13-05-07 international norms for cyberspace

8/13/2019 13-05-07 International Norms for Cyberspace

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On the Way Towards International Norms for

Cyberspace: Deadlocks to Resolve, essons to earn

Oleg Demidov,

Program Coordinator, PIR Center

Chatham House,

London, 07.05.201


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Deadlocks of Cyberspace Re!"lation

#$ %daptation of e&istin! mechanisms or adoption of new

international norms and doc"ments'

($ Technical aspects of cybersec"rity or content related iss"es tobe the s"b)ect of ne!otiation and international re!"lation'

*$ Who is responsible for actions constit"tin! cyber conflict + The

tate or a Citi-en'

.$ %ttrib"tion of /ro&y %ctors + the key problem

Chatham House,

London, 07.05.201


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!"#$ C%&ers'a(e

!.". De'artment o) De)ense *latestedition 2012+

# glo&al domain ithin the in)ormation

environment (onsisting o) the interde'endent

netor- o) in)ormation te(hnolog%

in)rastru(tures, in(luding the Internet,

tele(ommuni(ations netor-s, (om'uter

s%stems, and em&edded 'ro(esses and

(ontrollers

In)ormation s'a(e the s'here o) a(tivit%

(onne(ted ith the )ormation, (reation,

(onversion, trans)er, use, and storage o)

in)ormation and hi(h has an e))e(t on

individual and so(ial (ons(iousness, the

in)ormation in)rastru(ture, and in)ormation itsel).

Russia, "CO$

In)ormation "'a(e

Russia / !.". ilateral on C%&erse(urit%.

Criti(al erminolog% oundations. 3ast

4est Institute, 2011

!."Russian "tud% rou'$ C%&ers'a(e

#n ele(troni( domain through hi(h

in)ormation is (reated, transmitted, re(eived,

stored, 'ro(essed and deleted

C%&er "e(urit% "trateg%)or erman%, 2011

he virtual s'a(e o) all I s%stems lin-ed at datalevel on a glo&al s(ale. he &asis )or (%&ers'a(e

is the Internet as a universal and 'u&li(l%

a((essi&le (onne(tion and trans'ort netor-

hi(h (an &e (om'lemented and )urther e6'anded

&% an% num&er o) additional data netor-s. I

s%stems in an isolated virtual s'a(e are not 'art o)

(%&ers'a(e.

erman%$ C%&ers'a(e

Con)li(ting !nderstanding o) C%&ers'a(e$

#n O&sta(le )or Common ormsO.8. Demidov

Program Coordinator

PIR Center

In). s'a(e

C%&er"'a(e

Convention on International

In)ormation "e(urit% *(on(e't+9

"CO :e-aterin&urg #greement

;une 1


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>ilitar% and Politi(alhreats

C%&er(rimeerrorism

hreats in C%&ers'a(e$ Classi)i(ationO.8. Demidov

Program Coordinator

PIR Center

ormulated &% ! # Resolution

#?R3"?5@?@= on De(em&er 1, 1==A

*ado'ted under RussiaBs initiative+

3lements are interrelated and

inse'ara&le

In(ludes the issues o) (ontent

Does not 'rovide understanding o)

te(hni(al nature o) threats

Russia$ the Triad of threats in the

in)ormation s'a(e

>ali(ious #(tivities in C%&ers'a(e$ #(torO&e(t

Classi)i(ation

O&e(t

#(tor

Citiens "tates and Pro6%#(tors

CitiensC%&er Crime(itizens vs Citizens)

C%&er errorism(itizens vs States)

"tates and Pro6%#(tors (States vs Citizens)

?C%&er ar(States vs States)

#n% universal (lassi)i(ationE


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"o)t La >e(hanisms and

Codes o) Condu(t )or C%&ers'a(e

O.8. Demidov

Program Coordinator

PIR Center

Pro'osals

#uthors

"o)t La >e(hanisms

1. Russia Russia su''orts the idea o) a Code o) Condu(t )or (%&ers'a(e as aglo&al !&a(-ed do(ument ith strong em'hasis on (ontent issues

2. he "CO and itsstates

1. Code o) Condu(t in the )ield o) International In)ormation "e(urit%*dra)ted &% Russia, ai-istan, !&e-istan and China on "e'tem&er 12,

2011+

2. In >ar(h 201 China (alled )or (reating some (ode o) (ondu(t )or(%&ers'a(e in order to ta(-le the threat o) (%&erar

. !"#

"in(e the end o) 2012 a(tivel% su''ort ela&oration o) Fnorms o)res'onsi&le &ehaviorG in (%&ers'a(e. #da'tation o) the e6isting international la *us in &ello, us ad &ellum+ "u''ort o) the allinn >anual a''roa(h

"tatement &% the "e(retar% o) "tate Hillar% Clinton at the internationalCon)eren(e on C%&ers'a(e in uda'est on ovem&er 5, 2012

@. ! and the I!

International 'rivatestate (oo'eration me(hanisms$ I>P#CI!#llian(e sin(e 2011*Russia re)used, rou'I and as'ers-% La& 'arti(i'ate+

he I!$ ational C%&erse(urit% "trateg% uide$ is not in demandin Russia, as ell as the I! (%&erse(urit% standards

lo&al C%&erse(urit% Culture$ ! # Resolution #?R3"?


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Legall% inding >e(hanisms )or C%&ers'a(eO.8. Demidov

Program Coordinator

PIR Center

Pro'osals

#uthors

Pro'osals o) legall% &inding a(ts

1. Russia

1. Convention on International In)ormation "e(urit% *(on(e't+Presented on 11.2011 *Con)eren(e on C%&ers'a(e+lo&al s(ale as a ! a(tCom'rehensive nature *the triad o) threats the issues o) (%&er sovereignt%+

2. Proe(t o) a universal ! Convention on international (%&er(rime *to &e 'resented'ro&a&l% in "eoul in O(to&er 201+

o 'rovide ne level o) (oo'eration and to avoid the )las o) the uda'estConvention o) Co3

3m&ra(es onl% (riminal segment o) the riad o) threats

2. "CO and its se'aratestates

1. he agreement o) "CO on (oo'eration in the )ield o) ensuring the internationalin)ormation se(urit% signed on ;une 1


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The Tallinn 0an"al %pproach

he International La #''li(a&le to C%&er 4ar)areIssued by CCD COE International Group of Experts on March 28, 201

Adaptation or a new vision of the international law of armed conflict?

"tates ma% not -noingl% allo (%&er in)rastru(ture lo(ated in their territor%

to &e used )or a(ts that adversel% a))e(t other "tates

he "tate itsel) is res'onsi&le )or 'ro6% a(tors a(ting under its dire(tion

he 'rohi&ition on the use o) )or(e in international la a''lies )ull% to (%&er

o'erations. #n% (%&er o'eration that (aused harm to individuals or damage

to o&e(ts Juali)ied as a use o) )or(e

#n atta(- is a (%&er o'eration that (auses inur% or death to individuals or

damage or destru(tion to o&e(ts or hi(h inter)eres ith the )un(tionalit% o)

(%&er in)rastru(ture in a manner that reJuires re'air

Civilian ha(-tivists (ondu(ting (%&er o'erations during an armed (on)li(t

(an &e(ome legitimate targets under (ertain (ir(umstan(es

Chatham House,

London, 07.05.201


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International Criminal Co"rt for

Cyberspace

#n International Criminal Court or ri&unal )or C%&ers'a(e *ICC+!tein !ch"olber#, $or%e#ian &ud#e, 'i#h (e)el Experts Group *'(EG+, I-, Gene)a, Chair.an*200/2008+

A United Nations court of law, established through a Resolution by the Security Council in

accordance with Chapter V of the United Nations Charter

!he idea of international criminal "urisdiction over individuals committing massive and well#

coordinated cyber attac$s, which effectively e%uals to criminal "urisdiction over pro&y actors incyber conflicts 'including state )s state cyber wars with the use of pro&y actors(

!wo areas of "urisdiction)

*+ Core cybercrimes- 'fraud, data interception, forgery, illegal access, etc+(

.+ >assive and (oordinated glo&al (%&er atta(-s against (riti(al in)ormation

In)rastru(tures

o prosecute %hoe)er by destroyin#, da.a#in#, or renderin# unusable criticalco..unications and infor.ation infrastructures, causes substantial and co.prehensi)e

disturbance to the

national security, ci)il defense, public ad.inistration and ser)ices, public health or safety, or

ban3in# and financial ser)ices45

No room for responsibility of a state actor for malicious activities in cyberspace / because of

the attribution problem

Chatham House,

London, 07.05.201


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essons for pace %!enda

#$ 1ilateral cooperation on technical matters on the initial sta!es works

better than attempts to come to a consens"s on a comprehensive le!al

mechanism of !lobal scale

($ O"ter space a!enda has the advanta!e of 2"ite clear attrib"tion of

actions "nlike cyberspace, where it will remain a key st"mblin! block

*$ If the /ro&y %ctors problem remains "nresolved in cyberspace, the

o"ter space re!"lation will also face it in the f"t"re as the private

sector of space will become more diversified and comple&

.$ % ma)or problem of Codes of Cond"ct pro)ects for cyberspace is the lackof compliance and verification mechanisms + which mi!ht be also tr"e

for Codes of Cond"ct for o"ter space in the f"t"re

Chatham House,

London, 07.05.201


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In)ormation on PIR Center 'rogramFInternational In)ormation "e(urit% and lo&al

Internet overnan(eG

net.'ir(enter.orgConta(ts *Oleg Demidov+

demidovK'ir(enter.org

Thank yo" for yo"r attention3

Chatham House,

London, 07.05.201

13-05-07 international norms for cyberspace

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