1/25 Learning Target:Understand the aftermath of WWI and the Nazi Dictatorship

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PresentationTAKE NOTES

You will have homework based on your notes…

WWI to WWII and the Rise of Nazi GermanyWorld History, FHSJanuary 2010

Do Now

Make a list of everything you know about the Nazi party. Be prepared to share.

Europe 1914

Treaty of Versailles

Negotiations began Jan. 1919

Consisted of leaders of 32 countries – ¾ of the world’s population

Proceedings interrupted by world conflict – armistice, Bolsheviks, assassination attempt in France

Terms for Germany

Germany was stripped over 13% of its territory – much of it returned to France

Reduction of Germany’s economic productivity by 13% and population by 10%

Lost of all its colonies and merchant vessels

Lost 75% of its iron ore deposits and 26% of its coal and potash (used to make soap, glass and fertilizer)

Made to pay reparations for ‘civilian damage’ – 6 thousand pounds

Terms (cont.’d)

Army and navy cut to a maximum of 100,000 volunteers

Forbidden to have an air force

Danzig established as a free city

The Rhineland was to be occupied for 15 years

Overall goal – contain Germany’s military power

Europe 1918

Russia - 1917February Revolution, Czar Nicholas thrown out of power and replaced with a Socialist Provisional Government

“The July Days” – war effort is going increasingly poor, economics situation in Russia is becoming more dire and workers, soldiers and sailors riot

Bolsheviks: Left-wing Socialists

Bolshevik forces under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin overthrow Provisional Government

Russia – cont.’d

Lenin establishes a Soviet Socialist Republic

The new Soviet state has radical social, political, economic & agrarian reform

This scared Western powers who feared the spread of Communism in Europe – made them willing to compromise with right-wing regimes in 20s & 30s

Russia breaks out in civil war (1917-1922)

Makes decision to make separate peace treaty with Kaiser Germany

Nazi DictatorshipWeimar Republic – parliamentary democracy established in Germany after WWI

Began to slip in popularity during the Great Depression

Adolf Hitler appointed chancellor by President Paul von Hidenburg Jan 30, 1933

Hitler begins laying foundation for Nazi state, also called the Third Reich

Guided by racist and authoritarian principles, eliminated individual freedoms

Dictatorship (cont.’d)Pronounced the creation of a Volk Community (Volksgemeinschaft) – a society which would, in theory, transcend class and religious differences

Third Reich – police state in which Germans enjoyed no basic rights and the SS wielded increasing authority through is control over the police

SS – elite guard of the Nazi state

Reichstag Fire Suspicious fire in German Parliament February 28, 1933

Decree issued

Suspension of basic civil rights (ones guaranteed under the Weimar Constitution)

Created a state of emergency in which official decrees could be enacted without parliamentary confirmation

Nazi Dictatorship (cont.’d)

Political opponents, esp. Communists & Social Democratic Party members and Jews were subject to intimidation, persecution and discriminatory legislation

“Coordination” (Gleichschaltung) – policy followed by Hitler his first 2 yrs of chancellorship where political parties, state governments, and cultural and professional organizations were brought in line with Nazi goals

Culture, economics and law all came under Nazi control

Also attempted to bring into line German Christian churches, not completely successful, but won support of a majority of Catholic and Protestant clergymen

Nazi Dictatorship (cont.’d)Civil Service Law, 1933

– German authorities eliminated Jews and other “politically unreliable” civil servants from governmental agencies, and state positions in the economy, law and cultural life

Nazi government abolished trade unions

Workers, employees, & employers were forced into the German Labor Front led by Nazi leader Robert Ley

Nazi Dictatorship (cont.’d)

Enabling Law, 1933 – German parliament transferred power to Hitler’s cabinet – lost its reason for being

mid-July 1933, Nazi party was the only political party left in Germany

All other parties had been outlawed or dissolved themselves

Reichstag allowed Hitler and the Nazis to do as they pleased

Nazi Dictatorship (cont.’d)

Hindenburg dies 1934, Hitler has himself designated as both Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor

Armed forced swore allegiance to him

Fuehrer principle (Fuehrerprinzip) – authority – in gov.’t, the party, economy, family, etc. – flowed downward and was to be obeyed unquestioningly

Nazi Dictatorship (cont.’d)

Power as Chancellor limited by laws of German state, power as Fuehrer was not

Hitler’s will was equated with the destiny of the German nation

Foreign PolicyDriven largely by racist beliefs

Asserted Germany was destined to expand eastward by military force

Asserted that an enlarged, racially superior German population should establish permanent rule in eastern Europe and the Soviet Union

Women played a vital role

Aggressive population policy encouraged “racially pure” women to bear as many “Aryan” children as possible

Foreign Policy (cont.’d)

“Racially Inferior” peoples such as the Jews and the Gypsies would be eliminated from the region

From the beginning aimed to wage war of annihilation against the Soviet Union

Peacetime years of Nazi regime spent preparing German people for war

Also planned and implemented the Holocaust

Holocaust – mass murder of the Jews, considered the primary “racial” enemy

In-Class Assignment

Write 1 additional paragraph summary of today’s lesson. This should add to the paragraph that you already have.

Each paragraph must be at least 5 sentences long.

You should end up with two paragraphs total.

Your original title should be modified to be a title for BOTH paragraphs.

(“summary” is not a title…“paragraphs” is not a title either. Imagine if your are writing the heading on a newspaper that featured your two paragraphs…what would the headline be?)

This is CLASSWORK. Your homework assignment follows…

Homework

Read the article on HitlerTake NOTES that are clear. Make sure YOU understand them.

Write a 1 paragraph summary of the article. (5 sentences minimum, with a title)