for boards already installed, themethods chosen for sampling, preparation oftest pieces, and conditioning which influence thefinal result shall be as agreed between the partiesand laid down in the test report.

Unless otherwise agreed, the boards shall beconditioned for 43 days and the test pieces for6 days at 27 f 2C and ( 65 f 5 ) y0 relativehumidity.4 REAGENTSFor the analysis, reagents of analytical qualityand distilled or demineralized water shall beused.4.1 Toluene, which is free from water and fromimpurities which may interfere with the test.4.2 Iodine, standard solution with concentration( IZ ) = 001 mol/l. Standardization of thesolution shall be regularly checked. 1 ml of thissolution corresponds to 03 mg formaldehyde.4.3 Sulphuric acid solution, obtained by dilutionof concentrated sulphuric acid with water at aratio of 1:l ( volume ).4.4 Sodium thiosulphate, standard solutionwith concentration ( Na&Oa ) = 001 mol/l.4.5 Sodium hydroxide, standard solutionwith concentration ( PIJaOH ) = 1 mol/l.4.6 Starch~solution of 1 percent ( m/m ).5 APPARATUSApproved labor&tory equipment, like thosegiven in 5.1 to 5.9 shall be used.5.1 Precision balance accurate to 0001 g.5.2 Well-ventilated drying oven capable ofmaintaining a temperature of 103 f 2C.5.3 Extraction ApparatusThe apparatus ( see Fig. 1 ) shall consist of:

a) spiral condenser, total length approxi-mately 400 mm; cone 45140, socket 29132( Part 1 )b) ip~~~: )adaptor, socket 45140, cone 71/51c) filter insert, porosity P 160 ( 100 to 160p m ), bowl and filter diameter 60 mm( Part 3 )d) perforator attachment 1 000 ml with cock: 4pazy )bore, socket 71/51, male 29/32 )e) conical adaptor, socket 29132, cone 45140( Part 5 )

1

7/29/2019 13745

4/10

xt:b 3,3 EPUI-SPACEDDOMES_fl --tHOLES $5 ON EACH r; !DE

CONICALADAPtOR 24/32(DOUBLE)

BULBED t UBEI

E.

320 II IISINTEREO GLASSFILTER. POROSITYP 160 SEALED ATPOINTS MARKEDT,HUS =

PACINGIH I RODS 2 OFF1 V 16 SE ALED ATTUBE fHl:yO M ENDS [d-j 57___-_

SIDE ARM

t- CONIC AL A OAPTOR&S/40 to it/s1 (21-1

ICONICAL FLASKSO ml (81

@ 8SIPHONTUBE \

=f3CONICALADAPtOR29132 TO&S/Ccl

/ (5)/

PERFORATOt? IllATTACHMENT (6)3 EQUI - SPACED

I RIBS STOPCOCK, r ROUND BOTTOMFLASK 0000 mlW TH SrJCKE 745/&O (61

/FOR DETaliS CFLOWER PART OFF~L-ER IhsERT SEEENLARGED k2Hawl~G

EXTRACTION APPARATUSILTER INSERT (3) PERFORATOR ATTACHME NT DETAIL OF FILTER INSERT(J+) _k *All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 1 EXTRACTION APPARATUS FOR DETERMINATION OF FORMALDEHYDECONTENT IN PARTICLE BOARDS

7/29/2019 13745

5/10

f)d

IS 13745 : 1993I 000 ml round-bottomed flask, socket flask is connected to the perforator. About40/50 ( Part 6 )( Double) bulbed tube, co-e 23/32 ( lengthapproximately 380 mm ), external dia-meter approximately 10 mm, bulbdiameter approximately 50 mm, distancebetween bulb and bottom end of tubeapproximately 200 mm ( distance betweenthe bulbs approximately 50 mm ) ( Part 7 )

1 000 ml of distilled water is poured into theperiorator Littachnlc:lt, leaving a space of 10 to20 mm b?tw.en the surface oi the water and thesiphon outlet. Then the condenser and the gasabsorption equipment are conrected. Theabsorption bulb OF the pas equ;pment ( 5.3 his filled with about 100 ml distilled water.

h) Absorption bulb ( for example, Conicalflask 250 ml ) (Part 8 ).5.4 Volumetric flask of 2 000 ml calibratedat 27C.5.5 Conical flask, 250 ml.5.6 Precision burette 50 ml calibrated at 27C.5.7 Pipette 100 ml calibrated at 27C.5.8 Pipette 25 ml calibrated at 27C.5.9 Two measuring cylinders, 25 ml.6 EXECUTION OF THE TESTS6.1 Number of Deter-minatiooThe determinations are to be carried out induplicate.The individual values of a duplicate determina-tion may deviate by the maximum of 5 mg/lOO g,but by not more than 10 percent related to thegreater of the two single values; otherwise athird determination is to be carried out.NOTE - For internal r~outine control, a singledetermination may be sufficient.6.2 Determination of Moisture ContentThe moisture content is determined on a sampleof 5 to 6 test pieces ( 25 mm X 25 mm ).The sample is weighed ( see 5.1 ), to anaccuracy of 01 percent on a watchglass ( about120 mm diameter ) and it is dried in a wellventilated drying oven ( 5.2 ) at a temperatureof 103 f 2C to constant mass ( about 12 h ).Constant mass is regarded as having beenreached when the mass of the test piece does notdiffer by more than 01 percent over a periodof 4 hours.After the removal from the drying oven, the testpieces shall be allowed to cool in a desiccatorbefore weighing.6.3 Extraction in the PerforatorBefore the apparatus is used the sidearm of theperforator attachment shall be provided withthermal insulation, in order to achieve circula-tion of toluene.About 100 g of test pieces are weighed to anaccuracy of 0.1 g and put into the roundbottom flask ( 5.3 ). 600 ml of toluene ( 4.1 )is added. Subsequently, the round-bottom

When the apparatus is complete, the cooling andheating are turned on.Toluene must flow back regularly throughoutthe whole pericd of perforation, with a refiuxrate of 50 to 70 drops per minute.Care must be taken that no water flows backfrom the absorption bulb ( Part 8 ) into otherparts of the equipment during the extractionprocess.The extraction is carried on for two hours,counting from the moment that the first bubblespass through the filter insert. The heating mustbe such that the onset of bubbling occursbetween 20 and 30 minutes after turning on theheating device.After these two hours the heating is switched offand the gas absorption bulb is removed.The water contained in the perforate; is trans-ferred, after cooling to ambient temperature,into the volumetric flask by means of the stomp-cock. The perforator is rinsed twice, eachtime with 200 ml of distilled water-. The rinsingwater is poured into the volumetric flask andthe toluene discarded. The water contained inthe absorption bulb of the gas absorption onequipment is poured into the flask. The volumeof the water contained in the flask is then madeup to 2 000 ml with distilled water.6.4 Blank TestThe test must be repeated without test pieceswith new toluene from the same bottie as usedfor the perfo?ation.6.5 Titratisn

The for-maldehyde is oxidized by an excess ofiodine in sulphuric acid solu:ion, unused iodineis back titrated with thiosu!phate.6.5.2 ProcedureTransfer 100 ml of the formsldehydc solution irethe volumetric flask ( 5.4 ) into the conicalflask ( 5.5 ). Add 511 ml of iodine solution ( 4.2 )and 20 ml of sodium hydroxide solution ( 4.5 ).Close the flask and keep it in the darkfor 15 minutes. Carefully add 10 ml sulphuricacid ( 4.3 ). The liberation of excess iodine causesa brown colour to appear. Back titrate this excessiodine with the thiosulphate in the burette (5.6)in the presence of starch ( 4.6 ) as indicator.

7/29/2019 13745

6/10

is13745:1993Th presence of otheroxidized by iodine (shall be avoided.7 RESULTS7.1 Moisture Content

products capable of being information shall be given with reference to theethyl alchol, acetone, etc ) present standard:

The moisture content of the particle board, A4 inpercent is calculated by the equation :M= Mi---n

*n . 100where

MI is the mass in g of the test piece beforedrying, andM,, is the mass in g of the test piece afterdrying.

7.2 Perforator ValueThe formaldehyde content is expressed in mgformaldehyde per 100 g of dry board.This value is called the perfo:ator value and iscalculated according to the fohowing equaticn:Perforator value =

3O(v,-- VI)( 100 + M)m -~ mg/lOO gwhere

V,, is the consumption in ml of 0010 mol/lthiosulphate solution for the blank test,VI is the consumption in ml of 0010 mol/l

thiosulphate solution for the test,M is the moisture content of the particleboard in percent9 andm is the mass in g of test pieces before theextraction.

NOTE - 1 ml 0.01 mol/l thiosulphate solutioncorresponds to 0.5 ml 0.01 mol/l iodine solutionand 0.15 mg formaldehyde.R~esults shall be rounded off to the next integer.8 TEST REPORT

a) Origin of the boards,b) Place, location* and state? of the boardat the time of sampling ( in particular themoisture content ),c) Type of the board,d) Thickness of the board ( mm ),e) Bulk density of the board ( kg/m3 ),f) Date of manufacture of the board,g) Date of sampling,h) Date ~of the titration,j) Moisture content ( % ), at the time of

k)testing according to -6.2,Perforator value ( mg formaldehyde/100 gdry board ),

mld Description of further details 1, andAt a conspicuous place of the test report,the following text must be included:The emission of formaldehyde from aparticle board is a complex process. Fora given board, the test result dependsupon the age, ageing condtions, moisturecontent, etc, at the time of testing.The perforator value as determined bythe method laid down in this standard isconsidered to be the formaldehyde contentof the tested board.The test result obtained must be consideredin relation to the specific board conditionsat the time of testing as outlined above.There is not necessarily a correlationbetween the perforator value and theformaldehyde emission of the board.

*For example, ceiling, floor, wall, etc.yFor example, moisture content, surface coating,finishing.1 Report of all the information about the operations

which are not in accordance, with standard ( sampl-^. . . .mg or test pieces, Condltlonlng, etc ).n the test report the following minimum

7/29/2019 13745

7/10

I$ 13745 : 1993ANNEX A( Foreword )

COMMITTEE COMPOSITION

Chairman:DR P. M. GANAPATHYMembers

Wood Products Sectional Committee, CED 20RepresentingIndian Plywood Iudustries Research and Training Institute,Bangalore

SHRI B. S. ASWATHANARAYAN ( Alternate to.Dr P. M. Ganaphathy )SHRI K. K. BARUAH Forest Department, Government of Assam, GuwahatiSHRI T. K . DAS ( Alternate )SHRI N. M. CHACHAN Plywood Manufacturers* Association of West Bengal, CalcuttaSHRI B. B. ROY ( Alternate )SHRI A. K. CHATTERJ EE Directorate General of Technical Development, New DelhiSHRI 0. P. SHARMA ( Alternate )SHRl N. HEMBRAM Engineer-in-Chiefs Branch, Army Headquarters, New DelhiSHRI K. K. MITRA ( Alternate )J OINT DIRECTOR STANDARDS ( CARRIAGE - 1 ) Ministry of Railways ( RDSO ), LucknowSHRI A. K . K ADARKUTTY The Western I ndia Plywood Ltd, CannanoreSHRI U. B. KANCHAN Ministry of Defence ( R & D)&RI RAVI ~ER KUMAR ( Alternate )

SHRI D. K. KANU NGO Mational Test House, CalcuttaDR YOGESH CHANDER NIJ HAWAN ( Alternate )SHRI A. K . LAL National Buildings Organization, New DelhiSHRI A. G. DHONGADE( Alternate )SHRI K. S. LAULY The Indian Plywood Manufacturing Company Limited, BombaySHRI P. T. S. MENON ( Afternate )DR A. N. NAYER In personal capacity ( C-59 Znderpuri, New Delhi )IPRESIDENT Federation of Indian Plywood and Panel Industry, New DelhiEXECUTIVEDIRECTOR ( Alternate )SHRI S. K. SANGANERI ASHRI K. SANKARAKRISHNANSHRI S. N. SANYAL

Assam Plywood Manufacturers Association, TinsukhiaSouth Indian Plywood Manufacturers Association, Tr ivandrumForest Research I nstitute, Forest Product Division, DehraSHRI N. K. SHUKLA ( Alternate )

SHRI S. N. SANYALSHRI K. S. SHUKL A ( Alternate )SHRI F. C. SHARMASHRI N. M. WALECHA ( Alternate )DR Y. SINGHDR L. K. AGARWAL ( Alternate )SHRI J . K.SINHASHR~ RAMA CHANDRA ( Alternate )SHRI M. K . KANCHANSHRI K. D. NARULA ( Alternate )SHRI N. K. UPADHYAYSHRI M. ZAFRULLASHRI TRIDIB SEN ( Alternate ).SHRI . R. TANEJ A,

DunIndian Academy of Wood Science, BangaloreDirectorate General of Civil Aviation, New DelhiCentral Building Research Institute ( CSIR ), RoorkeeMinistry of Defence ( DGQA )Central Public Works Department, New DelhiDirectorate General of Supplies and Disposals, New DelhiSitapur PlyHrood ManufacturersLtd, SitapurDirector General, BIS ( Ex-officio Member )

Direct or (Civ Engg )SecretarySHRI SANJ AY PANT

Assistant Director ( Civ Engg ), BI S( Contilued on page 6 )

5

7/29/2019 13745

8/10

IS 13745 1993( Continued fromgage 5 )

Wood-Based Building Boards Subcommittee, CED 20 : 6Convener Representing

DR H. N . J AGAD~ESH Indian P lywood Industries Research and Training Institute,BangaloreMembersDR L.K. AGARWALSHRI B. SINGH ( Alternate )SEIRI A.K. CHATTERIE ECentral Building Research Iustitute (CSIR ), RoorkeeDirectorate General of Technical Development, New Delhi

SHRI 0. P. SHARMA ( Alternate )DIRECTOR Indian Plvwood Industries Research and Training Institute,SHRI V. SIVANANDA ( Alternate ) BangaloreDy. DIRECTOR STANDARDS ( Carriage III ) Ministry of Railways ( RDSO ), LucknowASSISTANT DIRECTOR STANDARDS( Carriage III ) ( Alternate )SHRI ARVIND J OLLY J olly Board L td, BombaySHRI N. K. PADHYE ( Alternate )SHR~ K. P. K AMAL UDDIN The Western India Plywood Ltd, CannanoreSHRI K. R. BI RIE ( Alternate )SHRI S. S. KAPUR Llyod Insulation ( Itdia ) Pvt Ltd, New DelhiSHRI KAUSHIK DAS ( Alternate )SHRI M. L. LAHOTI Assam Hardboard Ltd, CalcuttaSHRI L. N. BAHE TI ( Alternate )SHRI A. K . LAL National Buildings Organization, New DelhiSHRI A. G. DHONGADE (Alternate )SHRI P. T. S. ME NON The Indian Plywood Manufacturing Co Ltd, BombaySHRI P. N. HOSAMANI( Akernate )SHRI S. A. NAQUI Novopan India Ltd, HyderabadSHRI A. V. V. RAGHAVACHARYA ( Alternate )SHRI K. SANKARAKRISHNAN Kutty Flush Doors and Furniture Co ( Pvt ) Ltd, MadrasSHRI M. V. D. MENON ( Alternate )SHRI H. V. SARDA Mangalam T imber Products Ltd, CalcuttaSHRI AMAR KUMAR ( Alternate )SIIRI K. S. SHUKLA Forest Research I nstitute, Forest Products Division ( CornPosits.DR S. P. SINGH ( Alternate ) Wood ), Dehra DunSHRI J . K. SINHA Ministry of Defence ( DGQA )MAI R.N. SAIGAL ( AZternate )DR N. SRIRAM Nuchem Limited, Faridabad

Ministry of Defence ( R & D )CentraLPublic Works Department, New DelhiGodrej & Boyce Manufacturing Co Ltd, BombaySitapur Plywood Manufacturers Ltd, Sitapur

SHRI D. SRIRAM ( Alternate )SHRI P. S. SRIVASTAVASHRI RAVINDRA KUMAR ( Alternate )SUPERINTENDINGENGINEER S & S )EXECUTIVEENGINEER S & S ) ( Alternate )SHRI J IMMY A. UNWALLASHRI S. S. POTNI S ( AIternate )SHRI M. ZAFRULLASHRI TRIDIB SEN ( Alternate )

7/29/2019 13745

9/10

Standard Mark~The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of the Bureau of Indian

Standards Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The Standard Mark onproducts covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been producedto comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined system of inspection,testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by BIS and operated by the pro-ducer. Standard marked products are also continuously checked by BIS for conformity tothat standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licence for the useof the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be dbtained fromthe Bureau of Indian Standards.

7/29/2019 13745

10/10

Bureau of Indian StindardsBIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promoteharmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification ofgoods and attending to connected matters in the country.CopyrightBIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced inany form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, inthe course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type orgrade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director ( Publications >, BIS.Review of Indian StandardsAmendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards arealso reviewed periodically; a standard] along with amendments is reaffirmed when such reviewindicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is takenup for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of thelatest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of BIS Handbook and StandardsMonthly Additions. Comments on this Indian Standard may be sent to BIS giving the followingreference :Dot : No. CED 20 ( 5207 )

Amendments Issued Since PublicationAmend No. Date of Jssue Text Affected

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSHeadquarters:Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002Telephones : 331 01 31, 331 13 75 Telegrams : Manaksanstha

( Common to all Offices )Regional Offices :Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafat Marg

NEW DELHI 110002Eastern : l/14 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, ManiktolaCALCUTTA 700054

Telephone

{331 01 31331 13 75

37 84 99, 37 85 6137 86 26, 37 86 62

Northern : SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C, CHANDIGARH 160036

Southern : C. I. T. Campus, IV Cross Road, MADRAS 600113

53 38 43, 53 16 4053 23 84

235 02 16, 235 04 42235 15 19, 235 23 15Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri ( East ) 632 92 95, 632 78 58

BoMBAY 400093 632 78 91 632 78 92 .Branches : AHMADABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE.FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR.LUCKNOW. PATNA. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM.

Printed at Paragoo Ltoterprises, Delhi, India