12th tamil 200 out of 200 (paper 1 & 2) by a.ezhilarasan, · pdf...

m.vopyurd; 1

tPo;tJ ehkhf ,Ue;jhYk;! tho;tJ jkpohf ,Uf;fl;Lk;!!

m.vopyurd;>

KJfiyj; jkpohrpupau;> m.Nk.ep.gs;sp-vyg;ghf;fk;.

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m.vopyurd; 2

I ----y; 6 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. 4 kl;Lk; vOjpdhy; NghJk;.y; 6 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. 4 kl;Lk; vOjpdhy; NghJk;.y; 6 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. 4 kl;Lk; vOjpdhy; NghJk;.y; 6 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. 4 kl;Lk; vOjpdhy; NghJk;. (2 Fwpg;Gfs; kl;Lk;)(2 Fwpg;Gfs; kl;Lk;)(2 Fwpg;Gfs; kl;Lk;)(2 Fwpg;Gfs; kl;Lk;) 4444 x 2222 = 8 8 8 8 1.fk;gupd; ngUikfisr; Rl;Lk; njhlu;fs; ahJ?

• ftpr;rf;futu;j;jp

• fy;tpapy; ngupatu; fk;gu;

• fk;gd; tPl;Lf; fl;Lj;jwpAk; ftpghLk;

• tpUj;jk; vd;Dk; xz;ghtpy; cau; fk;gd;. 2.fk;gu; ,aw;wpa NtW Ehy;fs; ahit?

• Vu; vOgJ

• rpiy vOgJ

• ru];tjp me;jhjp

• rlNfhgu; me;jhjp 3.flTs; tho;j;jhf mike;Js;s ghly; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s EhYk; fsKk; ahit?

• flTs; tho;j;jhf mike;Js;s ghly; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s Ehy; fk;guhkhazk;.

• fsk;: Aj;j fhz;lk;. 4.jkpourp FwtQ;rpapd; ghl;Lilj; jiytDk; jiytpAk; ahtu;?

• jkpourp FwtQ;rpapd; ghl;Lilj; jiytd; Rthkpkiy KUfd;. jiytp jkpourp. 5.jkpourp FwtQ;rp ahu; Ntz;LNfhSf;F ,zq;f ,aw;wg;ngw;wJ?

• jkpourp FwtQ;rp jkpoNts; ckhkNfRtudhu; Ntz;LNfhSf;F ,zq;f ,aw;wg;ngw;wJ. 6.jkpourp FwtQ;rp muq;Nfw;wk; gw;wpf; $Wf.

• jkpourp FwtQ;rp> fue;ij jkpo;r; rq;fj;jpd; nts;sp tpohtpd; nghOJ Qhdpahubfs; jiyikapy; muq;Nfw;wg;gl;lJ.

7.ehkf;fy; ftpQiu khepy muRk;> eLtzuRk; vt;thW ngUikg;gLj;jpd?

• ehkf;fy; ftpQupd; ehl;Lg;gw;iw Nghw;Wk; tifapy; khepy muR> mtiu Kjy; muritf; ftpQuhf epakpj;Jk;> rl;l Nkyit cWg;gpduhf Nju;e;njLj;Jk; ngUikg;gLj;jpaJ.

• eLtzuR gj;k G+\z; tpUjspj;jJ. 8.ehkf;fy; ftpQu; rpiwr;nry;yf; fhuzk; vd;d?

• ehkf;fy; ftpQu; cg;Gr; rj;jpahf;fpufj;jpy; gq;Fngw;wjhy; rpiwr;nry;y Neu;e;jJ. 9.ehNlhWk; vjidg; ghLjy; Ntz;Lk;?

• ‘,/J ,e;jpa ehL> ,/J vkf;Nf cupikahd ehL’ vd;W ehNlhWk; ghLjy; Ntz;Lk;. 10.ehk; Jhq;fpf; fple;jjhy; epfo;e;jJ vd;d?

• ehk; Jhq;fpf; fple;jjhy;> ek; ehl;il cupik nfhz;lhl Kbahj me;epau;fs; te;J ek;ik mbik gLj;jp Ms Neu;e;jJ.

11.ehk; thbajw;Ff; fhuzk; vd;d?

• ek; tho;T kyu cjtkhl;lhu;fsh vd> te;jtiuAk; NghdtiuAk; ek;gpf;nfhz;bUe;jNj ehk; thbajw;Ff; fhuzkhFk;.

12.,j;jpdk; Kjy; ehk; vt;ntz;zj;ijf; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;?

• ,j;jpdk; Kjy; ehk; midtUk; ‘,e;jpa ehL vd;Dil ehnl’d;w vz;zj;ijf; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. 13.GwehDhw;why; mwpag;gLk; nra;jpfs; ahJ?

• rq;fj; jkpou;fspd; tho;f;if Kiw> fyhr;rhuk;> gz;ghL> gof;f tof;fk; Nghd;witAk; gz;ilaf;fhy Nguuru;;fs;> rpw;;wuru;fs;> ts;sy;fs;> tPuu;fs; Nghd;Nwhu;fspd; fy;tp> nfhil> tPuk;> ngUik Nghd;witAk; GwehDhw;why; mwpag;gLk; nra;jpfs; MFk;.

• ,J gz;ilaj; jkpou;fspd; tho;tpay; rpe;jidf; fUT+ykhf jpfo;fpwJ. 14.Gytu; ngUkf;fs; fgpyiu vq;qdk; ghuhl;bAs;sdu;?

• tha;nkhopf;fgpyd;

• ey;ypirf; fgpyd;

• ngha;ah ehtpw; fgpyd;

• GydOf;fw;w me;jzhsd; 15.vl;Lj;njhif Ehy;fs; ahit?

• ew;wpiz> FWe;njhif> Iq;FWEhW> gjpw;Wg;gj;J> gupghly;> fypj;njhif> mfehDhW> GwehDhW. 16.mfehDhW vj;jidg; gFjpfis cilaJ?

• mfehDhW 3 gFjpfshf> 400 ghly;fisf; nfhz;lJ.

• fspw;Wahid epiu - 120 ghly;fs; kzpkpilg;gtsk; - 180 ghly;fs; epj;jpyf;Nfhit - 100 ghly;fs;

17.ntsthypd; Njhw;wj;ijf; $Wf.

• <uk; nghUe;jpaj; Njhiy vz;nzapNy Njha;j;jJ Nghyf; fUikahd rpwFfisf; nfhz;lJ> ntsthy;. 18.kzkfspd; $e;jiyg;Nghy kzg;gJ vJ?


m.vopyurd; 3

• nfhbfspy; glu;e;J fplf;Fk; Ky;iy mUk;Gfs; ,jo; tpupj;jikahy;> kzkfspd; $e;jiyg;Nghy kzk; tPRfpd;wd.

19.jhio ,iyapd; Njhw;wj;ijf; $Wf.

• ,why; kPdpd; Nkw;Gwj;jpidg; Nghd;W RuRug;G nghUe;jpa ngupa mbghfj;ij cilaJ> Rwh kPd;. mjd; nfhk;gpidg; Nghd;W Kl;fisf; nfhz;lJ jhio ,iy.

20.fgpyu; ahu; ahuplk; el;G nfhz;bUe;jhu;?

• guzu;> ,ilf;fhlu;> xsit MfpNahuplk; fgpyu; el;G nfhz;bUe;jhu;. 21.jhdJ ngha;g;gpd; - mJ vd;gJ ahJ?

• mJ vd;gJ fsT kzj;jpd;NghJ> jiytd; jiytpaplk; “cd;idg; gpupNad;> gpupapd; Mw;Nwd;> tpiutpy;

cd;id kzg;Ngd;” vd;W $wpa #Siuiaf; Fwpf;Fk;. 22.itafKk; thdfKk; xg;ghfhJ - vjw;F?

• ehk;> Xu; cjtpAk; nra;ahj epiyapy; xUtu; ekf;Fr; nra;j cjtpf;F ,t;itafKk; thdfKk; nfhLj;jhYk; xg;ghfhJ.

23.epyTyfj;ijtpl kpfg;ngupaJ vJ?

• Mgj;Jf;fhyj;jpy; xUtu; nra;j cjtp kpfr;rpwpajhf ,Ug;gpDk; mJ nra;ag;gl;l fhyj;ij Nehf;Fk;NghJ> mJ epyTyj;ijtpl kpfTk; ngupajhf ,Uf;Fk;.

24.flypd; ngupaJ vJ?

• gaid vjpu;ghuhky; xUtu; nra;j cjtpapd; rpwg;ig Muha;e;J ghu;j;jhy;> mJ flypDk; ngupajhFk;. 25.kwtw;f vdTk;> Jwtw;f vdTk; ts;Stu; vtw;iwf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;?

• Fw;wkw;w ey;ytupd; el;ig kwj;jy; $lhJ. Mgj;Jf;fhyj;jpy; cjtpaupd; el;ig Jwj;jy; $lhJ. 26.vjid kwj;jy; vjdpDk; ed;W?

• gpw nra;j Fw;wj;jpidg; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;Sjiyf; fhl;bYk;> mjid kwj;jy; ed;whFk;. 27.td;ikAs; td;ik vJ?

• mwptpyhu; nra;Ak; tuk;G fle;j Fw;wj;jpidg; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;tJ> td;ikAs; rpwe;j td;ikahFk;. 28.xWj;jhUk; nghWj;jhUk; va;Jtd ahit?

• jkf;F jPq;F nra;jtiu jz;bg;gtu;f;F xUehs; kl;LNk ,d;gk;.

• Mdhy;> mij nghWj;Jf; nfhz;ltu;f;F cyfk; mopAk;tiu Gfopid mspf;Fk;. 29.eLf;fk; jUk; Jd;gk; ahUf;fpy;iy?

• gpd;du; tuf;$ba Jd;gj;ij Kd;dNu mwpe;J jd;idf; fhj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; mwpTilatu;f;F> eLf;fk; jUk; Jd;gk; vd;WNk ,y;iy.

30.tpidj;jpl;gk; vd;gJ ahJ?

• vj;jid ,lu;fs; Vw;gl;lhYk; fyq;fhky;> Nkw;nfhz;l nraiyr; nra;J Kbf;Fk; kdtypikNa tpidj;jpl;gk; MFk;.

31.cUT fz;L vs;shik Ntz;Lk;?

• tbtpy; rpwpa mr;rhzp kpfg;ngupaj; Njiur; nrYj;j cjTk;. mJNghy> tbtpy; rpwpatUk; kpfg;ngupa nraiyr; nra;a ty;ytu;. vdNt cUT fz;L vs;shik Ntz;Lk;.

32.cyfk; ahiu kjpahJ?

• vj;jifa jpl;gj;ij ngw;wpUe;jhYk; tpidj;jpl;gk; ,y;yhjtiu ,t;Tyfk; cau;e;Njhu; vd;W kjpahJ. 33.rpyg;gjpfhuk; czu;j;Jk; %d;W cz;ikfs; ahJ?

• murpay; gpioj;Njhu;f;F mwk; $w;whFk;.

• ciurhy; gj;jpdpia cau;e;Njhu; Vj;Jtu;.

• Co;tpid cUj;Jte;J Cl;Lk;. 34.rpyg;gjpfhuk; Ehy; mikg;ig vOjf.

• rpyg;gjpfhuk; 3 fhz;lk;> 30 fhijfisf; nfhz;lJ.

• Gfhu;f; fhz;lk; - 10 fhijfs; kJiuf; fhz;lk; - 13 fhijfs; tQ;rpf; fhz;lk; - 7 fhijfs;

35.rpyg;gjpfhuk; ngau;f;fhuzk; jUf.

• fz;zfpapd;> fhw;rpyk;gpdhy; tpise;j fij vd;gjhy; rpyg;gjpfhuk; vdg; ngau; ngw;wJ. 36.rpyg;gjpfhuj;Jf;F ciu vOjpatu;fs; ahtu;?

• gioa ciufhuu; : mUk;gj ciufhuu;> mbahu;f;F ey;yhu;.


m.vopyurd; 4

• Gjpa ciufhuu; : e.K.Ntq;flrhkp ehl;lhu;. 37.Re;jufhz;lk; vd ngau;tuf; fhuzk; ahJ?

• Re;jud; vd miof;fg;gl;ltd; mDkd;.

• mDkdpd; mUQ;nray;fis njhFj;Jf; $Wtjhy;> fk;guhkhazj;jpd; 5-tJ fhz;lk;> Re;jufhz;lk; vd miof;fg;gl;lJ.

38.Njk;ghtzp nghUs; jUf.

• Njk;gh + mzp vdg; gpupj;jhy; thlhj khiy vdg; nghUs;gLk;.

• Njd; + gh + mzp vdg; gpupj;jhy; Njd; Nghd;w ghf;fis mzpahf cilaJ vdg; nghUs;gLk;. 39.tPukhKdptupd; ,yf;fpag; gq;fspg;G vj;jifaJ?

• rpw;wpyf;fpak;> ngUq;fhg;gpak;> ciueil> ,yf;fzk;> mfuhjp> nkhopngau;g;G> vdj; jkpo;nkhop tuyhw;wpy; tPukhKdptupd; ,yf;fpag; gq;fspg;G Nghw;WjYf;FupaJ.

40.tPukhKdptupd; nkhopngau;g;Gg; gzpia tpsf;Ff.

• tPukhKdptu;> jpUf;Fwspd; mwj;Jg;ghy;> nghUl;ghy; ,uz;ilAk; ,yj;jPd; nkhopapy; nkhopngau;j;Js;shu;. 41.fpwpj;Jt rkaj;jpd; fiyf;fsQ;rpak; vdg; Nghw;wg;gLk; Ehy; vJ?

• fpwpj;Jt rkaj;jpd; fiyf;fsQ;rpak; vdg; Nghw;wg;gLk; Ehy; Njk;ghtzp. 42.tPukhKdptu; ,aw;wpa Ehy;fs; ahit?

• nre;jkpo; ,yf;fzk;> nfhLe;jkpo; ,yf;fzk;> rJufuhjp> njhd;Dhy; tpsf;fk; Nghd;wit.43.tsd; vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs; ahJ?

• tsd; vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs; tsq;fis tsur; nra;gtd; vd;gjhFk;. 44.tsd; nrdpj;j glyk; ciug;gJ ahJ?

• tsd; vd miof;fg;gl;ltu; #irag;gu;.

• Njk;ghtzpapd; ghl;Lilj; jiytdhfpa #irag;gu;> jhtPjd; mur kugpy; Njhd;wpa tuyhw;iwf; $WtNj tsd; nrdpj;j glykhFk;.

45.fjpiu ehl;L murd;> murpau; ngau;fis vOJf.

• fjpiu ehl;L murdpd; ngau; fjpiuNtyd;. • murp fz;Zf;fpdpahs;.46.Mj;jhf;fpotp ahu;?

• tPug;gdpd; kidtp

• Ntydpd; jha;

• md;dj;jpd; nrtpypj;jha;

• murpapd; Njhop 47.ghz;bad; guprhfpa Ngiof;Fs; ,Ue;jd ahit?

• ghz;bad; guprhfpa Ngiof;Fs; fjpiuehl;bd; cupik rhrdk;> tPuths;> mzpfyd; Nghd;wit ,Ue;jd. 48.md;dk; Ntyidg;gw;wp tpdtpaJ ahJ?

• md;dk; jd;idf; fhj;j Ntyidr; Rl;bf;fhl;b> ,tu; ahu;? vdf; Nfl;lhs;. mtd; Mj;jhf;fpotpapd;

kfd; vd;W mwpe;j gpd;> ‘Nto ehl;lhu; vd;idr; rpiwg;gLj;j te;jNghJ fhj;jtu; ,tu;jhNkh?’ vdf; Nfl;lhs;.

49.fyk;gfk; ngau;f;fhuzk; jUf.

• fyk; (12) + gfk; (6) = fyk;gfk;(18).

• 18 cWg;Gfisf; nfhz;Lg; ghlg;gLtjhy; fyk;gfk; vdg; ngau;ngw;wJ. 50.me;jhjp tpsf;Ff.

• me;jk; + Mjp = me;jhjp.

• ghlypd; filrp vOj;Njh my;yJ nrhy;Nyh mLj;j ghlypd; njhlf;fkhf mikj;Jg;ghLtJ me;jhjp vdg;gLk;.

51.cyh vd;gjpd; nghUs; vd;d?

• cyh vd;gjpd; nghUs; gtdptUjy; vd;gjhFk;.

• ghl;Lj;jiytd; cyh tUjiyg; gw;wp rpwg;ghff; $Wtjhy; ,g;ngau; ngw;wJ. 52.Kf;$lypy; $Lk; MWfs; ahit?

• rpw;whW> Nfhjz;luhk MW> jz;nghUie MW. 53.xl;lf;$j;ju; ngau;f;fhuzk; jUf.

• xl;lk; + $j;ju; = xl;lf;$j;ju;. xl;lk; (ge;jak;) itj;Jg; ghLtjpy; ty;ytu; vd;gjhy; xl;lf;$j;ju; vd miof;fg;gl;lhu;.

• $j;ju; vd;gNj ,aw;ngau;.


m.vopyurd; 5

54.ghNte;ju; ghujpjhrd; ,aw;wpa Ehy;fs; ehd;fpidf; $Wf.

• ,Uz;l tPL • FLk;g tpsf;F • ghz;bad; gupR • mofpd; rpupg;G 55.Nkff;$l;lq;fs; vt;thnwy;yhk; cUtfk; nra;ag;gLfpd;wd?

• jPapd; Fok;Gfs;

• vupAk; jq;fj;jPTfs;

• ePyg;ngha;iffs;

• fupa ngUk; G+jk;

• jq;fj; Njhzpfs;;

• jq;fj; jpkpq;fyq;fs; 56.rpWtu;fSf;F fhfpjf; fg;gy;tpl Xa;tpy;yhjJ Vd;?

• rpWtu;fs;> jk;Kila tWikapypUe;J vg;gb kPs;tJ vdj;njupahJ fz;zPu;flypy; jtpf;fpd;wdu;. mjdhy;> mtu;fSf;F XLk; kio ePupy; fhfpjf; fg;gy;tpl Neukpy;iy.

57.ghujpjhrd; ehnlq;Fk; Gj;jfr;rhiy Ntz;Lk; vd;gjd; fhuzk; ahJ?

• kf;fspilNa md;Gnewp tsuTk;> jd;dyk; xopaTk;> gue;j kdg;ghd;ik Vw;glTk;> cau;e;j vz;zq;fs; Njhd;wplTk; ehnlq;Fk; Gj;jfr; rhiy Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhu; ghujpjhrd;.

58.Njthu %tupd; ngau;fis vOJf.

• mg;gu;> Re;juu;> rk;ge;ju; MfpNahu; Njthu %tu; Mtu;. 59.rpd;dr;rPwh - tpsf;Ff.

• ckWg;Gytu; ,aw;wpa rPwhg;Guhzj;jpy; egpfs; ehafj;jpd; tho;f;if tuyhW Kw;wpYkhf vOjp Kbf;fg;gltpy;iy.

• vdNt> kPjKs;stw;iw gD mFkJ kiuf;fhuu; vOjp Kbj;jhu;.,JNt rpd;dr;rPwh vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ. 60.jk;gpuhd; Njhou; vd miof;fg;gl;ltu; ahu;? fhuzk; ahJ?

• jk;gpuhd; Njhou; vd miof;fg;gl;ltu; Re;juu;.

• rptngUkhd;> Re;juiu jk; Njhouhf Vw;Wf;nfhz;ljhy; jk;gpuhd; Njhou; vd miof;fg;gl;lhu;. 62.vr;.V.fpU\;zg;gps;is ,aw;wpa Ehy;fs; ahit?

• ,ul;rzpa kNdhfuk;> ,ul;rzpaf; Fws;> ,ul;rzpa rka epu;zak;> Nghw;wpj; jpUtfty; Nghd;wit.

1.fk;gu; 1.fk;gu; 1.fk;gu; 1.fk;gu; gw;wpf; Fwpg;G tiuf.gw;wpf; Fwpg;G tiuf.gw;wpf; Fwpg;G tiuf.gw;wpf; Fwpg;G tiuf.

• fk;gu; Nrho ehl;bYs;s jpUtOe;Jhupy;> fp.gp.12k; Ehw;whz;by; gpwe;jhu;. je;ij ngau; Mjpj;ju;. jpUntz;nza; ey;Yhu; rilag;g ts;syhy; Mjupf;fg;gl;lhu;. ftprf;futu;j;jp> fy;tpapy; ngupatu; fk;gu; Nghd;w rpwg;Gg; ngau;fisf; nfhz;ltu;. ru];tjp me;jhjp> rlNfhgu; me;jhjp> Vu; vOgJ Nghd;w Ehy;fis ,aw;wpAs;shu;.

2.fk;gu; 2.fk;gu; 2.fk;gu; 2.fk;gu; ‘ed;Nw ek;gp Fbtho;f;ifed;Nw ek;gp Fbtho;f;ifed;Nw ek;gp Fbtho;f;ifed;Nw ek;gp Fbtho;f;if’ vd tpae;J $Wtjd; eaj;ij tpsf;Ff.vd tpae;J $Wtjd; eaj;ij tpsf;Ff.vd tpae;J $Wtjd; eaj;ij tpsf;Ff.vd tpae;J $Wtjd; eaj;ij tpsf;Ff.

• vy;yh kjj;jtUf;Fk; flTs; xUtNu vd;gjhy; fk;gu; ‘xd;Nw nad;dpd; xd;Nwahk;’ vd;fpwhu;. vdpDk;>

vy;yhTkha; ,Ug;gjhy; ‘gyntd; Wiuf;fpw; gyNtahk;’ vd;fpwhu;.

• #upad; my;yJ re;jpud; Nghd;W ,Ug;ghdh? ,y;iy. Fwpg;gpl;l vg;nghUisg; Nghd;Wk; ,uhd; vd;gjhy;

‘md;Nw nad;dpd; md;Nwahk;’ vd;fpwhu;. #upaidg; Nghd;W Ngnuhsp nfhz;bUg;ghdh? my;yJ

re;jpuidg; Nghd;W jz; vd;W ,Ug;ghdh? vd;nwz;zp> ‘MNk nad;dpd; MNkahk;’ vd;fpwhu;.

• ,iwtd; vd xUtd; ,yd; vd;gjhy; ‘,d;Nw nad;dpd; ,d;Nwahk;’ vd;fpwhu;. ,iwtd; vd;W xUtd;

csd; vd;gjhy;> ‘csnjd; Wiuf;fpd; csNjahk;’ vd;fpwhu;.

• ,t;thW khWgl;l jd;ikfis xUq;Nf nfhz;ltdha; ,iwtd; ,Uj;jyhy;> mtid ‘ed;Nw ek;gp

Fbtho;f;if’ vdf; fk;gu; tpae;Jf; $Wfpwhu;. 3.tujeQ;irag;gps;is vf;fhuzq;fshy; jkpod;idia tho;j;Jtk; vd;fpwhu;?3.tujeQ;irag;gps;is vf;fhuzq;fshy; jkpod;idia tho;j;Jtk; vd;fpwhu;?3.tujeQ;irag;gps;is vf;fhuzq;fshy; jkpod;idia tho;j;Jtk; vd;fpwhu;?3.tujeQ;irag;gps;is vf;fhuzq;fshy; jkpod;idia tho;j;Jtk; vd;fpwhu;?

• jkpou;fs;> ,sikg;gUtj;jpy; Kjd; Kjypy; ehit mirtpj;j nkhop> jkpo;nkhop.

• m/J mtu;fsJ mwpTf;fz;fisj; jpwe;J> cyf eilKiwfisj; njspthf tpsf;fp> fUj;NjhL nghUe;jr; nra;j nkhop.

• jq;fs; vz;zq;fis kw;wtu;f;F mwptpg;gjw;Ff; fUtpaha; ehndd;W Kw;gl;L te;j jpUj;jkhd nkhop.

• gpw nkhopfis fw;f cjtpa tz;ik nghUe;Jk; nkhop. ,f;fhuzq;fshy; jkpod;idia tho;f! tho;f! vd tho;j;JNthk; vd tujeQ;irag;gps;is $Wfpwhu;.

4.,4.,4.,4.,e;jpau; midtUk; vt;ntz;zj;ijf; iff;nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;? Vd;?e;jpau; midtUk; vt;ntz;zj;ijf; iff;nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;? Vd;?e;jpau; midtUk; vt;ntz;zj;ijf; iff;nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;? Vd;?e;jpau; midtUk; vt;ntz;zj;ijf; iff;nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;? Vd;?

• ,/J ,e;jpa ehL> ,/J vkf;Nf cupikahd ehL vd;W ehNlhWk; ghLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

• Vnddpy;> ehk; Jhq;fpf; fple;jjhy;> ek; ehl;il cupik nfhz;lhl Kbahj me;epau;fs; te;J> ek;ik mbikgLj;jp Ms Neu;e;jJ.

II ----y; 5 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. 3 kl;Lk; vOjpdhy; NghJk;.y; 5 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. 3 kl;Lk; vOjpdhy; NghJk;.y; 5 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. 3 kl;Lk; vOjpdhy; NghJk;.y; 5 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. 3 kl;Lk; vOjpdhy; NghJk;. (xt;nthd;wpYk; jyh 4 Fwpg;Gfs; kl;Lk;)(xt;nthd;wpYk; jyh 4 Fwpg;Gfs; kl;Lk;)(xt;nthd;wpYk; jyh 4 Fwpg;Gfs; kl;Lk;)(xt;nthd;wpYk; jyh 4 Fwpg;Gfs; kl;Lk;) 3 3 3 3 x 4 4 4 4 = 12121212


m.vopyurd; 6

• ek; tho;T kyu cjtkhl;lhu;fsh vd ,e;jpau;> te;jtiuAk; NghdtiuAk; ek;gp tho;e;Jnfhz;bUe;j fhyq;fs; kiwe;jd.

• vdNt> ,j;jpdk; Kjy; ehk; midtUk; ‘,e;jpa ehL> vkf;Nf cupikahd ehL’ vd;w vz;zj;ijf; iff;nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.

5.,iwtho;j;Jg; ghlyhy; mwpayhFk; nra;jpfis vOJf.5.,iwtho;j;Jg; ghlyhy; mwpayhFk; nra;jpfis vOJf.5.,iwtho;j;Jg; ghlyhy; mwpayhFk; nra;jpfis vOJf.5.,iwtho;j;Jg; ghlyhy; mwpayhFk; nra;jpfis vOJf.

• ,iwtd; cUtKk;> mUtKk;> mUTUtKk; Mfp vq;Fk; epiwe;jpUf;Fk; guk;nghUs; vd;gijAk;> mg;guk; nghUspd; Jiz nfhz;Nl mjidf; fhzKbAk; vd;w cz;ikiaAk;> mg;guk;nghUs; vq;Fk; vjpYk; CLUtp epw;Fk; ,ay;gpdJ vd;gijAk; mwpayhk;.

• mg;guk;nghUs; ek;ikj; jd; fUizahy; ghJfhj;jhy; kl;LNk ca;a KbAk;. ehNk mwpe;J ca;tJ vd;gJ ,ayhJ. vdNt mt;tpiwtidr; ruz; GFtJ xd;W kl;LNk ehk; nra;aj;jf;fJ MFk;.

6.eupnt&cj; jiyahu; gadpy;yhj KJikAilahiu tpspj;Jf; $Wtdtw;iw vOJf.6.eupnt&cj; jiyahu; gadpy;yhj KJikAilahiu tpspj;Jf; $Wtdtw;iw vOJf.6.eupnt&cj; jiyahu; gadpy;yhj KJikAilahiu tpspj;Jf; $Wtdtw;iw vOJf.6.eupnt&cj; jiyahu; gadpy;yhj KJikAilahiu tpspj;Jf; $Wtdtw;iw vOJf.

• kPdpd; Ks;isg; Nghd;w ntz;ikahd eiukapiuAk;> Njhy; RUq;fpa fd;dj;ijAk; nfhz;l gadpy;yhj

KJikAila rhd;NwhNu! vd tpspj;Jg; gpd;tUkhW $Wfpwhu;; $upa kOthfpa MAjj;ij Ve;jpa typik tha;e;j vkd;> ck; capiu ftu tUk; NghJ ePtPu; tUe;JtPu;. mg;nghOJ tUe;jpg; gadpy;iy. vdNt capUld; thOk; nghONj ey;yJ nra;Aq;fs;. m/J ,ayhjhapd; jPaijr; nra;jiyahtJ iftpLq;fs;. mJNt vy;NyhUk; tpUk;GtJ. mJNt kWikapy; ck;ik ew;fjp Nru;f;Fk; topAkhFk;.

7.tpidNkw;nrd;w jiytdplk; JhJte;j ghzd; njuptpj;j nra;jp ahJ?7.tpidNkw;nrd;w jiytdplk; JhJte;j ghzd; njuptpj;j nra;jp ahJ?7.tpidNkw;nrd;w jiytdplk; JhJte;j ghzd; njuptpj;j nra;jp ahJ?7.tpidNkw;nrd;w jiytdplk; JhJte;j ghzd; njuptpj;j nra;jp ahJ?

• Nju;g;ghfNd! <uk; nghUe;jpaj; Njhiy vz;nzapNy Njha;j;jJ Nghyf; fUikahd rpwFfisf; nfhz;lJ> ntsthy;. mJ kpf cau;e;j kuk; jdpikAw;wpl> khiyapy; goq;fis ehbr; nrd;WtpLk;.

• nfhbfspy; glu;e;J fplf;Fk; Ky;iy mUk;Gfs; ,jo; tpupj;jikahy;> kzkfspd; $e;jiyg;Nghy kzk; tPrp tz;Lf;$l;lk; jk;iktpl;L mfyhJ jLj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,j;jifa Fspu;e;j nrt;tpia cilaJ> fhu;fhyk;.

• nghUs; Njbr;nrd;W> Ntw;W ehl;bYs;s jiytu;f;F ek;kplk; te;jhYk;> thuhJ mq;NfNa ,Ue;jhYk; ,d;gkha; mikAk; NghYk;. mtu; tho;f! vd;W nrhy;yp> jdJ gy ,jo;fisAila jhkiukyu; Nghd;w Fspu;e;j fz;fspd; cs;splnky;yhk; rptf;FkhW mOjOJ Mw;Wtjw;F mupa Jd;gKilats; Mdhs; jiytp vd;W $wpf;nfhz;;L> ghzDk; ehk; tPL jpUk;Gtij tpUk;gpj; Jhjha; te;Js;shd;.

• ehk; vz;zp te;j nraYk; Kbe;Jtpl;lJ. eP> epiwe;j Gy;ypid tpUk;gp cz;fpd;w Fjpiufisg; G+l;b tpiutha;j; Njupidr; nrYj;Jthahf.

8.jiytpiar; re;jpj;Jr; nry;Yk; jiytdplk; 8.jiytpiar; re;jpj;Jr; nry;Yk; jiytdplk; 8.jiytpiar; re;jpj;Jr; nry;Yk; jiytdplk; 8.jiytpiar; re;jpj;Jr; nry;Yk; jiytdplk; Njhop tiuTf; fNjhop tiuTf; fNjhop tiuTf; fNjhop tiuTf; fllllhathathathathhhhw;iw ef;fz;izahu; top tpsf;Ff.w;iw ef;fz;izahu; top tpsf;Ff.w;iw ef;fz;izahu; top tpsf;Ff.w;iw ef;fz;izahu; top tpsf;Ff.

• ,why; kPdpd; Nkw;Gwj;jpidg; Nghd;W RuRug;G nghUe;jpa ngupa mbghfj;ij cilaJ> RwhkPd;. mjd; nfhk;gpid xj;j Kl;fisf; nfhz;lJ jhio ,iy. Mz; ahidapd; nfhk;gpid Nghd;wJ jhio mUk;G. Nkw;fhz;l rpwg;Gfisf; nfhz;l jhioNah> flw;fiu KOtJk; tpoh eilngWk; ,lj;ijg; Nghy vq;Fk; kzj;ij gug;Gk;. mj;jifa typa ePiuAilaJkhd fly; jiytNd> eP cd; CUf;F nry;ytpUf;fpwha;> Mdhy; kPz;Lk; tUtha; vdf; Fwpg;gpl;l me;jr; rpy ehssTk; cdJ gppupthy; capu; tho;e;jpUf;fkhl;lhs; vd;gij ed;fwpe;J nry;thahf!

9.jiytd; tiuT ePl;bj;jtplj;Jj; jiykfs; Njhopf;Fr; nrhy;ypaij tpsf;Ff.9.jiytd; tiuT ePl;bj;jtplj;Jj; jiykfs; Njhopf;Fr; nrhy;ypaij tpsf;Ff.9.jiytd; tiuT ePl;bj;jtplj;Jj; jiykfs; Njhopf;Fr; nrhy;ypaij tpsf;Ff.9.jiytd; tiuT ePl;bj;jtplj;Jj; jiykfs; Njhopf;Fr; nrhy;ypaij tpsf;Ff.

• fsT kzj;jpd;NghJ fz;ltu; vtUk; ,yu;: jiytd; jd;id Cuwpaj; jpUkzk; nra;Jnfhs;shky;

fhyk; jho;j;Jtijf; fz;L tUe;jpaj; jiytp> jd; Njhopaplk; gpd;tUkhW $wpdhs;; Njhop! jiytu; vd;id fstpNy kze;j nghOJ ghu;j;jtu; vtUkpyu;. mq;F vd; eyj;ijf; ftu;e;j fs;tdhfpa

jiytd; kl;LNk vd;DldpUe;jhu;. ‘cd;idg; gpupNad;> gpupapd; Mw;Nwd;. tpiutpy; cd;id kzg;Ngd;’ vd;W $wpa #Siu ngha;ahFk;gb elg;ghuhapd; ehd; vd;d nra;Ntd;........

• FUF $WNkh rhd;W: vq;fs; fsT kzk; epfo;e;j ,lj;jpy; FUF xd;W ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; mJ rhd;W $Wk; jFjpAilaJ md;W. NkYk;> mJ jd; ,iuahfpa Muy;kPd; tUfpwjh vd ghu;j;Jf;nfhz;bUe;jjhy;> jiytuJ #Siuiaf; Nfl;LkpuhJ. MfNt> ,dp ehd; vd;d nra;Ntd;.....

10.ew;wha;> fhf;iff;Fg; ghuha;f;10.ew;wha;> fhf;iff;Fg; ghuha;f;10.ew;wha;> fhf;iff;Fg; ghuha;f;10.ew;wha;> fhf;iff;Fg; ghuha;f;fld; ciuj;jtfld; ciuj;jtfld; ciuj;jtfld; ciuj;jtw;iwg; Gyg;gLj;Jf.w;iwg; Gyg;gLj;Jf.w;iwg; Gyg;gLj;Jf.w;iwg; Gyg;gLj;Jf.

• Fw;wk; rpwpJkpy;yhj rpwfpidf; nfhz;l fupa epwKila fhf;ifNa! Nfs;. eP cd;Dila Ngud;Gkpf;f Rw;wj;NjhL cz;Zk;gb> rpwe;j nghd;dhy; nra;ag;gl;l ghj;jpuj;jpNy> nfhOg;G kpFe;j gr;#d; cztpid> cdf;F gypaha;f; nfhLg;Ngd;. mjw;Ff; ifk;khwha;> mofpa rpythfpa $e;jiyAila jiytpAk; mts; Nju;e;njLj;j jiytDk; vd; ,y;yj;jpw;F tpiue;J tUkhW fiue;jUs Ntz;Lk;.

11.gypf;fld; ciuj;jy; 11.gypf;fld; ciuj;jy; 11.gypf;fld; ciuj;jy; 11.gypf;fld; ciuj;jy; ----tpsf;Ff.tpsf;Ff.tpsf;Ff.tpsf;Ff.

• jiytp jiytNdhL cld;Nghf;if Nkw;f;nfhz;Ltpl;lhs;. mij mwpe;j Ngud;Gkpf;f ew;wha;> jd; kfs;> mts; Nju;e;njLj;j jiytNdhL tPL jpUk;Gjy; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW te;jhy;> mtu;fSf;Fj; jpUkzk; nra;tpj;Jf; fz;Fspuf; fhz Ntz;Lk; vd;W tpUk;Gfpwhs;. MfNt> jiytDk; jiytpAk; jpUk;gp tu


m.vopyurd; 7

ed;dpkpj;jkha;f; fiuAk;gb fhf;ifaplk; ,ue;J Ntz;Lfpwhs;. mt;thW fiue;jhy; fhf;iff;Fg; gypf;fld; jUtjhfTk; $Wfpwhs;.

• ,t;thW> jhd; Ntz;baJ epiwNtWkhdhy; ,d;dJ gilg;Ngd; vdf; flTsiuNah gpwtw;iwNah Ntz;bf; nfhs;tJ ghuha;f;fld; ciuj;jyhFk;.

12.fz;zfpiaf; fz;l Cutu; jpifj;Jf; $wpad ahit?12.fz;zfpiaf; fz;l Cutu; jpifj;Jf; $wpad ahit?12.fz;zfpiaf; fz;l Cutu; jpifj;Jf; $wpad ahit?12.fz;zfpiaf; fz;l Cutu; jpifj;Jf; $wpad ahit?

• vtuhYk; ePf;f Kbahj Jd;gj;jpid ,f;fhupiff;Fr; nra;J> vd;Wk; tisahj nrq;NfhyhdJ tise;jJ. ,/J vd;d fhuzj;jhy; epfo;e;jNjh?

• murDf;nfy;yhk; murDk;> thSk; FilAk; cila Nte;jDkhfpa ghz;badJ murpay; mopTw;wJ. ,/J vd;d fhuzj;jhy; epfo;e;jNjh?

• nrk;nghd;dhy; nra;ag;gl;l rpyk;nghd;wpidf; ifapNy Ve;jpf;nfhz;L> ek;ikf; nfLf;Fk; nghUl;L> ,g;Gjpa nja;tk; ek;kplj;Nj te;J Nru;e;jJ. ,/J vd;d fhuzj;jhy; epfo;e;jNjh?

• kpfTk; Vf;fKw;W Gyk;Gfpd;w ,ts; nja;tj;jd;ik cilats; Mdhs;. ,jdhy; ,dp tpisaf;$baJ ahNjh? vd fz;zfpiaf; fz;l Cutu; jpifj;Jf; $wpdu;.

13.Nfhtyidf; fz;l nghOJ epfo;e;j mw;Gjk; ahJ?13.Nfhtyidf; fz;l nghOJ epfo;e;j mw;Gjk; ahJ?13.Nfhtyidf; fz;l nghOJ epfo;e;j mw;Gjk; ahJ?13.Nfhtyidf; fz;l nghOJ epfo;e;j mw;Gjk; ahJ?

• fztdpd; Jau;fz;L Gyk;gpa fz;zfp> mtdJ jpUj;jq;fpa khu;gpidj; jd; khu;NghL nghUe;JkhW jOtpf;nfhz;lhs;. me;epiyapy; vOe;J epd;w Nfhtyd;> fz;zfpia Nehf;fp> KOkjp Nghd;w cd; Kfk; fd;wpaNj! vd;W jd; thahy; $wp> mtspd; fz;zPiuj; jd; iffshy; Jilj;jhd;.

• mg;nghOJ fz;zfp> Vf;fKw;W epyj;jpNy tpOe;J> jd; fztDila njhoj;jf;f jpUtbfis iffshy; gw;wpf; nfhz;lhs;. mt;tstpy; Nfhtyd; ,t;Tliy tpl;L ePq;fpr; Rtu;f;fk; GFk; nghUl;L vOe;J> Njtu;fs; thOk; thDyfpy; GFe;jhd;.

14.cz;Lnfhy; vd;Dk; Kiwapy; fz;zfp rpde;J $wpait ahit?14.cz;Lnfhy; vd;Dk; Kiwapy; fz;zfp rpde;J $wpait ahit?14.cz;Lnfhy; vd;Dk; Kiwapy; fz;zfp rpde;J $wpait ahit?14.cz;Lnfhy; vd;Dk; Kiwapy; fz;zfp rpde;J $wpait ahit?

• ePjp jtwpa kd;dd; thOk; ,k;kJiuapd;fz;> jhk; nfhz;l fztUila kpFe;j Fw;wq;fis vy;yhk; nghWf;nfhs;fpd;w fw;Gila kfspUk; cs;sdNuh?

• ,g;gjpaplj;Nj> gpwu; ngw;nwLj;j Foe;ijia jd; Foe;ijahf jhq;fp tsu;f;Fk; rhd;NwhUk; cs;sdNuh?

• vd; fhjy; fztid $upa thshy; ntl;ba nrq;Nfhy; tise;j ghz;ba kd;dDila kJiu efupy; nja;tKk; cs;sNjh? vdf; fz;zfp cz;Lnfhy; vd;Dk; Kiwapy; rpde;J $wpdhs;.

15.fizahop15.fizahop15.fizahop15.fizahopiaiaiaiaf; fz;l rPijapd; nray;fs; ahit?f; fz;l rPijapd; nray;fs; ahit?f; fz;l rPijapd; nray;fs; ahit?f; fz;l rPijapd; nray;fs; ahit?

• rPij mDkdplkpUe;J fizahopia thq;fpf;nfhz;lhs;. mJ> tQ;ridAila muf;fu;fsJ efuj;jpw;F te;jjhy; Jha;ik ,oe;Jtpl;ljhf fUjpdhs;. kpFe;j kio Nghd;w jdJ Mde;j fz;zPuhy;> mjid Mapuk; Flq;fisf; nfhz;L jpUkQ;rdk; nra;tJNghy; eidj;J> tUe;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jhNsad;wp vJTk; $wtpy;iy.

• ,isj;jpUe;j mts; tpag;Gw;whNs! my;yhky;> fz;fis %bdhs; my;yy;. gpd; ePz;l ngU%r;Rtpl;lhs;. 16.jhtPjd; Nfhypahj;jpid ntd;wik ahq;qdk;?16.jhtPjd; Nfhypahj;jpid ntd;wik ahq;qdk;?16.jhtPjd; Nfhypahj;jpid ntd;wik ahq;qdk;?16.jhtPjd; Nfhypahj;jpid ntd;wik ahq;qdk;?

• jhtPjd;> Nfhypahj;ijf; flTspd; Jiz nfhz;L tpiutpy; nty;tjha;f; $wp ftiz vLj;jhd;. mtd; ftzpy; fy;iy itj;jijAk;> mf;ftizr; Row;wpaijAk;> fy; tpiue;J nrd;wijAk; xUtUk; fhz;fpyu;.

• mf;fy;yhdJ Nfhypahj;ij ,biag;Nghd;W Ngnuhypia vOg;gpj; jhf;fpaJ. gpd; #upa xsp ,Uis tpyf;fpdhu; Nghy> Nfhypahj; jiuapy; tPo;e;jij midtUk; fz;ldu;. tPo;e;jtdpd; ,Lg;gpNy ,Ue;j thspid cUtp> vd; nja;tj;jpd; typikia czu;f! vd;W Nfhypahj;jpd; ngUe;jiyia nfha;J ntd;whd; jhtPjd;.

17.Nf17.Nf17.Nf17.Nfhypahj;J jhtPjidf;hypahj;J jhtPjidf;hypahj;J jhtPjidf;hypahj;J jhtPjidf; fz;L ntFz;L ciuj;jit ahit?fz;L ntFz;L ciuj;jit ahit?fz;L ntFz;L ciuj;jit ahit?fz;L ntFz;L ciuj;jit ahit?

• FUkhu; Mrp toq;f> $bapUe;Njhu; Muthuk; nra;aj; jd;id vjpu;j;Jg; Nghu;Gupa te;j rpWtdhfpa jhtPjidg; ghu;j;Jf; Nfhypahj;J fLQ;rpdk; nfhz;lhd;.

• NkYk;> mNl rpWtNd! ePah vd;id vjpu;j;Jg; Nghu;Gupa te;Js;sha;? kjahidia vjpu;j;J eha; Nghu;Gupa KbANkh? ehd; Nfhgk; nfhz;L tha;jpwe;J ngU%r;R tpl;lhy;> eP JhR Nghy; Rod;W ,e;j cyfj;Jf;F mg;ghy; nrd;W tPo;tha; vd;W rpde;J $wpdhd;.

18.Ngioia kPl;Lj;jUkhW md;dk; Ntyid vt;thW Ntz;bdhs;?18.Ngioia kPl;Lj;jUkhW md;dk; Ntyid vt;thW Ntz;bdhs;?18.Ngioia kPl;Lj;jUkhW md;dk; Ntyid vt;thW Ntz;bdhs;?18.Ngioia kPl;Lj;jUkhW md;dk; Ntyid vt;thW Ntz;bdhs;?

• md;dk; Ntyidg; ghu;j;J> “ehd;> ,oe;j ghz;bad; gupirj; Njbj; jUthu;f;F vd;idNa jUNtd;” vd;W Kuriwe;J njupj;j nra;jpiaj; jhq;fs; mwpaPNuh? mwpe;Jk; mjw;fhd Kaw;rpia nra;ahky; ,j;jid ehs; tPzhff; fopj;jPNuh? me;j ghz;badhu; mspj;j gupRfs; mlq;fpa Ngiof;Fs;Ns> ek; giftu;fis mopg;gjw;Nfhu; Fwpg;Gk; cz;L. mijj; Njbf;; nfhz;Lte;jhy;> jq;fSf;F ngUk;Gfo; cz;lhFk;. NkYk;> ,e;ehl;bw;Nf nfhil nfhLj;jjhFk; vd;W Ntz;bf;nfhz;lhs;.


m.vopyurd; 8

III ----y; 5 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. 3 kl;Lk; vOjpdhy; NghJk;.y; 5 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. 3 kl;Lk; vOjpdhy; NghJk;.y; 5 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. 3 kl;Lk; vOjpdhy; NghJk;.y; 5 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. 3 kl;Lk; vOjpdhy; NghJk;. (xt;n(xt;n(xt;n(xt;nthd;wpYk; jyh 4 Fwpg;Gfs; kl;Lk;)thd;wpYk; jyh 4 Fwpg;Gfs; kl;Lk;)thd;wpYk; jyh 4 Fwpg;Gfs; kl;Lk;)thd;wpYk; jyh 4 Fwpg;Gfs; kl;Lk;) 3 3 3 3 x 4 4 4 4 = 12121212 1.,uhruhr Nrhodpd; tpy;> ths;> KuR> nfhb> Fil Fwpj;J cyh $Wtd ahit?1.,uhruhr Nrhodpd; tpy;> ths;> KuR> nfhb> Fil Fwpj;J cyh $Wtd ahit?1.,uhruhr Nrhodpd; tpy;> ths;> KuR> nfhb> Fil Fwpj;J cyh $Wtd ahit?1.,uhruhr Nrhodpd; tpy;> ths;> KuR> nfhb> Fil Fwpj;J cyh $Wtd ahit?

• tpy;: ,e;jpuid ntd;wJ. ngUq;fliy tw;WkhW nra;jJ.

• ths;: NkU khiyia ntl;b fhtpupf;F top tpl;lJ. thdpy; njhq;Fk; efuj;ij mopj;jJ.

• KuR: jpiwahff; nfhLf;fg;gl;l flk;g kuj;jhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. Njhw;w kd;du;fspd; jiyapy; kz; Rke;J fhtpupf;F fiu fl;LkhW nra;jJ.

• nfhb: NkUkiyapidj; jhtpr; Rw;wp te;J> Gypnad ,e;jpuidf; nfhz;lJ.

• Fil: cyf kf;fisf; fhf;f Xq;fp cau;e;Js;s> mz;lj;ij xj;J epd;wJ. 2.ngUk2.ngUk2.ngUk2.ngUkhs; ciw jpUNtq;flg;gjp Fwpj;Jg; gps;isg;ngUkhs; Iaq;fhu; $Wtd ahit?hs; ciw jpUNtq;flg;gjp Fwpj;Jg; gps;isg;ngUkhs; Iaq;fhu; $Wtd ahit?hs; ciw jpUNtq;flg;gjp Fwpj;Jg; gps;isg;ngUkhs; Iaq;fhu; $Wtd ahit?hs; ciw jpUNtq;flg;gjp Fwpj;Jg; gps;isg;ngUkhs; Iaq;fhu; $Wtd ahit?

• ngUkhshfpa jpUkhy; vOe;jUsp tho;fpd;w kiy> jpUNtq;fpl khiy. m/J rptngUkhDk;> gpuk;kDk;> ,e;jpuDk;> gy rhj;jpuq;fis MuhAk; Kdptu;fSk;> Njtu;fSk; fhiyAk; khiyAk; fz;L mwptpy; itj;Jg; Nghw;WjYf;Fupa kiyahFk;.

• NkYk; cyfj;jpy; cs;s vy;yhg; nghUSkhfTk;> mtw;wpd; cw;gj;jpf;F fhuzkhfTk;> ey;y jhahfTk;> je;ijahfTk;> Mjpg; ngUe;nja;tkhfTk;> tpsq;Fk; ngUkhs; vOe;jUspAs;s kiyahFk;.

3.jiytp> Nkfj;jplk; nkhope;J $wpa JhJ nkhopfs; ahJ?3.jiytp> Nkfj;jplk; nkhope;J $wpa JhJ nkhopfs; ahJ?3.jiytp> Nkfj;jplk; nkhope;J $wpa JhJ nkhopfs; ahJ?3.jiytp> Nkfj;jplk; nkhope;J $wpa JhJ nkhopfs; ahJ?

• nre;jhkiu kyu; Nghd;w jpUf;fz; tsu;fpd;w jpUkhiyg; Nghy> nghjpa kiyapd; gf;fq;fspy; jq;fpapUf;fpd;w Nkfq;fNs NfSq;fs;!.

• mofpa ,se;jpq;fSk;> ,iuiaj; NjLfpd;w Fapypd; FQ;Rk; vdJ capiu thapypl;Lg; Grpj;jyhy; ahd; xopfpNwd; vd;gij NkUkiyapYk; fapyha kiyapYk; nghjpa kiyapYk; vOe;jUspapUg;gtUk;> jlhjif gpuhl;bahupd; fztUkhfpa kJiur; NrhkRe;jug; ngUkhdplk; nrd;W Gfy;tPu;fshf.

4.Njd;fiu ehl;bd; tsk; Fwpj;J Kf;$lw;gs;S ciug;gdtw;iw vOJf.4.Njd;fiu ehl;bd; tsk; Fwpj;J Kf;$lw;gs;S ciug;gdtw;iw vOJf.4.Njd;fiu ehl;bd; tsk; Fwpj;J Kf;$lw;gs;S ciug;gdtw;iw vOJf.4.Njd;fiu ehl;bd; tsk; Fwpj;J Kf;$lw;gs;S ciug;gdtw;iw vOJf.

• ,q;F fLikaha;f; fha;tJ #upaf; fpuzq;fNs> eLepiyahsu;fs; xUnghOJk; fha;tJ fpilahJ.

• fyq;fp epiy FiytJ japu;f;fz;lq;fNs> kf;fspd; kdq;fs; fyq;fpajpy;iy.

• kha;e;J xoptJ ehopifAk; thuKNk> ,sikapy; ,wg;gtu; vtUkpyu;.

• fyq;fpr; RoptJ nts;sk; kl;LNk> gpw ehl;Lg;gilfs; GFe;J Ropj;J fyf;FtJ ,y;iy.

• jtrpfNs jdpj;jpUg;gu;> ,y;ywj;jhu; jdpj;jpUg;gjpy;iy.

• ed;F Kw;wpa nre;ney; kl;LNk rhAk;> kf;fs; NehAw;W rha;tjpy;iy.

• re;jdf;fl;ilfs;jhd; ciuj;Jiuj;Jj; NjAk;> md;dk; Nghd;w ngz;fs; JhJiuj;J Nja;tjpy;iy. 5.Rtbr;rhiyapy; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba Ehy;fs; ahit?5.Rtbr;rhiyapy; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba Ehy;fs; ahit?5.Rtbr;rhiyapy; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba Ehy;fs; ahit?5.Rtbr;rhiyapy; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba Ehy;fs; ahit?

• gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; ,Ug;gJNghy> jkpo; nkhopapy; vOjg;gl;l gy;Jiw rhu;e;j Ehy;fs; midj;Jk; Ehyfq;fspy; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

• jkpo; nkhopapy; ,y;yhj gpwnkhop Ehy;fs; midj;Jk; jkpo;nkhopapy; ngau;j;J itj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

• nre;jkpopy; vOjg;gl;l mKjk; Nghd;w ftpijfSk; ciueilfSk; cldpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

• ,itaidj;Jk; ngUkstpy; Nrfupj;Jj; Jiwthupahfg; gpupj;J mLf;fp itj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 6.ctikf; ftpQu; Rujh vt;nttw;iwr; rpf;fdk; vd gl;baypl;Ls;shu;?6.ctikf; ftpQu; Rujh vt;nttw;iwr; rpf;fdk; vd gl;baypl;Ls;shu;?6.ctikf; ftpQu; Rujh vt;nttw;iwr; rpf;fdk; vd gl;baypl;Ls;shu;?6.ctikf; ftpQu; Rujh vt;nttw;iwr; rpf;fdk; vd gl;baypl;Ls;shu;?

• ciueilapd; rpf;fdk; ftpij> czu;r;rpfspd; rpf;fdk; mlf;fkhFk;.

• fhjypd; rpf;fdk; ngz;zpd; ehzk;> khspifapd; rpf;fdk; FbirahFk;.

• cupikfspd; rpf;fdk; rl;ljpl;lk;> czTfspd; rpf;fdk; gq;fPlhFk;.

• murpaypd; rpf;fdk; ,uz;Nl fl;rp> mDgtj;jpd; rpf;fdk; ePjp Ehy;fs;. 7.rpf;fdj;jpdhy; tUk; gad;fs; ahit?7.rpf;fdj;jpdhy; tUk; gad;fs; ahit?7.rpf;fdj;jpdhy; tUk; gad;fs; ahit?7.rpf;fdj;jpdhy; tUk; gad;fs; ahit?

• rpf;fdj;NjhL tho;e;jhy; rPNuhLk; rpwg;NghLk; tpsq;fyhk;.

• rpf;fdk; eP&w;iwg; Nghy njhlu;e;J gadspf;Fk;.

• rpf;fdj;NjhL tho;gtu;f;F Vw;gLk; Jd;gnky;yhk;> ghwhq;fy;kPJ tpOk; kioePu;g; Nghy tpyfp XLk;.

• rpf;fdk; jhd; xUtUf;Fupa rpwe;j nrhj;jhFk;. 8.FyNrfu Mo;thu; Ntz;LtJk; Ntz;lhjJ ahit?8.FyNrfu Mo;thu; Ntz;LtJk; Ntz;lhjJ ahit?8.FyNrfu Mo;thu; Ntz;LtJk; Ntz;lhjJ ahit?8.FyNrfu Mo;thu; Ntz;LtJk; Ntz;lhjJ ahit?

• Ntz;LtJ: Njd; epiwe;j kyu;Nrhiyfs; #o;e;j> jpUNtq;fplr;Ridapy; ePe;Jfpd;w kPdha; gpwf;fpd;w tpjpia mUs Ntz;Lk;.

• Ntz;lhjJ: Njt kq;iffs; #o;e;j thDyf ,e;jpu gjtpAk;> kz;Zyf murhl;rpAk;> nry;tKk; Ntz;Nld; vdf; $Wfpwhu;.


m.vopyurd; 9

9.rpYitapy; gupj;jpahfk; nra;j ngUkhidf; fpU9.rpYitapy; gupj;jpahfk; nra;j ngUkhidf; fpU9.rpYitapy; gupj;jpahfk; nra;j ngUkhidf; fpU9.rpYitapy; gupj;jpahfk; nra;j ngUkhidf; fpU\\\\;zg;gps;is vt;thW mQ;ryp nra;fpwhu;?;zg;gps;is vt;thW mQ;ryp nra;fpwhu;?;zg;gps;is vt;thW mQ;ryp nra;fpwhu;?;zg;gps;is vt;thW mQ;ryp nra;fpwhu;?

• ,NaR> fd;dpj;jd;ik mopahj kupahspd; kfdha; ,e;j cyfj;jpy; Njhd;wp> epiyngw;w ,t;Tyfpy; thOk; kf;fs; midtUk; tPLNgw;wpid milAk; nghUl;Lj; jk; capiug; gypaha;r; rpYitapy; nfhLj;jhu;. ,j;jifa vd; topgL flTis> ,UiffisAk; jiyNky; $g;gpj; njhONthkhf.

10.eapdhu; gjj;Jizia ehtpy; itj;Jg; Nghw;Wgtu; milaj;jf;fdthf 10.eapdhu; gjj;Jizia ehtpy; itj;Jg; Nghw;Wgtu; milaj;jf;fdthf 10.eapdhu; gjj;Jizia ehtpy; itj;Jg; Nghw;Wgtu; milaj;jf;fdthf 10.eapdhu; gjj;Jizia ehtpy; itj;Jg; Nghw;Wgtu; milaj;jf;fdthf ckWg;Gytu; $Wtd ahit?ckWg;Gytu; $Wtd ahit?ckWg;Gytu; $Wtd ahit?ckWg;Gytu; $Wtd ahit?

• cyfpy; mikjp gutpl> epiwe;j rd;khu;f;f newpfs; nfhz;l Ntjq;fs; ehd;Fk;> tpsf;fk; nra;aj;jf;f xspg;gpok;ghfj; Njhd;wpatu; egpfs; ehafk;. mtu;> moF nghUe;jpa nghd;Dyj;jpd; jiytu; Mthu;.

• md;dhupd; jpUtbfisg; gw;Wf;Nfhlhf ehtpy; itj;Jg; Nghw;Wgtu;fs;> Gytu;fshy; Gfo;e;J ghLk; rpwg;gpidAk; kpFe;j Qhdj;ijAk; milthu;fs;. NkYk; kdf;fyf;fk; ePq;fp> nrtp Fspu

cz;ikg;nghUshd flTisAk; mwptu;. kdj;jpdpy; Njhd;Wk; jPa vz;zq;fis ePf;fpLtu;.

IV ----y; 3 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. 1y; 3 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. 1y; 3 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. 1y; 3 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. 1 kl;Lk; vOjpdhy; NghJk;.kl;Lk; vOjpdhy; NghJk;.kl;Lk; vOjpdhy; NghJk;.kl;Lk; vOjpdhy; NghJk;. 1111 x 8 8 8 8 = 8888 1.nra;e;ed;wpawpjy; gw;wp ts;Stu; $wpatw;iw1.nra;e;ed;wpawpjy; gw;wp ts;Stu; $wpatw;iw1.nra;e;ed;wpawpjy; gw;wp ts;Stu; $wpatw;iw1.nra;e;ed;wpawpjy; gw;wp ts;Stu; $wpatw;iwj;j;j;j; njhFj;Jf; $Wf.njhFj;Jf; $Wf.njhFj;Jf; $Wf.njhFj;Jf; $Wf.

• ehk;> Xu; cjtpAk; nra;ahj epiyapy; xUtu; ekf;Fr; nra;j cjtpf;F ,t;itafKk; thdfKk; nfhLj;jhYk; xg;ghfhJ.

nra;ahky; nra;j cjtpf;F itafKk; thdfKk; Mw;wy; mupJ

• Mgj;Jf;fhyj;jpy; xUtu; nra;j cjtp kpfr;rpwpajhf ,Ug;gpDk;> mJ nra;ag;gl;l fhyj;ij Nehf;Fk;nghOJ> mJ epyTyj;ijtpl kpfg; ngupajhf ,Uf;Fk;.

fhyj;jpdhw; nra;j ed;wp rpwpnjdpDk; Qhyj;jpd; khzg; ngupJ

• gaid vjpu;ghuhky; xUtu; nra;j cjtpapd; rpwg;ig Muha;e;Jg; ghu;j;jhy;> mJ flypDk; ngupajhFk;. gad;Jhf;fhu; nra;j cjtp ead;Jhf;fpd; ed;ik flypd; ngupJ

• xUtu; jpidasT rpwpa cjtp nra;jhYk;> mr;rpwpa cjtpiag; ngw;wtu; mjd; gaid Muha;e;J ghu;j;J> mjidg; gidasT ngupa cjtpnad;W Nghw;Wthu;.

jpidj;Jiz ed;wp nrapDk; gidj;Jizahff; nfhs;thu; gad;njup thu;.

• xUtu; nra;Ak; cjtpapd; msT vd;gJ mjd; kjpg;igg; nghWj;jJ my;y> cjtp ngWgtupd; gz;igg; nghWj;jJ.

cjtp tiuj;jd; Wjtp cjtp nrag;gl;lhu; rhy;gpd; tiuj;J

• Fw;wkw;w ey;ytupd; el;ig kwj;jy; $lhJ. Mgj;Jf;fhyj;jpy; cjtpaupd; el;ig Jwj;jy; $lhJ. kwtw;f khrw;whu; Nfz;ik Jwtw;f Jd;gj;Js; Jg;ghahu; el;G

• Jd;g fhyj;jpy; cjtpatupd; el;ig> gpd; vof;$ba VO gpwtpfspYk; kwj;jy; $lhJ. vOik vOgpwg;Gk; cs;Stu; jq;fz; tpOke; Jilj;jtu; el;G

• gpwu;> ekf;F nra;j jPikia clNd kwg;gJ mwkhFk;.Mdhy;> xUtu; nra;j ed;wpia kwg;gJ mwkhfhJ. ed;wp kwg;gJ ed;wd;W ed;wy;y jd;Nw kwg;gJ ed;W

• vj;jifa mwq;fis mopj;jtDf;Fk; mg;ghtj;jpy; ,Ue;J ePq;f topAz;L. Mdhy; xUtu; nra;j cjtpia kwe;jtDf;F mg;ghtj;jpy; ,Ue;J ePq;f topapy;iy.

ve;ed;wp nfhd;whu;f;Fk; ca;Tz;lhk; ca;tpy;iy nra;ed;wp nfhd;w kfw;F

2.nghiwAilik vd;Dk; mjpfhuk; ntspg;gLj;Jk; fUj;J2.nghiwAilik vd;Dk; mjpfhuk; ntspg;gLj;Jk; fUj;J2.nghiwAilik vd;Dk; mjpfhuk; ntspg;gLj;Jk; fUj;J2.nghiwAilik vd;Dk; mjpfhuk; ntspg;gLj;Jk; fUj;Jf;f;f;f;fisj; njhFj;njOJf.fisj; njhFj;njOJf.fisj; njhFj;njOJf.fisj; njhFj;njOJf. nghiwAilikapd; rpwg;G:

• G+kp jd;id Njhz;Lgtu;fis vg;gb nghWj;Jf; nfhs;fpwNjh> mNj Nghy jd;id ,fo;gtu;fisAk; ehk; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;.

mfo;thiuj; jhq;Fk; epyk;Nghyj; jk;ik ,fo;thu;g; nghWj;jy; jiy

• mwptpyhu; nra;Ak; tuk;G fle;j Fw;wj;jpidg; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;tJ> td;ikAs; rpwe;j td;ikahFk;. ,d;ikA spd;ik tpUe;njhuhy; td;ikAs; td;ik klthu;g; nghiw


m.vopyurd; 10

• gpwu; nra;j Fw;wj;jpidg; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;Sjiyf; fhl;bYk;> kwj;jy; ed;whFk;. gpwu; nra;jd nghWj;jy;:

• jkf;F jPq;F nra;jtiu jz;bg;gtu;f;F xUehs; kl;LNk ,d;gk;. Mdhy;> mij nghWj;Jf; nfhz;ltu;f;F cyfk; mopTk;tiu Gfopid mspf;Fk;.

xWj;jhu;f;F nfhUehis ,d;gk; nghWj;jhu;f;Fg; nghd;We; JizAk; Gfo;

• jkf;F jPq;F nra;jtu;fSf;F jz;lid toq;Fgtu;fis rhd;Nwhu; kjpahu;. nghWj;Jf; nfhz;ltiu nghd; Nghy; kdjpNy itj;Jg; Nghw;Wtu;.

xWj;jhiu nahd;whf itahNu itg;gu; nghWj;jhiug; nghd;Nghw; nghjpe;J

• xUtu; fu;tj;jhy; jkf;F jPq;F nra;jhYk; mtiu jhk; jk; nghWikahy; nty;Yjy; Ntz;Lk;. nfhLe;nrhw;fisg; nghWj;jy;:

• gpwu; $Wk; nfhLQ;nrhw;fisg; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;gtu; Jwtpau;fisf; fhl;bYk; Jha;ik cilatu;.

• cz;zhJ Nehw;ghupDk; gpwu; $Wk; ,d;dhr; nrhy;iyg; nghWg;gtu; ,t;TyfpDk; Nkk;gl;ltu;. 3.mwpTilik vd;Dk; mjpfhuj;jpy; njuptpf;fg;gl;Ls;s nra;jpfisj; njhFj;Jf; $Wf.3.mwpTilik vd;Dk; mjpfhuj;jpy; njuptpf;fg;gl;Ls;s nra;jpfisj; njhFj;Jf; $Wf.3.mwpTilik vd;Dk; mjpfhuj;jpy; njuptpf;fg;gl;Ls;s nra;jpfisj; njhFj;Jf; $Wf.3.mwpTilik vd;Dk; mjpfhuj;jpy; njuptpf;fg;gl;Ls;s nra;jpfisj; njhFj;Jf; $Wf. mwptpd; rpwg;G:

• mwpT> mopT Neuhky; Kd;dwpe;J fhf;Fk; fUtpahFk;. mJ> giftuhYk; mopf;f Kbahj muZkhFk;. mwptw;wq; fhf;Fk; fUtp nrWthu;f;Fk; cs;sopf;f yhfh muz;

mwptpd; ,yf;fzk;:

• kdij jPa topapy; ,Ue;J tpyf;fp ey;y topapy; nrYj;JtNj mwpthFk;. nrd;w ,lj;jhw; nrytplh jPnjhuP, ed;wpd;gh Ya;g;gJ mwpT

• ve;jr; nra;jpia vtu; $wf; Nfl;lhYk; mr;nra;jpapd; cz;ikia Muha;e;J fhz ty;yNj mwpthFk;. vg;nghUs; ahu;ahu;tha;f; Nfl;gpDk; mg;nghUs; nka;g;nghUs; fhz;g jwpT

• gpwu; Vw;wf;nfhs;Sk; tifapy; mupa fUj;Jf;fisf; $WjYk;> gpwu; $wpa fUj;Jf;fspy; ,Ue;J Ez;nghUs; fhz;gJk; mwpTilahupd; nrayhFk;.

vz;nghUs thfr; nryr;nrhy;ypj; jhd;gpwu;tha; Ez;nghUs; fhz;g jwpT

• cau;e;jtNuhL el;G nfhz;L> me;j el;gpy; tsu;jYk; Nja;jYk; ,y;yhky; ,Ug;gNj rpwe;j mwpthFk;. cyfe; joP,a njhl;gk; kyu;jYq; $k;gY kpy;y jwpT

mwpTilahu;f;Fj; Jd;gkpy;iy:

• gpd;du; tuf;$ba Jd;gj;ij Kd;dNu mwpe;J jd;idf; fhj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; mwpTilatu;f;F eLf;fk; jUk; Jd;gk; vd;WNk ,y;iy.

mwpTilahupd; cilik:

• VJkpy;yhjtupDk; mwpTilahu; vy;yhk; cilahu;. vy;yhk; cilatuhapDk; mwptpyhu; xd;Wk; ,y;yhjtu;.

mwpTilahu; vy;yh Kilahu; mwptpyhu; vd;Dila NuD kpyu;

4.tpidj;jpl;gk; gw;wp ts;Stu; $Wk; nra;jpfis njhFj;Jf; $Wf.4.tpidj;jpl;gk; gw;wp ts;Stu; $Wk; nra;jpfis njhFj;Jf; $Wf.4.tpidj;jpl;gk; gw;wp ts;Stu; $Wk; nra;jpfis njhFj;Jf; $Wf.4.tpidj;jpl;gk; gw;wp ts;Stu; $Wk; nra;jpfis njhFj;Jf; $Wf.

• vj;jid ,lu;fs; Vw;gl;lhYk; fyf;fk; milahky;> jhd; Nkw;nfhz;l nraiyr; nra;J Kbf;Fk; kdtypikNa tpidj;jpl;gk; MFk;.

• jdf;F Neuf;$ba ,ilA+Wfis Kd;Ng mwpe;J tpyFjYk;> ,ilA+Wfs; Vw;gl;lhy; kdk; fyq;fhky; NghuhLjYk; tpidj;jpl;gj;jpd; $Wfs; MFk;.

• gpwuhy; nra;a Kbahj mupa nray;fisAk; vd;dhy; nra;a KbAk; vdf; $Wjy; midtUf;Fk; vspJ. Mdhy;> nrhy;ypatz;zk; nra;jy; vd;gJ mupjpYk; mupJ.

• xU nraiy ntw;wpfukhf nra;J Kbf;f KbAk; vd;w tpidj;jpl;gk; ahuplj;jpy; cz;Nlh> mtu; vz;zpatw;iw vz;zpathW nra;J Kbg;ghu;.

• tbtpy; rpwpa mr;rhzp kpfg;ngupa Njiur; nrYj;Jk;. mNjNghy;> tbtpy; rpwpatUk; kpfg;ngupa nraiyr; nra;a ty;ytu;. vdNt cUT fz;L vs;sy; $lhJ.

• nra;aj; Jzpe;j nraypy; fhy ePl;bg;Gk;> rypg;Gk; ,d;wp nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.


m.vopyurd; 11

• vj;jifa jpl;gj;ijg; ngw;wpUe;jhYk; tpidj;jpl;gk; ,y;yhjtiu ,t;Tyfk; cau;e;Njhu; vd;W kjpahJ.

• epidj;jtw;iw epidj;jthW nra;J Kbf;Fk; mikr;ruJ tpidj;jpl;gk;> murDf;F rpwg;ig cz;lhf;FNkahdhy; kf;fshy; Nghw;wg;gLk;.

V ----y; 2 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. 1 kl;Lk; vOjpdhy; NghJk;. y; 2 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. 1 kl;Lk; vOjpdhy; NghJk;. y; 2 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. 1 kl;Lk; vOjpdhy; NghJk;. y; 2 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. 1 kl;Lk; vOjpdhy; NghJk;. ((((,g;gFjpapy; xU ghlypd; tupiaf; nfhLj;J 4 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;,g;gFjpapy; xU ghlypd; tupiaf; nfhLj;J 4 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;,g;gFjpapy; xU ghlypd; tupiaf; nfhLj;J 4 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;,g;gFjpapy; xU ghlypd; tupiaf; nfhLj;J 4 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;.4 .4 .4 .4 x 1 1 1 1 = 4444)))) 1.1.1.1. ey;yJ nra;j yhw;wP uhapDk;> my;yJ nra;j Nyhk;Gkpd;ey;yJ nra;j yhw;wP uhapDk;> my;yJ nra;j Nyhk;Gkpd;ey;yJ nra;j yhw;wP uhapDk;> my;yJ nra;j Nyhk;Gkpd;ey;yJ nra;j yhw;wP uhapDk;> my;yJ nra;j Nyhk;Gkpd;

m. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s Ehy;? GwehDhW. M. ,g;ghlypd; Mrpupau;? eupnt&cj;jiyahu;. ,. ,g;ghlypy; gapd;W te;Js;s jpiz? nghJtpay; jpiz. <. nghUs;: ey;yJ nra;atpy;iy vd;whYk; jPaij nra;ahky; ,Ug;gJ ey;yJ.

2.2.2.2. neLe;Nju; Cu;kjp tyt> Kbe;jd;W mk;kehk; Kd;dpa tpidNaneLe;Nju; Cu;kjp tyt> Kbe;jd;W mk;kehk; Kd;dpa tpidNaneLe;Nju; Cu;kjp tyt> Kbe;jd;W mk;kehk; Kd;dpa tpidNaneLe;Nju; Cu;kjp tyt> Kbe;jd;W mk;kehk; Kd;dpa tpidNa m. ahu; ahuplk; $wpaJ? jiytd; Nju;g;ghfdplk; $wpaJ. M. tyt vd Fwpf;fg;gLgtd; ahu;? Nju;g;ghfd;. ,. ,g;ghlypd; Mrpupau; ahu;? kJiu ks;sdhu;. <. Kbe;jd;W vdf;$wg;gl;lJ vJ? ehk; vz;zpte;j nray;.

3.3.3.3. Gy;yhu; Gutp ty;tpiue;J G+l;b> neLe;Nju; Cu;kjp tytGy;yhu; Gutp ty;tpiue;J G+l;b> neLe;Nju; Cu;kjp tytGy;yhu; Gutp ty;tpiue;J G+l;b> neLe;Nju; Cu;kjp tytGy;yhu; Gutp ty;tpiue;J G+l;b> neLe;Nju; Cu;kjp tyt m. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s Ehy;? mfehDhW. M. ,g;ghlypd; Mrpupau;? kJiu ks;sdhu;. ,. ahu; ahuplk; $wpaJ? jiytd; Nju;g;ghfdplk; $wpaJ. <. Gy;yhu; Gutp vd;gJ ahJ? Gy;iy epuk;gj; jpd;w Fjpiu.

4.4.4.4. tUitahfpa rpd;dhs; thoh shjy;> ew;fwpe;jid nrd;NktUitahfpa rpd;dhs; thoh shjy;> ew;fwpe;jid nrd;NktUitahfpa rpd;dhs; thoh shjy;> ew;fwpe;jid nrd;NktUitahfpa rpd;dhs; thoh shjy;> ew;fwpe;jid nrd;Nk

m. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s Ehy;? ew;wpiz. M. ,g;ghlypd; Mrpupau;? ef;fz;izahu;. ,. ahu; $w;W? Njhopapd; $w;W. <. ahuplk; $wg;gl;lJ? Gzu;e;J ePq;fpa jiytdplk; $wg;gl;lJ.

5.5.5.5. ahUkpy;iy jhNd fs;td;> jhdJ ngha;g;gpd; ahndtd; nra;NfhahUkpy;iy jhNd fs;td;> jhdJ ngha;g;gpd; ahndtd; nra;NfhahUkpy;iy jhNd fs;td;> jhdJ ngha;g;gpd; ahndtd; nra;NfhahUkpy;iy jhNd fs;td;> jhdJ ngha;g;gpd; ahndtd; nra;Nfh m. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s Ehy;? FWe;njhif. M. ,g;ghlypd; Mrpupau;? fgpyu;. ,. ahu; ahuplk; $wpaJ? jiykfs; Njhopf;F $wpaJ. <. fs;td; vdf; Fwpf;fg;gl;ltd; ahu;? jiytd;.

6.6.6.6. xOF ePu; Muy; ghu;f;Fk;> FUFKz;L jhd; kze;j Qhd;NwxOF ePu; Muy; ghu;f;Fk;> FUFKz;L jhd; kze;j Qhd;NwxOF ePu; Muy; ghu;f;Fk;> FUFKz;L jhd; kze;j Qhd;NwxOF ePu; Muy; ghu;f;Fk;> FUFKz;L jhd; kze;j Qhd;Nw m. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s Ehy;? FWe;njhif. M. ,g;ghlypd; Mrpupau;? fgpyu;. ,. ahu; ahuplk; $wpaJ? jiykfs; Njhopf;F $wpaJ. <. FUF vdf; Fwpf;fg;gLtJ? ehiu.

7.7.7.7. ntQ;rpd tpwy;Ntw;ntQ;rpd tpwy;Ntw;ntQ;rpd tpwy;Ntw;ntQ;rpd tpwy;Ntw; fhisnah> lQ;rp Nyhjpia tuf;fiue; jPNkfhisnah> lQ;rp Nyhjpia tuf;fiue; jPNkfhisnah> lQ;rp Nyhjpia tuf;fiue; jPNkfhisnah> lQ;rp Nyhjpia tuf;fiue; jPNk m. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s Ehy;? Iq;FWEhW. M. ,g;ghlypd; Mrpupau;? Xjyhe;ijahu;. ,. ahu; ahuplk; $wpaJ? ew;wha; fhf;iff;F $wpaJ. <. mQ;rpNyhjp ahu;? mofpa rpythfpa $e;jiy cila jiytp.

8.8.8.8. nrk;nghw; rpyk;nghd;W ifNae;jp ek;ngnrk;nghw; rpyk;nghd;W ifNae;jp ek;ngnrk;nghw; rpyk;nghd;W ifNae;jp ek;ngnrk;nghw; rpyk;nghd;W ifNae;jp ek;nghUl;lhy;> tk;gg; ngUe;nja;tk; te;jJ ,Jntd;nfhy;?hUl;lhy;> tk;gg; ngUe;nja;tk; te;jJ ,Jntd;nfhy;?hUl;lhy;> tk;gg; ngUe;nja;tk; te;jJ ,Jntd;nfhy;?hUl;lhy;> tk;gg; ngUe;nja;tk; te;jJ ,Jntd;nfhy;? m. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s Ehy;? rpyg;gjpfhuk;. M. ,g;ghlypd; Mrpupau;? ,sq;Nfhtbfs;. ,. ahu; $w;W? kJiu kf;fspd; $w;W. <. tk;gg; ngUe;nja;tk; ahu;? fz;zfp.

9.9.9.9. jPjW ey;cijPjW ey;cijPjW ey;cijPjW ey;ciu Nfsh njhopNyNtdy;> Nehjf;f nrau Nfsh njhopNyNtdy;> Nehjf;f nrau Nfsh njhopNyNtdy;> Nehjf;f nrau Nfsh njhopNyNtdy;> Nehjf;f nra; jhs;; jhs;; jhs;; jhs; m. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s Ehy;? rpyg;gjpfhuk;. M. ,g;ghlypd; Mrpupau;? ,sq;Nfhtbfs;. ,. ahu; ahuplj;jpy; $wpaJ? fz;zfp Cu; kf;fsplk; $wpaJ. <. Nehjf;f vd;gjd; nghUs;? tUe;jj;jf;f.

10.10.10.10. myq;Fjz; NrhiyGf;Nfd;> mt;top mzq;fd; dhisf; fyq;F njz; biuapw; wha fz;zpdPu;f; myq;Fjz; NrhiyGf;Nfd;> mt;top mzq;fd; dhisf; fyq;F njz; biuapw; wha fz;zpdPu;f; myq;Fjz; NrhiyGf;Nfd;> mt;top mzq;fd; dhisf; fyq;F njz; biuapw; wha fz;zpdPu;f; myq;Fjz; NrhiyGf;Nfd;> mt;top mzq;fd; dhisf; fyq;F njz; biuapw; wha fz;zpdPu;f; flypy; fz;Nld;flypy; fz;Nld;flypy; fz;Nld;flypy; fz;Nld;

m. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s Ehy;? fk;guhkhazk;. M. ahu; ahuplj;jpy; $wpaJ? mDkd; ,uhkdplk; $wpaJ.

,. “mzq;fd; dhs;” vdf; Fwpf;fg;gl;lts;? rPij. <. jz;Nrhiy vd;gJ? mNrhf tdk; (Fspu;r;rpahd Nrhiy).

11.11.11.11. jpq;fnshdjpq;fnshdjpq;fnshdjpq;fnshd; wpUg;gpd; ,d;Nd> jpUTsk; jPu;e; wpUg;gpd; ,d;Nd> jpUTsk; jPu;e; wpUg;gpd; ,d;Nd> jpUTsk; jPu;e; wpUg;gpd; ,d;Nd> jpUTsk; jPu;e;j;j;j;j gpd;Nd> kq;Fntd; capNuhnld;Wd; kyub nrd;dp itj;jhs;gpd;Nd> kq;Fntd; capNuhnld;Wd; kyub nrd;dp itj;jhs;gpd;Nd> kq;Fntd; capNuhnld;Wd; kyub nrd;dp itj;jhs;gpd;Nd> kq;Fntd; capNuhnld;Wd; kyub nrd;dp itj;jhs;

m. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s Ehy;? fk;guhkhazk;.


m.vopyurd; 12

M. ahu; $w;W? mDkd; $w;W. ,. ahuplk; $wpaJ? ,uhkhdplk; $wpaJ. <. kyub nrd;dp itj;jhs; ahu;? rPij.

12.12.12.12. flik Gupe;jhd; ,tNdflik Gupe;jhd; ,tNdflik Gupe;jhd; ,tNdflik Gupe;jhd; ,tNd m.,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s Ehy;? ghujpjhrdpd; ghz;bad; gupR. M.flik Gupe;jtd; ahu;? Ntyd;. ,.ahu; $w;W? Mj;jhf;fpotpapd; $w;W. <.ahuplj;jpy; $wpaJ? md;dj;jplk; $wpaJ.

13.13.13.13. tha;j;jPNu khdj;ijcapiuf; fhf;f> kwg;gupJ Ek;ed;wp vd;whs; md;dk;tha;j;jPNu khdj;ijcapiuf; fhf;f> kwg;gupJ Ek;ed;wp vd;whs; md;dk;tha;j;jPNu khdj;ijcapiuf; fhf;f> kwg;gupJ Ek;ed;wp vd;whs; md;dk;tha;j;jPNu khdj;ijcapiuf; fhf;f> kwg;gupJ Ek;ed;wp vd;whs; md;dk; m. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s Ehy;? ghz;bad; gupR. M. ,g;ghlypd; Mrpupau;? ghujpjhrd;. ,. ahu; $w;W? md;dj;jpd; $w;W. <. ahuplj;jpy; $wpaJ? Ntydplk; $wpaJ.

14.14.14.14. jpidasT eyNkDk; fpilf;Fk; vd;why; nrj;njhopAk; ehs; vdf;F jpUehshFk;.jpidasT eyNkDk; fpilf;Fk; vd;why; nrj;njhopAk; ehs; vdf;F jpUehshFk;.jpidasT eyNkDk; fpilf;Fk; vd;why; nrj;njhopAk; ehs; vdf;F jpUehshFk;.jpidasT eyNkDk; fpilf;Fk; vd;why; nrj;njhopAk; ehs; vdf;F jpUehshFk;. m. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s Ehy;? ghz;bad; gupR. M. ,g;ghlypd; Mrpupau;? ghujpjhrd;. ,. ahu; ahuplj;jpy; $wpaJ? Ntyd; md;dj;jplk; $wpaJ. <. nghUs;: vd;dhy; jpidasT ed;ikahtJ ,e;j ehl;bw;F fpilf;Fnkd;why;> mjw;fhf vd; capiu ,of;fpd;w ehs;> jpUehshFk;.

15.15.15.15. ntWq;if vd;gJ %lj;jdk;> cd; tpuy;fs; gj;Jk; %yjdk;ntWq;if vd;gJ %lj;jdk;> cd; tpuy;fs; gj;Jk; %yjdk;ntWq;if vd;gJ %lj;jdk;> cd; tpuy;fs; gj;Jk; %yjdk;ntWq;if vd;gJ %lj;jdk;> cd; tpuy;fs; gj;Jk; %yjdk; m. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s Ehy;? ,J vq;fs; fpof;F (jiyg;G - Ntiyfsy;y Nts;tpfs;). M. ,g;ghlypd; Mrpupau;? jhuhghujp. ,. vJ %lj;jdk;? vd;ifapy; vJTkpy;iy vdf;$wp tWikapy; thLtJ %lj;jdk;. <. vit %yjdk;? iffspy; cs;s gj;J tpuy;fNs %yjdk;.

VI ----y; ,lk;ngWtdy; ,lk;ngWtdy; ,lk;ngWtdy; ,lk;ngWtd ---- Gj;jfj;jpy; gbf;fTk;Gj;jfj;jpy; gbf;fTk;Gj;jfj;jpy; gbf;fTk;Gj;jfj;jpy; gbf;fTk;.... tpdh vz; 22: ghly; kw;Wk; gh tif tpdh vz; 22: ghly; kw;Wk; gh tif tpdh vz; 22: ghly; kw;Wk; gh tif tpdh vz; 22: ghly; kw;Wk; gh tif vOJjy; Ntz;Lk; (6 kjpg;ngz;vOJjy; Ntz;Lk; (6 kjpg;ngz;vOJjy; Ntz;Lk; (6 kjpg;ngz;vOJjy; Ntz;Lk; (6 kjpg;ngz;fs;fs;fs;fs;))))

tpdh vz; 23: jpUf;Fws; 2 vOJjy; Ntz;Lk; (4 kjpg;ngz;tpdh vz; 23: jpUf;Fws; 2 vOJjy; Ntz;Lk; (4 kjpg;ngz;tpdh vz; 23: jpUf;Fws; 2 vOJjy; Ntz;Lk; (4 kjpg;ngz;tpdh vz; 23: jpUf;Fws; 2 vOJjy; Ntz;Lk; (4 kjpg;ngz;fs;fs;fs;fs;))))

tpdh vz; 24: ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;gwpjy; (6 y; 3f;F kl;Lk; tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk; tpdh vz; 24: ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;gwpjy; (6 y; 3f;F kl;Lk; tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk; tpdh vz; 24: ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;gwpjy; (6 y; 3f;F kl;Lk; tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk; tpdh vz; 24: ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;gwpjy; (6 y; 3f;F kl;Lk; tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk; ---- 6 kjpg;ngz;fs;)6 kjpg;ngz;fs;)6 kjpg;ngz;fs;)6 kjpg;ngz;fs;)

1. tpidj;njhif (Kf;fhyk; czu;j;Jk;)tpidj;njhif (Kf;fhyk; czu;j;Jk;)tpidj;njhif (Kf;fhyk; czu;j;Jk;)tpidj;njhif (Kf;fhyk; czu;j;Jk;):::: jpUe;Jnkhop jpiuf;fTs; cau;rpid xOFePu; Gidf;fyk; <u;tis mfpy;Kfpy; nra;Fd;W jho;gpwg;G glu;Kfpy; canuz;zk; Kjpu;kuk; nghq;Fjhkiu

2.2.2.2. gz;Gj;njhif (epiynkhopapy; ik vd;w tpFjp)gz;Gj;njhif (epiynkhopapy; ik vd;w tpFjp)gz;Gj;njhif (epiynkhopapy; ik vd;w tpFjp)gz;Gj;njhif (epiynkhopapy; ik vd;w tpFjp):::: $u;k;gil mUe;Jau; neLe;Nju; KJkuk; gRq;fhy gr;#d; ige;epwk; neLe;njhif jz;Fil ey;Yiu jpz;bwy; Ngupb Nrtb NgupQ;rp nrOk;nghd; NguwpT fLk;gif ngUq;fspW ntQ;rpdk;

3.3.3.3. cupr;nrhy; (fb> kh> it)cupr;nrhy; (fb> kh> it)cupr;nrhy; (fb> kh> it)cupr;nrhy; (fb> kh> it):::: fbkfs; itths; khQhyk;>khkzp itNty; khtyp

4.4.4.4. k&cr; nrhy; (RUf;fk;)k&cr; nrhy; (RUf;fk;)k&cr; nrhy; (RUf;fk;)k&cr; nrhy; (RUf;fk;):::: ck;gp NrhzhL 5.5.5.5. nrhy;ypir msngil (<,)nrhy;ypir msngil (<,)nrhy;ypir msngil (<,)nrhy;ypir msngil (<,)::::

nryP,a xwPa joP, cwP, 6.6.6.6. tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjptpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjptpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjptpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp (f> ,a> ,au;)(f> ,a> ,au;)(f> ,a> ,au;)(f> ,a> ,au;)::::

tho;f thopa thopapau; 7.7.7.7. tpidtpidtpidtpidahyizAk; ngau; (mtu;> ,tu;> mJ> mu;)ahyizAk; ngau; (mtu;> ,tu;> mJ> mu;)ahyizAk; ngau; (mtu;> ,tu;> mJ> mu;)ahyizAk; ngau; (mtu;> ,tu;> mJ> mu;)::::

te;jtu; mwpfy;yhjtu; $bdu; vjpuJ 8.8.8.8. Kw;Wk;ik (ck; xU Kiw)Kw;Wk;ik (ck; xU Kiw)Kw;Wk;ik (ck; xU Kiw)Kw;Wk;ik (ck; xU Kiw)::::

ahiuAk; ahUk; vOgpwg;Gk; ahu;f;Fk; 9.9.9.9. vz;Zk;ik ( ck; gyKiw)vz;Zk;ik ( ck; gyKiw)vz;Zk;ik ( ck; gyKiw)vz;Zk;ik ( ck; gyKiw)::::

tpz;zpYk; kz;zpYk; fq;ifAk; rpe;JTk; NgNuhLk; rpwg;NghLk; itafKk; thdKk; 10.10.10.10. mLf;Fj;njhlu; (gpupj;jhy; nghUs; jUk;)mLf;Fj;njhlu; (gpupj;jhy; nghUs; jUk;)mLf;Fj;njhlu; (gpupj;jhy; nghUs; jUk;)mLf;Fj;njhlu; (gpupj;jhy; nghUs; jUk;)::::

GilGil jpde;jpdk; ,dpjpdpJ tpf;fptpf;fp thopathopa miwe;jiwe;J 11.11.11.11. nganur;rk; (m)nganur;rk; (m)nganur;rk; (m)nganur;rk; (m)::::

va;j;j ,oe;j Rw;wpa mirj;j ,irj;j 12.12.12.12. <Wnfl;l vjpu;kiwg; nganur;rk; (M)<Wnfl;l vjpu;kiwg; nganur;rk; (M)<Wnfl;l vjpu;kiwg; nganur;rk; (M)<Wnfl;l vjpu;kiwg; nganur;rk; (M)::::

fJtplh mtpahtpsf;F jkpopypyh ,d;dh


m.vopyurd; 13

13.13.13.13. ctikj;njhifctikj;njhifctikj;njhifctikj;njhif:::: kyub jhkiuf;fz;fs;

14.14.14.14. ck;ikj;njhifck;ikj;njhifck;ikj;njhifck;ikj;njhif:::: nta;Nahd;jpq;fs; ehopifthuk; me;jpfhiy

15.15.15.15. cUtfk;cUtfk;cUtfk;cUtfk;:::: grpf;fapW fz;zPu;nts;sk; jq;fj;jpkpq;fyk; ifk;kiy kjptpsf;F

16.16.16.16. ,Unganuhl;Lg; gz;Gj;njhif,Unganuhl;Lg; gz;Gj;njhif,Unganuhl;Lg; gz;Gj;njhif,Unganuhl;Lg; gz;Gj;njhif:::: nka;g;nghUs; md;Gnewp ifj;jyk;

17.17.17.17. nghJthdJ:nghJthdJ:nghJthdJ:nghJthdJ:

• nra;Aspir msngil : g^ck;

• ,d;dpir msngil : tsu;f;FWhck;

• jd;ik gd;ik tpidKw;W : tho;j;Jtk;

• ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wikj; njhif : mbtho;j;Jtk;

• ehd;fhk; Ntw;Wikj; njhif : vd;kfd;> fd;dpghyd;

• Ie;jhk; Ntw;Wikj;njhif : gjj;Jiz

• Mwhk; Ntw;Wikj; njhif : fad;Ks;> fspw;WkUg;G> kdj;jpl;lk;> iftak;> Gy;Edp

• Kd;dpiy vjpu;kiw tpidKw;W : vs;sy;

• vjpu;kiw tpaq;Nfhs;tpidKw;W : kwtw;f

• tpidnar;rk; (,>c) : Nghw;wp> jpwe;J

• vjpu;kiw nganur;rk; : Mdhj> jPuhj

• ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wik cUGk; gaDk; cld;njhf;f njhif : rpiwg;gwit> Ks;spiy> Ntw;fhis> Kl;Gju;> ths;Nte;jd;.

tpdh vz; 25: gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; jUf (6 y; 2f;F kl;Lk; tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk; tpdh vz; 25: gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; jUf (6 y; 2f;F kl;Lk; tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk; tpdh vz; 25: gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; jUf (6 y; 2f;F kl;Lk; tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk; tpdh vz; 25: gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; jUf (6 y; 2f;F kl;Lk; tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk; ---- 4 kjpg;ngz;fs;)4 kjpg;ngz;fs;)4 kjpg;ngz;fs;)4 kjpg;ngz;fs;)

1. thopa - tho; + ,a tho; - gFjp> ,a - tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp

2. nra;f - nra; + f nra; - gFjp> f - tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp

3. G+l;b - G+l;L + , G+l;b - gFjp> , - tpidnar;r tpFjp

va;jp - va;J + , Nghw;wp - Nghw;W + , Ve;jp - Ve;J + ,

Nehf;fp - Nehf;F + , Njhd;wp - Njhd;W + , Jwj;jp - Jwj;J + ,

,iwQ;rp - ,iwQ;R + , Kof;fp - Kof;F + ,

4. fhzPu; - fhz; + <u; fhz; - gFjp> <u; - Kd;dpiyg; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp

5. GfyPu; - Gfy; + <u; Gfy; - gFjp> <u; - Kd;dpiyg; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp

6. Xk;Gkpd; - Xk;G + kpd; Xk;G - gFjp> kpd; - Vty; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp

7. czu;kpd; - czu; + kpd; czu; - gFjp> kpd; - Vty; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp

8. mirj;j - mir + j; + j; + m mir - gFjp> j; - re;jp> j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy> m - nganur;rtpFjp

9. cjtpa - cjT + ,(d;) + a; + m cjT - gFjp> ,d; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy> a; - clk;gL nka; re;jp> m - nganur;rtpFjp

Nehf;fpa - Nehf;F + ,(d;) + a; + m

Koq;fpa - Koq;F + ,(d;) + a; + m

fUq;fpa - fUq;F + ,(d;) + a; + m

10. jpwe;J - jpw + j;(e;) + j; + c jpw - gFjp> j; - re;jp> e; MdJ tpfhuk;> j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy> c - tpidnar;rtpFjp.

xope;J - xop + j;(e;) + j; + c


m.vopyurd; 14

11. jpwe;j - jpw + j;(e;) + j; + m jpw - gFjp> j; - re;jp> e; MdJ tpfhuk;> j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy> m - nganur;rtpFjp.

kze;j - kz + j;(e;) + j; + m

,oe;j - ,o + j;(e;) + j; + m

12. miwjy; - miw + jy; miw - gFjp> jy; - njhopw;ngau;

nra;jy; - nra; + jy;

13. tho;j;Jtk; - tho;j;J + t; + mk; tho;j;J - gFjp> t; - vjpu;fhy ,ilepiy> mk; - jd;ikg; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp

14. Mw;wPu; - Mw;W + M + <u; Mw;W - gFjp> M - vjpu;kiw ,ilepiy Gzu;e;J nfl;lJ> <u; - Kd;dpiyg; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp.

15. nga;j - nga; + j; + m nga; - gFjp> j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy> m - nganur;r tpFjp.

16. jUFntd; - jh(jU) + F + t; + vd; jh - gFjp - jU vdj; jpupe;jJ> F - rhupia> t; - vjpu;fhy ,ilepiy> vd; - jd;ik xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp

17. <d;w - <d; + w; + m <d; - gFjp> w; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy> m - nganur;r tpFjp

18. te;jdd; - th(t) + j;(e;) + j; + md; + md; th - gFjp - t vdf; FWfpaJ tpfhuk;> j; - re;jp - e; MdJ tpfhuk;> j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy> md; - rhupia> md; - Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp.

19. Jhw;Wk; - Jhw;W + ck; Jhw;W - gFjp> ck; - nganur;r tpFjp

20. NjLfpwha; - NjL + fpW + Ma; NjL - gFjp> fpW - epfo;fhy ,ilepiy> Ma; - Kd;dpiy xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp

21. Gide;Njhk; - Gid + j;(e;) + j; + Xk; Gid - gFjp> j; - re;jp - e; MdJ tpfhuk;> j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy> Xk; - jd;ikg; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp

22. Nfl;l - Nfs;(l;) + l; + m

Nfs; - gFjp - s; vd;gJ l; vd jpupe;J tpfhuk;> l; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy> m - nganur;r tpFjp.

23. cw;w - cW(cw;W) + m

cW - gFjp - cw;W vd xw;W ,ul;bj;J ,we;jfhyk; fhl;baJ> m - nganur;r tpFjp.

24. itg;gu; - it + g; + g; + mu; it - gFjp> g; - re;jp> g; - vjpu;fhy ,ilepiy> mu; - gyu;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp

25. tpLthu; - tpL + t; + Mu; tpL - gFjp> t; - vjpu;fhy ,ilepiy> Mu; - gyu;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp.

26. fhz;gd; - fhz; + g; + md; fhz; - gFjp> g; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy> md; - Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp.

27. nfhs;tu; - nfhs; + t; + mu; nfhs; - gFjp> t; - vjpu;fhy ,ilepiy> mu; - gyu;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp

28. ,uq;Ftpu; - ,uq;F + t; + ,u; ,uq;F - gFjp> t; - vjpu;fhy ,ilepiy> ,u; - Kd;dpiyg; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp

29. ePq;fhik - ePq;F + M + ik

ePq;F - gFjp> M - vjpu;kiw ,ilepiy> ik - njhopw;ngau; tpFjp

30. kwtw;f - kw + t; + my; + f kw - gFjp> t; - clk;gLnka; re;jp> my; - vjpu;kiw ,ilepiy(y; vd;gJ w; vdj; jpupe;jJ)> f - tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp

Jwtw;f - Jw + t; + my; + f

31. Gf;Nfd; - GF(Gf;F) + Vd; GF - gFjp - xw;W ,ul;bj;J ,we;jfhyk; fhl;baJ> Vd; - jd;ik xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp.

32. gl;Nld; - gL(gl;L) + Vd; gL - gFjp - xw;W ,ul;bj;J ,we;jfhyk; fhl;baJ> Vd; - jd;ik xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp.


m.vopyurd; 15

33. ele;jd - el + j;(e;) + j; + md; + m el - gFjp> j; - re;jp -e; MdJ tpfhuk;> j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy> md; - rhupia> m - nganur;rtpFjp

34. MLfpd;w - ML + fpd;W + m ML - gFjp> fpd;W - vjpu;fhy ,ilepiy> m - nganur;r tpFjp.

tpdh vz; tpdh vz; tpdh vz; tpdh vz; 26: 6 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk; ,uz;il kl;Lk;26: 6 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk; ,uz;il kl;Lk;26: 6 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk; ,uz;il kl;Lk;26: 6 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk; ,uz;il kl;Lk; gpupj;J Gzu;r;rp tpjpp jUjy; Ntz;Lk;. 4 kjpg;ngz;fs;gpupj;J Gzu;r;rp tpjpp jUjy; Ntz;Lk;. 4 kjpg;ngz;fs;gpupj;J Gzu;r;rp tpjpp jUjy; Ntz;Lk;. 4 kjpg;ngz;fs;gpupj;J Gzu;r;rp tpjpp jUjy; Ntz;Lk;. 4 kjpg;ngz;fs;.... 1.cly;Nky; capu; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng1.cly;Nky; capu; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng1.cly;Nky; capu; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng1.cly;Nky; capu; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng

FUFKz;L = FUFk; + cz;L

• cly;Nky; capu; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb ‘k; + c = K’ Njhd;wpaJ. 1.ahndtd; 2.khDio 3.mwdy;y 4.capUz;L 5.vz;znky;yhk; 6.jkpopypyh 7.gk;gukhfp 8.,tu;fsplk; 9.thdhSk; 10.ehnsd;W 11.ahUkpy;iy 12.gfYiw

2. jd;ndhw;W ,ul;ly;> cly;Nky; capu; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng2. jd;ndhw;W ,ul;ly;> cly;Nky; capu; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng2. jd;ndhw;W ,ul;ly;> cly;Nky; capu; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng2. jd;ndhw;W ,ul;ly;> cly;Nky; capu; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng

ngz;zuR = ngz; + muR

• tpjpp 1: jd;ndhw;W ,ul;ly; vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb ‘z;’ Njhd;wpaJ.(ngz;z; + muR)

• tpjpp 2: cly;Nky; capu;te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng vd;Dk; tppjpg;gb Gzu;e;jJ.(z;+ m= z) 1.Ks;spiy 2. epd;dUs; 3.tpz;zb 4.Kd;duz; 5.kz;zuR 6.jd;Dapu;

3. G+g;ngau; Kd; ,d nkd;ikj; Njhd;Wk;:3. G+g;ngau; Kd; ,d nkd;ikj; Njhd;Wk;:3. G+g;ngau; Kd; ,d nkd;ikj; Njhd;Wk;:3. G+g;ngau; Kd; ,d nkd;ikj; Njhd;Wk;:

G+Q;Nrhiy = G+ + Nrhiy

• tpjpp: G+g;ngau; Kd; ,d nkd;ikj; Njhd;Wk; vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb ‘Q;’ Njhd;wpaJ (G+ + Q; + Nrhiy) 1.G+q;nfhbahs; 2.G+r;nrb

4.<WNghjy;:4.<WNghjy;:4.<WNghjy;:4.<WNghjy;:

KJkuk; = KJik + kuk;

• tpjpp: <WNghjy; vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb ‘ik’ ePq;fpaJ (KJ + kuk;) 1.nrk;nghd; 2.fUKfpy;

5.<WNghjy;> ,dkpfy;:5.<WNghjy;> ,dkpfy;:5.<WNghjy;> ,dkpfy;:5.<WNghjy;> ,dkpfy;:

fLk;gif = fLik + gif

• tpjpp 1: <WNghjy; vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb ‘ik’ ePq;fpaJ (fL+ gif)

• tpjpp 2: ,dkpfy; vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb ‘k;’ Njhd;wpaJ. (fL+ k; + gif) 1.$u;k;gil 2.ngUq;fspW 3.fLe;jpwy; 4.mUe;Jau; 5.ntQ;rpdk; 6.ngUe;Nju; 7.ngUe;nja;tk; 8.ngUk;G+jk; 9.nrq;Nfhy; 10.neLq;FtL 11.ntQ;Rlu; 12.,UQ;rpuk; 13.nrOk;nghd; 14.fUQ;rpfuk; 15.fUq;fy;

6. ,ay;gpDk; tpjpapDk; epd;w capu;Kd; frjg kpFk;6. ,ay;gpDk; tpjpapDk; epd;w capu;Kd; frjg kpFk;6. ,ay;gpDk; tpjpapDk; epd;w capu;Kd; frjg kpFk;6. ,ay;gpDk; tpjpapDk; epd;w capu;Kd; frjg kpFk;

jPj;jhTk; = jP + jhTk;

• tpjpp: ,ay;gpDk; tpjpapDk; epd;w capu;Kd; frjg kpFk; vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb ‘j;’ Njhd;wpaJ. (jP + j; + jhTk;) 1.gj;jpdpg;ngz;bu; 2.tisj;Njhop 3.kiof;fz;zPu; 4.kzpf;fOj;J 5.nfhj;Jg;G+ 6.jPf;Fr;rp 7.gupj;jpahfk;

7.,<I top at;Tk;> cly; Nky; capu;te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng7.,<I top at;Tk;> cly; Nky; capu;te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng7.,<I top at;Tk;> cly; Nky; capu;te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng7.,<I top at;Tk;> cly; Nky; capu;te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng

fiuNaw = fiu + Vw

• tpjpp 1: ,<I top at;Tk; vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb ‘a;’ Njhd;wpaJ (fiu + a; + Vw)

• tpjpp 2: cly;Nky; Nky; capu;te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb Gzu;jJ. (fiuNaw) 1.epiwAlik 2.ifNae;jp 3.Mapil 4.jpidasT 5.kjpnawpe;J 6.FbirahFk; 7.tWikAw;W

8.ys Ntw;Wikapy; typtupd; wlTk;8.ys Ntw;Wikapy; typtupd; wlTk;8.ys Ntw;Wikapy; typtupd; wlTk;8.ys Ntw;Wikapy; typtupd; wlTk;

fhw;rpyk;G = fhy; + rpyk;G

• ys Ntw;Wikapy; typtupd; wlTk; vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb y; vd;gJ ‘w;’ vd jpupe;jJ. 1.,w;gpwg;G 2.fw;nfhb 3.nrhw;gjk; 4.,Ul;fly;

VII ----y; tpdh vz;: 27> kjpg;ngz; 4 (jpiz my;yJ Jiw mtw;wy; tpdh vz;: 27> kjpg;ngz; 4 (jpiz my;yJ Jiw mtw;wy; tpdh vz;: 27> kjpg;ngz; 4 (jpiz my;yJ Jiw mtw;wy; tpdh vz;: 27> kjpg;ngz; 4 (jpiz my;yJ Jiw mtw;wpy; vitNaDk; xd;wpid vOj Ntz;Lk;py; vitNaDk; xd;wpid vOj Ntz;Lk;py; vitNaDk; xd;wpid vOj Ntz;Lk;py; vitNaDk; xd;wpid vOj Ntz;Lk;)))).... 1.1.1.1.GwehDhw;wpy; mike;Js;s nghJtpay; jpiz kw;Wk; nghUz;nkhopf;fhQ;rpj; Jiw gw;wp tpsf;Ff.GwehDhw;wpy; mike;Js;s nghJtpay; jpiz kw;Wk; nghUz;nkhopf;fhQ;rpj; Jiw gw;wp tpsf;Ff.GwehDhw;wpy; mike;Js;s nghJtpay; jpiz kw;Wk; nghUz;nkhopf;fhQ;rpj; Jiw gw;wp tpsf;Ff.GwehDhw;wpy; mike;Js;s nghJtpay; jpiz kw;Wk; nghUz;nkhopf;fhQ;rpj; Jiw gw;wp tpsf;Ff.

nghJtpay; jpiz: ntl;rp Kjy; ghlhz; tiuAs;s xd;gJ jpizfspy; nrhy;yg;glhj nra;jpfis njhFj;Jf;

$WtJ nghJtpay; jpizahFk;.


m.vopyurd; 16

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: gy;rhd; wPNu gy;rhd; wPNu ................................ ey;yhw;Wg; g^c newpAkh uJNt. tpsf;fk;: kPdpd; Ks;isg; Nghd;w ntz;ikahd eiukapiuAk;> Njhy; RUq;fpa fd;dj;ijAk; nfhz;l

gadpy;yhj KJikAila rhd;NwhNu! vd tpspj;Jg; gpd;tUkhW $Wfpwhu;; “$upa kOthfpa MAjj;ij Ve;jpa typik tha;e;j vkd;> ck; capiu ftu tUk; NghJ ePtPu; tUe;JtPu;. mg;nghOJ tUe;jpg; gadpy;iy. vdNt capUld; thOk; nghONj ey;yJ nra;Aq;fs;. m/J ,ayhjhapd; jPaijr; nra;jiyahtJ iftpLq;fs;. mJNt vy;NyhUk; tpUk;GtJ. mJNt kWikapy; ck;ik ew;fjp Nru;f;Fk; topAkhFk;. nghUz;nkhopf;fhQ;rpj; Jiw: Jwtpauhfpa nka;Azu;e;Njhu; mwpe;j nghUis> ,Jntd czu;j;JtJ nghUz;nkhopf;fhQ;rpj; JiwahFk;. 2.mfehDhw;wpy; mike;Js;s 2.mfehDhw;wpy; mike;Js;s 2.mfehDhw;wpy; mike;Js;s 2.mfehDhw;wpy; mike;Js;s Ky;iyj; jpizia tpsf;Ff.Ky;iyj; jpizia tpsf;Ff.Ky;iyj; jpizia tpsf;Ff.Ky;iyj; jpizia tpsf;Ff. Ky;iyj; jpiz: Kjw;nghUs; : fhLk; fhL rhu;e;j ,lKk; ngUk;nghOJ : fhu;fhyk; rpWnghOJ : khiy cupg;nghUs; : ,Uj;jYk; ,Uj;jy; epkpj;jKk; fUg;nghUs; : nja;tk; - jpUkhy;> kf;fs; - Njhd;wy;> kyu; - Ky;iy> tpyq;F - Kay;. vLj;Jf;fhl;L: girgL gr;ir nea;Njha;j; jd;d ......................................... Kbe;jd;W mk;kehk; Kd;dpa tpidNa. tpsf;fk;:

Nju;g;ghfNd! <uk; nghUe;jpa Njhiy vz;nzapNy Njha;j;jJ Nghyf; fUikahd rpwFfisf; nfhz;lJ> ntsthy;. mJ>fpisfisAila kuk; jdpikAw;wpl> khiyapy; goq;fis ehbr; nrd;WtpLk;. nfhbfspy; glu;e;J fplf;Fk; Ky;iy mUk;Gfs; ,jo; tpupj;jikahy;> kzkfspd; $e;jiyg;Nghy kzk; tPrp> tz;Lf;$l;lk; jk;iktpl;L mfyhJ jLj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,j;jifa Fspu;e;j nrt;tpia cilaJ> fhu;fhyk;. nghUs; NjLtjw;fhfr; nrd;W> Ntw;W ehl;bYs;s ek; jiytu;f;F ek;kplk; te;jhYk;> thuhJ mq;NfNa ,Ue;jhYk; ,d;gkha; mikAk; NghYk;! mtu; tho;f! vd;W nrhy;yp> jdJ gy ,jo;fisAila jhkiukyu; Nghd;w Fspu;e;j fz;fspd; cs;splnky;yhk; rptf;FkhW mOjOJ Mw;Wtjw;F mupa Jd;gKilats; Mdhs;> jiytp vd;W $wpf;nfhz;;L ghzDk;> ehk; tPL jpUk;Gtij tpUk;gpj; Jhjha; te;Js;shd;. ehk; vz;zp te;j nraYk; Kbe;Jtpl;lJ. eP> epiwe;j Gy;ypidj; jpd;fpd;w Fjpiufisg; G+l;b tpiutha;j; Njupidr; nrYj;Jthahf. Jiw: tpidKw;wp kPSk; jiykfd; Nju;g;ghfDf;F nrhy;ypaJ. 3.Iq;FWEhw;wpy; mike;Js;s ghiyj;jpizia tpsf;Ff.3.Iq;FWEhw;wpy; mike;Js;s ghiyj;jpizia tpsf;Ff.3.Iq;FWEhw;wpy; mike;Js;s ghiyj;jpizia tpsf;Ff.3.Iq;FWEhw;wpy; mike;Js;s ghiyj;jpizia tpsf;Ff. ghiyj;jpiz: Kjw;nghUs; : kzYk; kzy; rhu;e;j ,lKk; ngUk;nghOJ : Ntdpw;fhyk;> Kd;gdpf;fhyk; rpWnghOJ : ez;gfy; cupg;nghUs; : gpupjYk; gpupjy; epkpj;jKk; fUg;nghUs; : nja;tk; - fhsp> kf;fs; - vapdu;> gz; - ghiyg;gz;> tpyq;F - nre;eha;. vLj;Jf;fhl;L: kWtpy; Jhtpr; rpWfUq; fhf;if ....................................... lQ;rp Nyhjpia tuf;fiue; jPNk. tpsf;fk;:

• Fw;wk; rpwpJkpy;yhj rpwfpidf; nfhz;l fupa epwKila fhf;ifNa! Nfs;. eP cd;Dila Ngud;Gkpf;f Rw;wj;NjhL cz;Zk;gb> rpwe;j nghd;dhy; nra;ag;gl;l ghj;jpuj;jpNy> nfhOg;G kpFe;j gr;#d; cztpid> cdf;F gypaha;f; nfhLg;Ngd;. mjw;Ff; ifk;khwha;> mofpa rpythfpa $e;jiyAila jiytpAk; mts; Nju;e;njLj;j jiytDk; vd; ,y;yj;jpw;F tpiue;J tUkhW fiue;jUs Ntz;Lk;.

Jiw tpsf;fk;: jiytDld; Nghd jiykfs; kPz;L tUjw;nghUl;Lj; jhahdts; fhf;ifaplk; ghuha;f;fld; ciuj;jy;. 4.FWe;njhifapy; mike;Js;s FwpQ;rpj;jpizia tpsf;Ff.4.FWe;njhifapy; mike;Js;s FwpQ;rpj;jpizia tpsf;Ff.4.FWe;njhifapy; mike;Js;s FwpQ;rpj;jpizia tpsf;Ff.4.FWe;njhifapy; mike;Js;s FwpQ;rpj;jpizia tpsf;Ff.

FwpQ;rpj;jpiz: Kjw;nghUs; : kiyAk; kiy rhu;e;j ,lKk;

ngUk;nghOJ : Fspu;fhyk;> gpd;gdpf;fhyk; rpWnghOJ : ahkk;


m.vopyurd; 17

cupg;nghUs; : Gzu;jYk; Gzu;jy; epkpj;jKk; fUg;nghUs; : nja;tk; - KUfd;> kf;fs; - Fwtu;> kyu; - FwpQ;rp> tpyq;F - ahid. vLj;Jf;fhl;L: ahU kpy;iy jhNd fs;td; ......................................... FUF Kz;Ljhd; kze;j Qhd;Nw tpsf;fk;:

• fsT kzj;jpd;NghJ fz;ltu; vtUk; ,yu;: jiytd; jd;id Cuwpaj; jpUkzk; nra;Jnfhs;shky;

fhyk; jho;j;Jtijf; fz;L tUe;jpaj; jiytp> jd; Njhopaplk; gpd;tUkhW $wpdhs;; Njhop! jiytu; vd;id fstpNy kze;j nghOJ ghu;j;jtu; vtUkpyu;. mq;F vd; eyj;ijf; ftu;e;j fs;tdhfpa

jiytd; kl;LNk vd;DldpUe;jhu;. ‘cd;idg; gpupNad;> gpupapd; Mw;Nwd;. tpiutpy; cd;id kzg;Ngd;’ vd;W $wpa #Siu ngha;ahFk;gb elg;ghuhapd; ehd; vd;d nra;Ntd;........

• FUF $WNkh rhd;W: vq;fs; fsT kzk; epfo;e;j ,lj;jpy; FUF xd;W ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; mJ rhd;W $Wk; jFjpAilaJ md;W. NkYk;> mJ jd; ,iuahfpa Muy;kPd; tUfpwjh vd ghu;j;Jf;nfhz;bUe;jjhy;> jiytuJ #Siuiaf; Nfl;LkpuhJ. MfNt> ,dp ehd; vd;d nra;Ntd;.....

tpdh vz; 28: 4 kjpg;ngz;fs;tpdh vz; 28: 4 kjpg;ngz;fs;tpdh vz; 28: 4 kjpg;ngz;fs;tpdh vz; 28: 4 kjpg;ngz;fs;....

VII ----y; 3 mzpfs; Nfl;fg;gLk; mtw;wpy; xd;W ky; 3 mzpfs; Nfl;fg;gLk; mtw;wpy; xd;W ky; 3 mzpfs; Nfl;fg;gLk; mtw;wpy; xd;W ky; 3 mzpfs; Nfl;fg;gLk; mtw;wpy; xd;W kl;Lk; vOjpdhy; NghJkhdJl;Lk; vOjpdhy; NghJkhdJl;Lk; vOjpdhy; NghJkhdJl;Lk; vOjpdhy; NghJkhdJ.... 1. nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUk; epiyazp1. nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUk; epiyazp1. nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUk; epiyazp1. nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUk; epiyazp

• mzp ,yf;fzk;: te;j nrhy;Ny kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; te;J xNu nghUisj; jUkhapd; mJ nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUk; epiyazp MFk;.

• rhd;W: cjtp tiuj;jd; Wjtp cjtp nrag;gl;lhu; rhy;gpd; tiuj;J

• tpsf;fk;: ,f;Fwspy; ‘cjtp’ vd;w nrhy; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; te;J ‘cgfhuk;’ vd;w xNu nghUisj; jUtjhy;> ,J nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUk; epiyazp MFk;.

2. ctik mzpia rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.2. ctik mzpia rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.2. ctik mzpia rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.2. ctik mzpia rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.

• mzp ,yf;fzk;: ctik xU thf;fpakhfTk;> ctNkak; kw;nwhU thf;fpakhfTk;> ctk cUGfis ntspg;gilahfTk; ngw;W tUtJ ctikazp MFk;.

• rhd;W: mfo;thiuj; jhq;Fk; epyk;Nghyj; jk;ik ,fo;thu;g; nghWj;jy; jiy

• ctik: mfo;thiuj; jhq;Fk; epyk;

• ctNkak;: jk;ik ,fo;thu;g; nghWj;jy; jiy

• ctk cUG: Nghy

• tpsf;fk;: G+kpahdJ jd;kPJ epd;W nfhz;L jd;idj; Njhz;Lgiu tpohky; jhq;fpf; nfhs;Sk;. mJ Nghy> mwptpyhu; nra;Ak; tuk;Gfle;j Fw;wj;jpid> ehk; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;. mJ rpwe;j gz;GkhFk;

3. vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctik mzpia rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.3. vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctik mzpia rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.3. vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctik mzpia rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.3. vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctik mzpia rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.

• mzp ,yf;fzk;: ctik xU thf;fpakhfTk;> ctNkak; kw;nwhU thf;fpakhfTk;> ctk cUGfis kiwKfkhfTk; ngw;W tUtJ vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctikazp MFk;.

• rhd;W: ,d;ikAs; ,d;ik tpUe;njhuhy; td;ikAs; td;ik klthu;g; nghiw

• ctk cUG: Nghy vd;w ctk cUG kiwe;J te;Js;sJ.

• tpsf;fk;: jk;ik ehb tUk; tpUe;jpdiu cgrupf;f KbahJ> jtpf;Fk; epiy> tWikAs; nfhba tWikahFk;. mJNghy> mwptpyhu; nra;Ak; Fw;wj;jpw;F jz;bf;Fk; typik jdf;F ,Ue;Jk; jz;bf;fhky; nghWj;jNy typikf;Fs; rpwe;j typikahFk;

4. jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzpia tpsf;Ff.4. jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzpia tpsf;Ff.4. jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzpia tpsf;Ff.4. jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzpia tpsf;Ff.

• mzp ,yf;fzk;: jd; + Fwpg;G + Vw;wk; = jw;Fwpg;Ngw;wk;. ,ay;ghf epfOk; epfo;r;rpapd; kPJ ftpQu; jd; fw;gidf; fUj;ij Vw;wpf; $WtJ jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzpahFk;.

• rhd;W: nrk;nghw;nfhb midahs; fz;lhisj; jhd; fhzhd; ky;yd;kh Qhyk; ,Us; Cl;b> khkiyNky;> nrt;ntd; fjpu; RUq;fpr; nrq;fjpNuhd; nrd;nwhspg;g


m.vopyurd; 18

• tpsf;fk;: khiyg; nghOjpy; #upad; jd; fjpu;fisr; RUf;fpf;nfhz;L kiwjy; vd;gJ ,ay;ghd epfo;r;rpahFk;. Mdhy;> fz;zfp jd; fztdhfpa Nfhtyid ,oe;J cw;w Jd;gj;jpidAk;> mts; gythW $wpg; Gyk;gp mOjjijAk; fjputd; fhzg; nghwhky; jd; nrq;fjpu;fisr; RUf;fpf; nfhz;L Nkw;F kiyapy; nrd;W kiwe;jhd; vd;W ,sq;Nfhtbfs; jk; fUj;ij Vw;wpf; $wpAs;shu;.

VIII ---- y; tpdh vz;: 29 Kjy; 32 y; tpdh vz;: 29 Kjy; 32 y; tpdh vz;: 29 Kjy; 32 y; tpdh vz;: 29 Kjy; 32 tiu tiu tiu tiu ---- 4 kjpg;ngz;fs; (nghUj;Jf) tpilfis khztu;fNs Fwpj;Jg; gbf;fTk;4 kjpg;ngz;fs; (nghUj;Jf) tpilfis khztu;fNs Fwpj;Jg; gbf;fTk;4 kjpg;ngz;fs; (nghUj;Jf) tpilfis khztu;fNs Fwpj;Jg; gbf;fTk;4 kjpg;ngz;fs; (nghUj;Jf) tpilfis khztu;fNs Fwpj;Jg; gbf;fTk; 1. m.kzpNkfiy - fpU\;zg;gps;is

M.Njthuk; - ckWg;Gytu; ,.rPwhg;Guhzk; - rPj;jiyr;rhj;jdhu; <.,ul;rzpa ahj;jpupfk; - Re;juu;

2. m.FwpQ;rp - vw;ghL M.Ky;iy - ahkk; ,.kUjk; - khiy <.nea;jy; - itfiw

3. m.kzpNkfiy - rkzk; M.ePyNfrp - fpwpj;Jtk; ,.,ul;rzpa ahj;jpupfk; - ,Ryhk; <.rPwhg;Guhzk; - ngsj;jk;

4. m.FwpQ;rp - Xuk;Nghfp M.Ky;iy - mk;%tdhu; ,.kUjk; - fgpyu; <.nea;jy; - Ngadhu;

5. m.kUjk; - NjndLj;jy; M.FwpQ;rp - kPd;gpbj;jy; ,.Ky;iy - ney;yupjy; <.nea;jy; - fhis jOty;

6. m.Rtb - rpf;fdk; M.nta;Nahd; - cs;sk; ,.nrl;L - fjputd; <.rpe;ij - Ehy;

7. m.,sq;Nfhtbfs; - kzpNkfiy M.jpUj;jf;fNjtu; - rpyg;gjpfhuk; ,.ehjFj;jdhu; - rPtfrpe;jhkzp <.rPj;jiyr;rhj;jdhu; - Fz;;lyNfrp

8. m.nrWthu; - mwpTilik M.xl;gk; - nrYj;JtJ ,.ca;g;gJ - mwptpd;ik <.Ngijik - giftu;

9. m.Fapy;ghl;L - mg;Jy; uFkhd; M.mofpd; rpupg;G - Rujh ,.JiwKfk; - ghujpahu; <.ghy;tPjp - ghujpjhrd;

10. m.FwpQ;rp - tay; rhu;e;j ,lk; M.Ky;iy - fly; rhu;e;j ,lk; ,.kUjk; - kiy rhu;e;j ,lk; <.nea;jy; - fhL rhu;e;j ,lk;

11. m.,uhruhrNrhoDyh - gps;isg;ngUkhs; Iaq;fhu;

M.jpUNtq;flj;je;jhjp - FkuFUguu; ,.kJiuf;fyk;gfk; - Mrpupau; ngau; njupatpy;iy <.Kf;$lw;gs;S - xl;lf;$j;ju;

IX ---- y; tpdh vz;: 33 Kjy; 48 tiu y; tpdh vz;: 33 Kjy; 48 tiu y; tpdh vz;: 33 Kjy; 48 tiu y; tpdh vz;: 33 Kjy; 48 tiu ---- 16 kjpg;ngz;fs;16 kjpg;ngz;fs;16 kjpg;ngz;fs;16 kjpg;ngz;fs; 1. fk;gu; jk; EhYf;F ,l;l ngau; ,uhkhtjhuk;. 2. ,uhkhazj;ij tl nkhopapy; ,aw;wpatu; thd;kPfp. 3. fk;gu; gpwe;j Cu; jpUtOe;Jhu; my;yJ NjnuOe;Jhu;. 4. fk;giu Mjupj;jtu; jpUntz;nza; ey;Yhu; rilag;gts;sy;. 5. fk;gupd; rkfhyg; Gytu; xl;lf;$j;ju;. 6. tpUj;jg;ghtpy; ty;ytu; fk;gu;. 7. fk;gu; tho;e;j fhyk; fp.gp.12 Ehw;whz;L. 8. fy;tpapy; ngupatu; fk;gu;. 9. ftpg;NguuR> ftp rf;futu;j;jp vd Nghw;wg;gl;ltu; fk;gu;. 10. tujeQ;irag;gps;isahy; ,aw;wg;gl;l Ehy; jkpourp FwtQ;rp. 11. jkpourp FwtQ;rpapd; ghl;Lilj;jiytd; Rthkpkiy KUfd;. 12. jkpourp FwtQ;rpapd; ghl;Lilj;jiytp jkpourp. 13. tujeQ;irag;gps;is gpwe;j Cu; Njhukq;fyk;. 14. tujeQ;irag;gps;isiaf; fw;Nwhu; GytNuW vdg; ghuhl;bdu;. 15. fue;ijj; jkpo;r;rq;fj;jpy; tujeQ;irag;gps;is ngw;w rpwg;Gg; gl;lk; Mrpupau;. 16. fue;ijj; jkpo;r;rq;fj;jpy; tujeQ;irag;gps;is ngw;w rpwg;Gg; gupR jq;fj;Njhlh. 17. jkpourp FwtQ;rp ahu; Ntz;LNfhSf;fpzq;f ,aw;wg;gl;lJ jkpoNts; ckhkNfRtudhu;. 18. jkpourp FwtQ;rp ahu; Kd;dpiyapy; muq;Nfw;wg;gl;lJ? Qhdpahubfs;. 19. vd;Dila ehL vd;Dk; ghly; ve;j jiyg;gpd; fPo; mike;Js;sJ? Njrpa kyu;. 20. cg;G rj;jpahfpufj; njhz;lu;fSf;F topeilg;ghliyg; ghbatu;? ehkf;fy; ftpQu;.


m.vopyurd; 19

21. fj;jpapd;wp ,uj;jkpd;wp Aj;jnkhd;W tUFJ vd;w ghliyg; ghbatu; ehkf;fy; ftpQu;. 22. jkpofj;jpd; Kjy; muritf; ftpQu; ehkf;fy; ftpQu;. 23. fhe;jpaf;ftpQu; vd Nghw;wg;gl;ltu; ehkf;fy; ftpQu;. 24. eLtzuR ehkf;fy; ftpQUf;F gj;kG+\z; tpUjspj;Js;sJ. 25. Kj;jkpopYk; Xtpaf;fiyapYk; ty;ytu; ehkf;fy; ftpQu; nt.,uhkypq;fk; gps;is. 26. ehkf;fy; ftpQu; rpiw nry;yf; fhuzkhf ,Ue;j epfo;r;rp cg;G rj;jpahfpufkhFk;. 27. ehkf;fy; ftpQu; nt.,uhkypq;fk; gps;is gpwe;j Cu; NkhfDhu;. 28. vl;Lj;njhifapy; mfg;Gwg; ghly;fisf; nfhz;l xNu Ehy; gupghly;. 29. rq;fj;jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fSf;F ,yf;fzkha; tpsq;FtJ njhy;fhg;gpak;. 30. ntspg;gilahfj; njupAk; nghUNshL gpwpnjhU nghUs; Gyg;gl miktJ cs;Siw cj;jp. 31. ctkpf;Fk; nghUspy; vf;fUg;nghUs; ,lk;ngWtJ ,y;iy? nja;tk;. 32. Gwk;> Gwg;ghl;L vd toq;fg;gLk; Ehy; GwehDhW. 33. GwehDhw;wpd; flTs; tho;j;Jg;ghliyg; ghbatu; ghujk; ghba ngUe;Njtdhu;. 34. GwehDhw;wpy; mike;Js;s jpizfs; 11. 35. GwehDhw;wpy; mike;Js;s Jiwfs; 65. 36. GwhehDhw;wpd; rpy ghly;fis Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopngau;j;jtu; [p.A.Nghg;. 37. jkpoupd; tho;tpay; rpe;jidf; fUT+ykhfg; Nghw;wg;gLk; Ehy; GwehDhW. 38. neLe;njhif vd;w ngaUila Ehy; mfehDhW. 39. mfehDhw;iwj; njhFj;jtu; cUj;jpurd;kdhu;. 40. mfehDw;iwj; njhFg;gpj;jtu; ghz;bad; cf;fpug;ngUtOjp. 41. mfk; vd;w ngaUila Ehy; mfehDhW 42. mfehDhw;wpd; mbtiuaiw 13-31 mbfs;. 43. mfehDhw;wpy; xw;iwg;gil vz;fisf; nfhz;lJ ghiyj;jpiz. 44. mfehDw;wpy; 3 gppupTfs; cs;sd. 45. fspw;wpahid epiuapy; mike;Js;s ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if 120. 46. kzpkpilg; gtsj;jpy; mike;Js;s ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if 180. 47. epj;jpyf;Nfhitapy; mike;Js;s ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if 100. 48. vl;Lj;njhifapy; KjyhtJ Ehy; ew;wpiz. 49. ew;wpiziaj; njhFj;jtu; ahu; vdj; njupatpy;iy. 50. ew;wpiziaj; njhFg;gpj;jtd; gd;dhL je;j ghz;bad; khwd;tOjp. 51. ew;wpizapd; mbtiuaiw 9-12 mbfs;. 52. FWe;njhifapd; mbtiuaiw 4-8 mbfs;. 53. ghup kd;dpd; capu;j;Njhou; fgpyu;. 54. fgpyiu ‘tha;nkhopf; fgpyd;’ vd;W Nghw;wpatu; ef;fPuu;. 55. FwpQ;rpj;jpiz ghLtjpy; ty;ytu; fgpyu;. 56. fgpyu; gpwe;j Cu; jpUthjT+u;. 57. GydOf;fw;w me;jzhsd; vdg; Gfog;gl;ltu; fgpyu;. 58. Iq;FWEhw;iwj; njhFj;jtu; $lYhu; fpohu;. 59. Iq;FWEhw;iwj; njhFg;gpj;jtu; ahidf;fl;Nra; khe;juQ;Nruy; ,Uk;nghiw. 60. Iq;FWEhw;wpd; mbtiuaiw 3-6 mbfs;. 61. jpUf;Fws; <ub Fws; ntz;gh tifiar; rhu;e;jJ. 62. jpUf;Fws; milaLj;j fUtpahFngau; tifiar; rhu;e;jJ. 63. jpUf;Fwspy; nkhj;jk; 9 ,ay;fs; cs;sd. 64. mwj;Jg;ghypy; 4 ,ay;fs; cs;sd.(ghaputpay;> ,y;ywtpay;> Jwtwtpay;> Copay;) 65. nghUl;ghypy; 3 ,ay;fs; cs;sd. (murpay;> mq;ftpay;> xopg;gpay;) 66. fhkj;Jg;ghypy; 2 ,ay;fs; cs;sd. (fstpay;> fw;gpay;) 67. jpUf;Fwspy; nkhj;jk; 133 mjpfhuq;fs; cs;sd. 68. mwj;Jg;ghyppy; 38 mjpfhuq;fSk;> nghUl;ghypy; 70 mjpfhuq;fSk;> fhkj;Jg;ghypy; 25 mjpfhuq;fSk; cs;sd 69. jkpo; khjpd; ,dpa cau;epiy vd;W Nghw;wg;gLk; Ehy; jpUf;Fws;. 70. jkpoupd; jpUkiw vdg; Nghw;wg;gLk; Ehy; jpUf;Fws;. 71. cj;jpuNtjk; vdg; Nghw;wg;gLk; Ehy; jpUf;Fws;. 72. jpUf;Fwspd; ngUikia tpsf;Fk; Ehy; jpUts;St khiy. 73. jpUf;Fwis Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopngau;j;jtu; [p.A.Nghg; 74. jpUf;Fwspd; mwj;Jg;ghy;> nghUl;ghy; ,uz;ilAk; ,yj;jPdpy; nkhopngau;j;jtu; tPukhKdptu;. 75. ts;Stidg; ngw;wjhy; ngw;wNj Gfo; itafk; vdg; ghbatu; ghujpjhrd;. 76. jpUf;FwSf;F rpwe;j ciu fz;ltu; gupNkyofu;. 77. jpUts;Stu; tho;e;j fhyk; fp.K.31


m.vopyurd; 20

78. joP, vd;gjd; ,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G nrhy;ypir msngil. 79. nghWikf;F ctikahf ts;Stu; epyj;ijf; Fwpg;gpl;lhu;. 80. ciuapilapl;l ghl;Lilr; nra;As; vd miof;fg;gLk; Ehy; rpyg;gjpfhuk;. 81. Kj;jkpo; fhg;gpak; vdg; Nghw;wg;gLk; Ehy; rpyg;gjpfhuk;. 82. jkpopy; vOjg;gl;l Kjw;fhg;gpak; rpyg;gjpfhuk;. 83. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpd; ngUk; gFjp fhz;lk;(3). 84. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpd; cl;gFjp fhij(30). 85. ,sq;Nfhtbfspd; jikad; Nrud; nrq;Fl;Ltd;. 86. ,sq;Nfhtbfs; gpwe;j Ehw;whz;L fp.gp.2 87. rpyg;ghjpfhuj;jpw;F rpwe;j ciu fz;ltu; mbahu;f;F ey;yhu;. 88. kzpNkfiyapd; Mrpupau; rPj;jiyr; rhj;jdhu;. 89. neQ;iras;Sk; rpyg;gjpfhuk; vd;W ghbatu; ghujpahu;. 90. NjdpNy Cupa nre;jkpopd; RitNjUk; rpyg;gjpfhuk; vd;W ghbatu; ftpkzp Njrpf tpehafk; gps;is. 91. ehlff; fhg;gpak; vdg; Nghw;wg;gLk; Ehy; rpyg;gjpfhuk;. 92. rpyg;gjpfhuk; KOikf;Fk; jw;fhyj;jpy; ciu fz;ltu; e.K.Ntq;flrhkp ehl;lhu;. 93. tup vd;gJ ,irg;ghly;. 94. Mau; KJkfs; khjup. 95. jiyf;Nfhyupit vd;Dk; gl;lk; ngw;wts; khjtp. 96. fk;guhkhazk; xU topEhy;. 97. fk;guhkhazj;jpd; ngUk; gpupT fhz;lk;> cl;gpupT glyk;. 98. cj;juf;fhz;lj;ij ,aw;wpatu; xl;lf;$j;ju;. 99. ,uhkhazj;jpd; kzpKbahf tpsq;FtJ Re;juf;fhz;lk;. 100. ngupaj; jpUtb ,uhkd;> rpwpaj; jpUtb mDkd;. 101. Re;jud; vd miof;fg;gl;ltd; mDkd;. 102. fk;guhkhzj;jpd; 5-tJ fhz;lk; Re;ju fhz;lk;. 103. jikad; vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs; mz;zd;. 104. jida vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs; kfs;. 105. kUfp vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs; kUkfs;. 106. ,uhkd; nfhLj;jjhfr; rPijaplk; mDkd; nfhLj;jJ fizahop. 107. rPij nfhLj;jjhf ,uhkdplk; mDkd; nfhLj;jJ #lhkzp. 108. fk;g ehlfj;jpy; nrhy;yg;gl;l ahg;G tz;zq;fspd; vz;zpf;if 96. 109. rPjhg;gpuhl;b jd;id kPl;Lr; nry;y tpjpj;j fhyk; xU jpq;fs;. 110. thlhj khiy vdg; Nghw;wg;gLk; Ehy; Njk;ghtzp. 111. Njk;ghtzpapd; Mrpupau; ngau; tPukhKdptu;. 112. tPukhKdptu; ,j;jhyp ehl;ilr; rhu;e;jtu;. 113. VR rigapd; jiytuhf ,Ue;jtu; tPukhKdptu;. 114. tPukhKdptupd; ,aw;ngau; nfhd;];lhd; N[hrg; ng];fp. 115. nfhd;];lhd; vd;gjpd; nghUs; mQ;rhd; my;yJ mQ;rhik. 116. tPukhKdptu; jk; ngaiu ijupaehjrhkp vd khw;wpf; nfhz;lhu;. 117. nfhd;];lhd; N[hrg; ng];fpf;F tPukhKdptu; vd;w ngaiur; #l;batu;fs; kJiu jkpo;r; rq;fj;jpdu;. 118. Njk;ghtzppapd; ghl;Lilj; jiytd; #irag;gu;. 119. VR ngUkhdpd; tsu;g;Gj; je;ij #irag;gu;. 120. tPukhKdptu; kiwe;j ,lk; mk;gyf;fhL. 121. jpUf;Fwspd; mwj;Jg;ghy;> nghUl;ghy; ,uz;ilAk; ,yj;jPdpy; nkhopngau;j;jtu; tPukhKdptu;. 122. tPukhKdptu; njhFj;j mfuhjp rJufuhjp. 123. tPukhKdptu; ,aw;wpa eifr;Rit fij gukhu;j;j FUfij. 124. tPukhKdptu; ,aw;wpa ,yf;fz Ehy; njhd;Dhy; tpsf;fk;. 125. ghz;bad; gupR vd;Dk; fhg;gpaj;ij ,aw;wpatu; ghNte;ju; ghujpjhrd;. 126. ghujpjhrdpd; ,aw;ngau; fdf Rg;Guj;jpdk;. 127. ghujpjhrd; gpwe;j Cu; GJr;Nrup. 128. Gul;rpf;ftpQu; vdg; Nghw;wg;gl;ltu; ghujpjhrd;. 129. ghujpjhrDf;F rhfpj;a mfhnjkp gupirg; ngw;Wj;je;j Ehy; gprpuhe;ijahu; ehlfk;. 130. tho;tpy; nrk;ikiar; nra;jts; ePNa vd;gJ GJit murpd; jkpo;j;jha; tho;j;Jg;ghly;. 131. ghujpjhrd; ntspapl;l ,jo; Fapy;. 132. jd; ,dj;ijAk; nkhopiaAk; ghlhj ftpQd; Ntupy;yh kuk;> $by;yh gwit vdf; $wpatu; ,u#y; fk;rNjt;. 133. FLk;gtpsf;fpd; Mrpupau; ghujpjhrd;. 134. gpuge;jk; vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs; ed;F fl;lg;gl;lJ vd;gjhFk;. 135. rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fSf;Fupa ,yf;fzj;ij tpsf;Fk; Ehy; ghl;bay; Ehy;fs;.


m.vopyurd; 21

136. ghl;bay; Ehy;fspy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ tr;rze;jp khiy. 137. rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fs; 96 tifg;gLk; vdf; $wpa Ehy; tPukhKdptupd; rJufuhjp. 138. cyh ,aw;Wtjw;F Vw;w ghtif fypntz;gh. 139. cyhTf;F toq;fg;gLk; NtWngau; cyhg;Gwk; my;yJ gtdptuy;. 140. %tUyh ghbatu; xl;lf;$j;ju;. 141. ,uhruhr NrhoDyhitg; ghbatu; xl;lf;$j;ju;. 142. ge;jak; itj;Jg;ghLtjpy; ty;ytu; xl;lf;$j;ju;. 143. ftpuhl;rrd;> ftpr;rf;futu;j;jp vd;W miof;fg;gl;lu; xl;lf;$j;ju;. 144. me;jhjpf;F toq;fg;gLk; NtWngau; nrhw;nwhlu; epiy. 145. jpUNtq;flj;je;jhjpiag; ghbatu; gps;isg; ngUkhs; Iaq;fhu;. 146. mofpa kzths jhru; vd miof;fg;gl;ltu; gps;isg; ngUkhs; Iaq;fhu;. 147. gps;isg; ngUkhs; Iaq;fhu; ahuplj;jpy; gzpahw;wpdhu;? jpUkiy ehaf;fu;. 148. jkpopy; Njhd;wpa Kjy; fyk;gfk; ee;jpf;fyk;gfk;. 149. jpUr;nre;Jhu; KUfdpd; mUshy; NgRk; jpwd; ngw;wtu; FkuFUguu;. 150. gps;isj;jkpo; ghLtjpy; ty;ytu; FkuFUguu;. 151. kPdhl;rpak;ik gps;isj;jkpiog; ghbatu; FkuFUguu;. 152. gps;isj;jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpy; kpfr; rpwe;j Ehy; FkuFUguupd; kPdhl;rpak;ik gps;isj;jkpo;. 153. FkuFUguu; ,aw;wpa Kjy; Ehy; fe;ju;fyp ntz;gh. 154. fhrp kd;dpd; md;igg; ngw FkuFUguu; ,aw;wpa Ehy; rfyfyh ty;ypkhiy. 155. jpUkiy ehaf;fu; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;ljw;fpzq;f FkuFUguu; ,aw;wpaJ ePjpnewp tpsf;fk;. 156. kJiuf; fyk;gfj;ij ,aw;wpatu; FkuFUguu;. 157. gjpndl;L cWg;Gf;fisf; nfhz;L ,aw;wg;gLtJ fyk;gfk;. 158. Gyd; vd;Dk; ,yf;fpa tifiar; rhu;e;jJ gs;S. 159. Kf;$lw; gs;Sf;Fupa ghtif rpe;Jg;gh. 160. Nrup nkhop vdf; Fwpf;fg;gLtJ gs;S. 161. ,yf;fpa kWkyu;r;rp ahu; fhyj;jpy; njhlq;fpaJ ghujpahu;. 162. ghujp vd;Dk; nrhy;ypd; nghUs; fiykfs;. 163. jkpo; ehl;by; jkpo;g;Gytd; ,y;iynaDk; tir ePq;fj; Njhd;wpatu; ghujpahu;. 164. njUnty;yhk; jkpo; Kof;fk; nropf;fr; nra;tPu; vd;W ghbatu; ghujpahu;. 165. ahkwpe;j nkhopfNs jkpo;nkhop Nghy; ,dpjhtnjq;Fk; fhNzhk; vd;wtu; ghujpahu;. 166. nrhy;ypy; cau;T jkpo;r;nrhy;Ny mijj; njhOJ gbj;jplb ghg;gh vd;W ghbatu; ghujpahu;. 167. ghujpahu; kPJ md;Gnfhz;ljd; fhuzkhf jk; ngaiu khw;wpf; nfhz;ltu; ghujpjhrd;. 168. nre;jkpio nrOe;jkpoha;f; fhz tpUk;gpatu; ghujpjhrd;. 169. fy;yhiuf; fhZq;fhy; fy;tp ey;fhj frlUf;F Jhf;Fkuk; mq;Nf cz;lhk; vd;W vr;rupj;jtu; ghujpjhrd;. 170. thzpjhrdpd; ,aw;ngau; muq;frhkp vd;w vj;jpuhRY. 171. jkpo;-gpnuQ;R ifalf;f mfuKjypia ntspapl;ltu; ftpQu; thzpjhrd;. 172. gpnuQ;Rf; FbauRj; jiytu; thzpjhrDf;F toq;fpa tpUJ nrthypau;. 173. ftpQNuW> ghtyu; kzp vd miof;fg;gl;ltu; thzpjhrd;. 174. jkpofj;jpd; Nthu;;l;];nthu;j; vd miof;fg;gl;ltu; thzpjhrd;. 175. ghujpjhrdpd; jiy khzhf;fd; Rujh. 176. Rg;Guj;jpdjhrd; vd;gjpd; RUf;fk; Rujh. 177. ctikf;ftpQu; vd;W ghuhl;lg;gl;ltu; Rujh. 178. jkpof murpd; jkpo; tsu;r;rpj;Jiw gupirg; ngw;w Rujhtpd; Ehy; Njd;kio. 179. Njd;kio vd;w Ehiy ,aw;wpatu; Rujh. 180. ftpQu; Rujhtpd; ,aw;ngau; ,uhrNfhghyd;. 181. jkpof ,aypir ehlf kd;wk; ftpQu; Rujhtpw;F toq;fpa gupR ghNte;ju; epidT gupR. 182. JiwKfk; vd;w ftpijj; njhFg;gpd; Mrpupau; Rujh. 183. kdpjNeak; vd;w Mye;Jhu;.Nfh.Nkhfduq;fdpd; ftpij ,lk;ngw;Ws;s Ehy; ey;y cyfk; ehis kyUk;. 184. jkpof murpd; gupirg; ngw;w Mye;Jhu;.Nfh.Nkhfduq;fdpd; ftpijj; njhFg;G ,kak; vq;fs; fhybapy;. 185. Ntiyfsy;y Nts;tpfNs vd;Dk; jhuhghujpapd; ftpij ,lk;ngw;w Ehy; ,J vq;fs; fpof;F. 186. tpuy; Edp ntspr;rq;fs; vd;w ftpij Ehiyg;gilj;jtu; ftpQu; jhuhghujp. 187. G+kpiaj; jpwf;Fk; nghd;rhtp vd;w ftpij Ehiyg; gilj;jtu; ftpQu; jhuhghujp. 188. jPf;Fr;rpfs; vd;Dk; ftpf;Nfh mg;Jy; uFkhd; ftpij ,lk; ngw;w Ehy; Rl;Ltpuy;. 189. kuGf;ftpijapy; Ntu; ghu;j;jtu;> GJf;ftpijapy; kyu; ghu;j;jtu; ftpf;Nfh mg;Jy; uFkhd;. 190. gbkf; ftpQu; vd miof;fg;gl;ltu; ftpf;Nfh mg;Jy; uFkhd;. 191. ftpf;Nfh mg;Jy; uFkhDf;F jkpo;g; gy;fiyf;fofk; mspj;j tpUJ jkpod;id tpUJ. 192. ghy; tPjp> Neau; tpUg;gk; Nghd;w Ehy;fis ,aw;wpatu; ftpf;Nfh mg;Jy; uFkhd;. 193. Re;juupd; Njthuk; 7-k; jpUKiwapy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.


m.vopyurd; 22

194. Re;juupd; gps;isj; jpUg;ngau; ek;gpahUuu;. 195. Re;juiu tsu;j;jtu; eurpq;f Kidaiuau;. 196. jk;gpuhd; Njhou; vd miof;fg;gl;ltu; Re;juu;. 197. jpUj;njhz;lu; njhif vd;w Ehiy ,aw;wpatu; Re;juu;. 198. Mo;thu;fs; gd;dpUtuhy; mUsg;gl;lJ ehyhapuj;jpt;tpa gpuge;jk;. 199. ngUkhs; jpUnkhopiag; ghbatu; FyNrfu Mo;thu;. 200. ehyhapuj;jpt;tpa gpuge;jj;jpw;F ciu fz;ltu; ngupathr;rhd; gps;is. 201. jpUtha;nkhopf;F ciu vOjpatu; tlf;Fj; jpUtPjpg;gps;is. 202. tlf;Fj; jpUtPjpg;gps;is ,aw;wpa ciu <L vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ. 203. jz;lkpo; Mrhd;> rhj;jd; vd;W Gfog;gLgtu; rPj;jiyr;rhj;jdhu;. 204. kzpNkfiy EhYf;F toq;fg;gLk; NtW ngau; kzpNkfiyj; JwT. 205. ePyNfrpf;F toq;fg;gLk; NtWngau; ePyNfrpj; jpul;L 206. ,ul;rzpak; vd;gjpd; nghUs; Md;k <Nlw;wk;. 207. ,ul;rzpa ahj;jpupfk; kw;Wk; ,ul;rzpa kNdhfuj;ij ,aw;wpatu; vr;.V.fpU\;zg;gps;is. 208. fpUj;Jtf; fk;gu; vd;W Nghw;wg;gLgtu; vr;.V.fpU\;zg;gps;is. 209. rPwhg;Guhzj;jpd; Mrpupau; ckWg;Gytu;. 210. ckWg;Gytupd; Mrpupau; ngau; fbif Kj;Jg;Gytu;. 211. rPwhg;Guhzk; vOjj; Jhz;LNfhyhf ,Ue;jtu; ts;sy; rPjf;fhjp. 212. rpd;dr;rPwhit ,aw;wpatu; gD mFkJ kiuf;fhuu;. 213. KJnkhop khiyia ,aw;wpatu; ckWg;Gytu;. 214. rPjf;fhjp nehz;b ehlfj;ij vOjpatu; ckWg;Gytu;. 215. rPjf;fhjpapd; kiwTf;Fg; gpwF ckWg;Gytiu Mjupj;jtu; mGy; fhrpk; kiuf;fhau;.

IV ---- y; cs;s 8 kjpg;ngz; tpdhit gbf;Fk; nghOJ> Ntiyfs; my;y Nts;tpfs;> jPf;Fr;rpfs; Nghd;w ghly;fisAk; y; cs;s 8 kjpg;ngz; tpdhit gbf;Fk; nghOJ> Ntiyfs; my;y Nts;tpfs;> jPf;Fr;rpfs; Nghd;w ghly;fisAk; y; cs;s 8 kjpg;ngz; tpdhit gbf;Fk; nghOJ> Ntiyfs; my;y Nts;tpfs;> jPf;Fr;rpfs; Nghd;w ghly;fisAk; y; cs;s 8 kjpg;ngz; tpdhit gbf;Fk; nghOJ> Ntiyfs; my;y Nts;tpfs;> jPf;Fr;rpfs; Nghd;w ghly;fisAk; Nju;e;njLj;J Nju;e;njLj;J Nju;e;njLj;J Nju;e;njLj;J gbf;fyhk;. gbf;f kpf vspikagbf;fyhk;. gbf;f kpf vspikagbf;fyhk;. gbf;f kpf vspikagbf;fyhk;. gbf;f kpf vspikahd hd hd hd ghly;fs; ,it. ghlyhf vOjpAk;ghly;fs; ,it. ghlyhf vOjpAk;ghly;fs; ,it. ghlyhf vOjpAk;ghly;fs; ,it. ghlyhf vOjpAk; KO kjpg;ngz; ngwyhk;.KO kjpg;ngz; ngwyhk;.KO kjpg;ngz; ngwyhk;.KO kjpg;ngz; ngwyhk;.

jhs; jhs; jhs; jhs; ---- 1 1 1 1 ---- Kf;fpag;gFjpKf;fpag;gFjpKf;fpag;gFjpKf;fpag;gFjp gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; ,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G Gzu;r;rp tpjppGzu;r;rp tpjppGzu;r;rp tpjppGzu;r;rp tpjpp

tho;j;Jtk; mbtho;j;Jtk; KJkuk; jpwe;J thopa thopa ngUq;fspW Xk;Gkpd; jpde;jpdk; md;Gil mirj;j jpUe;Jnkhop fLe;jpwy; te;jdd; thopa gfYiw nfhs;tu; xOFePu; khrw;whu; nra;f fad;Ks; fhw;rpyk;G Gf;Nfd; fbkfs; epd;dUs; Nehf;fpa xuP, G+q;nfhbahs; czu;kpd; itafKk; thdfKk; kzpf;fOj;J gl;Nld; joP, jpidasT miwjy; khQhyk; tpz;zpb Gide;Njhk; itNty; nrUf;nfo ele;jd khkzp fw;Nfhb MLfpd;w miwe;jiwe;J ,Ul;fly; tpLthu; kjptpsf;F jPf;Fr;rp Nehf;fp tpf;fp tpf;fp G+Q;Nrhiy kwtw;f Gil Gil ehndd;W Jwtw;f ey;yhw;Wg;g^ck; Ks;spiy

nghJtpay; jpiznghJtpay; jpiznghJtpay; jpiznghJtpay; jpiz nghUz;nkhopf;fhQ;rpj;JiwnghUz;nkhopf;fhQ;rpj;JiwnghUz;nkhopf;fhQ;rpj;JiwnghUz;nkhopf;fhQ;rpj;Jiw nrh.ngh.gpd;tUk; epiyazpnrh.ngh.gpd;tUk; epiyazpnrh.ngh.gpd;tUk; epiyazpnrh.ngh.gpd;tUk; epiyazp

jw;Fwpg;Ngw;wzpjw;Fwpg;Ngw;wzpjw;Fwpg;Ngw;wzpjw;Fwpg;Ngw;wzp


m.vopyurd; 23

ciueilciueilciueilciueil

1.cah;jdpr; nrk;nkhop1.cah;jdpr; nrk;nkhop1.cah;jdpr; nrk;nkhop1.cah;jdpr; nrk;nkhop 1.nre;jkpo;ehL> nfhLe;jkpo;1.nre;jkpo;ehL> nfhLe;jkpo;1.nre;jkpo;ehL> nfhLe;jkpo;1.nre;jkpo;ehL> nfhLe;jkpo; ehLehLehLehL vd;w gpupTfs; gw;wpg; gupjpkhw;fiyQu; ciug;gd ahit?vd;w gpupTfs; gw;wpg; gupjpkhw;fiyQu; ciug;gd ahit?vd;w gpupTfs; gw;wpg; gupjpkhw;fiyQu; ciug;gd ahit?vd;w gpupTfs; gw;wpg; gupjpkhw;fiyQu; ciug;gd ahit?

• nre;jkpo; ehL :nre;jkpo; ehL :nre;jkpo; ehL :nre;jkpo; ehL : nghjpif kiyapy; vOe;jUspa mfj;jpa KdptUk;> nrse;ju ghz;bad; vd;Dk; jkpo; kd;dUk;

rq;fg; Gyth;fSk; jioj;jpdpNj tho;e;j kq;fyj; jd;ik nfhz;l ghz;ba tsehNl nre;jkpo; ehlhFk;.

• nfhLe;jkpo; ehL:nfhLe;jkpo; ehL:nfhLe;jkpo; ehL:nfhLe;jkpo; ehL: nre;jkpo; epyj;ijr; Nrh;e;j 12 FWepyq;fSk; Fw;wkpy;yhf; nfhLe;jkpo; ehlhFk;. mit>

1.njd;ghz;b ehL 2.Fl;l ehL 3.FlehL 4.fw;fh ehL 5.NtzhL 6.G+opehL 7.gd;wp ehL 8.mUth ehL 9.mUth tljiyehL 10.rPjehL 11.kiyakhd; ehL 12.Gdy; ehL.

2.jkpo; nkhopapd; kPJ gw;wpy;yhj jkpoh;fisg; ghpjpkhw; fiyQh; fbe;Jiug;gJ ahq;qdk;? 2.jkpo; nkhopapd; kPJ gw;wpy;yhj jkpoh;fisg; ghpjpkhw; fiyQh; fbe;Jiug;gJ ahq;qdk;? 2.jkpo; nkhopapd; kPJ gw;wpy;yhj jkpoh;fisg; ghpjpkhw; fiyQh; fbe;Jiug;gJ ahq;qdk;? 2.jkpo; nkhopapd; kPJ gw;wpy;yhj jkpoh;fisg; ghpjpkhw; fiyQh; fbe;Jiug;gJ ahq;qdk;?

• Jzpe;Jiu:Jzpe;Jiu:Jzpe;Jiu:Jzpe;Jiu: Mq;fpyk; fw;w jkpoh;fspy; gyh; jkJ jha;nkhopahd jkpiof; fw;f Ntz;baJ> mtrpak; ,y;iy

vd;fpd;wdh;. mjw;F mth;fs; $Wk; fhuzk;> jkf;F Ntz;ba nra;jpfs; midj;Jk; Mq;fpyj;jpNyNa fpilf;fpd;wd vd;gjhFk;. mj;jifNahh; Mq;fpyj;jpd; rpwg;igf; $WtNjhL epWj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;LNk jtpu jkpiof; fw;f Ntz;baJ mtrpak; ,y;;iy vd;W $WtJ mwpahik fye;j Jzpe;JiuahFk;.

• fbe;Jiu:fbe;Jiu:fbe;Jiu:fbe;Jiu: ,J jha;ehl;Lg; gw;Wk; jha;nkhopg; gw;Wk; mw;wth; $w;whFk;. Mq;fpNyah; ehl;Lg;gw;Wk;

nkhopg;gw;Wk; kpFe;jth;fs;. ,e;j ,uz;L gw;Wk; ,y;yhjth;fis mth;fs; kjpf;f khl;lhh;fs;. gpwnkhop ty;Yeh;fs; jkpopd; kPJ Mh;tk; nfhz;L> jkpiof; fw;W> jkpo; E}y;fisj; jq;fs; nkhopapy; nkhop ngah;j;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wdh;. ,ijnay;yhk; ghh;j;j gpwfhtJ jkpo; topf;fy;tp mtrpakd;W vd;W $WNthh;f;Fg; Gj;jp tul;Lk; vdj; jkpopd; kPJ gw;wpy;yhj jkpoh;fisg; ghpjpkhw; fiyQh; fbe;Jiuf;fpwhh;.

3.jkpio cs;ehl;L nkhopfNshL xg;g itj;J 3.jkpio cs;ehl;L nkhopfNshL xg;g itj;J 3.jkpio cs;ehl;L nkhopfNshL xg;g itj;J 3.jkpio cs;ehl;L nkhopfNshL xg;g itj;J tifg;gLj;Jjy; MfhJ vd;W gutifg;gLj;Jjy; MfhJ vd;W gutifg;gLj;Jjy; MfhJ vd;W gutifg;gLj;Jjy; MfhJ vd;W gupjpkhwpjpkhwpjpkhwpjpkhw;fiyQu; $WtJ Vd;?;fiyQu; $WtJ Vd;?;fiyQu; $WtJ Vd;?;fiyQu; $WtJ Vd;?

• jkpOf;F ,opT:jkpOf;F ,opT:jkpOf;F ,opT:jkpOf;F ,opT: jkpo;ehl;by; Mq;fpNyah; Ml;rp Vw;gl;l gpd;dh; jkpo;nkhopia mjd; topnkhopfshfpa njYq;F>

fd;dlk;> kiyahsk;> JS Mfpatw;NwhL mlf;fp> ‘cz;zhl;L nkhopfs;’ vd;W rpyh; tifg;gLj;jpdh;. jdpnkhopahfpa jkpo; nkhopia> mjd; topnkhopfNshL xg;gpLtJ jkpo;nkhopf;F ,opitj; jUtjhFk;. mwpQh;fs; Mhpa nkhopfspy; jiyrpwe;j tlnkhopia> mjd; topnkhopfNshL xd;whf itj;J vz;zkhl;lhu;fs;. mJNghyNt> jkpo; nkhopiaAk; mjd; topnkhopfNshL xd;whf itj;J vz;zf; $lhJ. jdpnkhopahd jkpOf;F chpa kjpg;gspf;f Ntz;Lk;.

• tha; Ngrhik:tha; Ngrhik:tha; Ngrhik:tha; Ngrhik: nrd;idg; gy;fiyf;fofk;> jkpio cz;zhl;L nkhopfs; vd;W tifg;gLj;jpa NghNj mt;thW

tifg;gLj;jy; $lhJ> vd;W jkpo;nkhop Mh;tyh; kWj;J> jkpopd; ,opepiyiag; Nghf;fpapUf;f Ntz;Lk;. mg;nghOJ Ngrhky; ,Ue;J tpl;ldh; jkpo;nkhopahsh;. ,t;thW jkpio cz;zhl;L nkhopfNshL xg;gpl;L tifg;gLj;jy; MfhJ vd;fpwhh; ghpjpkhw;fiyQh;;.

5555.,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk; vd;Dk; Kj;jkpo; tifik Fwpj;Jg; gupjpkhw;fiyQu; ciug;gdw;iwj; njhFj;J tiuf..,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk; vd;Dk; Kj;jkpo; tifik Fwpj;Jg; gupjpkhw;fiyQu; ciug;gdw;iwj; njhFj;J tiuf..,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk; vd;Dk; Kj;jkpo; tifik Fwpj;Jg; gupjpkhw;fiyQu; ciug;gdw;iwj; njhFj;J tiuf..,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk; vd;Dk; Kj;jkpo; tifik Fwpj;Jg; gupjpkhw;fiyQu; ciug;gdw;iwj; njhFj;J tiuf.

• Kd;Diu:Kd;Diu:Kd;Diu:Kd;Diu: njhd;W njhl;Lj; jkpo;nkhop ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk; vd;Dk; %d;W gphpTfis cilaJ. me;j %tifg; ghFghLfs; Fwpj;J ,f;fl;Liuapy; fhz;Nghk;.

• ,aw;wkpo;:,aw;wkpo;:,aw;wkpo;:,aw;wkpo;: nra;As; kw;Wk; trdk; Mfpatw;wpd; njhFjpNa ,aw;wkpo; MFk;. NkYk;> ,tw;Ws; ,yf;fz ,yf;fpaq;fSk; mlq;Fk;.

nre;jkpo; : trd E}y;fs;> nra;As; E}y;fs;. nfhLe;jkpo; : trd E}y;fs;> nra;As; E}y;fs;.

• ,irj;jkpo;:,irj;jkpo;:,irj;jkpo;:,irj;jkpo;: ,irj;jkpo; vd;gJ ‘gz;nzhL fye;Jk; jhsj;NjhL Nrh;e;Jk; mikAk; nra;AshFk;” . o ,irj;jkpopy; mlq;Ftd: fPh;j;jidfs;> thpg; ghly;fs;> Mde;jf;fspg;G> rpe;J> Fk;kp> njk;khq;F

Kjypad ,irj;jkpopy; mlq;Ftd MFk;.

o Kw;fhyk; ,irj;jkpo; Ehy;fs;: ngUehiu> ngUq;FUF> ,ir EZf;fk;> jhstifNahj;J vd;gd Kw;fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;j ,irj;jkpo; E}y;fshFk;.

o ,ilf;fhy ,irj;jkpo; E}y;fs;: Njthuk; ,ilf;fhy ,irj;jkpo; E}yhFk;. o jw;fhy ,irj;jkpo; E}y;fs;: fe;jGuhzf; fPh;j;jid> nghpaGuhzf; fPh;j;jid Kjypad jw;fhyj;jpy;

toq;fp tUk; ,irj;jkpo; E}y;fshFk;.


m.vopyurd; 24

• ehlfj;jkpo;:ehlfj;jkpo;:ehlfj;jkpo;:ehlfj;jkpo;: ,aw;wkpo;> ,irj;jkpo; Mfpa ,uz;ilAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L gpwe;jNj ehlfj; jkpo;.

o ehlfj;jkpopd; rpwg;gpay;Gfs;: ifapy; Gj;jfj;ij vLj;Jg; gbf;f Neukpy;yhj gzpahsh;fSf;Fk;> gbf;fj; njhpahj %lu;fSf;Fk; ey;ywpT Gfl;Lk; Nehf;fj;Jld; vOe;jNj ehlfj;jkpo;. mJ Nfl;Nghh;f;Fk; fhz;Nghh;f;Fk; ,d;gk; jUtjhy; vspa kf;fSk; ehbr; nry;fpd;wdh;.

o fhl;rp kw;Wk; Nfs;tp ,d;gk;: ,aYk; ,irAk; Nfs;tp ,d;gk; kl;LNk jUtd. ehlfj;jkpNoh Nfs;tp ,d;gj;Jld; fhl;rp ,d;gKk; jUfpwJ. NkYk;> mJ cs;sij cs;sthNw fhl;LfpwJ. ,jdhy;jhd; gpwehl;ltUk; ehlfj;ij Nkd;ik ciladthf kjpf;fpd;wdh;.

• KbTiu:KbTiu:KbTiu:KbTiu: ,t;thW ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk; vd;Dk; Kj;jkpo; tifik Fwpj;J Kj;J Kj;jhd fUj;Jfisg; ghpjpkhw; fiyQh; njhptpj;Js;shh;.

1.,irj;jkpo; vd;gJ ahJ? Kf;fhy ,irj;jkpo; 1.,irj;jkpo; vd;gJ ahJ? Kf;fhy ,irj;jkpo; 1.,irj;jkpo; vd;gJ ahJ? Kf;fhy ,irj;jkpo; 1.,irj;jkpo; vd;gJ ahJ? Kf;fhy ,irj;jkpo; Ehy;fs; ahit?Ehy;fs; ahit?Ehy;fs; ahit?Ehy;fs; ahit? (3 gj;jp)(3 gj;jp)(3 gj;jp)(3 gj;jp) 2.ehlfj;jkpopd; rpwg;gpay;Gfs; ahit?2.ehlfj;jkpopd; rpwg;gpay;Gfs; ahit?2.ehlfj;jkpopd; rpwg;gpay;Gfs; ahit?2.ehlfj;jkpopd; rpwg;gpay;Gfs; ahit? (4 gj;jp)(4 gj;jp)(4 gj;jp)(4 gj;jp)

6666.jkpo; cah;jdpr;nrk;nkhop .jkpo; cah;jdpr;nrk;nkhop .jkpo; cah;jdpr;nrk;nkhop .jkpo; cah;jdpr;nrk;nkhop ---- ,j;jiyg;gpd;fPo;g; gupjpkhw;fiyQu; ciug;gdtw;iwj; njhFj;J tiuf.,j;jiyg;gpd;fPo;g; gupjpkhw;fiyQu; ciug;gdtw;iwj; njhFj;J tiuf.,j;jiyg;gpd;fPo;g; gupjpkhw;fiyQu; ciug;gdtw;iwj; njhFj;J tiuf.,j;jiyg;gpd;fPo;g; gupjpkhw;fiyQu; ciug;gdtw;iwj; njhFj;J tiuf.

• cah;nkhop:cah;nkhop:cah;nkhop:cah;nkhop: jhd; toq;Fk; ehl;bs;s nkhopfSf;Fj; jiyikAk; kpf;f Nkd;ikAk; cila nkhopNa cah;nkhop vdg;gLk;. njYq;F> fd;dlk;> kiyahsk;> JS Kjypa nkhopfSf;F jiyikAk; kpf;f Nkd;ikAk; cilajhy;> jkpo;nkhopahdJ cah;nkhopNa vd;gjpy; vt;tpj Iag;ghLkpy;iy.

• jdpnkhop:jdpnkhop:jdpnkhop:jdpnkhop: vt;tpj ,lu;ghLkpd;wp> jdpj;J ,aq;Fk; Mw;wy; cila nkhopNa jdpnkhop vdg;gLk;. jkpo; nkhopapd; cjtp ,y;yhky; njYq;F> fd;dlk;> kiyahsk;> JS Nghd;w nkhopfs; ,aq;fhJ. Mdhy; jkpo; nkhopahdJ gpw nkhopfspd; cjtp ,y;yhky; jdpj;J ,aq;ff; $baJ. ,e;jpa nkhop E}w; Gyth;fSk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;l cz;ik ,J. MfNt> jkpo;nkhop jdpnkhopNa.

• nrk;nkhopnrk;nkhopnrk;nkhopnrk;nkhop----,yf;fzk;:,yf;fzk;:,yf;fzk;:,yf;fzk;: ‘jpUe;jpa gz;Gk; rPh;j;j ehfhpfKk; nghUe;jpa J}a;nkhop Gfy; nrk;nkhopahk;’ vd;gJ ,yf;fzk;. ,t;tpyf;fzk; jkpo;nkhopapy; ,ay;ghfNt mike;Js;sJ.

• jpUe;jpa gz;G:jpUe;jpa gz;G:jpUe;jpa gz;G:jpUe;jpa gz;G: ,lh;gl;l nrhy; KbTfSk; nghUs; KbTfSk; ,y;yhky;> nrhy;gth; nrhy;Yk; fUj;ij> Nfl;gth; njspthf czuf; $bajhf nkhop ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. NkYk;> gioad fope;J Gjpad GFe;J jpUj;jk; cilajhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,itjhk; jpUe;jpa gz;G vdg;gLk;. ,g;gz;G jkpo;nkhopaplj;J Kw;Wk; mike;jpUf;fpwJ.

• rPh;j;j ehfhpfk;:rPh;j;j ehfhpfk;:rPh;j;j ehfhpfk;:rPh;j;j ehfhpfk;: ehl;bd; tsh;r;rpf;F Vw;g nrhw;fs; Gjpjhfj; Njhd;wp> ehfuPf tsu;r;rpf;F cjt Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW Njhd;Wk; nrhw;fs; gpwnkhop fythky;> jd; jha;nkhop nrhw;fshfNt ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,J Kw;wpYk; nghUe;Jtjhy; jkpo; nkhopahdJ> rpPu;j;j ehfhpfk; nghUe;jpa Jha;nkhopahFk;.

1.jkpo;nkhop cau;nkhop> jdpnkhop vd ciuf;fg;glf; fhuzq;fs; ahit? 1.jkpo;nkhop cau;nkhop> jdpnkhop vd ciuf;fg;glf; fhuzq;fs; ahit? 1.jkpo;nkhop cau;nkhop> jdpnkhop vd ciuf;fg;glf; fhuzq;fs; ahit? 1.jkpo;nkhop cau;nkhop> jdpnkhop vd ciuf;fg;glf; fhuzq;fs; ahit? ((((1>21>21>21>2----gj;jpgj;jpgj;jpgj;jp)))) 2.nrk;nkhopapd; ,yf;fzk; ahJ? 2.nrk;nkhopapd; ,yf;fzk; ahJ? 2.nrk;nkhopapd; ,yf;fzk; ahJ? 2.nrk;nkhopapd; ,yf;fzk; ahJ? ((((3>4>53>4>53>4>53>4>5----gj;jp)gj;jp)gj;jp)gj;jp)

2.rkurk;2.rkurk;2.rkurk;2.rkurk; 1.cyfpy; rkurk; guthikf;Ff; fhuzq;fshfj; jpU.tp.f. $Wtd ahit? 1.cyfpy; rkurk; guthikf;Ff; fhuzq;fshfj; jpU.tp.f. $Wtd ahit? 1.cyfpy; rkurk; guthikf;Ff; fhuzq;fshfj; jpU.tp.f. $Wtd ahit? 1.cyfpy; rkurk; guthikf;Ff; fhuzq;fshfj; jpU.tp.f. $Wtd ahit?

cyfpy; rkurk; guthikf;Ff; fhuzk; gyglf; $wyhk;. kdpjdplj;jpy; Fbnfhz;Ls;s mOf;fhW> mth> ntFsp Mfpait kdpjidr; rkur Qhdpahf;Ftjpy;iy. rkurj;ijg; gw;wpg; NgRtJk; vOJtJk; vspJ. Mdhy;> mij eilKiwf;Ff; nfhz;LtUtNjh mhpJ. vdNt> kdpjd; rkurj;ijg; gw;wpg; NgRtijf; fhl;bYk; mij eilKiwapy; nfhz;Ltu Kay;tNj mwpTilikahFk;.

2222.ekJ ehl;by; ePz;l fhykhf epfo;e;J tUk; ngUq;nfhiy vd;W jpU.tp.f tUe;jp .ekJ ehl;by; ePz;l fhykhf epfo;e;J tUk; ngUq;nfhiy vd;W jpU.tp.f tUe;jp .ekJ ehl;by; ePz;l fhykhf epfo;e;J tUk; ngUq;nfhiy vd;W jpU.tp.f tUe;jp .ekJ ehl;by; ePz;l fhykhf epfo;e;J tUk; ngUq;nfhiy vd;W jpU.tp.f tUe;jp ciug;gdtw;iw vOJf.ciug;gdtw;iw vOJf.ciug;gdtw;iw vOJf.ciug;gdtw;iw vOJf.

• ekJ ehl;by; ePz;l fhykhf xU ngUq;nfhiy epfo;e;J tUfpwJ. mf;nfhiy cyfpw;Fj; njhptjpy;iy. mjhtJ nghpNahh; mwpTWj;jpa nfhs;iffisf; Fop Njhz;bg; Gijj;J tpl;L> mth;fspd; cUtj;jpw;F kl;Lk; topghL nra;Ak; ngha;nahOf;fk; tof;fpy; ,Ue;J tUfpwJ.

• ‘rhj;jpuk; gy NgRk; rof;fh;fhs; Nfhj;jpuKk; FyKk; nfhz;L vd; nra;tPh;?’ vd;Wk; ‘rhjp> Fyk;> gpwg;G

vd;Dk; Ropg;gl;Lj; jLkhWk;’ vd;Wk; $wpr; nrd;w nghpNahh;fis topgLNthh;> rhjp NtWghLfisg; ghh;g;gJ Ntjid. rhjpiaf; flTshfTk; rkakhfTk; fUJk; ,th;fs; rkurj;ij typAWj;jpr; nrd;w nghpNahu;fis topgLtjw;F jFjpAz;lh? ntWk; cUtj;ij kl;Lk; topgLtJ topghlhFkh? nghpNahh; mwpTWj;jpa newpapy; epd;W tho;tJjhNd cz;ikahd topghlhFk;.

3333....ehL> rhjp> rkak; ,tw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L rkur czh;tpdpd;W khWgLjy; jtwhk;ehL> rhjp> rkak; ,tw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L rkur czh;tpdpd;W khWgLjy; jtwhk;ehL> rhjp> rkak; ,tw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L rkur czh;tpdpd;W khWgLjy; jtwhk;ehL> rhjp> rkak; ,tw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L rkur czh;tpdpd;W khWgLjy; jtwhk; vd;W jpU.tp.f. vd;W jpU.tp.f. vd;W jpU.tp.f. vd;W jpU.tp.f. thjpLtij tpsf;FfthjpLtij tpsf;FfthjpLtij tpsf;FfthjpLtij tpsf;Ff.

• ehehehehL:L:L:L:

o gpwehl;il tUj;Jjy;: xUtd; jhd; gpwe;j ehl;ilj; jha;Nghy; Nerpf;fyhk;. Mdhy;> me;j Nerj;ij itj;J>

vf;fhuzk; nfhz;Lk; kw;w ehLfisj; Jd;GWj;Jjy; $lhJ. fly;fSk; kiyfSk; fhLfSk; ehLfisg; gphpf;fpd;wd. ,g;gphpitf; nfhz;L> xU ehl;lhh; ,d;ndhU ehl;lhiu tUj;Jjy; $lhJ. Nkiy ehl;lhh;> jhk; gpwe;j ehl;bd; nghUl;Lg; gpwehLfisg; gw;Wtjpy; jpwik tha;e;jth;. gpwehl;ltiu tUj;Jtjw;Nf Mfha tpkhdq;fisAk; ePh;%o;fpf; fg;gy;fisAk; er;Rf; fhw;Wf;fisAk; fz;lwpe;jtu;fs;.


m.vopyurd; 25

o kw;wtiuAk; kjpf;f Ntz;Lk;: jq;fs; ehl;ilNa flTsha;f; fUJk; ,th;fSf;F gpw ehl;lthplKk; flTs; ,Uj;jy;

Gydhtjpy;iy. kw;wth;f;Fk; grp Kjypad cz;L vd;gij mth;fs; rpe;jpj;Jg; ghh;g;gjpy;iy. vy;yh ehl;ltUk; ek; rNfhjuh;fNs vd;gij czuhj gyh;> ehL vd;Dk; gw;why; rkurj;ij ,of;fpd;wdh;.

• rhjp:rhjp:rhjp:rhjp:

gpwg;gpy; cah;T jho;T fUJjy; jtW. gpwg;gpy; cah;T jho;T fUJjy; ngUq;Fw;wk;.

gpwg;ghy; cah;T jho;T fUJk; cs;sj;jpy;> xUNghJk; rkurr; rhay; gluhJ. vy;yhf; nfhLikfspYk; jiyahaJ rhjpf; nfhLik. rhjpf; nfhLikfisf; fisa> rhd;Nwhh; ngUKaw;rp nra;jdh;. Mdhy;> mk;Kaw;rpfs; ahTk; tpoYf;F ,iwj;j ePh;Nghd;W tPzhapd.

• rkantwp:rkantwp:rkantwp:rkantwp: rkantwp> flTspd;kPJ nfhz;l md;igf; nfLf;Fk;. rkantwpahy; jd; rkaj;jpd; kPJ gw;Wf;

nfhz;L Vida rkaj;jhiu epe;jpf;fpwhd;. ,/J mwpahik. rkak; vd;gJ xd;Nw> mJNt rkurk; vd;gjhFk;. gy rka czh;Tk; jd; rkag;gw;Wk; rkurj;ij mopj;J tpLfpd;wd. Mjyhy;> rkantwp $lhJ vd;fpwhh; jpU.tp.f. 1.1.1.1. ehL vd;Dk; ehL vd;Dk; ehL vd;Dk; ehL vd;Dk; gw;why; rkurj;ij ,og;gJ gw;wp gw;why; rkurj;ij ,og;gJ gw;wp gw;why; rkurj;ij ,og;gJ gw;wp gw;why; rkurj;ij ,og;gJ gw;wp jpU.tp.f. ciug;gd ahit? jpU.tp.f. ciug;gd ahit? jpU.tp.f. ciug;gd ahit? jpU.tp.f. ciug;gd ahit? ((((1111----gj;jp)gj;jp)gj;jp)gj;jp) 2. 2. 2. 2. rhjpf; nfhLik> rka ntwp Kjyprhjpf; nfhLik> rka ntwp Kjyprhjpf; nfhLik> rka ntwp Kjyprhjpf; nfhLik> rka ntwp Kjypad rkur czh;itf; Fiyg;gdthk; ad rkur czh;itf; Fiyg;gdthk; ad rkur czh;itf; Fiyg;gdthk; ad rkur czh;itf; Fiyg;gdthk; ---- Ma;f. Ma;f. Ma;f. Ma;f. ((((2>32>32>32>3----gj;jp)gj;jp)gj;jp)gj;jp)

3.ftpij3.ftpij3.ftpij3.ftpij 1. ftpij 1. ftpij 1. ftpij 1. ftpij vd;gJ ahJ? vd;gJ ahJ? vd;gJ ahJ? vd;gJ ahJ?

• Nfhyhpl;[;:Nfhyhpl;[;:Nfhyhpl;[;:Nfhyhpl;[;: nrhw;fisr; rpwe;j Kiwapy; itg;gJ trdk;. rpwe;j nrhw;fisr; rpwe;j Kiwapy; itg;gJ ftpij.

• Nthh;l;];nthh;j;:Nthh;l;];nthh;j;:Nthh;l;];nthh;j;:Nthh;l;];nthh;j;: ftpij vd;gJ ahJ? vd;w tpdhtpw;F Nthh;l;];nthh;j; mspj;j tpsf;fk; cyfg; Gfo; ngw;wJ.

Mw;wy; epuk;gpa nrhw;fs; jhkhfg; nghq;fp tUtJjhd; ftpij

Mw;wy; epuk;gpa nrhw;fs; vg;NghJ ntspg;gLfpd;wd? Nfhgj;jpy; jhd; ntspg;gLfpd;wd. mg;gbahdhy; Nfhgj;jpy; ntspg;gLk; nrhw;fs; ftpij MFkh? MfhJ. ,jid tpsf;f> Kd;G vOe;j Xh; czh;r;rpg; ngUf;if kPz;Lk; rhe;jkhd epiyapy; epidtpw;Ff; nfhz;L tUk; NghJjhd; ftpij Njhd;WfpwJ vd;whh; mth;.

2. ftpijapd; ,ay;Gfs; ahit?2. ftpijapd; ,ay;Gfs; ahit?2. ftpijapd; ,ay;Gfs; ahit?2. ftpijapd; ,ay;Gfs; ahit?

• fPl;];:fPl;];:fPl;];:fPl;];:

o fhy;tha; ,y;yhj ,lj;jpy; nga;Ak; xsp kioNa ftpij o Mw;wypd; rpfuk;

o Mw;wy; jdJ tyg;Gaj;jpy; jiy rha;j;J ghjp cwq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; epiyNa ftpij.

• [hd;u];fpd;:[hd;u];fpd;:[hd;u];fpd;:[hd;u];fpd;:

o rPupa czh;r;rpf;Fhpa fhuzq;fisg; ghtdh rf;jpahy; Fwpg;gLtNj ftpij

• Mq;fpyg; Ngufuhjp:Mq;fpyg; Ngufuhjp:Mq;fpyg; Ngufuhjp:Mq;fpyg; Ngufuhjp:

o nra;As; tbtpy; ,aw;wg;gLtNj ftpij.

• gtze;jp Kdpthgtze;jp Kdpthgtze;jp Kdpthgtze;jp Kdpth;:

o gy;tif cWg;Gfisf; nfhz;l cly; capUf;F Mjhukhf ,Ug;gJ Nghy gytifr; nrhw;fs; nghUSf;F ,lkhfp> fy;tpapdhy; rpwe;Njhu; ,aw;WtNj ftpij vd;fpwhu; gtze;jp Kdpth;.

3.ftpijf;Fhpa ey;ypay;Gfshff; fk;gh; $Wtd. 3.ftpijf;Fhpa ey;ypay;Gfshff; fk;gh; $Wtd. 3.ftpijf;Fhpa ey;ypay;Gfshff; fk;gh; $Wtd. 3.ftpijf;Fhpa ey;ypay;Gfshff; fk;gh; $Wtd. GtpapDf; fzpaha; Md;w nghUs;je;J Gyj;jpw; whfp mtpafj; Jiwfs; jhq;fp Ie;jpiz newpa shtpr; rtpAwj; njspe;J jz;nzd; nwhOf;fKk; jOtpr; rhd;Nwhh; ftpnadf; fple;j Nfhjh thpapid tPuh; fz;lhh;

o epyj;ij tpl mofhf mika Ntz;Lk;. o mwpT ,Jntdr; Rl;l Ntz;Lk;. o mfj;Jiwfisg; ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. o rpwe;j nghUisj; ju Ntz;Lk;. o Ie;jpizfspd; top elj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. o njspthf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. o xOq;Fld; mika Ntz;Lk;.

,t;thW> fk;gh; ftpijf;Fhpa ey;ypay;Gfis Nfhjhthp Mw;Wld; xg;gpl;Lr; rpwg;gpf;fpwhu;.


m.vopyurd; 26

4.tho;f;if4.tho;f;if4.tho;f;if4.tho;f;if 1.goe;jkpoh; Nkw;nfhz;l njhopy;fisg; gw;wp vOJf. 1.goe;jkpoh; Nkw;nfhz;l njhopy;fisg; gw;wp vOJf. 1.goe;jkpoh; Nkw;nfhz;l njhopy;fisg; gw;wp vOJf. 1.goe;jkpoh; Nkw;nfhz;l njhopy;fisg; gw;wp vOJf.

jkpou;fs;> jhq;fs; tho;e;j gFjpfSf;Fupa njhopy;fis nra;J tsNkhL tho;e;J te;jdu;.

• FwpQ;rp epy kf;fs;:FwpQ;rp epy kf;fs;:FwpQ;rp epy kf;fs;:FwpQ;rp epy kf;fs;: NjndLg;gJ>jpid tpijg;gJ>fpoq;F mfo;tJ Nghd;w njhopy;fis Nkw;nfhz;ldh;.

• Ky;iy epy kf;fs;:Ky;iy epy kf;fs;:Ky;iy epy kf;fs;:Ky;iy epy kf;fs;: epiu Nka;g;gJ>ghy; filtJ>tuF tpistpg;gJ Nghd;w njhopy;fis Nkw;nfhz;ldh;.

• kUj epy kf;fs;:kUj epy kf;fs;:kUj epy kf;fs;:kUj epy kf;fs;: coT nra;tJ> efh; mikg;gJ> Ml;rp GhptJ Nghd;w njhopy;fis Nkw;nfhz;ldh;.

• nea;jy; epy kf;fnea;jy; epy kf;fnea;jy; epy kf;fnea;jy; epy kf;fs;:s;:s;:s;: Kj;Jf; Fspg;gJ> cg;G tpistpg;gJ> kuf;fyj;jpy; Vwp miyflypy; nrd;W thzpfk; nra;tJ Nghd;w njhopy;fis Nkw;nfhz;ldh;.

2.goe;jkpo; khe;jh; ngUKaw;rpiaNa kjp2.goe;jkpo; khe;jh; ngUKaw;rpiaNa kjp2.goe;jkpo; khe;jh; ngUKaw;rpiaNa kjp2.goe;jkpo; khe;jh; ngUKaw;rpiaNa kjpj;J tho;e;jdh; vd;gijj;J tho;e;jdh; vd;gijj;J tho;e;jdh; vd;gijj;J tho;e;jdh; vd;gij tpsf;Fftpsf;Fftpsf;Fftpsf;Ff.

• vspa Kaw;rp Vw;wjd;W:vspa Kaw;rp Vw;wjd;W:vspa Kaw;rp Vw;wjd;W:vspa Kaw;rp Vw;wjd;W: taypy;> jd; tisapd; gf;fj;jpy; tpise;J tpo;e;J fplf;Fk; new;gapiu vyp fwpj;Jj; jd;

tisf;Fs; Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs;tJ Nghd;w vspa Kaw;rpia ek; Kd;Ndhh; nghpJk; mUtUj;jdh;.

• Gypapd; ngUKaw;rp Ntz;Lk;:Gypapd; ngUKaw;rp Ntz;Lk;:Gypapd; ngUKaw;rp Ntz;Lk;:Gypapd; ngUKaw;rp Ntz;Lk;: Gyp> jhd; nry;Yk; Ntfj;jpdhy; jdJ ,lg;gf;fj;jpy; New;W tPo;j;jpa gd;wpiar; rpwpJk;

fz;nzLj;Jg; ghuhJ> nghpa ahidNahL Nghhpl;L> mjid tyg;gf;fj;jpy; tPo;j;jp> czthf cl;nfhs;Sk;. ,j;jifa Gypiag; Nghd;w ngUKaw;rp cilatu;fisNa goe;jkpoh; kjpj;Jg; Nghw;wpdh;.

• goe;jkpohpd; nfhs;if:goe;jkpohpd; nfhs;if:goe;jkpohpd; nfhs;if:goe;jkpohpd; nfhs;if: vspa Kaw;rpahy; tUtij ek; Kd;Ndhh; Nkd;ikahf kjpj;jpyh;. jhk; nghpJk; Kad;W Njba

nghUisNa jkf;F chpajhff; fUJk; nfhs;ifAld; tho;e;jdh;. 3.3.3.3.mf;fhyj;Jf; fy;tpNa rpwe;jjhf ,stofdhu; fUJmf;fhyj;Jf; fy;tpNa rpwe;jjhf ,stofdhu; fUJmf;fhyj;Jf; fy;tpNa rpwe;jjhf ,stofdhu; fUJmf;fhyj;Jf; fy;tpNa rpwe;jjhf ,stofdhu; fUJttttjw;Ff; fhuzq;fs; ahit?jw;Ff; fhuzq;fs; ahit?jw;Ff; fhuzq;fs; ahit?jw;Ff; fhuzq;fs; ahit?

• mwpTilahNu vy;yhk; cilahu;:mwpTilahNu vy;yhk; cilahu;:mwpTilahNu vy;yhk; cilahu;:mwpTilahNu vy;yhk; cilahu;: mwptpd; tsu;r;rpf;Fk; njhopy; nra;J nghUs; NjLtjw;Fk; Jizahf ,Ug;gJ fy;tp vd

mf;fhyj;Jj; jkpo; kf;fs; fUjpdu;. VJkpy;yhjtupDk;> mwpTilahu; ‘vy;yhk; cilahu;’. vy;yhk;

cilatuhapDk;> mwptpyhu; ‘xd;Wk; ,y;yhjtu;’ vd vz;zpdu;. mj;jifa mwpitj; jf;f fy;tpg;gapw;rpapdhy; milayhk; vd;Wk; ek;gpdu;.

njhl;lidj; JhWk; kzw;Nfzp khe;ju;f;Ff; fw;widj; JhWk; mwpT.

• fw;Nwhupfw;Nwhupfw;Nwhupfw;Nwhupd; rpwg;G:d; rpwg;G:d; rpwg;G:d; rpwg;G: fw;wtu;fs; vj;jifa NtWghLk; ,d;wp kjpf;fg;gl;ldu;. muru;fs; fw;wtu;fis Mrpupauhff; fUjp>

mtu;fs; nrhy;Yk; topapy; jtwhky; ele;jdu;. ,t;thW fy;tpiag; Nghw;wpaikahy; mtu;fs; tho;f;ifahdJ Nkd;ikaile;jJ. gpd;tUk; jiyKiwapdUf;Fk; ey;y vLj;Jf;fhl;lhfTk; tpsq;fpdu;.

4.4.4.4.<ifg;gz;gpy; jkpo;kf;fs; rpwe;J tpsq;fpa jd;ikia tpsf;Ff.<ifg;gz;gpy; jkpo;kf;fs; rpwe;J tpsq;fpa jd;ikia tpsf;Ff.<ifg;gz;gpy; jkpo;kf;fs; rpwe;J tpsq;fpa jd;ikia tpsf;Ff.<ifg;gz;gpy; jkpo;kf;fs; rpwe;J tpsq;fpa jd;ikia tpsf;Ff.

• <l;ba nghUNs ,d;gk; jUk;:<l;ba nghUNs ,d;gk; jUk;:<l;ba nghUNs ,d;gk; jUk;:<l;ba nghUNs ,d;gk; jUk;: jkpou;fs; njhopy; nra;Nj nghUs; NjLk; ,ay;gpdu; vd;gjhy; jd; Kaw;rpdhy; tUk; nghUisNa

xUtd; nryT nra;tjw;F cupatd; vd;w Nkd;ikahd nfhs;ifapidf; filgpbj;J tho;e;jdu;.

,uthky; ,Uf;Fk; epiyia ‘gpwd;filr; nryhmr; nry;tk;’ vdf; $wp kfpo;e;jdu;. mUk;ngUk; Kaw;rp ,y;yhky; gpr;irnaLj;J cz;Zk; ,opnjhopiy vs;ssTk; mtu;fs; tpUk;gpajpy;iy.

• <ifg;gz;G:<ifg;gz;G:<ifg;gz;G:<ifg;gz;G: vj;jifa Kaw;rpAk; nra;a ,ayhj CdKilNahu;> fz; ghh;itaw;Nwhh;> Cikah;> nrtplh;

Nghd;Nwhu; gpwuplk; nghUis ngw;W tho jFjpAilatu;fs; vd GwehDhWk;> kzpNkfiyAk; $Wtjpy; ,Ue;J gz;ilaj; jkpoupd; <ifg;gz;G Gyg;gLfpwJ.

5.5.5.5.gz;ilj; jkpoh; edpehfhpfuhf tpsq;fpaik Fwpj;Jk; caph;f;Fzq;fisg; Nghw;wp tho;e;jik Fwpj;Jkgz;ilj; jkpoh; edpehfhpfuhf tpsq;fpaik Fwpj;Jk; caph;f;Fzq;fisg; Nghw;wp tho;e;jik Fwpj;Jkgz;ilj; jkpoh; edpehfhpfuhf tpsq;fpaik Fwpj;Jk; caph;f;Fzq;fisg; Nghw;wp tho;e;jik Fwpj;Jkgz;ilj; jkpoh; edpehfhpfuhf tpsq;fpaik Fwpj;Jk; caph;f;Fzq;fisg; Nghw;wp tho;e;jik Fwpj;Jk; vOJf.; vOJf.; vOJf.; vOJf.

• ehfhpfg; ghd;ik:ehfhpfg; ghd;ik:ehfhpfg; ghd;ik:ehfhpfg; ghd;ik:

jk;NkhL gofpath;fs; jkf;F eQ;R nfhLg;gpDk;> ek;kth; vd;Dk; vz;zj;jhy; mjid cz;ldh;. NkYk; mth;fNshL njhlh;e;J gofpdh; vd;fpwJ ew;wpiz.

• cah;e;j cs;sk;:cah;e;j cs;sk;:cah;e;j cs;sk;:cah;e;j cs;sk;: jkpoupd; Nkd;ikia mwpe;J> ek; cs;sk; cUFfpwJ. ,j;jifa kdg;ghd;ikiaj;jhd; ek;

Kd;Ndhh; ey;y ehfhpfk; vd;W fUjpdh; vd;why;> mth;fs; cs;sk;jhd; vt;tsT cah;e;jJ. jk;ikg; Nghd;w kf;fsplj;jpYk; caph;Neak; nfhz;L gz;ila kf;fs; edp ehfhpfuha;j; jpfo;e;Js;sdh;.

• capcapcapcapu;f;Fzk;:u;f;Fzk;:u;f;Fzk;:u;f;Fzk;: gz;ilaj; jkpou;fs; jkJ kdpjg; gpwtpf;Fupa epidTk; nrhy;Yk; nraYk; cilatuhfTk; mjw;fhd

Ke;ij ,Ue;J el;Nlhh; nfhLg;gpd; eQ;Rk; cz;gh; edpeh fhpfh; - ew;wpiz


m.vopyurd; 27

ed;Kiwfisj; jk; tho;tpy; mikj;Jf; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk; tho;e;J te;jdu;. kw;wtu;fs; thoTk; cjtpdu;.

• jPf;filNfhy; Nghd;wtd;:jPf;filNfhy; Nghd;wtd;:jPf;filNfhy; Nghd;wtd;:jPf;filNfhy; Nghd;wtd;: jPf;filf;Nfhy; jP gw;WjYf;F cupaJ> NkYk; file;jhy;> jP mjpfkhf ntspg;gLk;. mij tPl;bd;

$iuapNy nrUfp itg;gJ gz;ila kuG. mj;jifa jPf;filf;Nfhiyg;Nghy; mjpaidg; giftu;fs; rpde;jhy; file;jhy;> mjpadplk; tPuk; vd;Dk; jP ntspg;gLk;. Mdhy; jd; FbfNshL xUtdhf fye;J thOk; mjpad;> jd; rpd neUg;G ntspg;glhky;> jz;ikAld; tho;thd; vd;W mjpakhdpd; fl;Lf;Nfhg;ghd tPuj;ij xsitahu; $Wfpwhu;.

4.ek; goe;jkpo; khe;jh; filg;gpbj;J xOfpa xw;Wik czh;Tk; <ifAk; Fwpj;J vOJf4.ek; goe;jkpo; khe;jh; filg;gpbj;J xOfpa xw;Wik czh;Tk; <ifAk; Fwpj;J vOJf4.ek; goe;jkpo; khe;jh; filg;gpbj;J xOfpa xw;Wik czh;Tk; <ifAk; Fwpj;J vOJf4.ek; goe;jkpo; khe;jh; filg;gpbj;J xOfpa xw;Wik czh;Tk; <ifAk; Fwpj;J vOJf.

• xw;Wik czu;T:xw;Wik czu;T:xw;Wik czu;T:xw;Wik czu;T: vy;yhUk; xUjha; tapw;wpy; gpwe;jtu; NghyNt xUtUf;nfhUtu; rpwpJk; NtWghby;yhky; md;NghL

tho;e;jhu;fs;. NkYk; ‘vy;yhUk; ,e;ehl;L kf;fs;> vy;yhUf;Fk; jkpo;nkhop cupaJ’ vd;w xw;Wik czu;T mtu;fsplk; NkNyhq;fp epd;wJ.

• epiyahd njhopy;fSk; fiyahj cwT KiwfSk;:epiyahd njhopy;fSk; fiyahj cwT KiwfSk;:epiyahd njhopy;fSk; fiyahj cwT KiwfSk;:epiyahd njhopy;fSk; fiyahj cwT KiwfSk;:

‘ahJk; CNu ahtUk; Nfsph;’ vd;gJ gz;ilaj; jkpou;fspd; nfhs;if. vy;yhUk; xd;whf mkh;e;J czT cz;gh;. jkf;Fs; fye;j cwthb jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;tu;. ,jdhy; mth;fSf;F vy;yhUila cjtpfSk; fpilj;jd. epiyahd njhopy;> fiyahj cwT Mfpatw;why; ftiyapd;wp xw;Wikahf tho;e;jdh;.

• <l;ba nghUNs ,d;gk; jUk;:<l;ba nghUNs ,d;gk; jUk;:<l;ba nghUNs ,d;gk; jUk;:<l;ba nghUNs ,d;gk; jUk;: jkpou;fs; njhopy; nra;Nj nghUs; NjLk; ,ay;gpdu; vd;gjhy; jd; Kaw;rpdhy; tUk; nghUisNa

xUtd; nryT nra;tjw;F cupatd; vd;w Nkd;ikahd nfhs;ifapidf; filgpbj;J tho;e;jdu;.

,uthky; ,Uf;Fk; epiyia ‘gpwd;filr; nryhmr; nry;tk;’ vdf; $wp kfpo;e;jdu;. ,j;jifa mUk;ngUk; Kaw;rp ,y;yhky; gpr;irnaLj;J cz;Zk; ,opnjhopiy vs;ssTk; mtu;fs; tpUk;gpajpy;iy

• <ifg;gz;G:<ifg;gz;G:<ifg;gz;G:<ifg;gz;G: vj;jifa Kaw;rpAk; nra;a ,ayhj CdKilNahu;> fz; ghh;itaw;Nwhh;> Cikah;> nrtplh;

Nghd;Nwhu; gpwuplk; nghUis ngw;W tho jFjpAilatu;fs; vd GwehDhWk;> kzpNkfiyAk; $Wtjpy; ,Ue;J gz;ilaj; jkpoupd; <ifg;gz;G Gyg;gLfpwJ.

5555....MTe; jkpoUk;MTe; jkpoUk;MTe; jkpoUk;MTe; jkpoUk; 1.mWKiw tho;j;J 1.mWKiw tho;j;J 1.mWKiw tho;j;J 1.mWKiw tho;j;J ---- tpsf;Ff.tpsf;Ff.tpsf;Ff.tpsf;Ff.

• tho;j;J:tho;j;J:tho;j;J:tho;j;J: tho;j;Jtjd; gad; tsNkhL tho;tjw;Nf. kf;fs; tho;f;ifNahL njhlu;Gila nghUl;fis tho;j;JtJ vd;gJ njhd;Wnjhl;LtUk; kughFk;. mt;thW tho;j;jg;gLk; nghUspy; MTk; xd;W.

• mWKiw tho;j;J:mWKiw tho;j;J:mWKiw tho;j;J:mWKiw tho;j;J:

o ‘KdptUk; ghu;g;ghUk; MdpiuAk; kioAk; KbAil Nte;jUk; cyFk;;’ vd;fpwhu; njhy;fhg;gpa gFjpAiuapy; (Ehw;gh 81) er;rpdhu;f;fpdpahu;.

o ‘tho;f me;jzu;> thdtu; Mdpdk;’ vd;fpwhu; jpUQhdrk;ge;ju;. o gz;ilaj; jkpou;fs; jq;fspd; ey;tho;tpw;F MTk; xU fhuzk; vd czu;e;J tho;e;jdu;.

2.M nja;tj; jd;ik cilaJ vd;gij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.2.M nja;tj; jd;ik cilaJ vd;gij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.2.M nja;tj; jd;ik cilaJ vd;gij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.2.M nja;tj; jd;ik cilaJ vd;gij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.

• fLk;NghUf;F fhuzk;:fLk;NghUf;F fhuzk;:fLk;NghUf;F fhuzk;:fLk;NghUf;F fhuzk;: Mf;fs; kf;fisf; fhl;bYk; Nkd;ikAilajhfTk; nja;tj;jd;ik cilajhfTk; fUjg;gl;ld. xU ehl;bYs;s Mf;fs; fs;tuhNyh giftuhNyh> ftug;gl;lhy; mJ J}a;ikf; NflhfTk; Nghpog;ghfTk; fUjg;gl;lJ. mJNt fLk;NghUf;Ff; fhuzkhfTk; mike;jJ.

• epiu ftu;jy;:epiu ftu;jy;:epiu ftu;jy;:epiu ftu;jy;: ey;yhl;rp elj;Jk; kd;dd; $l Ntw;W ehl;ilf; ifg;gw;w tpUk;gpdhy; me;ehl;L Mf;fis> jd; tPuh;fs; %yk; fth;e;J tur; nra;J ghJfhj;jhd;.

• ngUq;Fw;wk;:ngUq;Fw;wk;:ngUq;Fw;wk;:ngUq;Fw;wk;: Mtpd;kb mWj;jy; khngUq; Fw;wkhff; fUjg;gl;lJ. Mf;nfhiyNah mij tplg; ngUq;Fw;wkhff; fUjg;gl;lJ.

• topghL:topghL:topghL:topghL: Mtpw;Ff; Nfhapy; fl;b topgl;l tuyhWk; epfo;e;Js;sJ. ,tw;wpd; %yk; M nja;tj;jd;ik cilaJ vd;gij czuyhk;.

3.kf;fs; ehfupfj;NjhL khl;bw;F n3.kf;fs; ehfupfj;NjhL khl;bw;F n3.kf;fs; ehfupfj;NjhL khl;bw;F n3.kf;fs; ehfupfj;NjhL khl;bw;F njhlujhlujhlujhlu;Gz;L vd;gijg; ghthzu; $WtJ;Gz;L vd;gijg; ghthzu; $WtJ;Gz;L vd;gijg; ghthzu; $WtJ;Gz;L vd;gijg; ghthzu; $WtJ ahq;qdk;?ahq;qdk;?ahq;qdk;?ahq;qdk;? kf;fs; ehfupfk; FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> efuk; vd;w ehd;F epyq;fisj; jOtpaJ. mtw;Ws;

FwpQ;rp epyj; jkpoUf;Fj;jhd; Kjd; Kjypy; MTld; njhlh;G ,Ue;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; Kjd; Kjypy; MthdJ FwpQ;rp epy tpyq;fhFk;. FwpQ;rpia mLj;j Ky;iy epyj;jpypUe;j Mah;> Ml;ilAk; khl;ilAk; ngUksT tsh;j;J> mtw;wpd; CidAk; ghiyAk; cz;L tho;e;jdh;. mth;fs; Ml;il tpl khl;ilNa rpwg;ghf tsh;j;jdh;. Mit Nka;g;gth; Mah; vdg;gl;lhh;. ,t;thW> kf;fs; ehfhpfj;NjhL khl;bw;Fj; njhlh;G cz;L vd;W ghthzh; vLj;Jiuf;fpwhh;.


m.vopyurd; 28

4.khL nry;tkhL nry;tkhL nry;tkhL nry;tk; Nghy; fUjg;glf; fhuzq;fs; ahit? k; Nghy; fUjg;glf; fhuzq;fs; ahit? k; Nghy; fUjg;glf; fhuzq;fs; ahit? k; Nghy; fUjg;glf; fhuzq;fs; ahit?

• ,Utifg; nghUs; jUk; khL: ,Utifg; nghUs; jUk; khL: ,Utifg; nghUs; jUk; khL: ,Utifg; nghUs; jUk; khL: kh vd;Dk; ngaNu M vd;W khwpapUf;fyhk;. M vd;gJ Kjypy; khL vd;W nghUs;gl;Lg; gpd;

gRitf; Fwpj;jJ. goq;fhyj;jpy; khNl kf;fspd; nry;tkhf ,Ue;jJ. mjdhy; nry;tk; khnldg;gl;lJ. Nfby; tpOr;nry;tk; fy;tp xUtw;F

khly;y kw;iw ait

• khl;bd; gad;fs;: khl;bd; gad;fs;: khl;bd; gad;fs;: khl;bd; gad;fs;: khL Ky;iy> kUjk; Mfpa ,Uepyj;jtUf;Fk; CDk; ghYk; je;J cjtpaJ. NkYk; cOJk;> ePh;

,iwj;Jk; ,Utif Ntshz;ikf;F ghLgl;lJ.

• IaKjk; je;j M:IaKjk; je;j M:IaKjk; je;j M:IaKjk; je;j M: khl;bd; CDk; ghYk; kl;Lky;y mjd; Njhy;> nfhk;G> curid> thy;kaph;> rhzk; KjypadTk;

gad;gl;ld. czit tpistpf;f cjtpa khL> jhDk; czthfg; gad;gl;lJ. ghy;> japh;> Nkhh;> ntz;nza;> nea; Kjypa Ie;Jk; IaKjk; vdg;gLk;. khL ,j;jid gad;jUtjhy; jkpoh; khl;ilr; nry;tkhff; fUjpdh;.

5.tpuTg; ngah;fshf ,yf;fzj;jpw; nr5.tpuTg; ngah;fshf ,yf;fzj;jpw; nr5.tpuTg; ngah;fshf ,yf;fzj;jpw; nr5.tpuTg; ngah;fshf ,yf;fzj;jpw; nrhy;yg;gLtd khLfspd; ngUk;gad; fUjpNa vd;w ghthzhpd; $w;iw hy;yg;gLtd khLfspd; ngUk;gad; fUjpNa vd;w ghthzhpd; $w;iw hy;yg;gLtd khLfspd; ngUk;gad; fUjpNa vd;w ghthzhpd; $w;iw hy;yg;gLtd khLfspd; ngUk;gad; fUjpNa vd;w ghthzhpd; $w;iw tpsf;Ff. tpsf;Ff. tpsf;Ff. tpsf;Ff.

• jpiz tOTf;Fr; rhd;W:jpiz tOTf;Fr; rhd;W:jpiz tOTf;Fr; rhd;W:jpiz tOTf;Fr; rhd;W:

coth; MitAk; MNtw;iwAk; gad;gLj;jpdh;. mit tUtijf; fz;L> ‘vd; mk;ik te;jhs;

mtSf;Fg; Gy;ypL vd;Wk;> vd; mg;gd; te;jhd; mtDf;Fj; jz;zPh; fhl;L’ vd;Wk; md;Giufisf; $wpdh;. ,itNa jpiz tOTf;Fr; rhd;whf ,yf;fzj;jpy; $wg;gl;ld.

• khl;bw;Fk; kf;fs; ngau;: khl;bw;Fk; kf;fs; ngau;: khl;bw;Fk; kf;fs; ngau;: khl;bw;Fk; kf;fs; ngau;: rhj;jd; rhj;jp> nfhw;wd; nfhw;wp> Kltd; Klj;jp> Kjypa kf;fs; ngah;fisNa MTf;Fk;

MNtw;Wf;Fk; ,l;L toq;fpdh;. mitNa ,aw;ngah;> rpidg;ngah;> rpid Kjw;ngah; vd %tif tpuTg; ngauhfj; njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpy; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. rhj;jd; te;jJ> Kltd; te;jJ> rhj;jd; Gy; jpd;Dk;> Kjypad nrhy;yjpfhuj;jpd; ciuapy; cs;s rhd;WfshFk;.

6.tpwYila ,isQh;f;Fk; khL ctikahff; $wg;gl;ljid tpsf;Ff6.tpwYila ,isQh;f;Fk; khL ctikahff; $wg;gl;ljid tpsf;Ff6.tpwYila ,isQh;f;Fk; khL ctikahff; $wg;gl;ljid tpsf;Ff6.tpwYila ,isQh;f;Fk; khL ctikahff; $wg;gl;ljid tpsf;Ff.

• ctikahF ngahctikahF ngahctikahF ngahctikahF ngah;: fhis kf;fSf;fhf kpfTk; cioj;jjhy; khL Nghy; cioj;jy; vd;W $Wk; tof;fk; Njhd;wpaJ.

fhis> tpliy vd;Dk; ngah;fs; ctikahFngauhf kwth;f;Fk;> FWk;gurh;f;Fk; toq;fp te;jd. ,ila+w;iwg; nghUl;gLj;jhky; vLj;j nraiy nra;J Kbf;Fk; Mw;wy; cilatd; gfL vdg; Nghw;wg;gl;lhd;.

kLj;jth nay;yhk; gfld;dh Dw;w ,Lf;fz; ,lh;g;gh Lilj;J

• VW jOty;:VW jOty;:VW jOty;:VW jOty;:

,isQhpd; typikia mwptjw;F ‘VW jOty;’ Xh; jFjpahff; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. Ky;iy epy kf;fs;> VW jOtpa ,isQh;f;Nf jq;fs; kfis kzk; nra;J nfhLj;jdh;. vUjpd; thiyg; gw;wpf; nfhz;L Mokhd Mw;iwf; fle;jdh;. vUJ Ch;jpahf cjtpaJ> nghjpAk; Rke;jJ.

7.Mtpd; rpwg;Gfshfg; ghthzh; tphpe;Jiug;gd ahit? 7.Mtpd; rpwg;Gfshfg; ghthzh; tphpe;Jiug;gd ahit? 7.Mtpd; rpwg;Gfshfg; ghthzh; tphpe;Jiug;gd ahit? 7.Mtpd; rpwg;Gfshfg; ghthzh; tphpe;Jiug;gd ahit?

• Mtpd; rpwg;G:Mtpd; rpwg;G:Mtpd; rpwg;G:Mtpd; rpwg;G: MTk; MNtWk; kf;fSf;F ngupJk; gad;gl;ld. mtw;wpy; mikjpahf ,Uj;jy;> mKjk; mspj;jy;>

fd;W <Djy; vd;w Kj;njhopy; nra;tjhy;> MNt rpwg;Gilajhf Nghw;wg;gl;lJ.

• gonkhopapy; M:gonkhopapy; M:gonkhopapy; M:gonkhopapy; M:

‘ghu;j;jhy; gRNghy> gha;e;jhy; GypNghy’ vd;Wk; ‘ghoha;g; NghfpwJ gRtpd; thapNy’ vd;Wk; gonkhopfspy; Mtpd; rpwg;ig ek;Kd;Ndhu; tpsf;fpr; nrd;Ws;sdu;.

• jiykhztDf;F ctik:jiykhztDf;F ctik:jiykhztDf;F ctik:jiykhztDf;F ctik: MthdJ> jhd; cz;lij kPz;Lk; tha;f;Ff; nfhz;Lte;J mirNghLk; jd;ik cilaJ.

mJNghy gbj;jtw;iw kPz;Lk; epidT$uty;y khztu;fis MNthL xg;gpl;L jiykhztdhf Nghw;wg;gl;lJ.

• Cu;NjhWk; cs;s MTupQ;rp:Cu;NjhWk; cs;s MTupQ;rp:Cu;NjhWk; cs;s MTupQ;rp:Cu;NjhWk; cs;s MTupQ;rp:

Mtpd; jpdT jPu;j;ju; nghUl;L ‘MTupQ;rpfs;’ Cu;NjhWk; mikf;fg;gl;L ,Ue;jd. ,t;thW Mtpd; rpwg;Gfshfg; ghthzu; tpupj;Jiuj;Js;shu;.


m.vopyurd; 29

6.ePjp E}y;fspy; ,yf;fpa eak;6.ePjp E}y;fspy; ,yf;fpa eak;6.ePjp E}y;fspy; ,yf;fpa eak;6.ePjp E}y;fspy; ,yf;fpa eak; 1.ePjp E}y;fspd; nghJthd ,ay;igf; Fwpj;J vOJf.1.ePjp E}y;fspd; nghJthd ,ay;igf; Fwpj;J vOJf.1.ePjp E}y;fspd; nghJthd ,ay;igf; Fwpj;J vOJf.1.ePjp E}y;fspd; nghJthd ,ay;igf; Fwpj;J vOJf.

tho;f;ifia rPu;gLj;jTk;> Nkk;gLj;jTk; vOe;jitNa ePjp Ehy;fs; MFk;. xUtu; vt;thW elf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W tpjpj;Jk;> vt;thW elf;ff; $lhJ vd;W tpyf;fpAk; $WtJjhd; ePjp E}y;fspd; nghJthd ,ay;ghFk;.

2.,ue;;Jk2.,ue;;Jk2.,ue;;Jk2.,ue;;Jk;;;; capu; thcapu; thcapu; thcapu; tho;jy; vd;W njho;jy; vd;W njho;jy; vd;W njho;jy; vd;W njhlq;Fk; Fwl;lq;Fk; Fwl;lq;Fk; Fwl;lq;Fk; Fwl;ghtpy; nghjpe;Js;s ,yf;fpa eaq;fis tpsf;Ff.ghtpy; nghjpe;Js;s ,yf;fpa eaq;fis tpsf;Ff.ghtpy; nghjpe;Js;s ,yf;fpa eaq;fis tpsf;Ff.ghtpy; nghjpe;Js;s ,yf;fpa eaq;fis tpsf;Ff. ,ue;Jk; caph; tho;jy; Ntz;bw; gue;J nfLf cyfpaw;wp ahd;.

• ,t;Tyifg; gilj;jtd; ,uj;jiyAk; xU njhopnydg; gilj;J> mj;njhopy;fshy; rpyh; caph; tho;f vd;W tpjpj;jpUe;jhy; mtDk; khDlg; gpwtp vLj;J> njUnty;yhk; miye;J jphpe;J Jd;gg;gll;Lk; vd;gJ ,f;Fwl;ghtpd; fUj;J.

• cyfpy; ,d;dhu;f;F ,d;d njhopy; vdg; gpuk;kd; tFj;jpUg;gjhf itj;Jf; nfhs;SNthk;. mj;njhopy;fspy; xd;whf ahrpj;jiyAk; Nrh;j;jhdh gpuk;kd;? mg;gbahdhy;> mtd; xU ghtp. ,opthd xd;iw vdf;Fk; vd; Nghd;wth;fSf;Fk; xU njhopyhfg; gpuk;kd; tFj;jhd; vd;why; mtd; xU gpwtp vLf;fl;Lk;. mg;gpwtp khdplg; gpwtpaha; ,Uf;fl;Lk;. khdpldha;> khdk; tpl;L gpr;ir vLf;fl;Lk;. Nghfpw ,lj;jpy; clNd czTk;> fhRk; fpilf;fhky;> gy njUf;fspy; miyal;Lk;! miye;J nfl;nlhopal;Lk;! vd;W gpr;irf;fhud; xUtd; vz;ZtJ Nghy ,yf;fpaeak; nghUe;j Fws; tbj;Js;shu; ts;Stu;.

3.nry;tk; epiyNgW cilajd;W vd;gij ehyb vq;qdk; eak;gl etpy;fpwJ? 3.nry;tk; epiyNgW cilajd;W vd;gij ehyb vq;qdk; eak;gl etpy;fpwJ? 3.nry;tk; epiyNgW cilajd;W vd;gij ehyb vq;qdk; eak;gl etpy;fpwJ? 3.nry;tk; epiyNgW cilajd;W vd;gij ehyb vq;qdk; eak;gl etpy;fpwJ?

• ehybg;ghl;L: ehybg;ghl;L: ehybg;ghl;L: ehybg;ghl;L: mWRit Az;b mkh;e;jpy;yhs; Cl;l kWrpif ePf;fpAz; lhUk; - twpQuha;r; nrd;wpug;gh; Xhplj;Jf; $nodpw; nry;tnkhd;W cz;lhf itf;fw;ghw;W md;W.

mWRit czit cz;L kfpo;e;j ngUQ;nry;tUk; xU fhyj;jpy; $io ,ue;Jz;z Nehplyhk;. Mjyhy;> nry;tj;ij ngUk; nghUshf kjpf;f Ntz;lhk; vdf; $WtNj ,r;nra;Aspd; fUj;J.

• eak;:eak;:eak;:eak;: md;W mWRit czT cz;ltd;> ,d;W cg;gpy;yhf; $o; Fbf;fpwhd;. md;W Mrdj;jpy;

mkh;e;J cz;ltd;> ,d;W ele;J nfhz;Nl cz;fpwhd;. md;W kidtp Cl;l cz;ltd;> ,d;W jdpahf cz;fpwhd;. vj;Jizr; rpwe;j nry;tDk; kpfTk; ,ope;j tWik epiyia milayhk;. Mjyhy;> nry;tk; ,Uf;Fk; NghNj mwk; nra;f vd;w fUj;ij xd;wpw;F xd;W kWjiyahf> rpwe;j eaj;NjhL vLj;Jf; fhl;LfpwJ ,e;ehybg;ghl;L.

4.ctikfisf; ifahSk; tpjj;jpNyNa jpUts;Sth; eaKz;lhff; Fwsikj;jpUg;gij tpsf;Ff4.ctikfisf; ifahSk; tpjj;jpNyNa jpUts;Sth; eaKz;lhff; Fwsikj;jpUg;gij tpsf;Ff4.ctikfisf; ifahSk; tpjj;jpNyNa jpUts;Sth; eaKz;lhff; Fwsikj;jpUg;gij tpsf;Ff4.ctikfisf; ifahSk; tpjj;jpNyNa jpUts;Sth; eaKz;lhff; Fwsikj;jpUg;gij tpsf;Ff. ctikfisf; ifahStjpy;> jpUts;Sth; ey;y eaq;fNshL Fws; mikj;Js;shh;. mjw;Fr;

rhd;whf xd;iwf; fhz;Nghk;.

• rhd;W:rhd;W:rhd;W:rhd;W: miwgiw ad;dh; fath;jhq; Nfl;l kiwgpwh;f;F ca;j;Jiuf;f yhd;

• fUj;J:fUj;J:fUj;J:fUj;J: giw xU nra;jpiag; gyh; fhjpy; nfhz;L Ngha;r; Nrh;g;gJ Nghy> fatu;fs; ,ufrpaj;ij gyhplk;

njhptpj;J tpLthh;fs; vd;gJ ,f;Fwl;ghtpd; fUj;J.

• eak;:eak;:eak;:eak;: ahNuh xUth;> xU nra;jpia ,ufrpak; vd;W xUtdplj;jpy; njhptpj;jhh;. mtd; vd;d nra;jhd;

njhpAkh? mij %l;il fl;bf; nfhz;L gyhplk; Nghdhd;. me;j kiwnghUshfpa Rikia> jhq;f Kbahky;> gyUf;Fk; gphpj;Jf; nfhLj;jhd;. mj;jifNahid miwgiwad; vdj; jpUts;Stu;

Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. ,f;Fwspy;> ,ufrpaj;ijf; nfhz;LNgha; gpwUf;Fr; Nrh;j;jhd; vd;gij> ‘ca;j;J’ vd;w nrhy;yhy; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. mij vLj;Jtpl;L NtW ve;jr nrhy;iy Nrh;j;jhYk;> ,t;tsT rpwe;j eaq;fs; Njhd;whJ. nrhy;iyj; Njh;e;njLj;J> ,lk; ghh;j;J itg;gjpy; ty;ytu;> ts;Stu; vd;gJ GydhfpwJ.

5555.tapw;Wg; ngUkhd; nghUl;L kf;fs; .tapw;Wg; ngUkhd; nghUl;L kf;fs; .tapw;Wg; ngUkhd; nghUl;L kf;fs; .tapw;Wg; ngUkhd; nghUl;L kf;fs; nra;Ak; nray;fsha; mwnewpr;rhuk; nra;Ak; nray;fsha; mwnewpr;rhuk; nra;Ak; nray;fsha; mwnewpr;rhuk; nra;Ak; nray;fsha; mwnewpr;rhuk; $Wtd ahit? $Wtd ahit? $Wtd ahit? $Wtd ahit?

• tapw;Wg;ngUkhd; nghUl;L: tapw;Wg;ngUkhd; nghUl;L: tapw;Wg;ngUkhd; nghUl;L: tapw;Wg;ngUkhd; nghUl;L:

cyfpy; ,r;rfk; Ngrp thOk; khe;jUs; xUtd;> jd; tPl;by; mku;e;J ‘Nghw;wp ghhp> Nghw;wp fhhp>

Nghw;wp Xhp> Nghw;wp Ngfh’ vd;W vd;ndd;dNth cUg;Nghl;lgb ,Uf;fpwhd;. ,jid kiwj;jpUe;J ftdpf;fpwhh; Gyth;. gpd;> mtd; ntspNa Gwg;gl;Lg; Nghfpwhd;. GytUk; mtidg; gpd; njhlh;fpwhh;. GJg;

gzf;fhudpd; tPl;by; mtd; Eiofpwhd;. Nghw;wp> Nghw;wp vd;W njhlq;fp> ‘jq;fs; mUs; Nehf;fp

tho;fpNwd;. gapUf;F kio vg;gbNah> vd; Nghd;w VioaUf;Fj; jhq;fs; mg;gbNa’ vd;W nrhy;ypag; gpd;Dk;> nrhw;gy mLf;fj; njhlq;fpdhd;. ,e;jf; fhl;rpiaf; fz;lhu; Gytu;> ghbdhu; xUghl;L.


m.vopyurd; 30

Nghw;wpNa Nghw;wpNa nad;W GJr; nry;tk; Njhw;wpahh; fz;nzy;yhk; njhz;NlNghy; - Mw;wg; gapw;wpg; gapw;wpg; gyTiug;g njy;yhk; tapw;Wg; ngUkhd; nghUl;L .

• ngha;$wp tapw;iw tsu;f;f Ntz;Lkh:ngha;$wp tapw;iw tsu;f;f Ntz;Lkh:ngha;$wp tapw;iw tsu;f;f Ntz;Lkh:ngha;$wp tapw;iw tsu;f;f Ntz;Lkh: ,r;rfk; NgRNthd; ,ope;jtd; vd;W NeNu nrhy;yhky;> mtd; tapw;wpid kNfRtudhf;fpg;

ngUikg;gLj;JtJ Nghy; rpWikg;gLj;jpa jpwk; tpag;gpw;FhpaJ. tapwhfpa jk;gpuhd; ,Uf;fpwhNu me;jf; flTisf; fhg;ghw;w vj;jid ngha; NgRfpwhhh;fs; ,e;j kdpjh;fs;. ,g;gbg; ngha;iar; nrhy;yp tapw;iw tsh;f;f Ntz;Lkh? vd;W Kidg;ghbahh; Nfl;gJ NghyTk;> ,g;gb tsh;f;fg;gLk; tapW tapwh? ,y;iy Fjpuh? vdf; Nfl;gJ NghyTk; ,g;ghly; mike;Js;sJ.

6.ePj6.ePj6.ePj6.ePjp $Wk; NghJk; eak;glf; $wpath; jpUts;Sth; vd;gijr; rhd;WfSld; tpsf;Ff. p $Wk; NghJk; eak;glf; $wpath; jpUts;Sth; vd;gijr; rhd;WfSld; tpsf;Ff. p $Wk; NghJk; eak;glf; $wpath; jpUts;Sth; vd;gijr; rhd;WfSld; tpsf;Ff. p $Wk; NghJk; eak;glf; $wpath; jpUts;Sth; vd;gijr; rhd;WfSld; tpsf;Ff. ePjp $Wk; NghJ eak;glf; $Wtjw;Fr; rhjhuz kdpjDf;Fj; njhpahJ. Mdhy;> ts;Sth;

ePjpiaf; $l eak;glf; $Wtjpy; ty;yth;. eaq;fisf;$w mtu; ngupa fl;Liufis gilf;fhky;> xd;Nw Kf;fhy; mbapy; gilj;j Fwl;ghf;fis ,q;F fhz;Nghk;.

• rhd;W : rhd;W : rhd;W : rhd;W : 1111 fug;gth;f;F ahq;nfhspf;Fq; nfhy;Nyh ,ug;gth; nrhy;yhlg; Nghxk; caph;

o eak;: xUtd; jd;dplk; xU nghUs; Ntz;b te;jpUf;fpwhd; vd;gij mwpe;j nry;td;> ‘eh’

$rhky; ,y;iy vdr; nrhy;fpwhd;. ‘,y;iy’ vd;w nrhy;iyf; Nfl;lTld;> ,ue;J epd;wtdpd;

caph; Ngha;tpLfpwJ. ‘,y;iy’ vd;w tplNkh nrhy;Yfpwtd; tha;topNa te;jJ> Mdhy; mtid

xd;Wk; nra;atpy;iy. vd;d tpe;ij> ‘,y;iy’ vd;W nrhd;dtdpd; caph; me;j Neuj;jpy; vq;Nf

Ngha; xspe;J nfhz;lNjh njhpatpy;iyNa? ‘,y;iy’ vd;w nrhy;iyf; Nfl;ltd; kha;e;jhd;> Mdhy; $wpatd; khatpy;iyNa? ,uf;fpd;w xUtDf;F ,y;iy vd;W $whJ nghUs; cs;sth; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w ePjpia ts;Sth; ,j;Jizr; rpwg;ghf typAWj;jpAs;shh;.

• rhd;W: 2rhd;W: 2rhd;W: 2rhd;W: 2 ,ue;Jk; caph; tho;jy; Ntz;bw; gue;J nfLf cyfpaw;wp ahd;.

o eak;: ,t;Tyifg; gilj;jtd; ,uj;jiyAk; xU njhopnydg; gilj;J> mj;njhopy;fshy; rpyh; caph; tho;f vd;W tpjpj;jpUe;jhy; mtDk; njUnty;yhk; miye;J jphpe;J Jd;Gwl;Lk; vd;gJ ,f;Fwl;ghtpd; fUj;J. cyfpy; ,d;dhu;f;F ,d;d njhopy; vdg; gpukd; tFj;jpUg;gjhf itj;Jf; nfhs;SNthk;. mj;njhopy;fspy; xd;whf ahrpj;jiyAk; Nrh;j;jhdh gpukd;? mg;gbahdhy;> mtd; xU ghtp. ,opthd xd;iw vdf;Fk; vd; Nghd;wth;fSf;Fk; xU njhopyhfg; gpukd; tFj;jhd; vd;why; mtd; xU gpwtp vLf;fl;Lk;. mg;gpwtp khdplg; gpwtpaha; ,Uf;fl;Lk;. khdpldha;> khdk; tpl;L gpr;ir vLf;fl;Lk;. Nghfpw ,lj;jpy; clNd czTk;> fhRk; fpilf;fhky;> gy njUf;fspy; miyal;Lk;! miye;J nfl;nlhopal;Lk;! vd;W gpr;irf;fhud; xUtd; vz;ZtJ Nghy ,yf;fpaeak; nghUe;j Fws; tbj;Js;shu; ts;Stu;.

7.kdpju; tho;T7.kdpju; tho;T7.kdpju; tho;T7.kdpju; tho;T 1.1.1.1.Kd;Ndw;wk; vd;gKd;Ndw;wk; vd;gKd;Ndw;wk; vd;gKd;Ndw;wk; vd;gJ gw;wp K.J gw;wp K.J gw;wp K.J gw;wp K.t. ciug;gd ahit?t. ciug;gd ahit?t. ciug;gd ahit?t. ciug;gd ahit?

• cyf kcyf kcyf kcyf khhhhWjy;:Wjy;:Wjy;:Wjy;: cyfk; gbg;gbNa Kd;Ndwp tUfpwJ. cyfk; Kd;NdWfpwJ vd;why;> kiyAk; fhLk; VNjh

khWjy; milfpwJ vd;gjy;y. cyfj;jpy; cs;s kf;fspd; tho;tpy; ey;y khWjy;fs; Vw;gl;L tUfpwJ vd;gNj nghUshFk;.

• jLkhwpg; ngw;w Kd;Ndw;wk;:jLkhwpg; ngw;w Kd;Ndw;wk;:jLkhwpg; ngw;w Kd;Ndw;wk;:jLkhwpg; ngw;w Kd;Ndw;wk;: ,e;j Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;F ,ilapilNa gy epiyfspy; kdpjh; jLkhwpaJ cz;L. jLkhwpj; jLkhwpg;

GjpaGjpa mwpTk; Cf;fKk; ngw;W> kdpjh;fs; Kd;Ndwp tUfpd;wdh;. me;j Kd;Ndw;we;jhd; ekf;nfy;yhk; ek;gpf;ifAk; cWjpAk; mspj;J tUfpwJ.

2.Kjy; jLkhw;wk; vd;W2.Kjy; jLkhw;wk; vd;W2.Kjy; jLkhw;wk; vd;W2.Kjy; jLkhw;wk; vd;W K.K.K.K.t. Fwpg;gJ vijt. Fwpg;gJ vijt. Fwpg;gJ vijt. Fwpg;gJ vij? ? ? ?

• ggggyifAk; gyg;gKk; cau;e;jitay;y:yifAk; gyg;gKk; cau;e;jitay;y:yifAk; gyg;gKk; cau;e;jitay;y:yifAk; gyg;gKk; cau;e;jitay;y: gs;spf; $lj;jpy; rpWtd; xUtd; vOjf; fw;Wf; nfhz;l gpwF> gyifAk; gyg;gKk; jdf;Fr;

nra;j cjtpiag; Nghw;WtJ ,aw;if. Mdhy; vOj;Jf; fy;tpapd; ngUikia czuhky;> gyifAk; gyg;gKk; cah;e;jit vd;W kaq;fpdhy;> mij mtDila tho;tpy; Neh;e;j xU jLkhw;wk; vd;Nw $w Ntz;Lk;.

• kd;dd; cUthd tpjk;:kd;dd; cUthd tpjk;:kd;dd; cUthd tpjk;:kd;dd; cUthd tpjk;: kf;fs; $bthoj; njhlq;fpaNghJ> mth;fSs; xUtd; jiytdhf ,Ue;J topfhl;bdhd;. mtd;

jiytd; vd;gjw;fhf> mtd; jiyapy; xU Kbia#l;b> ifapy; xU NfhYk; nfhLj;jdh;. mt;thW rpy jiyKiwfs; fle;j gpwF> me;j KbAk; NfhYk; cah;e;jitahfg; Nghw;wg;gl;ld. mtw;iw cilatd;


m.vopyurd; 31

kd;dd; vdg;gl;lhd;. KbAk; NfhYk; cilatd; vtdhf ,Ue;jhYk;> mtidj; nja;tkhfg; Nghw;wp mbgzpa Ntz;Lk; vd;w %l ek;gpf;if tsh;r;rp ngw;wJ. mj;jif ,op epiyNa kdpj tho;tpy; Vw;gl;l Kjy; jLkhw;wkhf K.t Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.

3.xU gb Kd;Ndw;wk; vd;W K.t. ciug;gJ ahJ? 3.xU gb Kd;Ndw;wk; vd;W K.t. ciug;gJ ahJ? 3.xU gb Kd;Ndw;wk; vd;W K.t. ciug;gJ ahJ? 3.xU gb Kd;Ndw;wk; vd;W K.t. ciug;gJ ahJ?

• xU gb Kd;Ndw;wk;:xU gb Kd;Ndw;wk;:xU gb Kd;Ndw;wk;:xU gb Kd;Ndw;wk;: KbAk; NfhYk; rpwg;ghf ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; mtw;iwf; fhg;gjw;fhfg; gilfSk; gilf; fUtpfSk;

gad;gl;ld. mt;thNw ,d;iwa Ml;rp KiwapYk; gilfSk; gilf;fUtpfSk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. MapDk;> mtw;wpd; kjpg;Gk; rpwg;Gk; Fiwe;J tUfpd;wd.

• kaf;fk; jPUk;:kaf;fk; jPUk;:kaf;fk; jPUk;:kaf;fk; jPUk;: ,d;iwa kf;fs; gj;jphpiffisg; gbj;Jk;> Nkilg;Ngr;Rf;fisf; Nfl;Lk; kaq;Ffpwhh;fs;. ,e;j

kaf;fk; tpiutpy; jPh;e;J tpLk;. gj;jphpiffspy; vOjg;gLgitAk; Nkilapy; Ngrg;gLgitAk; cz;ik my;y vd;wj; njspT Vw;gl Ntz;Lk;. Nghh;g;gilfisf; fz;L kf;fs; kaq;fhjJ Nghy;> fl;rpj; Njh;jy;fisf; fz;Lk; kaq;f khl;lhh;fs;. mijNa xU gb Kd;Ndw;wk; vd;fpwhu; K.t.

4.Vw;wj;jho;tpy;yhj rKjhak; mika K.t. fhl;Lk; topfs; ahit? Vw;wj;jho;tpy;yhj rKjhak; mika K.t. fhl;Lk; topfs; ahit? Vw;wj;jho;tpy;yhj rKjhak; mika K.t. fhl;Lk; topfs; ahit? Vw;wj;jho;tpy;yhj rKjhak; mika K.t. fhl;Lk; topfs; ahit?

• gadw;w fUtpfs;:gadw;w fUtpfs;:gadw;w fUtpfs;:gadw;w fUtpfs;: Kb> Nfhy;> gzk;> gjtp> fl;rp> Njh;jy; Kjypad kdpj tho;Tf;F cjt te;j fUtpfs;.

fUtpfs; ,ilA+whfj; Njhd;wpdhy;> mtw;iwg; Gwf;fzpf;f kdpjh;f;F chpik cz;L.

• mbg;gilfs;:mbg;gilfs;:mbg;gilfs;:mbg;gilfs;: Nkw;$wpa midj;Jk; rpwpait> Mdhy; kdpj tho;Nth nghpait. kdpj tho;tpy; mbg;gilahf

cs;sit $l;LwTk; ciog;Gk;. ,e;j ,uz;Lk; cs;stiuapy; kdpj tho;Tf;F ve;jf; FiwAk; ,y;iy.

• Vw;wj;jho;tpy;yhj rKjhak;:Vw;wj;jho;tpy;yhj rKjhak;:Vw;wj;jho;tpy;yhj rKjhak;:Vw;wj;jho;tpy;yhj rKjhak;: Ruz;LNthUk; Ruz;lg;gLNthUk; ,y;yhj - rhjp> rkak;> fl;rp Kjypatw;why; Vw;wj; jho;T

,y;yhj rKjhak; miktjw;F> $l;LwTk; ciog;GNk rpwe;j topahFk;. 5.Njh;jy; Kiwfs; gw;wp K.t vLj;Jiuf;Fk5.Njh;jy; Kiwfs; gw;wp K.t vLj;Jiuf;Fk5.Njh;jy; Kiwfs; gw;wp K.t vLj;Jiuf;Fk5.Njh;jy; Kiwfs; gw;wp K.t vLj;Jiuf;Fk; fUj;Jfs; ahit? ; fUj;Jfs; ahit? ; fUj;Jfs; ahit? ; fUj;Jfs; ahit?

• Nju;jy; Kiw:Nju;jy; Kiw:Nju;jy; Kiw:Nju;jy; Kiw: kf;fs;> ehl;il Ms;tjw;Fj; jFjpAila xUtiuj; Nju;e;njLf;f tpUk;gpdu;. me;j Kaw;rpapd;

gadhf Njhd;wpaJjhd; Nju;jy; KiwahFk;. ifia cau;j;Jtjd; %ykhfTk; FlNthiy Kiw %ykhfTk; ek; ehl;by; gy fhykhf Nju;jy; Kiw ,Ue;J te;Js;sJ.

• rpyUf;fhfj; Nju;jy;:rpyUf;fhfj; Nju;jy;:rpyUf;fhfj; Nju;jy;:rpyUf;fhfj; Nju;jy;: nry;tKk; nry;thf;Fk; kf;fSf;F gad;gl Ntz;bait. Mdhy; ehl;Lkf;fs; midtUk;> rpyUila

nry;tj;ijAk; nry;thf;ifAk; ghJfhj;jpl cUthf;fg;gl;lu; Nghy Nju;jy; Kiwfs; mike;jd.

• fl;rp mikg;G:fl;rp mikg;G:fl;rp mikg;G:fl;rp mikg;G: nry;thf;F Vd; guk;giuahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;? Gjpath;fs; jk; jpwikahYk; ciog;ghYk; nry;thf;Fg;

ngw;Wj; jiyikia Vd; ngwf; $lhJ? ,t;thW rpyh; vz;zpa NghJ> xU topj; Njhd;wpaJ. Njh;jy; fhyj;jpy; Ms; jpul;bj; Jd;Gwhky;> mjw;F Kd;dpUe;Nj xU $l;lj;ijr; Nrh;j;J itj;J> me;jf; $l;lj;jpd; Jiziaf; nfhz;L Njh;jypy; ntw;wpngw toptFj;jdh;. mJ jhd; fl;rpaikg;G.

• fl;rpf;fhf kf;fs;:fl;rpf;fhf kf;fs;:fl;rpf;fhf kf;fs;:fl;rpf;fhf kf;fs;: rpyu; fl;rp mikj;Jr; nry;thf;Fg; ngWtijf; fz;l NtWrpyh; kw;nwhU fl;rp mikj;Jr;

nry;thf;Fg; ngw Kad;wdh;. fl;rpfs; fl;rpfNshL NkhJjy; ,aw;if Mapw;W. kf;fspd; tho;Tf;fhf Kjypy; fl;rpfs; Njhd;wpd. Mdhy; ,d;W cs;s epiyapy;> fl;rpfs; tho;tjw;fhfNt kf;fs; fUtpahfg; gad;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,t;thW fhye;NjhWk; Nju;jy; Kiwfs; khwpdhYk; mit kf;fspd; tho;Tf;Fg; gad;gltpy;iy. ,itNa Nju;jy; Kiwfs; gw;wp K.t vLj;Jiuf;Fk; fUj;JfshFk;.

6.6.6.6.kdpjkdpjkdpjkdpj ththththo;Nt ngupaJ vd;Dk; mbg;gilapy; K.t ciuf;Fk; vjpu;fhyf; fdT ahJ?o;Nt ngupaJ vd;Dk; mbg;gilapy; K.t ciuf;Fk; vjpu;fhyf; fdT ahJ?o;Nt ngupaJ vd;Dk; mbg;gilapy; K.t ciuf;Fk; vjpu;fhyf; fdT ahJ?o;Nt ngupaJ vd;Dk; mbg;gilapy; K.t ciuf;Fk; vjpu;fhyf; fdT ahJ?

• xU gb Kd;Ndw;wk;:xU gb Kd;Ndw;wk;:xU gb Kd;Ndw;wk;:xU gb Kd;Ndw;wk;: KbAk; NfhYk; rpwg;ghf ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; mtw;iwf; fhg;gjw;fhfg; gilfSk; gilf;fUtpfSk;

gad;gl;ld. ,d;iwa Ml;rp KiwapYk; gilfSk; gilf;fUtpfSk; mt;thNw gad;gLfpd;wd. MapDk;> mtw;wpd; kjpg;Gk; rpwg;Gk; Fiwe;J tUfpd;wd.

• kaf;fk; jPUk;:kaf;fk; jPUk;:kaf;fk; jPUk;:kaf;fk; jPUk;: ,d;iwa kf;fs; gj;jphpiffisg; gbj;Jk;> Nkilg;Ngr;Rf;fisf; Nfl;Lk; kaq;Ffpwhh;fs;. ,e;j

kaf;fk; tpiutpy; jPh;e;J tpLk;. gj;jphpiffspy; vOjg;gLgitAk; Nkilapy; Ngrg;gLgitAk; cz;ik my;y vd;wj; njspT Vw;gl Ntz;Lk;. Nghh;g;gilfisf; fz;L kf;fs; kaq;fhjJ Nghy;> fl;rpj; Njh;jy;fisf; fz;Lk; kaq;f khl;lhh;fs;. mijNa xU gb Kd;Ndw;wk; vd;fpwhu; K.t.

• gadw;w fUtpfs;:gadw;w fUtpfs;:gadw;w fUtpfs;:gadw;w fUtpfs;: Kb> Nfhy;> gzk;> gjtp> fl;rp> Njh;jy; Kjypad kdpj tho;Tf;F cjt te;j fUtpfs;.

fUtpfs; ,ilA+whfj; Njhd;wpdhy;> mtw;iwg; Gwf;fzpf;f kdpjh;f;F chpik cz;L.


m.vopyurd; 32

• mbg;gilfs;:mbg;gilfs;:mbg;gilfs;:mbg;gilfs;: Nkw;$wpa midj;Jk; rpwpait> Mdhy; kdpj tho;Nth nghpait. kdpj tho;tpy; mbg;gilahf

cs;sit $l;LwTk; ciog;Gk;. ,e;j ,uz;Lk; cs;stiuapy; kdpj tho;Tf;F ve;jf; FiwAk; ,y;iy.

• Vw;wj;jho;tpy;yhj rKjhak;:Vw;wj;jho;tpy;yhj rKjhak;:Vw;wj;jho;tpy;yhj rKjhak;:Vw;wj;jho;tpy;yhj rKjhak;: Ruz;LNthUk; Ruz;lg;gLNthUk; ,y;yhj - rhjp> rkak;> fl;rp Kjypatw;why; Vw;wj; jho;T

,y;yhj rKjhak; miktjw;F> $l;LwTk; ciog;GNk topahFk;.

8.jkpo;ehl;Lf; fiyr; nry;tq;fs;8.jkpo;ehl;Lf; fiyr; nry;tq;fs;8.jkpo;ehl;Lf; fiyr; nry;tq;fs;8.jkpo;ehl;Lf; fiyr; nry;tq;fs; 1.nrg;Gj;jpUNkdpfspd; nghw;fhyk; vJ? Vd;? 1.nrg;Gj;jpUNkdpfspd; nghw;fhyk; vJ? Vd;? 1.nrg;Gj;jpUNkdpfspd; nghw;fhyk; vJ? Vd;? 1.nrg;Gj;jpUNkdpfspd; nghw;fhyk; vJ? Vd;?

• Nrhou;fhy nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpfs;:Nrhou;fhy nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpfs;:Nrhou;fhy nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpfs;:Nrhou;fhy nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpfs;: nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpfspd; nghw;fhyk; vdr; Nrhoh; fhyj;ijf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. Vnddpy; Nrhou;

fhyj;jpy;jhd; mjpf vz;zpf;ifapy; nrg;Gj;jpUNkdpfs; nra;ag;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. nrk;gpad; khNjtp Nghd;w

Nrhog; Nguurpfs;> ‘nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpfs; nra;jspg;gijNa> ,k;kz;Zyfpy; gpwe;jjd; flik’ vd;W vz;zp tho;e;jdu;.

• fiyaoFk; flTs; jd;ikAkfiyaoFk; flTs; jd;ikAkfiyaoFk; flTs; jd;ikAkfiyaoFk; flTs; jd;ikAk; tha;e;jit:; tha;e;jit:; tha;e;jit:; tha;e;jit: Nrhou;fhy nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpfs; fiy moFk;> flTs; jd;ikAk; nfhz;L kpspu;fpwJ.

caph;ngw;nwOe;J tpl;ldNth> vd vz;Zk; mstpw;F cah;e;j gilg;Gfshf mit mike;jpUe;jJ.

• Mfk Ehy;top vOe;j rpw;gq;fs;:Mfk Ehy;top vOe;j rpw;gq;fs;:Mfk Ehy;top vOe;j rpw;gq;fs;:Mfk Ehy;top vOe;j rpw;gq;fs;: Mfk E}y;fspy; Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sit Nghd;Nw rptd; %h;j;jq;fSk;> jpUkhy; %h;j;jq;fSk;

nra;ag;gl;ld. xt;nthU rpw;gj;jpYk; gz;ilaf;fhy rpw;gpapd; iftz;zk; gspr;rpLfpwJ. 2.jkpoff; Filtiuf; Nfhtpy;fisg; gw;wp vOJf.2.jkpoff; Filtiuf; Nfhtpy;fisg; gw;wp vOJf.2.jkpoff; Filtiuf; Nfhtpy;fisg; gw;wp vOJf.2.jkpoff; Filtiuf; Nfhtpy;fisg; gw;wp vOJf.

• njhd;ikahd Filtiuf; Nfhtpy;:njhd;ikahd Filtiuf; Nfhtpy;:njhd;ikahd Filtiuf; Nfhtpy;:njhd;ikahd Filtiuf; Nfhtpy;: Nfhapw; fl;llf;fiyg;gw;wp fp.gp. 6-k; E}w;whz;bypUe;J mwpaKbfpwJ. ,uhkehjGuk; khtl;lj;ijr;

rhh;e;j gps;isahh;gl;b Filtiuf; NfhapNy jkpofj;jpy; ,d;W fhzg;gLk; Filtiuf; Nfhapy;fSs; goikahdjhFk;. ,J ghz;bah;fsJ gilg;ghFk;.

• NtW Filtiuf; Nfhtpy;fs;:NtW Filtiuf; Nfhtpy;fs;:NtW Filtiuf; Nfhtpy;fs;:NtW Filtiuf; Nfhtpy;fs;: NkYk;> jkpofj;jpd; gy gFjpfspy; cs;s Filtiuf; Nfhapy;fs; gy;yth;> ghz;bah;> mjpah;>

Kj;jiuah; MfpNahuhy; mikf;fg;gl;litahFk;. khky;yGuj;jpy; cs;s Ie;J ujk;> fOFkiyapy; cs;s ntl;Lthd; Nfhtpy; Nghd;wit ,jw;F rhd;whff; $wyhk;.

IV - y; tpdh vz; 13: 3 fijfspy; xd;iw kl;Lk; Nju;e;njLj;J 2 gf;f mstpy; rpWfij vOj Ntz;Lk;.y; tpdh vz; 13: 3 fijfspy; xd;iw kl;Lk; Nju;e;njLj;J 2 gf;f mstpy; rpWfij vOj Ntz;Lk;.y; tpdh vz; 13: 3 fijfspy; xd;iw kl;Lk; Nju;e;njLj;J 2 gf;f mstpy; rpWfij vOj Ntz;Lk;.y; tpdh vz; 13: 3 fijfspy; xd;iw kl;Lk; Nju;e;njLj;J 2 gf;f mstpy; rpWfij vOj Ntz;Lk;. Mrpupau; ngau;>Mrpupau; ngau;>Mrpupau; ngau;>Mrpupau; ngau;> Kd;Diu> KbTiu Kd;Diu> KbTiu Kd;Diu> KbTiu Kd;Diu> KbTiu ---- 2 kjpg;ngz;fs;> Fwpg;Gr;rl;lk;> ePjp> cl;jiyg;G 2 kjpg;ngz;fs;> Fwpg;Gr;rl;lk;> ePjp> cl;jiyg;G 2 kjpg;ngz;fs;> Fwpg;Gr;rl;lk;> ePjp> cl;jiyg;G 2 kjpg;ngz;fs;> Fwpg;Gr;rl;lk;> ePjp> cl;jiyg;G ---- 8 kjpg;ngz;fs8 kjpg;ngz;fs8 kjpg;ngz;fs8 kjpg;ngz;fs ;; ;;

ghy;tz;zk; gps;isghy;tz;zk; gps;isghy;tz;zk; gps;isghy;tz;zk; gps;is

• Kd;Diu:Kd;Diu:Kd;Diu:Kd;Diu: rpWfij cyfpd; Kb#lh kd;duhf tpsq;fpath; GJikg;gpj;jd;. mtu;> ghy;tz;zk; gps;is

vd;Dk; rpWfijapy;> gps;isapd; twl;Lg; gpbthj Fzj;ijAk; Mzhjpf;f ,ay;igAk; glk; gpbj;Jf; fhl;bAs;shh;.

• fijapd; fU:fijapd; fU:fijapd; fU:fijapd; fU: jhd; vd;Dk; Mzhjpf;f rf;jp> mwpitAk; mopj;jpLk; moprf;jp.

• fij khe;jh;fsfij khe;jh;fsfij khe;jh;fsfij khe;jh;fs;: ghy;tz;zk; gps;is> mtupd; kidtp> NkytPl;L mz;zhr;rp> Rg;Gf;Nfhdhu;> kfd;fs;.

• KaYf;F %d;W fhy;fs;:KaYf;F %d;W fhy;fs;:KaYf;F %d;W fhy;fs;:KaYf;F %d;W fhy;fs;: ghy;tz;zk; gps;is> khtl;l Ml;rpah; mYtyfj;jpy; khjk; 35 &gha; Cjpaj;jpy; vOj;juhfg;

gzpGhpgth;. jhd; gpbj;j KaYf;F> %d;Nw fhy; vd;W rhjpg;gth;. mYtyfj;jpy; mikjpahd gR. tPl;by; Mj;jpukilAk; Gyp.

• FLk;gr; #o;epiy:FLk;gr; #o;epiy:FLk;gr; #o;epiy:FLk;gr; #o;epiy: FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;by; ek;gpf;if ,y;yhj gps;isapd; FLk;gk; ngUfpapUe;jJ. mthpd; nghWg;gw;w

jd;ikahy;> tPl;by; tWikAk; Jd;gKk; Ml;rp nra;jd. rj;JTztpd;wpj; jtpj;j Foe;ijfSf;Fg; ghy;fhudpd; fld;ghYk; nghJ kUj;Jtkidapd; kUe;Jj; jz;zPUk; czthapd. ,e;epiyapy; mtupd; kidtpf;Fg; gRkhL thq;Fk; vz;zk; Njhd;wpaJ.

• nkf;]pNfh gpnkf;]pNfh gpnkf;]pNfh gpnkf;]pNfh gpur;rpid:ur;rpid:ur;rpid:ur;rpid: xUehs; mYtyfj;jpy; ghy;tz;zk; gps;isf;Fk; mYtyf ez;gUf;Fk; fUj;J NtWghL

Vw;gl;lJ. nkf;]pNfh> njd; mnkhpf;fhtpy; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;whh; gy;tz;zk; gps;is. ez;gNuh> G+Nfhs rh];jpuk; NtW khjphp my;yth $WfpwJ vd;W ieahz;b ,ioNahlf; $wpdhh;. jhk; $wpaij ep&gpf;Fk; Ntfj;jpy;> Nfhgj;Jld; tPl;bw;F te;jhh;> ghy;tz;zk; gps;is.

• gps;isapd; gpbthjKk; rpdKk;:gps;isapd; gpbthjKk; rpdKk;:gps;isapd; gpbthjKk; rpdKk;:gps;isapd; gpbthjKk; rpdKk;: gps;isath;fs;> jhk; gbj;j G+Nfhsg; ghlE}iyj; Njb vLj;jhh;. mjpy; nkf;]pNfh vd;w ehL tl


m.vopyurd; 33

mnkhpf;fhtpy; ,Ue;jJ. jd; mwpTf;F Vw;gl;l Njhy;tp> mthpd; rpdj;ij mjpfkhf;fpaJ. mr;rkak; mthpd; kidtp gRkhL thq;Fk; vz;zj;ij ntspg;gLj;jpdhs;. khL fPL vJTk; thq;f Ntz;lhk;; vd; gps;is ePj;jz;zpia Fbj;J tsUk; vd;W Nfhgj;ij NtW tpjkhf ntspg;gLj;jpdhh; gps;is.

• gRtpd; tuTk; gps;isapd; nraYk;:gRtpd; tuTk; gps;isapd; nraYk;:gRtpd; tuTk; gps;isapd; nraYk;:gRtpd; tuTk; gps;isapd; nraYk;: Foe;ijfspd; kPJ nfhz;l ghrj;jpdhy;> gps;isapd; kidtp jd; fhg;ig tpw;W> gRTk; fd;Wk;

thq;fpdhs;. md;W Kjy; gps;isath;fs; tPl;by; fhg;gpAk; NkhUk; gUFtjpy;iy. kidtpNah ,Ujiyf; nfhs;sp vWk;G Nghyj; jtpj;jhs;.

• khl;il tpw;wy;:khl;il tpw;wy;:khl;il tpw;wy;:khl;il tpw;wy;: gjpide;J ehl;fSf;Fg; gpd; gps;isAld; Rg;Gf; NfhdhUk; te;jhh;. khL 25 &gha; vd;whh;

gps;is. NfhdhNuh> rhkp khL 60 &gha; ngWNk vd;whh;. ,Wjpapy; 70 &gha;f;F thq;fpa gRTk; fd;Wk; 30 &gha;f;F tpw;fg;gl;lJ. gps;isapd; %j;j kfd;> mk;kh vd; fd;Df;Fl;b vd;W mOjhd;. Rk;kh nfl rtNk vd;W $wp Kw;Wg;Gs;sp itj;jhh;> ghy;tz;zk; gps;is.

• KbTiu:KbTiu:KbTiu:KbTiu: jk; kidtpapd; nray;fs; Mjhak; jUtjha; ,Ue;Jk;> jk; twl;Lg; gpbthjj;jpdhYk; Mzhjpf;fg;

Nghf;fhYk; mij Vw;f kWj;jhh; ghy;tz;;zk; gps;is. ,y;ywk; ey;ywkhf tpsq;f FLk;gj; jiyth; nghWg;Gzh;e;J nray;gLjy; mtrpak; vd;fpwhh;> Mrphpah; GJikg;gpj;jd;.

• fij cfij cfij cfij czh;j;Jk; ePjp:zh;j;Jk; ePjp:zh;j;Jk; ePjp:zh;j;Jk; ePjp: Mj;jpuf;fhuDf;Fg; Gj;jp kl;L> Mztf; fhuDf;Fk; Gj;jp kl;L.

%f;fg;gps;is tPl;L tpUe;J%f;fg;gps;is tPl;L tpUe;J%f;fg;gps;is tPl;L tpUe;J%f;fg;gps;is tPl;L tpUe;J

• Kd;Diu:Kd;Diu:Kd;Diu:Kd;Diu: rKjhaj;jpd; gof;ftof;fq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L fij vOJtjpy; ty;yth;>

ty;ypf;fz;zd;. %f;fg; gps;isapd; kdf;Fog;gj;jpw;Fj; njspthd Kbitf; fhl;bAs;shh; mth;.

• fijapd; fU:fijapd; fU:fijapd; fU:fijapd; fU: twpath;f;F xd;W <tNj <if.

• fijkhe;ju;fs;:fijkhe;ju;fs;:fijkhe;ju;fs;:fijkhe;ju;fs;: %f;fg;gps;is> rptGu kf;fs;> gyfhuk; nfhz;LtUk; ngz;fs;> MWKfk;> jtrpg;gps;is.

• %f;fg;gps;isapd; ,ay;G:%f;fg;gps;isapd; ,ay;G:%f;fg;gps;isapd; ,ay;G:%f;fg;gps;isapd; ,ay;G: rptGuj;jpy; tho;gtu; %f;fg;gps;is. mtu; gpwu; fhRf;F Mirg;glhjtu;. Neu;ikahdtu;> nghJr;

nrhj;ijr; Ruz;lhjtu;> gpwiu Vkhw;whjtu;. NkYk; mtu; tho;e;j rKjhaj;NjhL xl;b cwthlhjtu;. Cupy; eilngWk; ey;yJ nfl;lJfSf;Fr; nry;;;thu;. Mdhy;> ahu; tPl;bYk; if epidf;fTk; khl;lhu; ahUlDk; neUq;fpg; gofTk; khl;lhu;.

• Cu; gof;ftof;fk;:Cu; gof;ftof;fk;:Cu; gof;ftof;fk;:Cu; gof;ftof;fk;: xU tPl;by; jpUkzk; vd;why;> thiog;goKk; rpwpJ rPdpAk; nfhLg;gJ Cu; kuG. ,ij

ey;ykhrj;Jg;gok; vd;ghu;fs;. ngupau; vtNuDk; ,we;jhy;> mtuJ ngaupd; ngau;j;jp> Cu; kf;fSf;F fliyia mtpo;j;Jf; nfhLg;ghu;fs;. ,jw;F fliy NghLjy; vd;W ngau;. %f;fg;gps;isNah kidtpia ,oe;jtu;> thupRfs; ,y;yhjtu;> jdp kukhf tho;gtu;. ,Jg;Nghd;w gof;ftof;fq;fs; nra;a tha;g;gpy;yhjtu;. mjdhy;> gyfhuk; nfhz;LtUk; thahbg; ngz;fNsh> mtu; kWj;jhYk; tw;GWj;jpf; nfhLj;Jr; nry;tu;.

• eapdhu; Nehk;G:eapdhu; Nehk;G:eapdhu; Nehk;G:eapdhu; Nehk;G: xUtopg; ghijahf vy;NyhuplKk; thq;fpr; rhg;gpLfpNwhNk> ,e;j Cu; kf;fSf;F ek;khy; vijAk;

nra;a Kbatpy;iyNa vd tUe;jpdhu;. rkPgj;jpy; rpj;uh ngsu;zkp tu cs;sij mwpe;jhu;. me;j ehspy; eapdhu; Nehk;G topghL cz;L. md;W rptGu kf;fs; ek; tPl;by; tpUe;J cz;L kfpol;LNk vd;W> jtrpg;gps;isia mioj;J tpUe;jpw;F Vw;ghL nra;jhu; %f;fg;gps;is.

• tpUe;jpw;F miog;G:tpUe;jpw;F miog;G:tpUe;jpw;F miog;G:tpUe;jpw;F miog;G: nghq;fy;> GspNahjiu> vYkpr;rk;gor; rhjk;> til> G+k;gUg;Gr; Rz;ly; vd;W rpj;uh md;idapd;

rpwg;G rhg;ghL %f;fg;gps;is tPl;by; jahuhfp tpl;lJ. clNd miog;Gf;fhu MWKfj;ij mioj;jhh;. jd; tPl;by; tpUe;Jz;z Ch; kf;fis mioj;J tUkhW mDg;gpdhh;.

• Ch; kf;fs; tuCh; kf;fs; tuCh; kf;fs; tuCh; kf;fs; tu kWj;jy;:kWj;jy;:kWj;jy;:kWj;jy;: tpUe;J mspg;gth; %d;W> ehd;F ehl;fSf;F Kd; Nehpy; nrd;W> vq;fs; tPl;by; ,e;j ehspy;

,d;d tpNr\k; eilngw cs;sJ. mjw;F ePq;fs; fl;lhak; tu Ntz;Lk;. md;W vq;fs; tPl;by; tpUe;Jz;L nry;y Ntz;Lk; vd md;Gld; miof;f Ntz;Lk;. tpUe;J ehSf;F Kd; jpdk; miog;Gf;fhu MWKfk;> ehis ,d;dhh; tPl;by; tpUe;J vd epidT gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. tpUe;J ehsd;W ,iyNghl;lhr;rp rhg;gpl thq;f> vd;W miog;gJ me;j Ch; tof;fk;. Ch; tof;fk; vijAk; gpd;gw;whky; %f;fg;gps;is tpUe;Jz;z miog;G tpLj;jjhy;> Ch; kf;fs; tpUe;Jz;z tukWj;jdh;.

• Viof;F ,uq;fpa ,jak;:Viof;F ,uq;fpa ,jak;:Viof;F ,uq;fpa ,jak;:Viof;F ,uq;fpa ,jak;: %f;fg;gps;is> Rfthrpfshd Cuhh; tpUe;Jz;z tutpy;iyNa vd;gjw;F tUe;jtpy;iy. Mdhy;

rikj;j czTfs; tPzhfp tpLNkh vd;W tUe;jpdhh;. miog;Gf;fhu MWKfj;ij mDg;gp rptGuj;ijr;


m.vopyurd; 34

Rw;wpAs;s Ch;fspy; thOk; Vio vspa kf;fis mioj;Jtur; nrhd;dhh;. MWKfk; nrd;whh;> Vio vspNahiu tpUe;Jz;z mioj;jhh;. mth;fSk; te;jdh;> tapwhu cz;;L> kdjhu tho;j;jpr; nrd;wdh;.

• KbTiu:KbTiu:KbTiu:KbTiu: RfthrpfSf;F tpUe;jspg;gij tpl Vio vspNahUf;F tpUe;jspg;gNj cah;thdJ vd;w

nghd;nkhopia %f;fg;gps;isapd; kdk; Xtpakhfj; jPl;bf; nfhz;lJ.

• ePjp:ePjp:ePjp:ePjp: Viof;F ,uq;FtNj ,iwtDf;Fr; nra;Ak; njhz;L.

rl;ilrl;ilrl;ilrl;il

• Kd;Diu:Kd;Diu:Kd;Diu:Kd;Diu: tho;tpy; eilngWk; ajhh;j;jq;fisg; gjhh;j;jk; Nghy; fij Gidgtu; n[afhe;jd;. mtuJ

rl;il vd;Dk; ,r;rpWfijapy; tUk; G+e;Njhl;lr; rhkpahh; md;gpYk; gz;gpYk; ehl;Lg; gw;wpYk; gbg;gth; kdjpy; cah;e;J epw;fpwhh;.

• fijapd; fU:fijapd; fU:fijapd; fU:fijapd; fU: ek; clk;Ng Md;khtpw;fhd rl;il.

• fij khe;jh;fs;:fij khe;jh;fs;:fij khe;jh;fs;:fij khe;jh;fs;: G+e;Njhl;lr; rhkpahh;> Nfhapy; FUf;fs;> gl;lhsj;Jg; nghparhkpg;gps;is> kfd; Nrhkehjd;> khzpf;fk; nrl;bahh;> mtuJ kidtp.

• rhkpahhpd; mwpKfk;:rhkpahhpd; mwpKfk;:rhkpahhpd; mwpKfk;:rhkpahhpd; mwpKfk;: miuapy; xU Jz;L> neQ;Rf;Fop tiu mlh;e;j jhb> jPl;rz;akhd ghh;it. ,JNt G+e;Njhl;lr;

rhkpahhpd; Njhw;wk;. ,tUf;nfd cwTfs; VJkpy;iy. tpehafu; Nfhapy; jhd; ,tUf;Fj; jQ;rk;. Nfhapy; FUf;fs; jUk; gpurhjNk ,tuJ czT.

• njhz;L nra;Ak; J}a cs;sk;:njhz;L nra;Ak; J}a cs;sk;:njhz;L nra;Ak; J}a cs;sk;:njhz;L nra;Ak; J}a cs;sk;: FUf;fs; tPl;Lj; njd;id kuj;jpy; Vwp Njq;fha; gwpg;ghh;;. nrl;bahh; tPl;bw;F vs; %l;il Rkg;ghu;.

ee;jtdr; nrbfSf;Fj; jz;zPh; Cw;Wthh;. G+g;gwpj;Jj; jUthh;. ,t;thW G+e;Njhl;lr; rhkpahh; vy;yhUf;Fk; njhz;L nra;Ak; J}a cs;sk; cilatuhf tho;e;jhh;.

• Jah; Jilf;Fk; J}ath;:Jah; Jilf;Fk; J}ath;:Jah; Jilf;Fk; J}ath;:Jah; Jilf;Fk; J}ath;: khzpf;fk; nrl;bahhpd; kidtp> jd; kfd; ,Uf;Fk; Chpy; jw;NghJ rz;il eilngWtjhy;

mtidf; fhj;jUs Ntz;Lnkd tpehafg; ngUkhid Ntz;bdhs;. cUf;fkhd me;j Ntz;Ljiyf; fz;l rhkpahh;> ftiy Ntz;lhk; tpf;Nd];tuh; JizapUg;ghh; vd;W MWjy; $wpa NghJ> Jah; Jilf;Fk; J}atuhfj; jpfo;fpwhh;.

• rhkpahhpd; ehl;Lg; gw;W:rhkpahhpd; ehl;Lg; gw;W:rhkpahhpd; ehl;Lg; gw;W:rhkpahhpd; ehl;Lg; gw;W: Nfhapy; tpohtpw;fhfr; rKf;fhsk; thq;f> gl;lhsj;Jg; nghparhkp tPl;bw;Fr; nrd;whh; G+e;Njhl;lr;

rhkpahh;. gl;lhsj;Jg; nghparhkp ,U cyfg; NghhpYk; gq;F ngw;wth;. jd; xNu kfidAk; ,uhZtj;jpy; gzpahw;wpl mDg;gp itj;jth;. me;jr; NrhkehjNdh Nghhpy; tPu kuzk; mile;jhd;. vdpDk; mth; kdk; jsutpy;iy. jPNahh; ,Uf;Fk; tiu jPikfs; ,Uf;Fk;> rz;ilfSk; ,Uf;Fk;. Mdhy; jh;kk; xU NghJk; mopahJ vd;w gl;lhsj;jhhpd; Ngr;R> rhkpahh; kdjpYk; ehl;Lg;gw;iwg; gw;w itj;jJ.

• rhkpahiu <u;j;j fPij:rhkpahiu <u;j;j fPij:rhkpahiu <u;j;j fPij:rhkpahiu <u;j;j fPij: ,e;j clk;G ek; Md;khtpd; rl;il. rl;il gorhdJk; Md;kh mij cjwp tpLfpwJ. vy;yh

caph;fSk; tpUk;gpNah tpUk;ghkNyh VNjh xU njhopYld; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. fh;kj;jpd; gydpy; gw;wpy;yhky; nra;a Ntz;ba njhopiyr; nra;gNd Jwtp vd;Wk; mtNd Nahfp vd;Wk; nrhw;nghopT Mw;wpdhh; nrhw;nghopthsu;. fPij fhl;ba ,e;jg; ghij rhkpahiu ngupJk; <u;j;jJ. ,Jtiu ,Uspy; fple;j jd; tho;f;iff;F xsp fpilj;J tpl;ljhf rhkpahu; vz;zpdhh;.

• rhkpahUk; ,yl;rpaKk;:rhkpahUk; ,yl;rpaKk;:rhkpahUk; ,yl;rpaKk;:rhkpahUk; ,yl;rpaKk;: Nrhkehjdpd; tPu kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpwFk; kdk; jsuhj gl;lhsj;Jg;gps;is> rhkpahupd; kdjpy;

cau;e;J epd;whu;. mtNu cz;ikahd Jwtp vdTk; rhkpahu; KbT nra;jhu;. mtiug; Nghy> jk; tho;f;ifiaAk; mikj;Jf; nfhs;s ,yl;rpak; nfhz;lhu;. cWjpahd KbntLj;J> ahuplKk; nrhy;yhky; Nfhapiy tpl;L ntspNawpdhu;.

• rhkpahupd; ehl;Lg;gw;W:rhkpahupd; ehl;Lg;gw;W:rhkpahupd; ehl;Lg;gw;W:rhkpahupd; ehl;Lg;gw;W: rpy ehl;fs; fopj;J> kOq;fr; rpiuj;j NkhthAk;> cjl;Lf;F Nky; KWf;fp tpl;l kPirAk;>

fpuhg;Gj;jiyAk;> fhf;fpr; rl;ilf;Fs; Gilj;Jf; ftrkpl;lhu; Nghd;w fk;gPukhd khu;Gk; nfhz;l> ehl;Lg;gw;W epiwe;j rhkpahupd; Njhw;wj;ijf; fz;l Nfhapy; FUf;fs;> gae;jhYk; gpd; fz; fyq;fpdhu;. gl;lhsj;Jg; gps;isNah> rhkpahiu jd; kfd; vd vz;zp mtiu ghrj;NjhL midj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;.

• KbTiu: KbTiu: KbTiu: KbTiu: tho;f;ifia ntWj;J tho;tJ kl;Lk; Jwty;y> ehl;L kf;fspd; eyd; fhf;fg; NghUf;Fr;

nry;tJk; JwNt vd;w cau;e;j fUj;ij kdjpy; gjpar; nra;Jtpl;lhu; n[afhe;jd;. G+e;Njhl;lr; rhkpahNuh jkJ jdpg; gz;GfshYk; ehl;Lg; gw;wpdhYk; ek; kdjpy; cau;e;J epw;fpwhu;.

• ePjp:ePjp:ePjp:ePjp: ehl;bw;fhf jd;id mu;g;gzpg;gNj rpwe;j JwT.


m.vopyurd; 35

fpopry;fpopry;fpopry;fpopry;

• Kd;Diu: Kd;Diu: Kd;Diu: Kd;Diu: ,d;W kw;wtu; nghUisf; nfhs;isapl;L> nfhw;wtu; Nghy; thoj; Jbf;Fk; kdq;fs;

ngUfptpl;ld. ,e;j cyfpy; tha;g;igj; Njbr; nrd;W Vkhw;WNthUk; cz;L> tha;g;Gf; fpilf;Fk; NghJ Vkhw;Wgtu;fSk; cz;L. ,jpy; khzpf;fj;jpd; je;ijia vjpy; Nrh;g;gJ? je;ijapd; gz;ghl;by; Vw;gl;l fpopryhy; kfdpd; cs;sj;jpy; Vw;gl;l fpoprNy ehQ;rpy; ehldpd; fpopry;.

• fijapd; fU:fijapd; fU:fijapd; fU:fijapd; fU: gz;ghl;by; fpopry; vd;why; tho;f;ifapy; Vw;gLk; tpupry;.

• fij khe;jtu;fs;:fij khe;jtu;fs;:fij khe;jtu;fs;:fij khe;jtu;fs;: khzpf;fk;> mtupd; je;ij> khzpf;fj;jpd; ez;gd;> gftjp tpyh]; ru;tu;.

• RrPe;juk; Nfhapy; jpUtpoh:RrPe;juk; Nfhapy; jpUtpoh:RrPe;juk; Nfhapy; jpUtpoh:RrPe;juk; Nfhapy; jpUtpoh: Mz;L NjhWk; RrPe;juk; Nfhapypy; 10 ehl;fs; jpUtpoh eilngWk;. nfhb Vw;wpa Kjy; 3 ehl;fs;

$l;lk; ,Uf;fhJ. 4k; ehs; Kjy; tpbatpba tpahghuk; elf;Fk;. NjNuhl;lk; md;W filf;F Xa;Nt fpilahJ.

• ,irtpoh:,irtpoh:,irtpoh:,irtpoh: tpohtpd; xt;nthU ehSk; 2 fr;Nrhpfs; elf;Fk;. 6kzp Kjy; 9kzp tiu ,irthzh; ghLth;.

gpwF 10kzp Kjy; 3kzp tiu ,irf; fUtpfis ,irg;Nghhpd; fr;Nrupfs; elf;Fk;.

• gftjp tpyh]; fhgp fpsggftjp tpyh]; fhgp fpsggftjp tpyh]; fhgp fpsggftjp tpyh]; fhgp fpsg;: Nkiyj;njU kfhuh[d;> nfhb Vwpa md;Nw kz; Rtu; vOg;gp rikf;Fk; ,lk;> rhg;gpLk; ,lk;

vdg; gphpj;J> Xiyahy; milj;J> ‘gftjp tpyh]; fhgp fpsg;’ vd;W ngahpl;lhh;. mtuJ filapy; Njhir> ,l;yp> til vd rhg;gpl tUk; $l;lk; miy NkhJk;. $l;lk; ngUfg; ngUf msTk; juKk; FiwAk;.

• khzpf;fj;jpd; ,khzpf;fj;jpd; ,khzpf;fj;jpd; ,khzpf;fj;jpd; ,ir mwpT:ir mwpT:ir mwpT:ir mwpT: khzpf;fk; xd;gjhk; tFg;G khztd;. rq;fPjj;jpy; <LghL fpilahNj jtpu> jd; jkpohrpupau;

nrhy;ypj;jUk; ghly;fisAk; NubNahtpy; Nfl;Fk; rpdpkhg; ghly;fisAk; mg;gbNa ghLk; jpwd; kpf;ftd;.

• je;ij nrhy;kpf;f ke;jpukpy;iy:je;ij nrhy;kpf;f ke;jpukpy;iy:je;ij nrhy;kpf;f ke;jpukpy;iy:je;ij nrhy;kpf;f ke;jpukpy;iy: jpUtpoh tpsk;guj;jhisg; ghu;j;j clNd> ,e;j Mz;L jhDk; jpUtpohtpw;Fr; nry;tJ vd;W

jPu;khdpj;jhd; khzpf;fk;. je;ijia er;rupj;jhd;. je;ijNah jpUtpoh filfisg; ghu;j;J mij thq;fpj;jh! ,ij thq;fpj;jh! vd mlk; gpbf;ff;$lhJ> Neukhfptpl;lJ cwf;fk; tUfpwJ vd;W nrhy;;yf; $lhJ vd epge;jidfis tppjpj;jhu;. je;ijapd; fl;lisf;F fl;Lg;gl;l khzpf;fk;> mtdppd; je;ijAld; 5 kzpf;nfy;yhk; ed;whfr; rhg;gpl;Ltpl;Lf; fpsk;gpdhd;.

• ,urpj;jJ neQ;rk;! ,dpj;jJ ghly;!:,urpj;jJ neQ;rk;! ,dpj;jJ ghly;!:,urpj;jJ neQ;rk;! ,dpj;jJ ghly;!:,urpj;jJ neQ;rk;! ,dpj;jJ ghly;!: RrPe;jpuk; Nfhapypy; rPu;fhop Nfhtpe;juh[d; ghbf;nfhz;bUe;jhu;. Kd;tupirapy; cl;fhu

,lkpy;yhjjhy;> Nfhtpy; Rtupy; Vwp cl;fhu;e;J nfhz;lhu;fs; khzpf;fKk; mtdpd; je;ijAk;. rPu;fhopapd; ghly;fs; nka;rpypu;f;fr; nra;jdu;. ,uT 9 kzpf;F fr;Nrup Kbe;jJ. xU kzp Neu ,ilNtisapy; ru;f;f]Pk;> nuf;fhh;l; lhd;Rk; Kk;kukha; ele;jd. mjd;gpd; tyq;ifkhdpd; jtpy; fr;Nrup.

• thl;baJ grp! jLj;jJ fl;lis!:thl;baJ grp! jLj;jJ fl;lis!:thl;baJ grp! jLj;jJ fl;lis!:thl;baJ grp! jLj;jJ fl;lis!: jpLk; jpLk; vdj; jtpy;fs; mjph;e;jd. khzpf;fj;jpw;F cwf;fk; te;jJ. fr;Nrhp Kba ,d;Dk;

,uz;L kzp NeukhtJ MFk;. ,uT xU kzpf;F ,UtUk; tPL jpUk;g vOe;jdh;. mtDf;F tapW grpf;f> mg;gh nrhd;d epge;jidfSk; mtd; epidtpy; cld; vOe;jd. gftjp tpyh]; gf;fk; tu> filfspy; cs;s czTg;nghUl;fspd; kzk; mtu;fis ,Oj;jJ. tapW grpf;fNy! vd;whh; mg;gh. Mk; vd;whd; khzpf;fk;. ,UtUk; $l;l nehprypy; filf;Fs; Eioe;J> ,lk; gpbj;J cl;fhh;e;jdh;.

• neUf;fpaJ $l;lk;! fpilj;jJ ,lk;!:neUf;fpaJ $l;lk;! fpilj;jJ ,lk;!:neUf;fpaJ $l;lk;! fpilj;jJ ,lk;!:neUf;fpaJ $l;lk;! fpilj;jJ ,lk;!: filf;Fs; neUf;fpaJ $l;lk;. ,lk; gpbj;J cl;fhh;e;jdh;. MSf;F ehY Njhir> ,uz;L

,urtil rhg;gpl;Lj; NjePh; Fbj;jdh;. tpiyg;gl;baiyg; ghh;j;J khzpf;fk; fzf;Fg; Nghl;L> jhq;fs; rhg;gpl;ljw;F Md njhif ,uz;L &gha; njhz;Z}W igrh vd;W fzf;F itj;Jf; nfhz;lhd;. gzk; nfhLf;Fk; ,lj;jpw;F te;jdh;.

• gwe;jJ gz;G:gwe;jJ gz;G:gwe;jJ gz;G:gwe;jJ gz;G: fz;zhb Nghl;l mz;zhr;rp ehY Kg;gJ. mLj;jhg;Ny xz;Z ,UgJ. ghl;lh xd;Z mQ;R

vd;W Fuy;fs; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jd. gzj;ij thq;FgtUf;F Kfj;ij Vwpl;Lg; ghh;f;fNth> fhir vz;zp thq;fNth Neukpy;yhj mstpw;Ff; $l;lk;.

• je;ijapd; nray;:je;ijapd; nray;:je;ijapd; nray;:je;ijapd; nray;: khzpf;fj;jpd; je;ij Xh; Ik;gJ igrhit vLj;J Nkir kPJ itj;jhh;. Vwpl;Lg; ghh;j;j

filf;fhuhplk; ,uz;L NjePh; vd;whh;. khzpf;fj;jpd; ifiag; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L eiliaf; fl;bdhh;.

• jPh;khdpj;jJ kdk;:jPh;khdpj;jJ kdk;:jPh;khdpj;jJ kdk;:jPh;khdpj;jJ kdk;: rpwpJ J}uk; nrd;wJk; mg;ghtpd; Kfj;ij Xuf; fz;zhy; ghh;j;jhd; khzpf;fk;. ,jw;Fj;jhd;

mg;gh Mz;LNjhWk; fr;Nrhpf;F tUfpwhNuh? ,dpNky; ,tUld; tuf;$lhJ vd;W jPh;khdpj;jhd;.


m.vopyurd; 36

• KbTiu:KbTiu:KbTiu:KbTiu: tWik mg;ghtpd; igapy; ,y;iy. ,jaj;jpy; my;yth cs;sJ? rl;ilapy; fpopry; vd;why; Crp E}yhy; ijf;fyhk;. ,jaj;jpy; - gz;ghl;by; fpopry; vd;why; vd;d nra;tJ? ve;j Crpahy; ijg;gJ?

• ePjp:ePjp:ePjp:ePjp: rpWikahd xU nray; ngUikahd ahitAk; mopf;Fk;.

IV - y; y; y; y; tpdh vz; 14tpdh vz; 14tpdh vz; 14tpdh vz; 14: 3 fijfs; Nfl;fg;gLk;: 3 fijfs; Nfl;fg;gLk;: 3 fijfs; Nfl;fg;gLk;: 3 fijfs; Nfl;fg;gLk;>>>> mtw;wpy; 1mtw;wpy; 1mtw;wpy; 1mtw;wpy; 1 kl;Lk; Nju;e;njLj;Jkl;Lk; Nju;e;njLj;Jkl;Lk; Nju;e;njLj;Jkl;Lk; Nju;e;njLj;J jpwdha;Tjpwdha;Tjpwdha;Tjpwdha;T nra;jy; nra;jy; nra;jy; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;Ntz;Lk;Ntz;Lk;Ntz;Lk;.... Kd;Diu> KbTiu> kdk; ftu;e;j fijkhe;ju; ngau; Kd;Diu> KbTiu> kdk; ftu;e;j fijkhe;ju; ngau; Kd;Diu> KbTiu> kdk; ftu;e;j fijkhe;ju; ngau; Kd;Diu> KbTiu> kdk; ftu;e;j fijkhe;ju; ngau; ---- 3333 kjpgkjpgkjpgkjpg;ngz;fs;> gz;Gfs; ;ngz;fs;> gz;Gfs; ;ngz;fs;> gz;Gfs; ;ngz;fs;> gz;Gfs; ---- 7777 kjpg;ngz;fs;kjpg;ngz;fs;kjpg;ngz;fs;kjpg;ngz;fs;

Xh; cy;yhrg; gazk;Xh; cy;yhrg; gazk;Xh; cy;yhrg; gazk;Xh; cy;yhrg; gazk;

• Kd;Diu: Kd;Diu: Kd;Diu: Kd;Diu: nfhbJ nfhbJ tWik nfhbJ> mjdpDk; nfhbJ> ,sikapy; tWik nfhbJ vd;gJ

xsitapd; thf;F. gy jiyKiwahf tWikAw;W thOk;> nghUshjhu trjpaw;w kf;fspd; kd ,ay;ig> ntspr;rk; Nghl;Lf; fhl;LfpwJ tz;zjhrdpd; cy;yhrg;gazk;.

• fijkhe;ju;fs;: fijkhe;ju;fs;: fijkhe;ju;fs;: fijkhe;ju;fs;: ,e;jf; fijapy; fijkhe;jh;fs; vtUila ngaUk; $wg;gltpy;iy. je;ij> jha;> kfd;> kfs;>

Mrphpah; vd cwTKiwg; ngah;fSk;> njhopw; ngah;fSk; kl;LNk ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd.

• vdf;F gpbj;j fijkhe;juvdf;F gpbj;j fijkhe;juvdf;F gpbj;j fijkhe;juvdf;F gpbj;j fijkhe;ju;: fij khe;jh;fSs; vd; kdk; fth;e;j fjhghj;jpuk; ‘kfd;’ Mthh;.

• je;ijapd; epiy mwpe;jtd;:je;ijapd; epiy mwpe;jtd;:je;ijapd; epiy mwpe;jtd;:je;ijapd; epiy mwpe;jtd;: vl;lhk; tFg;G gbf;Fk; mtd;> xU ehs; fhiy vl;liu kzp ,Uf;Fk;> rptg;G epw Nehl;B];

xd;iwf; nfhLj;jhd; je;ijaplk;. mJ xd;Wk; GjpaJ md;W. Mz;LNjhWk; Re;jpu jpdj;ijnahl;b mtd; gs;spapy; cy;yhrg; gazk; mioj;Jr; nry;tJ cz;L. mjw;fhd tpsk;guk; jhd; mJ. fle;j Mz;Nl> mLj;j tUlk; fz;bg;ghf mDg;GfpNwd; vd;W nrhy;ypapUe;jhh; je;ij. itj;jpar; nryT> fy;ahzr; nryT> tPl;Lr; nryT> mJ ,J vdr; nryTfs; mjpfhpj;jJ. mjdhy; ,e;j tUlKk; mtuhy; kfidr; Rw;Wyhtpw;F mDg;g ,aytpy;iy. Fw;whyk; Nghf Ntz;Lk; vd;W mtd; Nfl;fTk; ,y;iy> mlk;gpbf;fTk; ,y;iy. je;ijapd; epiyawpe;J ele;Jnfhs;Sk; ey;y kfdhf nray;gLfpwhd;.

• je;ijapd; ,jaj;jpy; mku;e;jtd;:je;ijapd; ,jaj;jpy; mku;e;jtd;:je;ijapd; ,jaj;jpy; mku;e;jtd;:je;ijapd; ,jaj;jpy; mku;e;jtd;: mtd; Nfl;f khl;lhdh? Nfl;lhy; jd; epiyia tpsf;fyhNk! vd epidj;jhh;. jd; epiyia

tpsf;f xU tha;g;Gf; $l jutpy;iyNa vd je;ij tUe;jpdhu;. je;ijapd; epiyia czh;e;J nray;gLk; ,e;j kfd; ek; ghuhl;Lf;Fupatd; Mthd;.

• flikAzu;T:flikAzu;T:flikAzu;T:flikAzu;T: tpwFf; filf;Fr; nrd;W tpwF thq;fp te;J> kioapy; eidahky; mLf;fisapy; NghLfpwhd;.

mk;kh gzpj;jgb rpiff;fha; thq;fp tu filf;Fr; nry;fpwhd;. ,g;gb ve;j Ntiyahf ,Ue;jhYk; jhNd Kd;dpUe;J nra;J Kbf;fpw flikAzu;T nfhz;ltdhf cs;shd;.

• je;ij je;ij je;ij je;ij Nghw;Wk; jdad;:Nghw;Wk; jdad;:Nghw;Wk; jdad;:Nghw;Wk; jdad;: Rje;jpu jpdk; nfhz;lhl gs;sp nrd;w ngz; gps;isfs; ,UtUk;> kioapy; eide;J tpLthh;fs;

Filia vLj;Jl;Lg; Nghq;f! vd;whs; mk;kh. clNd kfd; Filia vLj;Jf; nfhz;L Xbdhd; gs;spf;F. kfdpd; nray;fs;fisg; ghh;j;j je;ij> ,td; Vd; ,e;j tajpy; vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; ehd;jhd; vd;W ,Oj;Jg; Nghl;Lr; nra;fpwhd;. khl;Nld;> KbahJ vd;W mtDf;F Vd; nrhy;yj; njhpatpy;iy vd;W tpaf;fpwhh;. ,t;tsT nghWg;ghd gps;isia Rw;Wyhtpw;F mDg;g ,aytpy;iyNa vd je;ijNa tUj;jk; nfhs;Sk; mstpw;F> Nghw;WjYf;Fupatdhf nray;gLfpwhd; kfd;.

• Njb te;j Fw;whyk;:Njb te;j Fw;whyk;:Njb te;j Fw;whyk;:Njb te;j Fw;whyk;: kioapd; fhuzkhf vjph;j;j tPl;Lj; jl;Nlhbapy; ,Ue;J> jz;zPh; mfyg;gl;ilahf

tpOe;Jnfhz;bUe;jJ. mUtp tpOJ! mUtp tpOJ! vd;W ghbf;nfhz;Lk;> Mbf;nfhz;Lk; Mde;jf;

$j;jhbdhd; kfd;. ifapYk; jiyapYk; jz;zPh; tpOk;gb Kd;Dk; gpd;Dk; rha;e;jhbdhd;. ‘N`ha;’ vd;W $r;rypl;L kfpo;e;jhd;. ,e;jf; fhl;rpiag; ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j je;ij> kdRf;Fs; nksdkha; mOjhh;. mg;nghOJ mtupd; kidtp> ,e;j nfhl;lw kioapy vq;Nf Ngha; njhiye;jhd; ,td;? vdf; Nfl;f> mtNuh fufuj;j Fuypy; Fw;whyj;jpw;F vd;whh;. ,r;nraiyf; fhZq;fhy;> Viofspd; ey;y cs;sj;jpw;F ,aw;ifNa ,wq;fp te;J cjTk; vd;gJ cz;ikahfpwJ.

• KbTiu:KbTiu:KbTiu:KbTiu: kfd; gd;dpuz;L taJg; ghyfd; FLk;gj;jpd; nghUshjhu epiyia czh;e;jtd;. Rw;Wyhtpw;Fj;

je;ij mDg;gtpy;iyNa vd;W NfhgNkh! tUj;jNkh! mtdplk; ,y;iy. tPl;Lg; gzpfisj; jhNd ,Oj;Jg; Nghl;Lr; nra;Ak; ,e;jg; gz;ghd gps;isia - ,e;j kfid ahUf;Fj;jhd; gpbf;fhky; NghFk;?

xt;nthUxt;nthUxt;nthUxt;nthU fy;yha;fy;yha;fy;yha;fy;yha;

• Kd;Diu:Kd;Diu:Kd;Diu:Kd;Diu: vyp tisahdhYk; jdp tis Ntz;Lk; vd;w gonkhopf;F Vw;g xt;nthU fy;yha; ghu;j;Jg;

ghu;j;Jf; fl;ba tPl;by; FbNaw ,ayhj epiy> ,UtUf;F Vw;gl;L tpLfpwJ. Ngz;l;fhuu;> xz;bf;


m.vopyurd; 37

Fbj;jdf;fhuu;> mtu;fSila kidtp vd;W FwpaPLfshfNt fijkhe;ju;fis gilj;Js;shu; fijapd; Mrpupau; fe;ju;td;.

• kdk; ftu;e;j fjhghj;jpuk;:kdk; ftu;e;j fjhghj;jpuk;:kdk; ftu;e;j fjhghj;jpuk;:kdk; ftu;e;j fjhghj;jpuk;: xz;bf;Fbj;jdf;fhuNu vd; kdk; ftu;e;j fjhghj;jpukhFk;.

• xz;bf;Fbj;jdf;fhuu;:xz;bf;Fbj;jdf;fhuu;:xz;bf;Fbj;jdf;fhuu;:xz;bf;Fbj;jdf;fhuu;: mk;kp> Ml;Luy;> ghj;&k;> vd vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; fpA+. gps;isfshy; gf;fj;J tPLfspy; rz;il.

,tw;wpy; ,Ue;J jg;gpf;f jdp tPL xd;W kl;LNk jPu;T vd vz;zp> ‘jdptPL’ NjLk; nghOJ> FLk;gj;jpd; kPJs;s ghrk; xz;bf;Fbj;jdf;fhuuplk; mg;gl;lkhf ntspg;gLfpwJ.

• Ngz;l;fhuupd; tPl;by; Fb GFjy;Ngz;l;fhuupd; tPl;by; Fb GFjy;Ngz;l;fhuupd; tPl;by; Fb GFjy;Ngz;l;fhuupd; tPl;by; Fb GFjy;:::: Ntl;b fl;Lfpwtu;fs;> ifyp fl;Lfpwtu;fs; vy;yhk; Viofs;. ,tu;fs;$l GjpatPL fl;Lfpwhu;fs;

vd;W Ngz;l;fhuu; thapyhf $Wk; nghOJ> mtupd; f\;lkhd kdepiyia mofhf glk;gpbj;Jf; fhl;bAs;shu; Mrpupau;. Ngz;l; Nghl;ltnuy;yhk; kdepiwthd tho;f;ifia tho;tjpy;iy vd;gij ,J tpsf;FfpwJ. mj;jifa Ngz;l;fhuu; miuFiwahf fl;ba tPl;by; xz;bf;Fbj;jdf;fhuu; 300 &gha; thlifapy; Fb GFfpwhu;.

• kidtpf;F kidtpf;F kidtpf;F kidtpf;F kupahijkupahijkupahijkupahij:::: Ngz;l;fhuu; 40000 &gha; nfhLj;jhy; xj;jpf;F tPL jUtjhf nrhy;ypa nghOJ> jd; kidtpapd;

mwpTiufspd;gb> eiffis mlF itj;Jk; kr;rhdplk; fld; thq;fpAk; g;uhtpld; gz;L vLj;Jk; gzj;ijj; je;J tPl;il xj;jpf;F ngWfpwhu;.

• vijAk; jhq;Fk; ,jak;:vijAk; jhq;Fk; ,jak;:vijAk; jhq;Fk; ,jak;:vijAk; jhq;Fk; ,jak;: Xuhz;L xj;jpf;F tPl;bd; ngaupy; gzj;ij thq;fp %d;Nw khjq;fspy; jpUg;gpj;je;j nghOJk;>

,dp tPl;by; FbapUf;f Ntz;Lnkd;why; NkYk; 50 &gha; thlif juNtz;Lk; vd;W Ngz;l;fhuu; nrhd;d nghOJk;> FLk;gj;jpd; epiy czu;e;J vijAk; jhq;Fk; ,jak; nfhz;l FLk;gj;jiytuhf epfo;fpwhu; xz;bf;Fbj;jdf;fhuu;.

• ek;gpf;if el;rj;jpuk;:ek;gpf;if el;rj;jpuk;:ek;gpf;if el;rj;jpuk;:ek;gpf;if el;rj;jpuk;: Ngz;l;fhuupd;; nfLgpbfis fUj;jpy; nfhz;L jdf;nfd;W xU nrhe;j tPL Ntz;Lk; vd vz;zp>

3 jtizfspy; fld; thq;fp> ek;gpf;ifAld; tPl;ilf;fl;lj; njhlq;Ffpwhu; xz;bf;Fbj;jdf;fhuu;.

• mf;fiuAs;s FLk;gj;jiytu;;:mf;fiuAs;s FLk;gj;jiytu;;:mf;fiuAs;s FLk;gj;jiytu;;:mf;fiuAs;s FLk;gj;jiytu;;: fld; thq;fp tPLfl;lj; njhlq;fpa xz;bf;Fbj;jdf;fhuu;> Ngz;l;fhupd; tPl;ilg;Nghy; my;yhky;

ml;lhr; ghj;&k;> tPl;bd; Kd;Dk; gpd;Dk; kuq;fs;> nrl;behl;L jiuf;fy;> khdhkJiu kuj;jhyhd Jhz;fs; vd ghu;j;Jg; ghu;j;J tPl;ilf; fl;Ltjhy;> mf;fiuAs;s FLk;gj;jiytuhf cs;shu; xz;bf;Fbj;jdf;fhuu;.

• ghrKs;s mg;gh:ghrKs;s mg;gh:ghrKs;s mg;gh:ghrKs;s mg;gh: tl;bf;F fld; thq;fpAk; mlkhd gj;jpuq;fs; vOj;jpf; nfhLj;Jk; tPl;ilf; fl;Lfpwhu;

xz;bf;Fbj;jdf;fhuu;. jhd; fl;ba tPlhf ,Ue;jhYk; jdf;Fg; gpd; vy;yhNk jd; kfd; vd;gij czu;e;J Fkhu; vd;Nw tPl;Lf;F ngaiu itf;fpwhu;. ,jpypUe;J xz;bf;Fbj;jdf;fhuu; ghrKs;s mg;gh MfptpLfpwhu;.

• vjhu;j;j kdpju;:vjhu;j;j kdpju;:vjhu;j;j kdpju;:vjhu;j;j kdpju;: tPl;il KOikahf fl;b Kbf;f KbahjjhYk;> fld;fhuu;fspd; njhy;iy mjpfupj;jjhYk;

miuFiwahf fl;ba tPl;il 500 &gha; thliff;F tpl;Ltpl;L> 350 &gha; thlifapy; FbapUf;Fk; vjhu;j;j kdpjuhf tho;fpwhu; xz;bf;Fbj;jdf;fhuu;.

• KbTiu:KbTiu:KbTiu:KbTiu: nghUshjhu epiyia ed;F czuhjjhYk; Mir kpFjpahYk; Mlk;gukhf tPL fl;l vz;zp> glhj ghLgLk; ,d;iwa FLk;gj;jiytu;fspd; epiyia xz;bf;Fbj;jdf;fhuu; kw;Wk; Ngz;l;fhuupd; thapyhf> xt;nthU fy;yha; mLf;fpr; nrhy;fpwhu; Mrpupau;.

kz;kz;kz;kz;

• Kd;Diu:Kd;Diu:Kd;Diu:Kd;Diu: kfj;Jtg; gpwg;ghk; khdplg; gpwg;G! mjpy; kq;ifuha; gpwg;gNj gy jtq;fspd; rpwg;G! ,ij kwe;J

Ky;iy mUk;Gfisf; fs;spg; ghYf;Fk;> fUf;fha; ney;Yf;Fk; fhzpf;ifahf;Fk; rKjha mtyj;ijr; rhLtNj ma;f;fz; vOjpa kz; vd;Dk; rpWfij.

• fijkhe;ju;fs;:fijkhe;ju;fs;:fijkhe;ju;fs;:fijkhe;ju;fs;: fUg;igah - ,uhkhap vd;w jkpo; jk;gjpah;> hpr;rh;L - yp]p vd;w Mq;fpNyaj; jk;gjpah;>

rpd;dj;jhap> Nrth njhz;L epWtdh; Nfhtpuh[;> #ug;gl;b kf;fs;.

• kdk; fth;e;j fjhghj;jpukkdk; fth;e;j fjhghj;jpukkdk; fth;e;j fjhghj;jpukkdk; fth;e;j fjhghj;jpuk;: khw;wj;ij tpistpj;j kq;ifahf thOk; ,uhkhap jhd;> vd; cs;sk; ftu;e;j fjhghj;jpuk;.

• tWikapy; tWikapy; tWikapy; tWikapy; nrk;ik:nrk;ik:nrk;ik:nrk;ik: #ug;gl;b fpuhkk; thdk; ghh;j;j G+kp. mq;F Mz;L KOtJk; tptrha Ntiy ,Ug;gJ ,y;iy.


m.vopyurd; 38

NrhW fpilj;j NghJ cz;L> fpilf;fhj NghJ Nrhq;fp thOk; epiyia tpl;Ltpl;L> fztNdhL fhy;eilahf nrd;W gf;fj;Jf; fpuhkq;fspy; Ntiy nra;J miutapWf; fQ;rpiaf;$l> KO kfpo;r;rpNahL cz;L> nrk;ikahd tho;f;if tho;e;jts; ,uhkhap.

• fs;spf;fhl;L Nuh[h:fs;spf;fhl;L Nuh[h:fs;spf;fhl;L Nuh[h:fs;spf;fhl;L Nuh[h: jdf;F gpwf;Fk; ngz; gps;isfis> fs;spg;ghYf;Fk; fUf;fha; ney;Yf;Fk; ,iuahf;Ftij

Fyj;njhopyhff; nfhz;L tho;gtu;fs;> #ug;gl;b kf;fs;. ,e;j gz;glh epyj;jpy;> jdf;F gpwe;j> ,uz;L kfs;fisAk; fhj;J> tsu;f;Fk; fs;spf;fhl;L Nuh[h mts;.

• jha;ikapd; cd;djk;:jha;ikapd; cd;djk;:jha;ikapd; cd;djk;:jha;ikapd; cd;djk;: %d;whtJk; ngz; gps;isahf gpwf;f> fs;spg;ghYld; te;J epd;w> nfhiyfhu ngz;fisg;

ghh;j;J mjph;e;J Nghdhs; ,uhkhap. jd; Fyf;nfhOe;ij cyfpy; tho itf;fj; Jbj;J> vd; gps;isia ehd; tsu;j;Jf; nfhs;fpNwd; vd %r;rpiuj;J mOfpwhs;. ngz; gps;is vd;whYk;> mts; jd; gps;is vdr;nrhy;yp mOTk; nghOJ> ,uhkhapd; jha;ik ntspg;gLfpwJ.

• fUj;njhUkpj;j tho;T: fUj;njhUkpj;j tho;T: fUj;njhUkpj;j tho;T: fUj;njhUkpj;j tho;T: ,uhkhapd; tPl;Lf;F te;j rKf Nrtfu; Nfhtpuh[; mtu;fs;> hpr;rh;L - yp]papd; KbitAk;

kfisf; fhf;f topiaAk; nrhd;dhh;. Nrhh;e;J Nghd jk;gjpah; Nrh;e;J rpe;jpj;J> Ch;kf;fspd; kpul;liyAk; kjpahky; jj;Jf; nfhLj;jdh;. ,t;thW fztDld; fUj;njhUkpj;j tho;f;ifia tho;e;jhs; ,uhkhap.

• khw;wj;ij tpistpj;j kq;ikhw;wj;ij tpistpj;j kq;ikhw;wj;ij tpistpj;j kq;ikhw;wj;ij tpistpj;j kq;if:f:f:f: fs;spg;ghYf;F fhzpf;ifahf;fhky; jd;NdhL ,y;yhtpl;lhYk; vq;Nfh capNuhL ,Ue;jhy;

NghJk; vd vz;zp> Nfhtpuh[; fUj;ij Mjupj;J kfis jj;Jf;nfhLg;gjhy;> khw;wj;ij tpistpj;j kq;ifahf jpfo;fpwhs; ,uhkhap.

• ghrk; kwthjts;:ghrk; kwthjts;:ghrk; kwthjts;:ghrk; kwthjts;: fl;bf;nfhLj;jh tpl;LNghr;R cwT vd;fpw ,d;iwa rKjhaj;jpy;> 21 Mz;Lfs; Kd; upr;ru;L -

yp]papd; jk;gjpaUf;F jj;Jf;nfhLj;j rpd;dj;jhap tPL te;jNghJ> ghrk; kwthjtshf czT+l;b kfpo;fpwhs; ,uhkhap.

• jkpoupd; khz;G ngw;wts;;:jkpoupd; khz;G ngw;wts;;:jkpoupd; khz;G ngw;wts;;:jkpoupd; khz;G ngw;wts;;: vq;fs; Foe;ijia tpiyf;F tpw;ftpy;iy> jhdkhfj;jhd; je;Njhk;. jhdkhff; nfhLj;j

xd;wpw;F tpiy NgRtNjh> mijj; jpUk;gg; ngWtNjh jkpo; kz;zpw;F mofy;y vd;W $wp upr;ru;L - yp]p jk;gjpau; nfhLj;j gzj;ij jpl;ltl;lkhf kWj;Jtpl;lhs; ,uhkhap. mJkl;Lky;y clNd mij mth;fSf;Nf jpUg;gp mDg;gp tpLkhW N]th njhz;L epWtdu; Nfhtpuh[plk; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhs;.

• kw;wtupd; ghuhl;Lf;Fupats;:kw;wtupd; ghuhl;Lf;Fupats;:kw;wtupd; ghuhl;Lf;Fupats;:kw;wtupd; ghuhl;Lf;Fupats;: jkpo; kz;zpy; kl;LNk ,uhkhap> rpd;dj;jhap Nghd;w ngz;fs; gpwf;fTk; jpUf;FwSk;>

jpUthrfKk; jiof;fTk; KbAk; vd;W hpr;rh;L ghuhl;Lk; ghf;fpak; ngw;whs; ,uhkhap.

• KbTiu:KbTiu:KbTiu:KbTiu: JzpTj; jhuifaha;> gz;gpd; ciwtplkha;> ghrj;jpd; gpwg;gplkha;> kdpj Nea khz;Gilatsha;j;

jpfOk; ,uhkhap fjhghj;jpuk; cd;djg; gilg;G.

ggggopf;Fg;gopopf;Fg;gopopf;Fg;gopopf;Fg;gop

• Kd;Diu:Kd;Diu:Kd;Diu:Kd;Diu: fz;zhy; fhz;gJk; ngha;> fhjhy; Nfl;gJk; ngha;> jPu tprhupg;gNj nka; vd;w fUj;ij

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L mikag;ngw;w rpWfijNa> j.eh.Nrdhtpd; gopf;Fg;gop.

• fijkhe;ju;fs;:fijkhe;ju;fs;:fijkhe;ju;fs;:fijkhe;ju;fs;: fpl;L vd;fpw fpU\;zrhkp> fpl;Ltpd; mz;zd;> gif gq;fhsp uhkehjd;.

• vdf;F vdf;F vdf;F vdf;F gpbj;j fijkhe;ju;:gpbj;j fijkhe;ju;:gpbj;j fijkhe;ju;:gpbj;j fijkhe;ju;: jk;gp fpl;Ltpd; kPJ nfhz;l md;ghy; jhahfTk;> mf;fiwAld; fz;bg;gjpy; je;ijahfTk;> gif -

gq;fhsp uhkehjid jz;bf;f tpUk;ghj kdpjNeauhfTk; ,Uf;Fk; fpl;Ltpd; mz;zd; fjhghj;jpuNk> vdf;F gpbj;j fijkhe;ju; Mthu;.

• gop thq;fhj gz;ghsd;:gop thq;fhj gz;ghsd;:gop thq;fhj gz;ghsd;:gop thq;fhj gz;ghsd;: gif gq;fhspfshy; jdf;F Vw;gl;l nfhLikfs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; nghWj;Jf; nfhz;L> mtu;fis

gopthq;fhky;> jd; FLk;gj;ij Kd;Ndw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;w xNu Nehf;fpy; thOk; gz;ghsdhf tho;;;fpwhu; fpl;Ltpd; mz;zd;.

• jhAs;sk;: jhAs;sk;: jhAs;sk;: jhAs;sk;: ngw;Nwhiu ,oe;J nrd;idf;F FbNaWk; mz;zd;> jhd; kl;Lk; jdpj;J nry;yhky;> jd; jk;gp

fpl;LitAk;; mioj;Jr; nry;fpwhu;. NkYk; Fiwthd rk;gsj;jpy; Ntiy nra;jhYk;> fpl;Lit jd; gps;isahff; fUjp> fy;Yhupapy; Nru;j;J jhAs;sj;NjhL mutizj;J gbf;f itf;fpwhu;.


m.vopyurd; 39

• fz;bf;Fk; je;ij:fz;bf;Fk; je;ij:fz;bf;Fk; je;ij:fz;bf;Fk; je;ij: fpl;Ltpd; fy;Yhup Mrpupaiur; re;jpj;j gpd;> fpl;L njhlu;e;J fy;Yhupf;F tUtjpy;iy vd;w

nra;jpia mwpe;J nfhs;fpwhu; mz;zd;. gpd; fpl;L> fy;tpapYk; Fzj;jpYk; jpir khwpg; Nghtjd; fhuzj;ij fz;Lzu;e;J> mtdJ Nju;r;rp tptuq;fisAk;> fhyjhkjkhf tPl;bw;F tUtijg; gw;wpAk; fhuzk; Nfl;L je;ijiag; Nghy;> fz;bf;fpwhu;; mz;zd;.

• mwpTiu $Wk; ez;gd;:mwpTiu $Wk; ez;gd;:mwpTiu $Wk; ez;gd;:mwpTiu $Wk; ez;gd;: jk;gpia fz;bj;j tUj;jj;jpy; thohky;> Mq;fpy ehty;fisAk; jkpo;g; gj;jpupiffisAk;

jk;gpf;fhf thq;fpr; nry;fpwhu;. NkYk; fz;bj;jjw;F tUj;jk; njuptpj;J> tho;tpy; Kd;Ndw;wk; Ntz;Lnkd;why;> jPa ez;gu;fspd; el;igf; Fiwj;Jf;nfhs; vd mwpTiu $Wk; ez;gdhf jpfo;fpwhu;.

• jz;bf;f tpUk;ghj kdpjNeau;:jz;bf;f tpUk;ghj kdpjNeau;:jz;bf;f tpUk;ghj kdpjNeau;:jz;bf;f tpUk;ghj kdpjNeau;: Kd; tpNuhjpahd uhkehjDk; jk;gp fpl;LTk; ehlf xj;jpif ghu;g;gJ njupahky;> jk;gpiaj; Njb

miye;J jpupe;J> filrpapy; mtu;fspUtUk; rz;il NghLtjhf jtwhf epidj;Jf;nfhz;L> fpl;L....? mtd; cdf;F mz;zd; Kiwalh.....! vdr; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;L XLk; nghOJ> jz;bf;f tpUk;ghj kdpjNeauhf tho;fpwhu;.

• khw;wj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; kdpju;:khw;wj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; kdpju;:khw;wj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; kdpju;:khw;wj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; kdpju;: Kjypy; uhkehjDld; goFtij fz;bj;j mz;zd;> mtu;fspd; cz;ikahd el;igf; fz;L

kfpo;r;rp milfpwhu;. ,dptUk; jiyKiwahtJ ek;ikg; Nghd;W gifj;Jf; nfhz;L ,Uf;fhky;> el;NghL thol;Lk; vd kdjhu tho;j;Jtjhy;> fhyj;jpw;F Vw;g khw;wj;ij tpUk;Gk; kdpjuhf xspu;fpwhu;.

• KbTiu:KbTiu:KbTiu:KbTiu: mz;zd; vd;why; jk;gpfshy; Vkhw;wg; gLgtu;fshfTk;> Nrhk;NgwpfshfTk;> RaeythjpfshfTk;

rpj;jpuj;Js;s ,d;iwa rKjha #oypy; ,Ue;J tpLgl;L> mr;rhzp Nghd;Wk;> Mykuk; Nghd;Wk;> Mzp Ntiug; Nghd;Wk; cau;j;jpf; $wpAs;s Mrpupaupd; gz;G ghuhl;lj;jf;fJ.

V.,yf;fpa eak; ghuhl;Ljy;. 10 kjpg;ngz;fs;,yf;fpa eak; ghuhl;Ljy;. 10 kjpg;ngz;fs;,yf;fpa eak; ghuhl;Ljy;. 10 kjpg;ngz;fs;,yf;fpa eak; ghuhl;Ljy;. 10 kjpg;ngz;fs; ghly; ghly; ghly; ghly; ---- 1111

fdpapil Vwpa RisAk; - Kw;wy; fioapil Vwpa rhWk;

gdpkyu;; Vwpa NjDk; - fha;r;Rg; ghfpil Vwpa RitAk;

edpgR nghopAk; ghYk; - njd;id ey;fpa Fspups ePUk;

,dpad vd;Ngd; vdpDk; - jkpio vd;Dapu; vd;Ngd; fz;Bu;. - ghujpjhrd;.

• Kd;Diu: Kd;Diu: Kd;Diu: Kd;Diu: cyff; ftpNkilfspy; jkpopd; ngUikfis capu;ngwr; nra;jtu;fspy; Kjd;ikahdtu;

ghNte;ju; ghujpjhrd; Mthu;. mtupd; gilg;Gfspy; ftpij eaKk; r%f tpLjiyAk; ,ize;Nj ,Uf;Fk;. mj;jifa ghly;fspy; xd;iwg;gw;wpa eak; ghuhl;liy ,q;F fhz;Nghk;.

• Mrpupau; Fwpg;G: Mrpupau; Fwpg;G: Mrpupau; Fwpg;G: Mrpupau; Fwpg;G: ghNte;ju; ghujpjhrd; GJr;Nrupapy; gpwe;J> gprpuhe;ijahu; vd;w EhYf;fhf rhfpj;a mfhnjkp

tpUjpidg; ngw;wtu;. GJit murpd; jkpo;j;jha; tho;j;Jg;ghliyAk; ,Uz;l tPL> FLk;g tpsf;F Nghd;w Ehy;fisAk; ,aw;wp cs;shu;.

• ikaf;fUj;J: ikaf;fUj;J: ikaf;fUj;J: ikaf;fUj;J: cyfpy; Njhd;wpa kw;w nghUl;fisg;Nghd;W jkpOk; ,dpikahdJ. NkYk; mJ jd; capiug;

Nghd;wJ vd jkpopd; ngUikfis vLj;Jf; $WfpwJ.

• jpuz;lf; fUj;J: jpuz;lf; fUj;J: jpuz;lf; fUj;J: jpuz;lf; fUj;J: Kw;wpa gyhr;RisAk;> fUk;Gr;rhWk;> gdpapy; kyu;e;j kyupy; cs;s NjDk;> ghfpd; ,dpg;Gk;> gRtpd;

ey;y ghYk;> njd;id nfhLf;Fk; Fspu; ,sePUk; jkpiog;Nghd;W ,dpikahdJ> vdpDk; jkpo; jd; capiug; Nghd;W cau;thdJ vd;W $Wfpwhu; Mrpupau;.

• Nkhid:Nkhid:Nkhid:Nkhid: Kjy; vOj;J xd;wptug; gpwg;gJ Nkhid.

o fdpapil - fioapil - fz;Bu; o edpgR - ey;fpa o vd;Ngd; - vd;Dapu;

• vJif:vJif:vJif:vJif: ,uz;lhk; vOj;J xd;wptug; gpwg;gJ vJif.

o fdpapil - gdpkyu; - edpgR - ,dpad o vd;Ngd; - vd;Dapu; - njd;id o Vwpa - Vwpa


m.vopyurd; 40

• ,iaG:,iaG:,iaG:,iaG: filrp vOj;Njh nrhy;Nyh xd;wptug; gpwg;gJ ,iaG. ghlypd; Kjy; %d;W tupfspy; filrp

vOj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ,iaG te;Js;sJ.

o rhWk; - RitAk; - ePUk;

• Kuz;:Kuz;:Kuz;:Kuz;: vjpu;r;nrhw;fisg; ngw;W tUtJ Kuz;. ghlypy; Kuz; ,lk; ngwtpy;iy.

• mzp: mzp: mzp: mzp:

o kw;w nghUl;fspy; ,Ue;J jkpio NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;bAs;sjhy; ,g;ghlypy; Ntw;Wikazp gapd;W te;Js;sJ.

o Vwpa vd;Dk; nrhy; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; te;J xNu nghUisj; jUtjhy; ,g;ghlypy; nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUk; epiyazpAk; gapd;W te;Js;sJ.

• Rit: Rit: Rit: Rit: RitahdJ vl;L tiffisf; nfhz;lJ. jkpio cau;T gLj;jpf; $Wtjhy; ,g;ghly; ngUkpjk;

vd;Wk; Ritiar; rhu;e;Js;sJ.

• gh thif: gh thif: gh thif: gh thif: mbNjhWk; VO rPu;fisg; ngw;Wte;Js;sjhy; ,g;ghly; vOrPu; fopnebyb Mrpupag;gh tifiar;

rhu;e;jJ. NkYk; ,g;ghliy mftNyhirapy; ghlyhk;.

• nrhy; eak;;: nrhy; eak;;: nrhy; eak;;: nrhy; eak;;: gdpkyu;> edpgR Nghd;w nrhw;fis Rj;jkhd> rpwe;j vd;w nghUSf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jpapUg;gjhy;

nrhy;eak; kpf;fjhfj; jpfo;fpwJ.

• jiyg;G:jiyg;G:jiyg;G:jiyg;G: vd;Dapu; jkpo;

• KbTiu:KbTiu:KbTiu:KbTiu:

‘eakhd nrhw;fspy; ftp tbj;jy;> fiyahff; fw;fspy; rpiy tbj;jy;’ vd;gjw;Nfw;g ftpQu; jd; ftpNrhiyapy; nrJf;fpa ftpijr; rpiyahdJ> fw;Nghupd; ,ja

mupaizapy; vd;Wk; thOk; capUs;s ,yf;fpakhfj; jpfo;fpwJ. ghly; ghly; ghly; ghly; ---- 2222

NjdpDk; jpj;jpf;Fk; nrhy;ypdhs; - vd;idj; Njw;wp kfnddg; Gy;ypdhs;! thdpy; cau;e;J gwe;jtd; - Nghy; te;j tUj;jk; kwe;jdd;! nja;tj; jkpo;nkhopg; ngz;zts; - ,e;jj; Njrg; ngUikf;Ff; fz;zts;! itak; KOikAk; tho;j;Jths; - gpwu; tho;j;jplj; jd;Rfk; jho;j;Jths;! gw;gy Mapuk; Mz;Lfs; - ,e;jg; ghupy; ,Ue;jwk; G+z;lts;! mw;Gjk; ,d;dKk; fd;dpNa - GJ moF jUe;jkpo; md;idNa! - ehkf;fy; ftpQu;.

• Kd;Diu: Kd;Diu: Kd;Diu: Kd;Diu: tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;l czu;itAk;> jha;ehl;Lg; gw;iwAk;> jha;nkhopg; gw;iwAk; xUNru mikj;J

ghly;fs; ,aw;Wtjpy; ty;ytu; fhe;jpaf;ftpQu; nt.,uhkypq;fdhu;. mtupd; ftpijnahd;wpy; mike;Js;s eaq;fisf; fhz;Nghk; ,q;F.

• Mrpupau; Fwpg;G:Mrpupau; Fwpg;G:Mrpupau; Fwpg;G:Mrpupau; Fwpg;G: NjrpaKk; fhe;jpaKk; jd; ,U fz;fshf ghtpj;j ehkf;fy; ftpQu; nt.,uhkypq;fk; gps;is

mtu;fs;> ehkf;fy; khtl;lk; NkhfDhupy; gpwe;jtu;. tpLjiyg;Nghuhl;lj;jpy; fye;Jnfhz;L vz;zpylq;fhj gy Njrgf;jpg; ghly;fis ,aw;wpAs;shu;. jkpof murpd; murf;ftpQuhf rpwg;gpf;fg;gl;ltu;.

• ikaf;fUj;J:ikaf;fUj;J:ikaf;fUj;J:ikaf;fUj;J: jkpod;id> jk;nkhopapd; ty;yikahy; Njrj;jpd; ngUikiaf; fhj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;fpwhs; vd

jkpopd;idapd; rpwg;Gfis vLj;Jf;$WfpwJ.

• jpuz;l fUj;J:jpuz;l fUj;J:jpuz;l fUj;J:jpuz;l fUj;J: Njd; Nghd;W jpj;jpf;Fk; jkpohy; vd;id kfndd;wJk; vd; tUj;jnky;yhk; kwe;J thdpy;

gwe;jtd; NghyhNdd;. Njrj;jpd; ngUikiaf; fz;Nghd;W fhg;gts; jkpo;g;ngz;. mts; jd;dyk; kwe;J cyfk; tho tho;j;Jths;. gy Mapuk; Mz;Lfs; ,t;Tyfpy; ,Ue;J mwKk; mw;GjKk; epfo;j;Jk; fd;dpj; jkpoplk; GJ moFj; jkpioj; jUtpf;f Ntz;Lfpwhu; ftpQu;.


m.vopyurd; 41


o NjdpDk; - Njw;wp o mw;Gjk; - moF o Mapuk; - Mz;Lfs;


o NjdpDk; - thdpy; o ,d;dKk; - fd;dpNa o tho;j;Jths; - jho;j;Jths;

• ,iaG:,iaG:,iaG:,iaG: filrp vOj;Njh my;yJ nrhy;Nyh xd;wptug; gpwg;G ,iaG. rpy tupfspy; kl;Lk;> filrp vOj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ,iaG gapd;W te;Js;sJ.

o nrhy;ypdhs; - Gy;ypdhs; o ngz;zts; - fz;zts; - G+z;lts; o tho;j;Jths; - jho;j;Jths;

• Kuz;;:Kuz;;:Kuz;;:Kuz;;: vjpu;r;nrhw;fisg; ngw;W tUtJ Kuz;. ,g;ghlypy; Kuz; mike;Js;sJ.

o tho;j;Jths; x jho;j;Jths;

• mzp:mzp:mzp:mzp:

o jkpopd; ngUikia cau;j;jpf; $Wtjhy;;> ,g;ghlypy; cau;T etpw;rp mzpapy; ,ay;ghf mike;Js;sJ.

o Nghy vd;w ctk cUig gad;gLj;jpAs;sjhy; ctik mzpAk; ,g;ghlypy; tputp te;Js;sJ vdyhk;.

• ghghghgh tiftiftiftif::::

o mbNjhWk; VO rPu;fisg; ngw;Ws;sjhy; vOrPu; fopnebyb Mrpupag;gh tifiar; rhu;e;jJ. mftNyhirapy; ,g;ghliy ghlyhk;.

o NkYk; xt;nthU mbapYk; jdpr;nrhy; te;Js;sjhy; ehl;Lg;Gwr; rpe;Jg;ghtpy; mikj;J nrg;gNyhirapYk; ghlyhk;.

• Rit:Rit:Rit:Rit: jkpod;idapd; ngUikia cau;j;jpf; $wpAs;sjhy; ngUkpjk; vd;Dk; Rit epuk;gpAs;sJ vdyhk;.

• nrhy; eak;;:nrhy; eak;;:nrhy; eak;;:nrhy; eak;;: nrhy;ypdhs; - ngz;zts; - fz;zts; - fd;dpNa - md;idNa vd;w nrhw;fis vy;yhk;

jkpiof; Fwpf;fg; gad;gLj;jp ,Ug;gJ njtpl;lhj Njdpd;gk; jUfpwJ.

• jiyg;G:jiyg;G:jiyg;G:jiyg;G: fd;dpj;jkpopd; ngUik

• KbTiu:KbTiu:KbTiu:KbTiu: ftpQu; jd; ftpNrhiyapy; nrJf;fpa ftpijr; rpiyahdJ> fw;Nghupd; ,ja mupaizapy; vd;Wk;

thOk; capUs;s ,yf;fpakhfj; jpfo;fpwJ. ghly; ghly; ghly; ghly; ---- 3333

nre;jkpo; ehnlDk; NghjpdpNy - ,d;g Njd;te;J ghAJ fhjpdpNy - vq;fs;

je;ijau; ehnld;w Ngr;rpdpNy - xU rf;jp gpwf;FJ %r;rpdpNy! fhtpup njd;gz;iz ghyhW - jkpo; fz;lNjhu; itia nghUieejp - vd Nktpa MWgy Xlj; - jpU Nkdp nropj;j jkpo;ehL! ts;Std; jd;id cyfpDf;Nf - je;J thd;Gfo; nfhz;l jkpo;ehL - neQ;ir ms;Sk; rpyg;gjp fhunkd;Nwhu; - kzp Muk; gilj;j jkpo;ehL! - ghujpahu;.

• Kd;Diu: Kd;Diu: Kd;Diu: Kd;Diu: tpLjiyg;Nghul;l czu;itAk;> jha;ehl;Lg;gw;iwAk;> nkhopg;gw;iwAk; xUNru mikj;J ghly;fs;

,aw;Wtjpy; ty;ytu; ghujpahu;. mtupd; ftpijnahd;wpy; mike;Js;s eaq;fisf; fhz;Nghk; ,q;F.

• Mrpupau; Fwpg;G:Mrpupau; Fwpg;G:Mrpupau; Fwpg;G:Mrpupau; Fwpg;G: ,Ugjhk; Ehw;whz;bd; ,izaw;wf; ftpQuha; tpsq;fpa kfhftp ghujp mtu;fs;> vl;ilaGuj;jpy;

gpwe;jtu;. Njr tpLjiyf;fhf vz;zpylq;fhj ghly;fisAk;> ,jo;fisAk; elj;jp kf;fsplj;jpy; Gul;rpia Vw;gLj;jpatu;. fz;zd; ghl;L> Fapy; ghl;L> ghQ;rhyp rgjk; Nghd;w Ehy;fis ,aw;wpAs;shu;.


m.vopyurd; 42

• ikaf;fUj;J:ikaf;fUj;J:ikaf;fUj;J:ikaf;fUj;J: jkpopd; rpwg;GfisAk;> jkpo;ehl;bd; rpwg;GfisAk;> jkpo;ehl;bw;F ngUik Njbj;je;j

rhd;Nwhu;fisg; gw;wpAk; gl;baypl;L tpsf;FtJ Nghd;W ,g;ghly; mike;Js;sJ.

• jpuz;l fUj;J:jpuz;l fUj;J:jpuz;l fUj;J:jpuz;l fUj;J:

o nre;jkpo;ehL vd;W nrhy;Yk; NghJ> ,d;gj; Njd; te;J nrtpapy; gha;fpwJ. vq;fs; Ke;ijNahu; tho;e;j ehnld;Dk; Ngr;rpy;> nehbg; nghOjpy; Nguhw;wy; gpwf;fpwJ.

o fhtpup> njd;ngz;iz> ghyhW> itif> nghUie Mfpa ejpfs; gyTk; XLtjhy; jkpo;ehL tsk; ngw;Wj; jpfo;fpwJ.

o jkpo;ehL ts;Stid cyfpw;Nf je;jJ> mjdhy; thdsT tpupe;j Gfo; ngw;wJ. neQ;ir <u;f;fpd;w rpyg;gjpfhuk; vd;Dk; xg;gw;w khzpf;fj;ij khiyahfg; ngw;wJ jkpo;ehL.


o fhjpdpNy - fhtpup o Nktpa - Nkdp o jd;id - jkpo;ehL o vq;fs; - vd


o nre;jkpo; - je;ijau; o ts;Std; - ms;Sk; o Ngr;rpdpNy - %r;rpdpNy

• ,iaG:,iaG:,iaG:,iaG: filrp vOj;Njh my;yJ nrhy;Nyh xd;wptug; gpwg;gJ ,iaG

o rpy tupfspy; kl;Lk;> filrp vOj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ,iaG gapd;W te;Js;sJ. o NghjpdpNy - fhjpdpNy o Ngr;rpdpNy - %r;rpdpNy

• Kuz;;:Kuz;;:Kuz;;:Kuz;;: vjpu;r;nrhw;fisg; ngw;W tUtJ Kuz;. ,g;ghlypy; Kuz; mikatpy;iy.

• mzp:mzp:mzp:mzp:

o jkpopd; rpwg;GfisAk; jkpo;ehl;bd; rpwg;GfisAk; cau;j;jpf; $Wtjhy;;> ,g;ghlypy; cau;T etpw;rp mzpapy; ,ay;ghf mike;Js;sJ.

o ‘thd;Gfo;’ vd;w nrhy;ypy; ‘Nghy’ vd;w ctk cUG kiwe;J te;Js;sjhy;> vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctik mzpAk; ,g;ghlypy; tputp te;Js;sJ vdyhk;.

o jkpo;ehL vd;w nrhy; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; te;J xNu nghUisj; jUtjhy;> ,g;ghlypy; nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUk; epiyazpAk; te;Js;sJ vdyhk;.

o ,g;ghlypy; ,d;gj;ij NjdhfTk;> rpyg;gjpfhuj;ij khzpf;f khiyahfTk; cUtfg;gLj;jpAs;sjhy;;> cUtf mzpAk; tputp cs;sJ vdyhk;.

• ghghghgh tiftiftiftif:::: xt;nthU mbapYk; jdpr;nrhy; te;Js;sjhy; ehl;Lg;Gwr; rpe;Jg;ghtpy; mikj;J nrg;gNyhirapy; ghlyhk;.

• Rit:Rit:Rit:Rit: jkpopd; rpwg;GfisAk; jkpo;ehl;bd; rpwg;GfisAk; cau;j;jpf; $wpAs;sjhy; ngUkpjk; vd;Dk; Rit epuk;gpAs;sJ vdyhk;.

• nrhy; eak;;:nrhy; eak;;:nrhy; eak;;:nrhy; eak;;: jkpo;ehl;ilf; Fwpf;Fk; nghOJ nrk;ik vd;w milnkhopiaAk;> ,d;gj;ijj; NjdhfTk;> rpyg;gjpfhuj;ij khzpf;f khiyahfTk; Fwpg;gpLk; ftpQupd; nrhy;yhl;rpj;jpwd; ghuhl;Lf;FwpaJ.

• jiyg;G:jiyg;G:jiyg;G:jiyg;G: nre;jkpo; ehL

• KbTiu:KbTiu:KbTiu:KbTiu:

‘eakhd nrhw;fspy; ftp tbj;jy;> fiyahff; fw;fspy; rpiy tbj;jy;’ vd;gjw;Nfw;g ftpQu; jd; ftpNrhiyapy; nrJf;fpa ftpijr; rpiyahdJ> fw;Nghupd; ,ja

mupaizapy; vd;Wk; thOk; capUs;s ,yf;fpakhfj; jpfo;fpwJ.

VI. Mq;fpyj;jpy; cs;s gonkhopfSf;F jkpohf;fk; nfhLf;fTk;. 6y; 3 kl;Lk; vOjpdhy; NghJk;. 6 kjpg;ngz;fs;.Mq;fpyj;jpy; cs;s gonkhopfSf;F jkpohf;fk; nfhLf;fTk;. 6y; 3 kl;Lk; vOjpdhy; NghJk;. 6 kjpg;ngz;fs;.Mq;fpyj;jpy; cs;s gonkhopfSf;F jkpohf;fk; nfhLf;fTk;. 6y; 3 kl;Lk; vOjpdhy; NghJk;. 6 kjpg;ngz;fs;.Mq;fpyj;jpy; cs;s gonkhopfSf;F jkpohf;fk; nfhLf;fTk;. 6y; 3 kl;Lk; vOjpdhy; NghJk;. 6 kjpg;ngz;fs;. 1. To the good people world appears good.

ey;ytu;fSf;F cyfk; ey;yjhfNt njupAk;

2. Money makes many things gzk; gj;Jk; nra;Ak;

3. Time and tide wait for none Iau; tUk;tiu mkhthir fhj;jpUf;fhJ (m) fhyKk; miyAk; ahUf;Fk; fhj;jpUf;fhJ


m.vopyurd; 43

4. Too much of anything is good for nothing msTf;F kpQ;rpdhy; mKjKk; eQ;R

5. Where there is a will there is a way. kdk; ,Ue;jhy; khu;f;fk; cz;L

6. Education should develop and promote good values. fy;tp> ey;y MSikg; gz;Gfis tsu;f;fTk; Nkk;gLj;jTk; Ntz;Lk;

7. Art is long and life is short fy;tp fiuapy fw;gtu; ehs; rpy

8. A penny saved is a penny gained rpW Jsp ngU nts;sk;

9. Barking dogs seldom bite Fiuf;fpd;w eha; fbf;fhJ

10. Birds of the same feather flock together ,dk; ,dj;NjhL NrUk;

11. Face is the index of the mind mfj;jpd; moF Kfj;jpy; njupAk;

12. Man proposes, God disposes ehk; xd;W epidf;f nja;tk; xd;W epidf;Fk;

13. Make hay while the sun shine (OR) Strike while the iron is hot fhw;Ws;sNghNj Jhw;wpf;nfhs;

14. One flower makes no garland jdpkuk; Njhg;ghfhJ

15. Well begun is half done ey;y njhlf;fk; ghjp ntw;wp

16. Many thanks for your kind message of greetings cd;Dila tho;j;Jr; nra;jpf;F kpf;f ed;wp

17. Indian people always dislike violence ,e;jpa kf;fs; vg;nghOJk; td;Kiwia tpUk;Gtjpy;iy

18. Rain harvest is a must to improve ground water level. epyj;jb ePu;kl;lk; cau> kioePu; Nrkpg;G mtrpak;

19. An ideal teacher is a friend, philosopher and guide of the students ey;y Mrpupau;> khztu;fSf;F ez;gdhfTk;> ey;ywpT Gfl;LgtuhfTk;> topfhl;bahfTk; tpsq;Fthu;.

20. A friend in need is a friend indeed Mgj;Jf;fhyj;jpy; cjTk; ez;gNd cz;ikahd ez;gd;

21. All that glitters is not gold kpd;Dtnjy;yhk; nghd;dy;y

22. A little knowledge is dangerous miu Fiw mwpT Mgj;jhdJ

23. As is the king, so are his subjects kd;dd; vt;topNah kf;fs; mt;top

24. A sound mindn is a sound body Nehaw;w tho;Nt Fiwtw;w nry;tk;

25. Blood is thicker than water jhd; Mlhtpl;lhYk; jd; jir MLk;.

26. East or west, home is the best vyp tisahdhYk; jdp tis Ntz;Lk;

27. Calm before the storm GaYf;F Kd; mikjp

28. Experience will make a preson efficient mDgtNk xUtidj; jpwikAs;stdhf;Fk;

29. Health is wealth Nehaw;w tho;Nt Fiwtw;w nry;tk;

30. Haste makes waste gjwpa fhupak; rpjWk;

31. Knowledge is power mwpNt Mw;wy;

32. Look before you leap Mok; njupahky; fhiy tplhNj

33. Many a slip between the cup and lip iff;F vl;baJ tha;f;F vl;ltpy;iy


m.vopyurd; 44

34. Practice makes a man perfect tplhKaw;rpNa ntw;wpf;F mbg;gil

35. Pervention is better than cure nts;sk; tUk; Kd; miz NghL

36. Self help is the best help jd; ifNa jdf;Fjtp

37. Tit for tat gopf;Fg; gop

38. To err is Human; to forgive is divine jtW nra;tJ kdpj ,ay;G: kd;dpg;gJ nja;t ,ay;G

39. Truth alone triumphs tha;ikNa nty;Yk;

VIII. tpdh vz; 22: 3 gonkhopfs; nfhLg;gLk;. gonkhopia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L tho;tpay; rpe;jidf; tpdh vz; 22: 3 gonkhopfs; nfhLg;gLk;. gonkhopia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L tho;tpay; rpe;jidf; tpdh vz; 22: 3 gonkhopfs; nfhLg;gLk;. gonkhopia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L tho;tpay; rpe;jidf; tpdh vz; 22: 3 gonkhopfs; nfhLg;gLk;. gonkhopia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L tho;tpay; rpe;jidf; fijfis vOj Ntz;Lk;fijfis vOj Ntz;Lk;fijfis vOj Ntz;Lk;fijfis vOj Ntz;Lk;

1.xd;Wgl;lhy; cz;L tho;T (m) 1.xd;Wgl;lhy; cz;L tho;T (m) 1.xd;Wgl;lhy; cz;L tho;T (m) 1.xd;Wgl;lhy; cz;L tho;T (m) $b tho;e;jhy;$b tho;e;jhy;$b tho;e;jhy;$b tho;e;jhy; Nfhb ed;ikNfhb ed;ikNfhb ed;ikNfhb ed;ik

• tho;tpay; epfo;T:tho;tpay; epfo;T:tho;tpay; epfo;T:tho;tpay; epfo;T: vq;fs; njUtpy; ghjhs rhf;fil cile;J> njUnty;yhk; ePu; Njq;fp Ju;ehw;wk; tPrpaJ. mtw;iw rupnra;a> efuhl;rp mYtyfj;jpy; kD nfhLj;jhu;> vd; je;ij. Mdhy; Ie;J ehl;fs; fle;j gpd;Gk; ve;j gyDk; ,y;iy. gpd;> njUtpy; cs;s midtUk; xUq;fpize;J mYtyfj;ij Kw;Wifapl;Nlhk;. vq;fspd; xw;WikiaAk;> epahakhd Nfhupf;ifiaf; fz;l Nkyjpfhup> ghjhsr; rhf;filf;F cldbj; jPu;Tf;fz;lhu;.

• czu;j;Jk; cz;ik:czu;j;Jk; cz;ik:czu;j;Jk; cz;ik:czu;j;Jk; cz;ik: xd;Wgl;L $b tho;e;jhy;> Nfhb ed;ik ekf;Fz;L. 2. jd; ifNa jdf;Fjtp2. jd; ifNa jdf;Fjtp2. jd; ifNa jdf;Fjtp2. jd; ifNa jdf;Fjtp

• tho;tpay; epfo;T:tho;tpay; epfo;T:tho;tpay; epfo;T:tho;tpay; epfo;T: vd; mf;fh 12-k; tFg;gpy;> ey;y kjpg;ngz; ngw;W Nju;r;rp ngw;whs;. mtSf;F IIT-y; Nru Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ Mir. vq;nfq;Nfh tprhupj;jhs;> ahUf;Fk; mijg;gw;wp KOikahfj; njupatpy;iy.

vq;fs; njUtpy; FbapUf;Fk; IIT-y; gapYk; khztuplKk; tprhupj;jhs;. nghwhikapd; fhuzkhf mtUk; nrhy;ytpy;iy. gpd; fzpdpapd; Jiziaf; nfhz;L> ,izajsj;jpy; Njb> tpz;zg;gpj;jhs;.

EioTj;Nju;tpYk; ntw;wp ngw;whs;. jw;nghOJ IIT-y; gapd;W tUfpwhs;.

• czu;j;Jk; cz;ik:czu;j;Jk; cz;ik:czu;j;Jk; cz;ik:czu;j;Jk; cz;ik: vy;yh nray;fSf;Fk; mLj;jtiu vjpu;ghu;f;fhky; ehNk Kaw;rp nra;jhy; ntw;wp epr;rak;.

3.rpWJsp 3.rpWJsp 3.rpWJsp 3.rpWJsp ngU nts;sk;ngU nts;sk;ngU nts;sk;ngU nts;sk;

• tho;tpay; epfo;T:tho;tpay; epfo;T:tho;tpay; epfo;T:tho;tpay; epfo;T: gs;spf;F nrd;Wtu> jpdKk; 20 &gha; nfhLg;ghu; vd; je;ij. Nghf;Ftuj;Jr; nryT Nghf> 5 &gha; kPWk;. ehd; mtw;iwr; nryT nra;ahky; Nrfupj;J te;Njd;. Xu; ehs;> vjpu;ghuhj tpjkhf vd; je;ijf;F cly; epiy rupapy;yhky; Ngha;tpl;lJ. kUj;Jtkidf;F mioj;Jr;nry;y gzkpy;yhky; vd; mk;kh jtpj;jhs;. me;epiyapy; vd; Nrkpg;gpy; ,Ue;J 1000 &gha; vLj;JnfhLj;Njd;. gpd;> eyk; ngw;w je;ij vd;id ntFthf ghuhl;bdhu;.

• czu;j;Jk; cz;ik:czu;j;Jk; cz;ik:czu;j;Jk; cz;ik:czu;j;Jk; cz;ik: rpwpa Nrkpg;G> Mgj;jf;fhyj;jpy; ngupa cjtpahf mikAk;. 4.tha;ikNa nty;Yk;4.tha;ikNa nty;Yk;4.tha;ikNa nty;Yk;4.tha;ikNa nty;Yk;

• tho;tpay; epfo;T:tho;tpay; epfo;T:tho;tpay; epfo;T:tho;tpay; epfo;T: vd; tFg;Gj; jiytd; nry;yd;. ahUkpy;yh Neuj;jpy;> gpwu; igapy; cs;s nghUl;fis vLj;Jf;nfhz;L> kw;wtu; kPJ gopiag; Nghl;Ltpl;L> ngha; $wp jg;gpg;gjpy; ty;yd;. MrpupaUk; mtd; nrhy;tJ cz;iknadf; fUjp jz;lidAk; jUthu;. Xu; ehs;> kyu;tppopapd; gs;spf;fl;lzk; 2000 &gha; fhzhky; NghdJ. ngupanjhif vd;gjhYk;> njhlu;e;J jpUl;L elg;gjhYk; Mrpupau; tprhuizapy; ,wq;fpdhu;. gzk; fhzhky; Nghd Neuj;jpy; nry;yd; kl;LNk ,Ue;jhd; vd;gJ njupatu> Mrppupaupd; KO ghu;itAk; mtd;kPJ jpUk;gpaJ. Mrpupaupd; fpLf;Fgpb tprhuizapy; nry;yd; rpf;fpdhd;. filrpapy; jg;gpf;f NtW topapy;yhky; nry;yd; jtiw xg;Gf;nfhz;lhd;. mtDf;F khw;Wr;rhd;wpjo; mspf;fg;gl;lJ. MrpupaUk; jd; jtWf;F kd;dpg;G Nfhupdhu;.

• czu;j;Jk; cz;ik:czu;j;Jk; cz;ik:czu;j;Jk; cz;ik:czu;j;Jk; cz;ik: fhyq;fs; fle;jhYk; cz;ik vd;Wk; Njhw;gJ ,y;iy. 5.Rlu; tpsf;fh5.Rlu; tpsf;fh5.Rlu; tpsf;fh5.Rlu; tpsf;fhapDk; Jhz;LNfhy; Ntz;Lk;apDk; Jhz;LNfhy; Ntz;Lk;apDk; Jhz;LNfhy; Ntz;Lk;apDk; Jhz;LNfhy; Ntz;Lk;

• tho;tpay; epfo;T:tho;tpay; epfo;T:tho;tpay; epfo;T:tho;tpay; epfo;T: fle;j Mz;L> vq;fs; gs;spapy; ghG vd;w khztd; 12-k; tFg;G gbj;jhd;. mtd; jpwikahdtd;> ed;F gbg;gtd;. Mdhy;> jdf;F vy;yhk; njupAk; vd;w kkijapy;> Mrpupau; nrhy;tijf; Nfl;f khl;lhd;. Mrpupau;fs;; nrhy;Yk; Fwpg;Gfisf; fz;Lnfhs;shky; miuahz;Lj; Nju;itAk; vjpu;nfhz;lhd;. midj;Jg;ghlq;fspy; Fiwthd kjpg;ngz;fisg; ngw;Nw Nju;r;rp ngw;whd;. gpd;> jd; jtiw czu;e;J Mrpupau; jUk; Fwpg;Gfisf; Fwpj;Jf;nfhz;L> KO %r;;NrhL gbj;Jjhd;> Kjy; kjpg;ngz;Zk; ngw;whd;.

• czu;j;Jk; cz;ik:czu;j;Jk; cz;ik:czu;j;Jk; cz;ik:czu;j;Jk; cz;ik: Rlu; tpLk; tpsf;fhf ,Ue;jhYk;> Jhz;LNfhy; ,y;iy vd;why; gpufhrkhf xsptpLtJ fbdNk.


m.vopyurd; 45

VIII. tpdh vz; tpdh vz; tpdh vz; tpdh vz; 23232323----32323232: : : : gpd;tUk; 10 tpdhf;fSf;F milg;Gf; FwpfSf;Fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s vOjTk;.gpd;tUk; 10 tpdhf;fSf;F milg;Gf; FwpfSf;Fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s vOjTk;.gpd;tUk; 10 tpdhf;fSf;F milg;Gf; FwpfSf;Fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s vOjTk;.gpd;tUk; 10 tpdhf;fSf;F milg;Gf; FwpfSf;Fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s vOjTk;. ghlj;jpd; gpd;gFjpapy; cs;s nkhopg;gapw;rp gFjpia ed;F gbj;jhy; 10f;F 10 thq;fyhk;ghlj;jpd; gpd;gFjpapy; cs;s nkhopg;gapw;rp gFjpia ed;F gbj;jhy; 10f;F 10 thq;fyhk;ghlj;jpd; gpd;gFjpapy; cs;s nkhopg;gapw;rp gFjpia ed;F gbj;jhy; 10f;F 10 thq;fyhk;ghlj;jpd; gpd;gFjpapy; cs;s nkhopg;gapw;rp gFjpia ed;F gbj;jhy; 10f;F 10 thq;fyhk;

ghlk; ghlk; ghlk; ghlk; ---- 1111 I. fPo;f;fhZk; njhlu;fspYs;s gpw nkhopr; nrhw;fis ePf;fp vOJf.fPo;f;fhZk; njhlu;fspYs;s gpw nkhopr; nrhw;fis ePf;fp vOJf.fPo;f;fhZk; njhlu;fspYs;s gpw nkhopr; nrhw;fis ePf;fp vOJf.fPo;f;fhZk; njhlu;fspYs;s gpw nkhopr; nrhw;fis ePf;fp vOJf.

1. =khd; t.c.rpjk;guk; gps;isapd; ehkfuzj;ij ,e;jf; fg;gYf;Fr; #l;Ltjpy; ]e;Njh\kilfpNwd; vd;whu;> %jwpQu; ,uh[h[p. jpUthsu; t.c.rpjk;guk; gps;isapd; ngaiu ,e;jf; fg;gYf;F #l;Ltjpy; kfpo;r;rpailfpNwd; vd;whu;> %jwpQu; ,uh[h[p.

2. b.tp.apy; rPupay; ghu;f;fhtpl;lhy; iy/Ng Nghu; mbj;JtpLk; vd;fpwhs;> ghl;b. njhiyf;fhl;rpapy; njhlu;fisg; ghu;f;fhtpl;lhy; tho;f;ifNa ntWj;JtpLk; vd;fpwhs;> ghl;b.

3. ,e;j nrQ;Rup nld;\d; epiwe;jJ. ,e;j Ehw;whz;L> kd mOj;jk; epiwe;jJ.

4. ];ypk;khf ,Ug;gNj gpA+l;b vd;w vz;zk; gutp tUfpwJ. nkyptha; ,Ug;gNj moF vd;w vz;zk; gutp tUfpwJ.

5. ek];fhuk; vd;W rh\;lhq;fkhf tpOe;jtid MrPu;tjpj;Njd;. tzf;fk; vd;W neLQ;rhz;fpilaha; tpOe;jtid tho;j;jpNdd;.

6. gpuahzp gpuahzj;ij uj;J nra;jTld; &gha; gl;Lthlh nra;ag;gl;lJ. gazp gazj;ij tpyf;fpaTld; &gha; jpUk;gf; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.

7. nry;tDf;Fk; fps;isf;Fk; jyh Ie;J G];jfk; nfhL. nry;td;> fps;is Mfpa xt;nthUtUf;Fk; Ie;J Gj;jfq;fs; nfhL.

8. FwpQ;rp jhf;fy; nra;j tof;F RKfkhfg; igry; nra;ag;gl;lJ. FwpQ;rp njhLj;j tof;F ey;yKiwapy; Kbf;fg;ngw;wJ.

9. tPf; Md vd; Mz;l;b nu];l; vLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W `hu;l; ];ng\yp];l; ml;it]; $wpdhu;. typtw;w vd; mj;ij Xa;T vLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,ja kUj;Jt ty;Yeu; mwpTiu $wpdhu;.

10. lahngl;bf; Ng\z;l; ];tPl; rhg;gpLtij ];lhg; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ePupopT Nehahsp ,dpg;G rhg;gpLtij epWj;j Ntz;Lk;.

II. kuGr; nrhw;fis mwpjy;kuGr; nrhw;fis mwpjy;kuGr; nrhw;fis mwpjy;kuGr; nrhw;fis mwpjy; ,sikg;ngau;fs;,sikg;ngau;fs;,sikg;ngau;fs;,sikg;ngau;fs; jhtu cWg;Gf;fs;jhtu cWg;Gf;fs;jhtu cWg;Gf;fs;jhtu cWg;Gf;fs;

gyhg;gpQ;rp gyh%R Nfo;tuFj;jl;il new;jhs; thiog;gpQ;rp thiof;fr;ry; Nrhsj;jl;il KUq;iff; fPiu KUq;ifg;gpQ;rp KUq;ifr;ruL fk;ge;jl;il jpidj;jhs; mtiug;gpQ;rp mtiug; nghl;L jhio kly; ntq;fhaj;jhs; khk;gpQ;rp khtL njd;id Xiy khtpiy ,se;Njq;fha; tOf;if thioapiy fKff; $e;jy; Kw;wpa Njq;fha; new;W Ntg;ge;jio gidNahiy nrb>nfhb> kuq;fspd; njhFg;gplk; nrb>nfhb> kuq;fspd; njhFg;gplk; nrb>nfhb> kuq;fspd; njhFg;gplk; nrb>nfhb> kuq;fspd; njhFg;gplk; nghUs;fspd; njhFg;GnghUs;fspd; njhFg;GnghUs;fspd; njhFg;GnghUs;fspd; njhFg;G G+Q;Nrhiy khe;Njhg;G Ml;Lke;ij ahidf;$l;lk; G+e;Njhl;lk; njd;de;Njhg;G khl;L ke;ij kf;fs; $l;lk; thioj;Njhl;lk; Ke;jpupj;Njhg;G gR epiu tpwFf;fl;L Njapiyj;Njhl;lk; gyhj;Njhg;G fw;Ftpay; tPuu;gil ntw;wpj;Njhl;lk; gde;Njhg;G Rs;spf;fw;iw itf;Nfhw;Nghu; fk;gq;nfhy;iy rTf;Fj;Njhg;G rhtpf;nfhj;J jpuhl;irf;Fiy fUg;gq;nfhy;iy ,Yg;igkuj;Njhg;G Nrhisf;nfhy;iy Ntyq;fhL - Myq;fhL

tpyq;fpd; ,Ug;gplk;tpyq;fpd; ,Ug;gplk;tpyq;fpd; ,Ug;gplk;tpyq;fpd; ,Ug;gplk; tpyq;fpd; kyk;tpyq;fpd; kyk;tpyq;fpd; kyk;tpyq;fpd; kyk;

Ml;Lg;gl;b khl;Lj;njhOtk; khl;Lr;rhzk; Ml;Lg;gpOf;if Fjpiuf;nfhl;by; ahidf;$lk; Fjpiu ,yj;jp ahid ,yz;lk;

ghlk; ghlk; ghlk; ghlk; ---- 2222 I.thf;fpaj;jpy; cz;lhFk; gpiofSk; ePf;fKk;thf;fpaj;jpy; cz;lhFk; gpiofSk; ePf;fKk;thf;fpaj;jpy; cz;lhFk; gpiofSk; ePf;fKk;thf;fpaj;jpy; cz;lhFk; gpiofSk; ePf;fKk;

gpgpgpgpioioioio jpUj;jk;jpUj;jk;jpUj;jk;jpUj;jk; 1. tz;bfs; XlhJ tz;bfs; Xlh 2. nra;jpfs; thuhJ nra;jpfs; thuh 3. mit ,q;Nf csJ mit ,q;Nf cs 4. mJ vy;yhk; mit vy;yhk; 5. kf;fs; fpilahJ kf;fs; ,y;iy 6. tUtJk; NghtJk; fpilahJ tUtJk; NghtJk; ,y;iy 7. xt;nthd;Wk; ehs; NjhWk; cilfpd;wd xt;nthd;Wk; ehs;NjhWk; cilfpwJ 8. xd;Nwh my;yJ ,uz;Nlh jUf xd;Nwh ,uz;Nlh jUf


m.vopyurd; 46

9. nghUs; vy;yhk; mope;jd nghUs;fs; vy;yhk; mope;jd 10. nrd;id vd;w efuk; nrd;id vd;Dk; efuk; 11. vdJ kfs; vd; kfs; 12. Vw;wj;jf;fJ my;y Vw;fj;jf;fJ md;W 13. mtsJ je;ij mts; je;ij 14. ngupaJk; rpwpaJkhd rhkhd;fisr; nra;fpwhu;fs; ngupadTk; rpwpadTkhd rhkhd;fisr; nra;fpwhu;fs; 15. fl;rpr; rz;ilfs; gpsit cz;lhf;FfpwJ fl;rpr; rz;ilfs; gpsit cz;lhf;Ffpd;wd.

II. fPo;f;fhZk; njhlu;fspy; cs;s nfhr;irr; nrhw;fisj; jpUj;jp vOJf.fPo;f;fhZk; njhlu;fspy; cs;s nfhr;irr; nrhw;fisj; jpUj;jp vOJf.fPo;f;fhZk; njhlu;fspy; cs;s nfhr;irr; nrhw;fisj; jpUj;jp vOJf.fPo;f;fhZk; njhlu;fspy; cs;s nfhr;irr; nrhw;fisj; jpUj;jp vOJf. 1. mg;grp khrk; mlks ,k;ghq;f

Ig;grp khjk; milkio vd;ghu;fs;. 2. Nfhsp Kl;il jhthuj;jpy; cUz;lJ

Nfhop Kl;il jho;thuj;jpy; cUz;lJ 3. ntbaq;fhl;bAk; ntj;jpiy NghlwJ xU gsf;fkh?

tpbtjw;Fs; ntw;wpiy NghLtJ xU gof;fkh? 4. xUj;jd; xz;baha;g; Nghdhy; mJ Cu;Nfhykh?

xUj;jd; xd;wpaha;g; Nghdhy; m/J Cu;tykhFkh? 5. nfhLj;j Nrjpiaf; Nfhu;itaha;g; NgR

nfhLj;j nra;jpiaf; Nfhitahfg; NgR 6. ,J nghJtop my;y

,J nghJtop md;W 7. KUfd; new;wpapy; jpUePu; mzpe;jhd;

KUfd; new;wpapy; jpUePW mzpe;jhd; 8. filapy; rPaf;fha;g; nghl;lyk; thq;fp th

filapy; rpiff;fha;g; nghl;lyk; thq;fp th 9. me;j Cl;Lf;Ff; nfhlf;$yp vt;tsT?

me;j tPl;bf;Ff; Fbf;$yp vt;tsT? 10. mz;zhf;fapW mWe;jJ

miuQhz;fapW mWe;jJ 11. mtdplk; gj;JuT ,y;iy

mtdplk; gw;WtuT ,y;iy 12. cyfehjd; Cu;Rj;jhy; Jd;gg;gLfpwhd;

cyfehjd; cfpu;r;Rw;why; Jd;gg;gLfpwhd;

ghlk; ghlk; ghlk; ghlk; ---- 3333 I.Njitahd ,lq;fspy; ty;ypd nka;fis ,l;L vOJf.Njitahd ,lq;fspy; ty;ypd nka;fis ,l;L vOJf.Njitahd ,lq;fspy; ty;ypd nka;fis ,l;L vOJf.Njitahd ,lq;fspy; ty;ypd nka;fis ,l;L vOJf.

1. ,e;j Xtpaj;jpy; mike;j tz;z nrwpTk; Xtpa nghypTk; ek;ik ftu;fpd;wd. ,e;j Xtpaj;jpy; mike;j tz;zr; nrwpTk; Xtpag; nghypTk; ek;ikf; ftu;fpd;wd.

2. nrk;gpad; khNjtpp Nghd;w Nrho Nguurpau; nrg;G jpUNkdpfs; nra;jspg;gij jk; flik vd fUjpdu;. nrk;gpad; khNjtp Nghd;w Nrhog; Nguurpau; nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpfs; nra;jspg;gij jk; flik vdf; fUjpdu;.

3. Ntl;Lt ngz;fs; tpisahl NghtJz;L vd;W rQ;rPtpgu;tj rhuy; ghLfpwJ. Ntl;Ltg; ngz;fs; tpisahl NghtJz;L vd;W rQ;rPtpgu;tjr; rhuy; ghLfpwJ.

II. Njitaw;w ,lq;fspy; cs;s ty;ypd nka;fis ePf;fp vOJf.Njitaw;w ,lq;fspy; cs;s ty;ypd nka;fis ePf;fp vOJf.Njitaw;w ,lq;fspy; cs;s ty;ypd nka;fis ePf;fp vOJf.Njitaw;w ,lq;fspy; cs;s ty;ypd nka;fis ePf;fp vOJf. 1. gpj;ju; nrhd;dTk; Ngijau;r; nrhd;dTk; gj;ju;r; nrhd;dTk; gd;dg; ngWgNth vd;whu;f; fk;gu;.

gpj;ju; nrhd;dTk; Ngijau; nrhd;dTk; gj;ju; nrhd;dTk; gd;d ngWgNth vd;whu;> fk;gu;. 2. rPj;jiyr;rhj;jd; Gytu;g; ngUkhd; jkJ fhg;gpaj;jpw;F kzpNkfiyj; JwT vd;Nwg; ngaupl;lhu;.

rPj;jiyr;rhj;jd; Gytu; ngUkhd; jkJ fhg;gpaj;jpw;F kzpNkfiy JwT vd;Nw ngaupl;lhu;.


1. ney;ypfha;> jhd;wpfha;> fLfha; Mfpa %d;W ruf;Ffis nfhz;lJ jpupgiy vdg;gLk;. ney;ypf;fha;> jhd;wpf;fha;> fLf;fha; Mfpa %d;W ruf;Ffisf; nfhz;lJ jpupgiy vdg;gLk;.

2. nfhr;ir nrhw;fSk; t*c nrhw;fSk; kpFjpahf Goq;Ftjhy; jkpo; ,yf;fpa eilia Gwf;fzpf;f $LNkh? nfhr;irr; nrhw;fSk; t*cr; nrhw;fSk; kpFjpahfg; Goq;Ftjhy; jkpo; ,yf;fpa eiliag; Gwf;fzpf;f $LNkh?

3. fiyJiw> nkhopJiw> kUj;JtJiw> ,irJiw> rkaJiw Mfpatw;wpw;F Mgpufhk; gz;bju; Mw;wpa gzp ngupJ md;Nwh? fiyj;Jiw> nkhopj;Jiw> kUj;Jtj;Jiw> ,irj;Jiw> rkaj;Jiw Mfpatw;wpw;F Mgpufhk; gz;bju; Mw;wpa gzp ngupJ md;Nwh?

4. jkpopirapy; Maghiy> tl;lghiy> jpupNfhzghiy> rJughiy vd;w ehd;F ,irKiwfs; ,Ue;jd. jkpopirapy; Mag;ghiy> tl;lg;ghiy> jpupNfhzg;ghiy> rJug;ghiy vd;w ehd;F ,irKiwfs; ,Ue;jd.


m.vopyurd; 47

5. Vl;L Rtbfspy; rpj;j kUj;Jt nra;jpfs; nghjpe;J itf;fg;gl;ls;sd. Vl;Lr; Rtbfspy; rpj;j kUj;Jtr; nra;jpfs; nghjpe;J itf;fg;gl;ls;sd.

II. Njitaw;w ,lq;fspy; cs;s ty;ypd nka;fis ePf;fp vOJf.Njitaw;w ,lq;fspy; cs;s ty;ypd nka;fis ePf;fp vOJf.Njitaw;w ,lq;fspy; cs;s ty;ypd nka;fis ePf;fp vOJf.Njitaw;w ,lq;fspy; cs;s ty;ypd nka;fis ePf;fp vOJf. 1. ghQ;rhypf; fz;zidg; ghu;j;Jf; fz;zhf; fhg;gha; vd;W $wpdhs;.

ghQ;rhyp fz;zidg; ghu;j;Jf; fz;zh fhg;gha; vd;W $wpdhs;. 2. tho;fj; jkpo; vd;W mtdhr; nrhd;dhd; mwpe;Jr; nrhy; vdf;F.

tho;f jkpo; vd;W mtdh nrhd;dhd; mwpe;J nrhy; vdf;F. 3. ePNuhr; NrhNwh vJf;fpilj;jhYk; cz;Lr; nry;Ntd;.

ePNuh NrhNwh vJf;fpilj;jhYk; cz;L nry;Ntd;. 4. fgpyu; guzu; tsu;g;gpiw xspapy; RLr;NrhWk; fha;f;fwpAk; cz;ldu;.

fgpy guzu; tsu;gpiw xspapy; RLNrhWk; fha;fwpAk; cz;ldu;. 5. NrhWf; nfhjpf;fpwJ Nghj;jk;gp mLg;igf;Fiw vd;wTld; nrd;Wg; ghu;j;jhd;.

NrhW nfhjpf;fpwJ Ngh jk;gp mLg;igf;Fiw vd;wTld; nrd;W ghu;j;jhd;.


1. gl;l gfypdpNy ghtyu;f;F Njhd;Wfpw nel;il fdT. gl;lg; gfypdpNy ghtyu;f;Fj; Njhd;Wfpw nel;ilf; fdT.

2. gjpf fpstp gy;tif nghUis njhFjpahf nrhy;Yjy; Mk;. gjpff; fpstp gy;tifg; nghUisj; njhFjpahfr; nrhy;Yjy; Mk;.

3. fs;thu;f;F js;Sk; capu;epiy fs;shu;f;F js;shJ Gj;Njs; cyF. fs;thu;f;Fj; js;Sk; capu;epiy fs;shu;f;Fj; js;shJ Gj;Njs; cyF.

4. NjUis Gutp thuznjhFjp jpiwfs; nfhz;L tUk; kd;d. NjUisg; Gutp thuzj;njhFjp jpiwfs; nfhz;L tUk; kd;d.

5. njhd;%jhyj;J nghjpapy; Njhd;wpa ehYhu; Nfhru;. njhd;%jhyj;Jg; nghjpapy; Njhd;wpa ehYhu;f; Nfhru;.

6. gilg;G gygilj;J gyNuhLz;Zk; nry;tk;. gilg;Gg; gygilj;Jg; gyNuhLz;Zk; nry;tk;.

II.tlnkhopapy; khw;wk; ngw;Ws;s ey;y jkpo; ngau;fs;.tlnkhopapy; khw;wk; ngw;Ws;s ey;y jkpo; ngau;fs;.tlnkhopapy; khw;wk; ngw;Ws;s ey;y jkpo; ngau;fs;.tlnkhopapy; khw;wk; ngw;Ws;s ey;y jkpo; ngau;fs;.

jkpo;jkpo;jkpo;jkpo; tlnkhoptlnkhoptlnkhoptlnkhop jkpo;jkpo;jkpo;jkpo; tlnkhoptlnkhoptlnkhoptlnkhop jpUtuq;fk; =uq;fk; jpUr;rpw;wk;gyk; rpjk;guk; jpUkiwf;fhL Ntjhuzpak; jpUKJFd;wk;> gokiy tpUj;jhryk; mq;faw;fz;zp kPdhl;rp mwk;tsu;j;jhs; ju;krk;tu;j;jdp vuprpdf;nfhw;wit nusj;jpuJu;f;if Iahwg;gu; gQ;rejPRtuu; Fl%f;F Fk;gNfhzk; ths;neLq;fz;zp fl;fNej;up nrk;nghd;gs;spahu; nrhu;zGuPr;Ruu; ePs;neLq;fz;zp tprhyhl;rp ahopDk; ed;nkhopahs; tPzhkJugh\pzp Njd;nkhopg;ghit kJutrdp gokiyehju; tpUj;jfpuPr;Ruu;

III. tlnkhop nrhw;fSf;Fupa ey;y jkpo; nrhw;fis mwpf.tlnkhop nrhw;fSf;Fupa ey;y jkpo; nrhw;fis mwpf.tlnkhop nrhw;fSf;Fupa ey;y jkpo; nrhw;fis mwpf.tlnkhop nrhw;fSf;Fupa ey;y jkpo; nrhw;fis mwpf.

tlnkhoptlnkhoptlnkhoptlnkhop jkpo;jkpo;jkpo;jkpo; tlnkhoptlnkhoptlnkhoptlnkhop jkpo;jkpo;jkpo;jkpo; mfq;fhuk; nrUf;F Mfhak; thdk; mfjp Mjutw;wtu; Mrpu;thjk; tho;j;J mfpk;ir CW nra;ahik Mgj;J Jd;gk; mq;fPfhuk; xg;Gjy; Md;kh capu; mRj;jk; Jg;Gutpd;ik ,khyak; gdpkiy mehij ahUkw;wtu; ,uhfk; gz; mUr;rid kyupl;L XJjy; ,uj;jk; FUjp mtruk; tpiuT cjhuzk; vLj;Jf;fhl;L cw;rtk; tpoh If;fpak; xw;Wik fpufk; Nfhs; fpuhkk; rpw;Whu; rf;jp Mw;wy; r\;bag;jG+u;j;jp mWghd; epiwT rgjk; tQ;rpdk;> #s; re;ju;g;gk; tha;g;G Nrit njhz;L epGzu; ty;Yeu; gfpuq;fk; ntspg;gil gpuhu;j;jid Neu;j;jpf;fld; kpUfk; tpyq;F taJ mfit [d;dp ,rpT n[d;kk; gpwtp


1. mwpT FiwT> ftd FiwT> jpwik FiwT Mfpatw;why; tpgj;Jfs; cz;lhfpd;wd. mwpTf;FiwT> ftdf;FiwT> jpwikf;FiwT Mfpatw;why; tpgj;Jfs; cz;lhfpd;wd.


m.vopyurd; 48

2. Cl;lrj;J Fiwthy; fUnfhz;l jha; FiwNgw;Wf;F Mshfyhk;. Cl;lr;rj;Jf; Fiwthy; fUf;nfhz;l jha; FiwNgw;Wf;F Mshfyhk;.

3. ghljpl;lj;jpy; FkugUt rpf;fy;fis jPu;f;Fk; cstpaw; fl;Liufis Nru;f;f Ntz;Lk;. ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; Fkug;gUtr; rpf;fy;fisj; jPu;f;Fk; cstpaw; fl;Liufisr; Nru;f;f Ntz;Lk;.

4. Nghij gof;fj;jhy; Crpfis gfpu;e;Jnfhs;SjYk; va;;l;]; Neha;f;F fhuzk; MFk;. Nghijg; gof;fj;jhy; Crpfisg; gfpu;e;Jnfhs;SjYk; va;;l;]; Neha;f;Ff; fhuzk; MFk;.

5. czTnghUs; juFiwthf tpw;fg;gLtjhy; er;R fhshd; cz;lhfp nrupkhdk; FiwfpwJ. czTg;nghUs; juf;Fiwthf tpw;fg;gLtjhy; er;Rf; fhshd; cz;lhfpr; nrupkhdk; FiwfpwJ.

II.y> s> o NtWghL mwpe;J jdp jdp thf;fpaj;jpy; mikf;f.y> s> o NtWghL mwpe;J jdp jdp thf;fpaj;jpy; mikf;f.y> s> o NtWghL mwpe;J jdp jdp thf;fpaj;jpy; mikf;f.y> s> o NtWghL mwpe;J jdp jdp thf;fpaj;jpy; mikf;f. miy flyiy ghu;f;f mofhf ,Uf;Fk; Miy Miyfs; ehis tof;fk;Nghy; ,aq;Fk; mis misapy;jhd; ghk;Gfs; thOk; mio jpUtpohtpw;F ez;gu;fs; midtiuAk; mioj;Jth vd mk;kh nrhd;dhs; ,iy thio ,iy rhg;gpl trjpahf ,Uf;Fk; ,is fhrNeha; Vw;gl;lhy; ,isj;Jg; Nghthu;fs; ,io gUj;jp ,io> Milfs; nra;a ngupJk; cjTfpwJ ciy mk;kh ciy itj;jhs; cis Fjpiuf;F cis moF cio ciog;G cau;T jUk; xyp Nfhtpy; kzp xypj;jJ xsp #upadpd; xsp fz;iz $rr; nra;fpwJ xop jPa vz;zq;fis xop fiy Maf;fiyfs; mWgj;J ehd;F fis gapupy; cs;s fisia ePf;F fio fioapy; jhd; Gy;yhq;Foy; nra;thu;fs; fpyp ghk;igf; fz;lJk; midtUf;Fk; fpyp gpbj;JtpLk; fpsp fpsp mofhf nfhQ;Rk; fpop fhfpjq;fis fpopj;J fz;l ,lq;fspy; NghlhjPu;fs; jiy jiy xU cWg;G jis vy;yhtw;iwAk; jisgLj;jp it (jis-fl;L) jio MLfs; ,iy jiofis czthf cl;nfhs;Sk; tiy kPd; gpbf;f tiy Njit tis ghk;G tisapy; GFe;jJ tio tio vd;gJ xU tif kuk; (RuGd;id kuk;) thiy thiy moF epiwe;jts; (,sk;ngz;) this ehd; this kPid gpbj;Js;Nsd; thio vq;fs; tPl;by; thio kuk; mjpfkhf cs;sJ thy; khl;bd; thy; ePskhf ,Uf;Fk; ths; murdpd; Nghu;fUtpfspy; xd;W ths; tho; eP eyNkhL tho;

III. u> w> z> d NtWghL mwpe;J jdp jdp thf;fpaj;jpy; mikf;f.u> w> z> d NtWghL mwpe;J jdp jdp thf;fpaj;jpy; mikf;f.u> w> z> d NtWghL mwpe;J jdp jdp thf;fpaj;jpy; mikf;f.u> w> z> d NtWghL mwpe;J jdp jdp thf;fpaj;jpy; mikf;f. muz; Nfhl;iliar; Rw;wp muz; cs;sJ mud; mopj;jiy njhopyhf nra;gtd; mud; mz;zk; mz;zj;ij ehf;fhy; tUl ‘w’ Njhd;Wk; md;dk; md;dk; mofhd gwit Mzp Rtupy; Mzp mbf;fhjPu; Mdp jkpo; khjq;fspy; xd;W Mdp Jzp gUj;jpj; JzpNa Nfhil fhyj;jpw;F Vw;wJ Jdp Nfhu tpgj;ijf; fz;l kzp Jdpg;Gw;whd; ehz; ehz; ,Oj;jy; Nghl;bapy; vq;fs; mzp ntw;wp ngw;wJ ehd; ehd; nrd;idf;Fg; NghNdd; mwp ghlypd; nghUis mwpe;J nfhs; mup mupAk; rptDk; xd;W gdp khu;fop khjk; gdp mjpfkhf nghopAk; gzp ehd; muR gzpapy; Nru;e;Js;Nsd; kuk; kuj;jpy; VwhNj kwk; jkpou;fs; kwk; epiwe;jtu;fs; Ntiy ehd; Ntiyf;F NghfpNwd; Ntis fzpj ghlNtis vdf;F gpbf;Fk; jpiz md;gpd; mfj;jpiz Ie;J jpid jhdpa tiffspy; xd;W jpid jd; ,J jd;Dila epyk; vd;whd; jkpo; jz; Cl;b jz; vd;W ,Uf;Fk;


m.vopyurd; 49

ghlk; ghlk; ghlk; ghlk; ---- 7777 I. Njitahd ,lq;fspy; Njitahd ,lq;fspy; Njitahd ,lq;fspy; Njitahd ,lq;fspy; ty;ypd nka;fis ,l;L vOJf.ty;ypd nka;fis ,l;L vOJf.ty;ypd nka;fis ,l;L vOJf.ty;ypd nka;fis ,l;L vOJf.

1. nry;t rpWkPu;fhs;> ePuhl NghJtPu; vd;whs; Nfhij. nry;tr; rpWkPu;fhs;> ePuhlg; NghJtPu; vd;whs; Nfhij.

2. nte;ja nrbfspd; Nky; kpd;dpLk; jq;f G+f;fs;. nte;jar; nrbfspd; Nky; kpd;dpLk; jq;fg; G+f;fs;.

3. nfhj;jp jpupAk; me;j Nfhop nfhj;jpj; jpupAk; me;jf; Nfhop

4. fpl;l Nghdhy; Kl;l gif fpl;lg; Nghdhy; Kl;lg; gif

5. rhiu ghk;G FUtp $l;by; Eioe;jJ rhiug; ghk;G FUtpf; $l;by; Eioe;jJ

II. Njitaw;w ,lq;fspy; cs;s ty;ypd nka;fis ePf;fp vOJf.Njitaw;w ,lq;fspy; cs;s ty;ypd nka;fis ePf;fp vOJf.Njitaw;w ,lq;fspy; cs;s ty;ypd nka;fis ePf;fp vOJf.Njitaw;w ,lq;fspy; cs;s ty;ypd nka;fis ePf;fp vOJf. 1. vd;NdhLg; Nghe;j ,sq;nfhb eq;if.

vd;NdhL Nghe;j ,sq;nfhb eq;if. 2. tpbf;fhiy Ntis RLr;NrhW Mf;fpg; gupkhwf;$Lkh?

tpbfhiy Ntis RLNrhW Mf;fpg; gupkhwf;$Lkh? 3. ntz;zpyhf; fyf;fyntd;Wr; rpupj;jhs;.

ntz;zpyh fyfyntd;W rpupj;jhs;. 4. FGf;FGntd;Wg; Gif kz;lyk; #o;e;jJ.

FGFGntd;W Gif kz;lyk; #o;e;jJ. 5. Jwtpf;FbYf;Fs; te;jr; rpWtu; ,uz;Lg; Ngu;.

Jwtp FbYf;Fs; te;j rpWtu; ,uz;L Ngu;.

III. rpy mYtyff; fiyr;nrhw;fSf;Fj; jkpohf;fk; mwpf.rpy mYtyff; fiyr;nrhw;fSf;Fj; jkpohf;fk; mwpf.rpy mYtyff; fiyr;nrhw;fSf;Fj; jkpohf;fk; mwpf.rpy mYtyff; fiyr;nrhw;fSf;Fj; jkpohf;fk; mwpf.

mYtyfr; nrhw;fs;mYtyfr; nrhw;fs;mYtyfr; nrhw;fs;mYtyfr; nrhw;fs; jkpohf;fk;jkpohf;fk;jkpohf;fk;jkpohf;fk; mYtyfr; nrhw;fs;mYtyfr; nrhw;fs;mYtyfr; nrhw;fs;mYtyfr; nrhw;fs; jkpohf;fk;jkpohf;fk;jkpohf;fk;jkpohf;fk; nuf;fhu;l; Mtzk; nrful;lup nrayu; NkNd[u; Nkyhsu; /igy; Nfhg;G GNuhNehl; xg;Gr;rPl;L ghy;fdp Kfg;Gkhlk; gh];Nghu;l; flTr;rPl;L bird; tbtikg;G rhk;gpad; thif#b tprh EioT ,irT nlypNfl; Nguhsu; ];ng\y; g]; jdpg;NgUe;J GuNghry; fUj;JU Ml;Nlhfpuhg; tho;j;njhg;gk; tprpbq; fhu;L fhz;Gr;rPl;L gpuP/g; Nf]; FWk;ngl;b yk;rk; jpul;rpj;njhif nkapd;NuhL Kjd;ikr;rhiy GNuhl;Nlhfhy; kuGj;jfT nrf; fhNrhiy urPJ gw;Wr;rPl;L Gy;ypbd; gUt ntspaPL gpu\; Jhupif Nfd;Bd; rpw;Wz;br;rhiy rhu;;l; tpsf;fg;glk; fhu;Nlhfpuhg; epyg;glk; Nfhy;l; thu; #o;r;rpg; Nghu; fd;nrz;l; ,zf;fk; ,gpfpuhg; fy;ntl;L yh[pf; msit Ehy; ,z;bfpNu\d; xUikg;ghL nufkz;Nl\d; gupe;Jiu

ghlk; ghlk; ghlk; ghlk; ---- 8888 I. Njitahd ,lq;fspy; ty;ypd nka;fis ,l;L vOJf.Njitahd ,lq;fspy; ty;ypd nka;fis ,l;L vOJf.Njitahd ,lq;fspy; ty;ypd nka;fis ,l;L vOJf.Njitahd ,lq;fspy; ty;ypd nka;fis ,l;L vOJf.

1. Mrpupau; elj;jh ghlj;jpypUe;J ve;j Nfs;tpAk; tutpy;iy. Mrpupau; elj;jhg; ghlj;jpypUe;J ve;jf; Nfs;tpAk; tutpy;iy.

2. Nfs;tpfs; khztu; gapyh gFjpapy; ,Ue;J te;jjhy; vOj njupatpy;iy. Nfs;tpfs; khztu; gapyhg; gFjpapy; ,Ue;J te;jjhy; vOjj; njupatpy;iy.

3. vijAk; vOjp gofNtz;Lk; vd;W nrhd;dhu; Mrpupau;. vijAk; vOjpg; gofNtz;Lk; vd;Wr; nrhd;dhu; Mrpupau;.

4. me;j rpWtd; ve;j gs;spapy; gbj;J rpwe;jhd;? me;jr; rpWtd; ve;jg; gs;spapy; gbj;Jr; rpwe;jhd;?

5. Xl fhz;gJ nts;sk;> xLq;f fhz;gJ Nahfpau; cs;sk;. Xlf; fhz;gJ nts;sk;> xLq;ff; fhz;gJ Nahfpau; cs;sk;.

II. gpd;tUk; nrhw;fspy; cs;s gpiofis ePf;fp vOJf.gpd;tUk; nrhw;fspy; cs;s gpiofis ePf;fp vOJf.gpd;tUk; nrhw;fspy; cs;s gpiofis ePf;fp vOJf.gpd;tUk; nrhw;fspy; cs;s gpiofis ePf;fp vOJf. 1. nrd;idf;F mUfhikapy; ,Ug;gJ fd;dpahf;Fkup my;y.

nrd;idf;F mUfhikapy; ,Ug;gJ fd;dpahf;Fkup md;W 2. mtu;jhd; $wpdhu;> ,tu;jhd; $wpdhu; vd;W ghuhJ vtu;jhd; $wpdhYk; nka;g;nghUs; fhz;f.

mtu;jhk; $wpdhu;> ,tu;jhk; $wpdhu; vd;W ghuhJ vtu;jhk; $wpdhYk; nka;g;nghUs; fhz;f.


m.vopyurd; 50

3. ,lJgf;fk; ,Ug;gJ xsitahu; rpiy md;W. ,lg;gf;fk; ,Ug;gJ xsitahu; rpiy md;W.

4. fz;zd; KUfd; kw;Wk; Ntyd; te;jdu;. fz;zd; KUfd; Ntyd; MfpNahu; te;jdu;.

5. ey;yitfSk; nfl;litfSk; gj;jpupiffspy; ntspaplg;gLfpd;wd. ey;ydTk; nfl;ldTk; gj;jpupiffspy; ntspaplg;gLfpd;wd.

6. gj;J goq;fspy; xU goNk ey;yd. gj;Jg; goq;fSs; xU goNk ey;yJ.

7. ,q;Fs;sJ vy;yhk; ey;y goNk. ,q;Fs;sit vy;yhk; ey;y goq;fNs.

8. ,jidr; nra;jJ ,tu; my;yth? ,jidr; nra;jJ ,tu; my;yNuh?

9. tpohtpy; gy mwpQu;fs; Ngrpdu;. tpohtpy; mwpQu; gyu; Ngrpdu;.

10. xt;nthU rpw;Whu;fspYk; Cuhl;rp cs;sJ. xt;nthU rpw;WhupYk; Xu; Cuhl;rp cs;sJ.

11. khztu;fs; fy;tpawpT xOf;fj;jpw; rpwe;J tpsq;f Ntz;Lk;. khztu;fs; fy;tpawptpYk; xOf;fj;jpYk; rpwe;J tpsq;f Ntz;Lk;.

III. gwitfs; kw;Wk; tpyq;Ffspd; xypfs;gwitfs; kw;Wk; tpyq;Ffspd; xypfs;gwitfs; kw;Wk; tpyq;Ffspd; xypfs;gwitfs; kw;Wk; tpyq;Ffspd; xypfs;

gwitfspd; xypfs;gwitfspd; xypfs;gwitfspd; xypfs;gwitfspd; xypfs; tpyq;Ffspd; xypfs;tpyq;Ffspd; xypfs;tpyq;Ffspd; xypfs;tpyq;Ffspd; xypfs; Me;ij myWk; fOij fj;Jk; fhfk; fiuAk; Fjpiu fidf;Fk; fpsp nfhQ;Rk; (my;yJ) NgRk; rpq;fk; Koq;Fk; Fapy; $Tk; eup CisapLk; $if FoWk; eha; Fiuf;Fk; Nfhop nfhf;fupf;Fk; gd;wp cWKk; kapy; mfTk; Gyp cWKk; thdk;ghb ghLk; ahid gpspUk;

gpwTapu; xypfs;gpwTapu; xypfs;gpwTapu; xypfs;gpwTapu; xypfs; ,sikg;ngau;fs;,sikg;ngau;fs;,sikg;ngau;fs;,sikg;ngau;fs; jtis fj;Jk; rpq;ff;Fl;b gy;yp nrhy;Yk; Nfhopf;FQ;R vyp fPr;rpLk; fPupg;gps;is ghk;G rPWk; mzpw;gps;is

Fwpg;GFwpg;GFwpg;GFwpg;G

1. kdg;ghlg; gFjpia gbf;Fk; nghOJ gh tifia fz;bg;ghf gbf;f Ntz;Lk;. 2. rpy Nfs;tpfSf;F tpil njupatpy;iy vd;whYk; mjw;Fupa nra;Ais vOjp> KO kjpg;ngz; ngwyhk;. 3. jpiz (m) Jiwia tpsf;Fk; nghOJ cjhuzkhf nrhy;yg;gLk; ghliy KOikahf vOJtJ ey;yJ. 4. ,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G> gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;> Gzu;r;rp tpjpp> nghUj;Jf> xU kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs;

Nghd;wtw;iw khjj;jpw;F xU KiwahtJ kPs;ghu;it nra;tJ rpwe;jJ. 5. fijia Nju;e;njLj;J vOJk; nghOJ Fwpg;Gr;rl;lk;> Kd;Diu> fU> fijkhe;ju;fs; ngau;>

cl;jiyg;G> ePjp> KbTiu Mfpatw;Wld; Mrpupaupd; ngaUk; ,lk; ngWjy; ey;yJ. 6. fijia jpwdha;T nra;Ak; nghOJ> kdk; ftu;e;j fijkhe;jupd; gz;Gfis kl;LNk fUj;jpy; nfhz;L

jpwdha;T nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. kw;wtupd; gz;Gfs; Njitaw;wJ. 7. eak; ghuhl;Ljy; gFjpapy; nfhLf;fg;gl;l jiyg;Gfis tupirahf tpsf;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;. 8. ed;F ftpij vOjj; njupe;jhy; kl;Lk; ftpijf;Fupa gFjpia Nju;e;njLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,y;iyNay;>

tho;tpay; rpe;jidf;Fupa gFjpia Nju;e;njLj;J vOjpdhy; kjpg;ngz;fis KOikahfg; ngwyhk;. 9. Gj;jfj;jpy; cs;s nkhopg;ngau;r;rp gFjpfis mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;J gbj;jy; ey;yJ. 10. nrd;w Mz;Lfspy; Nfl;fg;gl;l tpdhf;fis ikakhff; nfhz;L 10 Nju;TfshtJ vOJjy; Ntz;Lk;.

� m.vopyurd;> KJfiyj; jkpohrpupau;> m.Nk.ep.gs;sp - vyg;ghf;fk;> fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lk;.


12th tamil 200 out of 200 (paper 1 & 2) by a.ezhilarasan, · pdf...

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