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The Impact of Inventory Parameters on Supply Chain Performance
산업공학과 제조통합자동화 실험실
2001.8.14 화발표 : 김해중
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The impact of inventory and flow planning parameters on supply chain performance
:An exploratory study
Ram Ganeshan, Tonya Boone, School of Business, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, USA
Alan J. Stenger.Department of Business Logistics, Penn State University. USA
<Int. J. Production Economics 71 (2001) 111~118>
MAI Lab 3/212001.8.14 (화 )
Contents
Inventory parameters 설정
가설 설정
Simulation 을 통한 가설 검정
MAI Lab 4/212001.8.14 (화 )
Introduction
Research in Inventory Determining optimal inventory policies Positioning of inventory in the supply chain Analyzing the costs and benefits of technology and information
sharing Inventory-related advantages of product postponement
Objectives of studyImpact of selected inventory parameters
MAI Lab 5/212001.8.14 (화 )
Inventory planning parameters
i) Forecast methodology - Forecast error
ii) The mode of communication between echelons
- DRP(Distribution Resource Planning)
- ROP(Reorder Point)
iii) The planning frequency - How open the product or material requirements are re-computed
MAI Lab 6/212001.8.14 (화 )
Supply chain performance parameters
i) Observed service level - proportion of demand satisfied at the DCs from inventory
- Overall service level: volume-weighted average of each service level
ii) Supply chain cycle time
- the time spent by the product as raw material, WIP, or a finished good
- The time spent as inventory and the time spent in transit
iii) Return on investment - Profit contribution as the proportion of the total investment
MAI Lab 7/212001.8.14 (화 )
Hypothesis(1/3)
Impact of forecast error or methodology Before : De Bodt, Van Wassenhove
not supply chain, but a single site in the network
First hypothesis
Null: The forecast errors have no effect on cycle time and service levels
Alternative: Increasing forecast errors will increase the cycle time and decrease observed service levels.
MAI Lab 8/212001.8.14 (화 )
Hypothesis(2/3)
Impact of flow planning methodology DRP procedure gives the higher level of visibility in planning
product requirements DRP plans for the exact distribution needs
Second hypothesis
Null: The DRP and the ROP methodology have the same effect on the observed service level in the supply chain
Alternative: The DRP methodology achieves a higher level of observed service level than the ROP in the supply chain.
MAI Lab 9/212001.8.14 (화 )
Hypothesis(3/3)
Impact of replanning frequency Before : Sridharan, Berry
increasing replanning frequency -> decreasing stability
not supply chain, but a horizon MRP(one site)
Third hypothesis
Null: The replanning frequency has no effect on the cycle time or the service level
Alternative: A decrease in replanning frequency will increase cycle time and decrease observed service level
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Methodology
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Case study and network design
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Simulation
Forecast demand DCj, time period t
XFjt = XSjt + є
ii) Output
- Service level
- Inventory level
Forecast error
- normally distributed ~(θ,σ2)- σ2 =aAjb Aj: average period sales at DCj
MAI Lab 13/212001.8.14 (화 )
Experiment result
b=0.8
MAI Lab 14/212001.8.14 (화 )
Experiment result
MAI Lab 15/212001.8.14 (화 )
Conclusions
Forecasting errors and the re-planning frequency
service, ROI Cycle time
DRP service
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Discussion
분산분석의 한계 ( 검정만 가능 ) 을 넘어서는 평가방법 ?
예 ) 민감도 분석
MAI Lab 17/212001.8.14 (화 )
DRP(Distribution Resource Planning)
개념 Andre J. Martin 에 의해 고안된 (MRP 개념 창안자 ) 어떤 제품을 얼마만큼 언제 어디 (Source Site) 에서 어디 (Receiving Site) 로
이동시켜야 하는 지를 계획하는 것 .
목적 고객과 가장 가까운 곳에서 수요데이터를 얻고 , 수요를 예측하여 이를
생산계획의 수립에 빠르게 반영 운송 계획을 통한 유통망상 재고의 획기적인 감소
등장배경 과잉재고 재고고갈 낮은 고객서비스 과다한 물류비용 빠른 기업환경의 변화
MAI Lab 18/212001.8.14 (화 )
DRP
필요한 데이터 운송제품의 무게 , 부피 운송자원의 종류 , 용량 Site 월력 (Calendar) 운송 네트워크 운송 비용
MRP 와의 비교 MRP: 한 Site 에서 수요와 현재고에 대한 정보를 기준으로 생산량 /
구매량과 시점을 결정 , BOM, Routing
DRP: 여러 Site 상 (Distribution Network) 에서 각 Site 별로 수요 , 재고 , 생산량 / 구매량과 시점을 결정 , Bill of Distribution
MAI Lab 19/212001.8.14 (화 )
DRP 전개 예 (1/3)
고객의 수요를 예측 , 수급계획 수립
MAI Lab 20/212001.8.14 (화 )
DRP 전개 예 (2/3)
DRP Record- 서울대리점 , 부산대리점
MAI Lab 21/212001.8.14 (화 )
DRP 전개 예 (3/3)
DRP Record – 남한 물류센터
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