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TRNG CAO NG NGH KINH T K THUT VINATEX

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BO CO TNG KT

TI NGHIN CU KHOA HC CP B

NGHIN CU NG DNG PHN MM HO 3D VO THIT K CC HOT CNH PHC V NGNH CNG NGH HN

M s ti: 102.10 RD/H-KHCN

THS. LU VN TON

8580

NAM NH - 2010

TRNG CAO NG NGH KINH T K THUT VINATEX

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BO CO TNG KT

TI NGHIN CU KHOA HC CP B

NGHIN CU NG DNG PHN MM HO 3D VO THIT K

CC HOT CNH PHC V NGNH CNG NGH HN

Thc hin theo Hp ng s 102.10 RD/H - KHCN ngy 25 thng 02 nm 2010

gia B Cng Thng v Trng Cao ng ngh Kinh t K thut VINATEX

NAM NH - 2010

Nhm nghin cu: Ths. Lu Vn Ton Ths. Nguyn Quc Tun Ks. Bi Minh Thnh Ks.Nguyn Ngc Thanh

Ks. o Hi Vn

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M U

Pht trin ngun nhn lc cng ngh cao ang tr thnh chin lc o to trong nhiu Trng v c s o to, cc chng trnh o to khng cn mang tnh hn lm m mang tnh thc hnh cao, trang b cho ngi hc k nng ngh nghip v kh nng nghin cu khoa hc gn vi thc t ngh nghip. lm c iu ny, c bn l xy dng c khung chng trnh trn c s o to k nng thc hnh. Bn cnh vic kt hp vi cc doanh nghip s lun gip qu trnh o to gn vi thc t doanh nghip. Gip o to lun cp nhp c nhng thay i cng ngh nhanh nht trong lnh vc o to ngh Cng ngh Hn.

1. Tnh cp thit ca ti Cng ngh Hn l mt ngnh mi trong ngnh C kh Vit Nam v c bit

l cc trng, cc doanh nghip thuc B cng thng. Nhng giai on gn y ngnh Cng ngh Hn v ang pht trin mnh cho thy tm quan trng ng dng trong cc ngnh C kh t, cng ngh ng tu, cu ng, xy dngV vy yu cu cp thit ca gio dc trong giai on hin nay l o to c cc k s, th Hn gii p ng ngun nhn lc mi ca B. Cc thit b trong ngnh Hn tuy khng phc tp nhng kh a dng v phong ph. c bit cc mn hc trong cng ngh Hn c tnh tru tng cao. Bn cnh yu t chnh trong cng ngh Hn phc tp l iu chnh gc , v ln, dao ng que hn, ngn la Hn. Nhng trong thc t ngn la Hn rt kh quan st v ng i ca ngn la Hn rt kh m phng do nh hng ca h quang v th hin ch cn thay i mt thng s cng ngh nh cho ta mt phng php, mt sn phm c cht lng khc.

Vi cc phng php dy hc truyn thng thng thng ca i a s trng ngh cho hiu qu ging dy cha cao v cha to tnh trc quan cho ngi hc. Ngoi mt u im nh:

+ Thit b r, d kim, qu trnh vn hnh bo dng, sa cha n gin t tn km.

+ Khng i hi cao v k nng cng ngh thng tin..... + Thit b d vn chuyn to sn phm trc tip t ngi hc Bn cnh cn nhiu hn ch nh: + Trong qu trnh quan st thao tc thc hnh mu hc vin tip xc trc tip vi

h quang, kh c gy ra hin tng bong da, bng mt, chy qun o dng c bo h, ting n....gy mt an ton gim hiu qu hc tp.

+ Qu trnh thc hnh tiu tn nhiu vt t, phi liu, hao mn thit b, mt nhiu khng gian din tch hiu qu knh t khng cao.

+ Kh nng mt an ton lao ng cao.

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+ Qu trnh quan st k nng, k thut kh, nhiu hn ch do nh hng ca h quang hn.

- Cng vi s pht trin khoa hc k thut cc thit b Hn o ra i nh:

Thit b m phng hn, Thit b gim st qu trnh Hn cng c nhiu u th vt tri nh:

+ Phng thc hnh Hn nh gn thng thong. + Khng tiu tn que hn, vt t, phi liu + Khng to ra kh c lm nh hng n sc khe ca ging vin v hc vin + Hnh thnh thi quen v k nng hn ngay trong qu trnh hc l thuyt + Gim st, kim tra, nh gi chnh xc nng lc, k nng hn ca nhiu hc

vin mt lc. Bn cnh cn mt s hn ch nh: - Thit b u t t, ch yu c u t ti cc phng th nghim, cc vin v

cc trng i hc ln, cc thit b ch yu ca nc ngoi nn vic lm ch cng ngh cn nhiu hn ch.

- i hi ging vin c trnh v cng ngh Hn, v trnh cng ngh thng tin cao c k thut lm ch cng ngh.

- Qu trnh bo qun, bo dng phc tp tn km.

Hnh 1.1 Gi thc hnh

hn h quang vi phng php dy

truyn thng

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* Trong nhng nm gn y cng vi vic bng n ca CNTT c bit l s pht

trin mnh ca ngnh cng ngh ho 3D. c rt nhiu cc phn mm ng dng trong ngnh c kh nh: Auto CAD, Solidwork, Pro-Engineer, Autodesk Inventer, Autodesk Mechanical Desktop, SolidWorks Edge, Master CAM, 3D Studio.MaxMi phn mm u c cc mt mnh, hng chuyn su ng dng khc nhau :

Trong ngnh Cng ngh Hn vic iu khin ngn la hn v cc thng s cng ngh l yu t tin quyt nh cht lng sn phm. Bn cnh ngn la hn v cc yu t cng ngh li rt kh quan st, v phc tp khng trc quan vi phng php ging dy thng thng phn ln do nh hng ca h quang hn. Vic p dng cng ngh ha 3D xy dng m hnh khng gian 3 chiu ca cc thit b nghnh Hn cho php ta quan st thit b mi gc quan st kt cu bn trong ca thit b vi hnh nh c phng to. Mt khc nh cc hiu ng ca phn mm ta c th quan st c cc chuyn ng phc tp, cc yu t cng ngh chnh ca ngn la Hn nh cc hot cnh. T cc m hnh v cc hot cnh gio vin c th p dng son cc bi ging in t cho cc mn hc khc nhau trong trng trnh o to ngh Cng ngh Hn ni ring v c kh ni chung h tr ln cho qu trnh o to ti cc doanh nghip to hiu qu kinh t cao..

Vy: Vi s pht trin ln mnh ca ngnh C kh, tm quan trng ca ngnh Cng ngh Hn, vi mt thun li v kh khn ca phng php o to ngh Hn truyn thng hin i ti cc trng ngh ca nc ta hin nay v u vit ca cng ngh ho 3D . Cng vi s pht trin v p dng cng ngh mi trong cc trng ngh. Do , vic nghin cu ti Nghin cu ng dng phn mm ho 3D vo thit k cc hot cnh phc v ngnh Cng ngh Hn l yu cu cp thit ca thc t ca gio dc Vit Nam trong i mi v hi nhp.

2. Mc ch, ngha nghin cu 2.1. Mc ch nghin cu: - Qua qu trnh iu tra kho st v qua c s l lun, hiu qu ca ti c p

dng cho thy c tm quan trng ca cng ngh ho 3D. Cn xy dng

Hnh 1.2 Gi thc hnh hn h quang

vi thit b m phng

hn

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chng trnh ng dng cng ngh 3D phc v cng tc o to ngnh Cng ngh Hn ni ring v cc ngnh C kh khc ca B ni ring.

- Hng dn gio vin, ngi qun l doanh nghip ng dng m hnh hot cnh to hiu qu ging dy cao ti cc trng c o to ngnh Cng ngh Hn ca B cng thng nhm nng cao cht lng o to, p ng nhu cu hc tp ca hc vin, nhu cu lao ng ca x hi, tip cn phng thc o to tin b trn th gii ng thi nng cao trnh ca ngi dy, ngi hc, tit kim thi gian, kinh ph trong o to to hiu qu cao trong sn xut ti cc doanh nghip

2.2. ngha nghin cu: Nghin cu ng dng cng ngh ho 3D vo h tr ging dy ngnh Cng

ngh Hn c ngha ln lao: - Gp phn lm sng t c s l thuyt phn mm 3DS.Max, Solidworks - Gip cng tc ging dy ca gio vin tr ln n gin, thun tin, chnh xc,

khoa hc, tit kim thi gian, nhn lc, chi ph. Ngi hc s hng th tm ti hc tp.

- Hn ch ti a cc sai st trong qu trnh m phm v trong thc tin - Nng cao cht lng ging dy, o to mn hc trong ngnh Cng ngh Hn. - Nng cao trnh tin hc cho i ng gio vin trong cc trng ngh, nng cao

hiu qu tip thu kin thc ca hc sinh mt cch chnh xc v d hiu. 3. Phm vi, nhim v nghin cu ti tp trung nghin cu cc ni dung sau: - C s l lun ca cc phn mm 3D nh 3DS.Max, Solidworks - Thc trng cng tc ging dy ngh Cng ngh Hn ti Trng Cao ng Ngh

Kinh t K thut Vinatex v cc trng c dy ngh C kh ca B Cng Thng v mt s gii php nhm hon thin, nng cao hiu qu ng dng cng ngh ho 3D vo h tr ging dy ngnh Cng ngh Hn

- ng dng cng ngh ho 3D xy dng m hnh my Hn v cc thit b (Hn h quang, Hn Tig, Hn Mig, Oxy Acetylen, Hn 1G-6G, My t dp, my khoan,....) v cc hot cnh h tr cng tc ging dy chuyn ngnh Cng ngh Hn.

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MC LC

M U ...............................................................................................................1 1. Tnh cp thit ca ti...............................................................................1 2. Mc ch, ngha nghin cu.....................................................................3 2.1. Mc ch nghin cu:..................................................................................3 2.2. ngha nghin cu: ....................................................................................4 3. Phm vi, nhim v nghin cu....................................................................4

MC LC.............................................................................................................5 DANH MC HNH, S BNG BIU........................................................9 DANH MC K HIU V CH VIT TT ..................................................12 TM TT NHIM V KHOA HC V CNG NGH ...............................13 CHNG I: TNG QUAN TI LIU .............................................................14

1.1. Tnh hnh nghin cu trong v ngoi nc ............................................14 1.1.1 Tnh hnh nghin cu ngoi nc. ...........................................................14 1.1.2 Tnh hnh nghin cu trong nc..............................................................14 1.2 C s l lun ca ti .............................................................................15 1.2.1 Cng ngh v phn mm ha Solidworks ..........................................15 1.2.2. Cng ngh v phn mm ha 3DS.Max ...........................................15 1.2.3 L lun gio dc ngh nghip v thc tin.............................................16

CHNG II: THC NGHIM .........................................................................18 2.1. Phn tch thc trng s dng cc phn mm tin hc trong ngnh Cng

ngh Hn ...............................................................................................................18 2.1.1. Tnh hnh chung .......................................................................................18 2.1.2. Nhng hng chnh ng dng tin hc vo phc v ngnh Cng ngh Hn............................................................................................................................19 2.1.3. Kho st la chn cc phn mm ho 3D ng dng trong xy dng m hnh hot cnh phc v ngnh Cng ngh Hn. ................................................19

2.1.3.1 Phn mm Solidworks..........................................................................21 2.1.3.2 Phn mm 3D Studio.Max ...................................................................23

2.2 Kho st thit b v dng c ti cc trng dy ngh v doanh nghip phc v qu trnh nghin cu. .............................................................................25

2.2.1 Hn h quang tay .....................................................................................25 2.2.1.1 Hn h quang tay my hn xoay chiu................................................25 2.2.1.2 Hn h quang tay my hn mt chiu. ..............................................26

2.2.2. Hn MIG - MAG......................................................................................27 2.2.2.1 c im ca phng php hn Mig-Mag..........................................27 2.2.2.2 u nhc im phng php hn MAG, MIG....................................27

2.2.3. My hn TIG............................................................................................27 2.2.3.1 Thc cht..............................................................................................27 2.2.3.2 c im : ............................................................................................27 2.2.3.3 Phm vi s dng : ................................................................................28

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2.2.4. Hn kh .....................................................................................................28 2.2.4.1. Thc cht.............................................................................................28 2.2.4.2. c im. ............................................................................................28 2.2.4.3 Phm vi s dng...................................................................................28

2.3. Tng hp phn tch cc k thut Hn phc v qu trnh nghin cu...28 2.3.1. Cc thao tc k thut chnh trong Cng ngh Hn ..................................28

2.3.1.1Cc chuyn ng chnh ca que hn trong k thut Hn c bn.........28 2.3.1.2 Chuyn ng dc trc que hn: (Chuyn ng s 1) ..........................29 2.3.1.3 Chuyn ng dc trc mi hn: (Chuyn ng s 2) ..........................29 2.3.1.4 Chuyn ng dao ng ngang que hn: (Chuyn ng s 3) .............29 2.3.1.5 nh hung ca cc chuyn ng ti vic hnh thnh mi hn?. .........29

2.3.2. Hn gip mi khng vt cnh v tr hn bng (1G) ..............................29 2.3.2.1 nh phi: (Hnh 2.2) .........................................................................29 2.3.2.2 Gc que hn (Hnh 2.3) ................................................................29 2.3.2.3 Chuyn ng c tay.............................................................................30 2.3.2.4 Chuyn ng cnh tay.........................................................................30

2.3.3. Hn v tr hn ng (Hn leo) (3G) ......................................................30 2.3.3.1 Gc que hn (Hnh 2.4) .................................................................30 2.3.3.2 Chuyn ng c tay..............................................................................30 2.3.3.3 Chuyn ng cnh tay.........................................................................31

2.3.4. Hn v tr hn ngang (2G) .....................................................................31 2.3.4.1 Gc que hn (Hnh 2.6) ................................................................31 3.2.4.2 Chuyn ng c tay.............................................................................31 2.3.4.3 Chuyn ng cnh tay..........................................................................32

2.3.5. Hn v tr hn trn ( 4G)........................................................................32 2.3.5.1 Gc que hn ...................................................................................32 2.3.5.2 Chuyn ng c tay.............................................................................32 2.3.5.3 Chuyn ng cnh tay.........................................................................32

2.3.6. Hn gc v tr hn bng (1F) .................................................................32 2.3.6.1 nh phi: (Hnh 2.10) ......................................................................33 2.3.6.2 K thut hn gc: (Hnh 2.11) ............................................................33 2.3.6.3 Gc que hn ....................................................................................33 2.3.6.4 Hn mi hn chng, ............................................................................33

2.3.7. Hn v tr hn leo (3F)...........................................................................33 2.3.7.1 Cch dao ng que hn .......................................................................33 2.3.7.2 Gc que hn ...................................................................................34

2.3.8. Hn v tr hn ngang (2F)......................................................................34 2.3.8.1 Gc que hn: (Hnh 2.13) ...............................................................34

Hnh 3.100. Gc que trong Hn 3F......................................................... 2.3.8.2 Phng php dao ng que hn:........................................................35

2.3.9 . Hn v tr hn trn (4F) ........................................................................35 CHNG 3: KT QU V BNH LUN .......................................................36

3.1. Kt qu kho st ........................................................................................36 3.2 Sn phm ca ti ...................................................................................37

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3.2.1. Hng dn s dng phn mm 3DS max v Solidworks (c sn phm km theo - Ph lc 6) .................................................................................................37 3.2.2 Th vin m hnh ......................................................................................37

3.2.2.1 ng dng phn mm 3DS.Max xy dng m hnh phc v ngnh Cng ngh Hn. ........................................................................................................37

A. Xy dng m hnh thit b my Hn h quang tay xoay chiu .......37 B. Xy dng m hnh my Hn Tig..............................................................38 C. Xy dng m hnh my Hn kh (Hn Oxy-Acetylen)............................45 D. Xy dng m hnh my Hn Mig Mag.................................................47 E. Xy dng m hnh dng c Hn..............................................................52

a. Xy dng m hnh bn Hn .....................................................................53 b. Xy dng m hnh giy bo h lao ng.................................................54 c. Xy dng m hnh gng tay bo h lao ng ..........................................54 d. Xy dng m hnh knh bo h lao ng.................................................55 e. Xy dng m hnh m lt.........................................................................55 g. Xy dng m hnh C l ..........................................................................55 h. Xy dng m hnh km ct dy hn.........................................................56 i. Xy dng m hnh ba g x ....................................................................56 k. Xy dng m hnh Tuc n vt................................................................57 l. Xy dng m hnh ba ngui ...................................................................57 m. Xy dng m hnh bn chi nh g ......................................................58 n. Xy dng m hnh mt n hn.................................................................58

3.2.2.2 ng dng phn mm Solidworks trong xy dng m hnh phc v ngnh Cng ngh Hn .....................................................................................61

A. Xy dng m hnh vt th my khoan bn ...............................................61 B.To m hnh my khoan ng....................................................................63 C.To m hnh my t dp...........................................................................64

3.2.3. Th vin hot cnh..................................................................................66 3.2.3.1 ng dng phn mm 3DS.max to hot cnh phc v ngnh Cng ngh Hn...................................................................................................................66

A.To hot cnh Hn h quang tay................................................................66 a. To hot cnh Hn gip mi khng vt mp v tr Hn bng ..................66 b. To hot cnh Hn gc khng vt mp v tr Hn bng ..........................69

B. Hot cnh Hn Tig ....................................................................................72 + To hot cnh hn Tig hn gip mi ti v tr bng.................................72

C. Hot cnh Hn Mig-Mag...........................................................................75 + To hot cnh Hn Mig- Mag Hn chng khng vt mp ti v tr bng......................................................................................................................75

D. To hot cnh hn Tig Hn 1G - 6G.........................................................77 a. To hot cnh Hn 3G..............................................................................77 b. To hot cnh Hn 6G .............................................................................79

E. To hot cnh th hin thng s ngn la Hn .........................................80

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a.To hot cnh ngn la Hn .....................................................................80 b. Ngn la thng ......................................................................................81 c. Ngn la Oxy ha ....................................................................................81 d. Ngn la nhin liu..................................................................................82

3.2.3.2 ng dng phn mm Solidworks trong to hot cnh phc v ngnh Cng ngh Hn ................................................................................................83 3.2.3.3 nh gi hiu qu vic ng dng phn mm 3D phc v ngnh Cng ngh Hn ti trng Cao ng Ngh Kinh t K thut Vinatex.....................89

A: Thc trng vic ng dng cng ngh phn mm 3D vo h tr ging dy ngh Cng ngh Hn ti cc trng ngh ca tnh Nam nh:........................89

a. iu kin v c s vt cht, trang thit b phc v ging dy: ......................89 Bng 1: Kt qu kho st iu kin c s vt cht, trang thit b phc v ging dy ngnh Cng ngh Hn ..............................................................................89

b. Thc trng ng dng cng ngh phn mm 3D ca cn b, gio vin trong ging dy ngnh Cng ngh Hn. ......................................................................89 c. xut cc bin php gii quyt cc tr ngi khi s dng phn mm 3DS .Max vo h tr ging dy trong ngnh Cng ngh Hn:.................................91 B. i vi gio vin:.........................................................................................91 Bng 2: Kt qu kho st p dng i vi gio vin: Hiu qu chung ng dng cng ngh phn mm 3D vo ging dy m dun ngnh cng ngh Hn...........................................................................................................................91 Bng 3: Kt qu kho st i vi gio vin: Hiu qu ng dng cng ngh phn mm 3D gip nng cao trnh chuyn mn, nghip v trong ging dy m dun ngnh Cng ngh Hn ........................................................................92

C. i vi hc sinh:..........................................................................................92 Bng 4: Kt qu kho st i vi sinh vin: Hiu qu khi hc cc bi hc m gio vin s dng cng ngh phn mm 3D vo cng tc ging dy m dun ngnh Cng ngh Hn .....................................................................................92

KT LUN V KIN NGH ............................................................................94 I. Kt lun ........................................................................................................94 1.1 Nhng phn ti hon thnh.................................................................94 1.2 Nhng nh hng chnh v hng pht trin ca ti ............................95 II. Kin ngh.....................................................................................................95

TI LIU THAM KHO ...................................................................................96 Ph lc 1: PHIU IU TRA ............................................................................97 Ph lc 2: MU PHIU TRNG CU KIN VI GIO VIN ..............99 Ph lc 3: MU PHIU TRNG CU KIN VI HC SINH................100 Ph lc 4: NH GI XP HNG CC PHN MM.................................101 CAD/CAM/CAE/CG/RP .....................................................................................101 Ph lc 5: SO SNH CC PHN MM CAD/CAM/CAE THNG DNG TI VIT NAM NG DNG TRONG NGNH C KH.............................104 Ph lc 6: HNG DN S DNG PHN MM 3DS.MAX V SOLIDWORKS ....................................................................................................106

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( C sn phm km theo). ....................................................................................106 DANH MC HNH, S BNG BIU

Hnh 1.1 Gi thc hnh hn h quang vi phng php dy truyn thng...............1 Hnh 1.2 Gi thc hnh hn h quang vi thit b m phng hn.............................1 Hnh 2.1. Cc hng chuyn......................................................................................1 Hnh 2.2. V tr v kch thc khi nh phi v tr Hn 1G ....................................1 Hnh 2.3. Gc que Hn v tr Hn 1G ................................................................1 Hnh 2.4. Gc que Hn v tr Hn 3G ................................................................1 Hnh 2.5. Thao tc ni que trong Hn 3G..................................................................1 Hnh 2.6. Gc que Hn 2G.................................................................................1 Hnh 2.7. Dao ng que trong Hn 2G ......................................................................1 Hnh 2.8. Gc que trong Hn 4G ..........................................................................1 Hnh 2.9. Gc que trong Hn 1F ...........................................................................1 Hnh 2.10. V tr nh phi que trong Hn 1F............................................................1 Hnh 2.11. V tr nh phi que trong Hn 1F............................................................1 Hnh 2.12. Dao ng que hn trong Hn 3F ..............................................................1 Hnh 2.13. Gc que trong Hn 2F.........................................................................1 Hnh 2.14. Gc que v dao ng trong Hn 4F ....................................................1 Hnh 3.1 M hnh my hn h quang tay.................................................................38 Hnh 3.2 To m hnh mt thn trn v bnh xe my hn Tig ................................38 Hnh 3.3 To m hnh np trn ................................................................................39 Hnh 3.4 To cnh qut gi. .....................................................................................39 Hnh 3.5 To my bin p hn .................................................................................41 Hnh 3.6 To khi bng lnh Etrude ...................................................................41 Hnh 3.7 To dy mt, u ni dy hn ...................................................................42 Hnh 3.8 To m hnh chai kh.................................................................................43 Hnh 3.9 Gn ng h o p vo chai kh...............................................................43 Hnh 3.10 To cn m hn Tig.................................................................................44 Hnh 3.11 To chp in cc m hn Tig................................................................44 Hnh 3.12 p vt liu cho m hnh my hn Tig.....................................................45 Hnh 3.13 To m hnh trc bnh xe vn chuyn ....................................................46 Hnh 3.14 To m hnh chai kh Oxy-Acetylen.......................................................46 Hnh 3.15 Lp rp v p vt liu cho b hn kh. ....................................................47 Hnh 3.16 To m hnh thn my hn Mig-Mag .....................................................48 Hnh 3.17 To m hnh np trn v bulon vn chuyn............................................48 Hnh 3.18 To m hnh bnh xe vn chuyn ...........................................................49 Hnh 3.19 p nh mp mt trc my hn Mig ......................................................49 Hnh 3.20 Lp rp v p vt liu cho b hn kh. ....................................................50 Hnh 3.21 To thn b cp dy ................................................................................50 Hnh 3.22 To m hnh c cu cng dy hn...........................................................51 Hnh 3.23 To m hnh cun dy hn ......................................................................51 Hnh 3.24 M hnh my hn Mig-Mag ....................................................................52 Hnh 3.25 To m hnh gh thc hnh Hn.............................................................53 Hnh 3.26 To m hnh g kp phi....................................................................53 Hnh 3.27 To m hnh giy bo h.........................................................................54 Hnh 3.28 To m hnh gng tay bo h ..................................................................54

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Hnh 3.29 To m hnh knh bo h ........................................................................55 Hnh 3.30 To m hnh mlt ..................................................................................55 Hnh 3.31 To m hnh Cl......................................................................................55 Hnh 3.32 To m hnh km cp dy hn.................................................................56 Hnh 3.33 To m hnh ba g x ............................................................................56 Hnh 3.34 To m hnh Tuc n vt.........................................................................57 Hnh 3.35 To m hnh ba ngui ...........................................................................57 Hnh 3.36 To m hnh bn chi g..........................................................................58 Hnh 3.37 To m hnh mt n hn..........................................................................58 Hnh 3.38 To m hnh my mi tay........................................................................59 Hnh 3.39 To m hnh my mi bn..................................................................60 Hnh 3.40 To m hnh my mi hai ...................................................................61 Hnh 3.41: My khoan bn.......................................................................................63 Hnh 3.42: My khoan ng mt cnh.....................................................................64 Hnh 3.43: M hnh tng th my t dp ...............................................................65 Hnh 3.44 To hot cnh gii thiu..........................................................................66 Hnh 3.45 To hot cnh gii thiu phi..................................................................66 Hnh 3.46 To hot cnh xoay phi .........................................................................66 Hnh 3.47 To hot cnh nh phi cnh 1 ..............................................................67 Hnh 3.48 To hot cnh nh phi cnh 2 ..............................................................67 Hnh 3.49 To hot cnh th hin gc que hn...................................................68 Hnh 3.50 To hot cnh que hn di chuyn theo hnh bn nguyt .........................68 Hnh 3.51To hot cnh m phng hn gip mi ....................................................69 Hnh 3.52 To hot cnh gii thiu hn gc ............................................................69 Hnh 3.53 To hot cnh nh phi ca hn gc......................................................70 Hnh 3.54 To hot cnh gc que hn vi mt phng phi ................................70 Hnh 3.55 To hot cnh gc que hn vi mt phng gc gia hai phi............70 Hnh 3.56 Dao ng que hn trong hn gc ............................................................71 Hnh 3.57 Hot cnh to ng hn ........................................................................71 Hnh 3.58 Ghi hot cnh ui Avi ...........................................................................72 Hnh 3.59 To hot cnh gii thiu m hnh hn Tig ..............................................72 Hnh 3.60 To hot cnh xoay phi .........................................................................73 Hnh 3.61 To hot cnh hn nh cnh...................................................................73 Hnh 3.62 To hot cnh hn nh ...........................................................................73 Hnh 3.63 To hot cnh gc m hn tig ............................................................74 Hnh 3.64 To hot cnh gc que hn ph..........................................................74 Hnh 3.65 To hot cnh hnh thnh ng hn trong hn Tig ...............................75 Hnh 3.66 To hot cnh gii thiu phi v g kp trong hn Mig ....................75 Hnh 3.67 To hot cnh th hin dao ng m hn ...............................................76 Hnh 3.68 To hot cnh hn Tig hnh thnh ng hn trong hn gc ................76 Hnh 3.69 Ghi hot cnh hn Tig .............................................................................77 Hnh 3.70 To hot cnh lp phi ............................................................................77 Hnh 3.71 To hot cnh gc m hn tig ............................................................77 Hnh 3.72 To hot cnh gc que hn ph..........................................................78 Hnh 3.73 To hot cnh hnh thnh ng hn trong hn Tig ...............................78 Hnh 3.74 To hot cnh gii thiu m hnh hn Tig ..............................................79

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Hnh 3.75 To hot cnh xoay phi .........................................................................79 Hnh 3.76 To hot cnh hn ...................................................................................79 Hnh 3.77 To hot cnh mi ngn la hn .............................................................80 Hnh 3.78 To hot cnh ngn la thng...............................................................81 Hnh 3.79 To hot cnh ngn la Oxy ha ............................................................81 Hnh 3.80 To hot cnh ngn la nhin liu ..........................................................82 Hnh 3.81 Khung my t dp .................................................................................83 Hnh 3.82 Lp rp xi lanh vo khung......................................................................84 Hnh 3.83: Lp rp bn ng....................................................................................85 Hnh 3.84: Lp rp u t dp................................................................................86 Hnh 3.85: Lp rp g ci....................................................................................87 Hnh 3.86: Lp rp ci t l vo g...................................................................88

12

DANH MC K HIU V CH VIT TT

CNH-HH :Cng nghip ho hin i ho CNTT :Cng ngh thng tin PPDH :Phng php dy hc 3DS.Max :3D Studio.Max CAM :Computer Aided Manufacture CAD :Computer Aided Design CAE :Computer Aided Engineering CG :Computer Graphics PMNM : Phn mm ngun m

13

TM TT NHIM V KHOA HC V CNG NGH thc hin c cc mc tiu ra ca ti nhm nghin cu trin khai

cc nhim v sau: - Tm hiu thu thp ti liu, phn tch nh gi lp bng so snh u nhc im,

kh nng ng dng chuyn su ca cc phn mm 3D la chn cc phn mm 3D tiu biu da trn cc tiu ch:

+ Phn mm 3D c cc chuyn gia cng nhn v nh gi cao (ph lc 4) + Phn mm la chn phi thng dng ti Vit Nam (ph lc 5) + C ngun ti liu phong ph trn mng Internet, sch bo..., phn mm d s

dng c kh nng t hc v t nghin cu cho gio vin, ngi hng dn + C kh nng m phng c cc hot cnh phc tp ca ngnh Cng ngh Hn

nh: Dng c m hnh chi tit my, to hot cnh lin kt chuyn ng trong c cu my, c kh nng m phng c h quang hn, khi hn, ngn la hn, gc que hn, biu din c cc thng s k thut trong Cng ngh Hn...

- Kho st: c thc hin theo cc hng + Kho st tm hiu vic ng dng Cng ngh phn mm 3D phc v cho ngnh

Cng ngh Hn ti 6 trng TCN, CN, H + Kho st v iu kin trang thit b phc v ging dy ngnh Cng ngh Hn ti

cc trng ngh + Kho st ly kin trng cu i vi gio vin v hc sinh trong nh gi hiu

qu ging dy ngnh Cng ngh Hn khi ng dng phn mm 3D trong ging dy Vi trn 100 mu phiu kho st c thit k ph hp c tng hp, phn tch

nh gi theo hng ng dng ca ti. Nhm nghin cu tp hp kt qu kho st sau lp bng nh gi mt s tiu ch quan trng nhm tp trung nghin cu ng dng c trng tm trng im.

- Xy dng c s l thuyt: Nhm nghin cu phn mm ha 3D la chn hai phn mm ch yu l Solidworks v 3DS max kt hp vi l lun gio dc ngh nghip v thc tin tr thnh c s l thuyt ca ti.

- Nhm gip gio vin v ngi qun l, doanh nghip c th ng dng v s dng c cng ngh phn mm 3D vo ngnh Cng ngh Hn nhm la chn phn mm 3D theo cc tiu ch, nghin cu a phn hng dn s dng Solidworks v 3DS max (sn phm i km ti ) chnh xc khoa hc d hiu c tnh ng dng cao.

- Thc nghim: + Xy dng th vin m hnh phc v ngnh Cng ngh Hn + Xy dng th vin hot cnh c trch xut phn loi theo phng php Hn -

Bi hc - Ni dung Hn, to hiu qu ng dng. Ton b m hnh hot cnh c p dng th nghim ti Trng Cao ng Ngh

Kinh t K thut Vinatex, Trng Cao ng Cng nghip Nam nh, Cng ty TNHH Ph Thnh...

- Hi tho khoa hc xin kin ng gp ca cc doanh nghip, trng c o to ngnh Cng ngh Hn b sung d tho bo co tng kt ti.

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CHNG I: TNG QUAN TI LIU 1.1. Tnh hnh nghin cu trong v ngoi nc 1.1.1 Tnh hnh nghin cu ngoi nc. i vi cc nc pht trin: Lnh vc khoa hc cng ngh v ang t c

nhiu thnh tu ln, gim nh sc lao ng, tng nng sut lao ng. Cc nghin cu tp trung chnh trong ngnh gio dc v o to c u tin hng u, gn hot ng gio dc v o to trong nh trng vi thc t sn xut. Nhng pht minh i mi phng php ging dy v o to c p dng nhiu, p ng c nhu cu v ngun nhn lc ca cc doanh nghip.

Hin nay cc t chc, cng ty sn xut, ch to, cung ng thit b ca cc nc ny khi tin hnh cung cp sn phm vo Vit Nam u a ra cc hng dn s dng, bo dng sa cha bng cc hot cnh lm trn phn mm 3DS.Max, Solidworks. V d trung tm o to cng ngh ca Italia ng ti cc hot cnh m phng Hn 3D ti trang [email protected], www.youtobe.com hoc ca trung tm thng tin cng ngh Hn Nht Bn ti trang http://www.jwes.or.jp/en/ nhn thy ti cc trang truyn ti trn Intertnet cc bi hng dn phc v o to ngnh Cng ngh hn cn rt t, cc hot cnh cn n gin cha xc thc vi o to ngh Hn v sn xut ca nc ta.

Khoa hc cng ngh l nhn t quan trng thc y s pht trin ca mt quc gia. V vy pht trin nghin cu khoa hc cng ngh l ng lc thc y tng nng sut lao ng, gim chi ph sn xut.

1.1.2 Tnh hnh nghin cu trong nc Thc trng vic nghin cu khoa hc cng ngh ca ngnh gio dc nc ta cn

thp so vi cc nc trong khu vc v th gii. Cc ti nghin cu trong i mi gio dc v o to, cng ngh cn t v cha pht huy c hiu qu. Cha c ti no ng dng trit Cng ngh 3D h tr o to cho ngnh Cng ngh Hn.

Cng tc nghin cu v pht trin khoa hc cng ngh thc s cha c cc trng o to ngh quan tm ng mc, cn nhiu hn ch trong ngn sch v con ngi .

Cc trng o to ngh mun c s lin kt v h tr ca cc doanh nghip trong o to nhn lc, p ng c yu cu lao ng vic lm ca th trng.

Hin nay cc trng i hc, cao ng, dy ngh ca B cng thng u c o to ngh c kh v c bit l ngnh Cng ngh Hn. Tuy nhin cng ngh ging dy cn nhiu hn ch. Hu ht u ang s dng cc bn v, cc m hnh ct b t cc thit b c, hng tn dng hoc thit b tht lm gio c trc quan gy khng t kh khn cho qu trnh nhn thc ca ngi hc nht l khi gp cc thit b c kt cu phc tp, kch thc nh, chuyn ng phc tp hoc ging dy lu ng. Cc m hnh v hot cnh c xy dng trn cng ngh ho 3D s gp phn lm gim thiu nhng kh khn ny.Tuy nhin vic nghin cu ng dng cng ngh

15

ho 3D gp nhiu kh khn do iu kin c s vt cht, trnh tin hc ca i ng gio vin v.v..ca cc trng khng ng u.

1.2 C s l lun ca ti 1.2.1 Cng ngh v phn mm ha Solidworks - Phn mm SolidWorks l phn mm trc quan v cho php bn thit k cc

sn phm c kh ni ring v hnh khi ni chung tt nht bng cch cho php thit k theo nhm lm vic do s nhanh v mnh hn.

- Thit k phc ha s dng cc khi cho php bn thit k nhanh chng v x l tng phn c cu 2D trc khi to thnh 3D. To b mt (Surfacing), chp Capture v hiu chnh vi cc kh nng phc ha cao cp 3D.

- S dng cng c b mt dng t do Freeform "ko v y" - push and pull nhm iu khin cc im d dng v to kiu dng, cc b mt lin tc. To cc b mt phc tp vi cng c lofts v sweep c hng dn bng cc ng cong curvers, iu khin d dng vi cc im tuyn tnh v c im t sng to. Cc cng c khc nh Trim, extend, fillet, v knit lm vic vi c b mt.

1.2.2. Cng ngh v phn mm ha 3DS.Max - L mt ng dng ha y c im 3D c pht trin bi Autodesk

Media &Entertainment. N chy trn nn Win32bit v Win64bit. n thng 8 nm 2006, 3DS.Max pht trin phin bn th 11. 3DS. Max l mt trong nhng ng dng to hot hnh 3D rng ri nht. N c kh nng dng m hnh mnh m, mt tp hp cc plugin kin trc mm do v mt nn tng tng thch vi Microsoft Windows. Hu ht n c s dng cho vic pht trin game, cc chng trnh qung co v cc m hnh kin trc. N cng c s dng to cc hiu ng phim v thc ti o.

- Ngoi ra, vi cc cng c dng hnh v lm hot cnh, phin bn mi nht ca 3DS.Max cng c cc c im cao cp hn nh: To mi trng v phn b b mt, m phng ng - dynamic simulation, h thng ht - particle system, bn php tuyn - normal map. V cc b t bng, kit xut hnh nh - rendering mnh m. Ngoi ra vi cc thit k giao din khng ngng ci tin v ngn ng kch bn scripting language phc v cho vic lp trnh... c mt s b plugin render c thit k c th nhng vo phc v cho vic kit xut nh nh ca VRay, Brazil r/s v finalRender. Cc phin bn gn y yu cu vic ng k v cc tha thun s dng vi nh sn xut. C th thng qua email hoc fax.

- To cc hnh v 3 chiu , cc hnh v ny c th xut thnh cc hnh nh hai chiu s dng.

- To cc file chuyn ng t n gin n phc tp, c th xut thnh cc tp tin video (*avi,*.mpg, wmv) dng lm cc on phim hot hnh h tr cho cc trang web ng

Hai ng dng trn l 2 giai on chnh ca mt quy trnh lm vic vi 3DSmax. To hnh Gn vt liu Din hot Kt xut.

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1.2.3 L lun gio dc ngh nghip v thc tin Qu trnh nghin cu a Cng ngh phn mm 3D ng dng vo vic to m

hnh hot cnh phc v ngnh Cng ngh Hn thc cht gn lnh vc khoa hc gio dc k thut vi o to ngh nghip. Vn dng cc phng php gio dc hin i khc phc nhng ngc im trong gio dc truyn thng ti cc trng ngh v ti doanh nghip, nhm nghin cu bin chng tr thnh thc tin gio dc k nng ngh nghip. ti thnh cng, nhm nghin cu ti s dng tng hp cc phng php nghin cu theo m hnh sau:

c bit, trong ti s dng phng php m hnh ho. Trong gio dc k

thut ngh nghip c rt nhiu vn khng th trc tip nghin cu trn cc i tng c do i tng nghin cu qu phc tp v gp nhng kh khn khch quan. Thc t ti cc doanh nghip C kh do iu kin sn xut lin tc nn khng th lc no chng ta cng quan st c qu trnh vn hnh thit b, k thut Hn m ch yu da vo kinh nghim tch ly ngay c vi b phn k thut ti doanh nghip. Ch khi thit b vo chu k theo lch sa mi c dp quan st v c th c

Cc phng php nghin cu

Nghin cu iu tra -kinh nghim

- Quan st khoa hc + Nghin cu thc t

(ti cc trng ngh v cc doanh nghip C kh);

+ Phng vn, iu tra (Gio vin, Sinh vin Cn b cng nhn vin trong cc trng v doanh nghip);

- Tp hp cc thit b phc v ngnh Cng ngh Hn

(kinh nghim)

Nghin cu l lun

- Tng hp so snh u nhc im ca cc phn mm 3D nhm la chn phn mm ng dng hiu qu.

- Phn tch c s l lun gio dc ngh nghip v phn mm ho 3D(Solidworks v 3Dsmax)

- Tru tng ha

- M hnh ha

So snh lch s

- So snh cc loi thit b ca nhiu hng sn xut thit b Hn trn th gii;

- S k tha v lch s ch to t th s n hin i;

- La chn m phng v a vo th vin hnh nh.

17

mt s th nghim cho php. V vy s dng phng php m hnh ho cc thit b in hnh ngnh Cng ngh Hn l ht sc cn thit trong qu trnh nghin cu ti. Do phc tp ca kt cu bn trong cc thit b, chi tit my, vic s dng m hnh ho c ch bn trn phn mm ha 3D to ra tnh c th, tnh chn thc, tnh chnh xc cao, to iu kin cho ngi quan st phn tch c nguyn nhn v bin php khc phc cc sai hng thng gp trn thit b, gp phn nng cao nng sut v cht lng sn phm trong sn xut kinh doanh.

kim chng kt qu nghin cu ti, nhm nghin cu xy dng mt s m hnh hot cnh trc quan phc v cng tc o to, sn xut thc tin chuyn ngnh Cng ngh Hn. Sau cung cp sn phm cho cc cn b, gio vin mt s trng, cc doanh nghip C kh c s dng ngnh Cng ngh Hn tham kho v ng dng

Nh vy khi nghin cu cc tnh nng u vit ca cng ngh ho - 3D v cc yu t trong l lun gio dc ngh nghip kt hp vi thc tin, nhm nghin cu ti quyt nh la chn hai phm tr ny lm c s l lun trin khai nghin cu v xy dng ti. S tng ho ca mt cng ngh phn mm tin hc vi l lun gio dc ngh nghip v thc tin l s kt hp khoa hc c th to ra gi sn phm c ngha trong thc t gio dc ngh v cng tc sn xut ti cc doanh nghip.

18

CHNG II: THC NGHIM 2.1. Phn tch thc trng s dng cc phn mm tin hc trong ngnh Cng ngh Hn 2.1.1. Tnh hnh chung

Cng ngh Hn l mt trong nhng b phn quan trng trong cc doanh nghip, nht l doanh nghip C kh lp rp, ch to phc hi, ng thi l mt b phn nh trong ngnh C kh ca nc ta. Trong chin lc pht trin ngnh C kh Vit Nam n nm 2010, tm nhn n nm 2020, quyt nh ca Th tng Chnh ph k ngy 26 thng 12 nm 2002 ch r: . ngnh C kh l mt trong nhng ngnh cng nghip nn tng, c vai tr quan trng trong vic pht trin kinh t, cng c an ninh, quc phng ca t nc.

ng thi nh hng pht trin nh sau:

- Tp trung pht trin ngnh c kh mt cch c hiu qu, bn vng trn c s pht huy ni lc trong nc kt hp vi ngun lc bn ngoi. Khuyn khch cc thnh phn kinh t tham gia pht trin ngnh c kh mt cch c t chc, phn cng v hp tc hp l, ng thi tip tc i mi, sp xp pht trin v cng c doanh nghip nh nc v c kh mnh gi vai tr nng ct, l lc lng ch lc ca ngnh.

- Tp trung pht trin mt s chuyn ngnh, sn phm c kh trng im nhm khai thc, pht huy tt nht tim nng (ti nguyn, ngun nhn lc) p ng cc yu cu c bn ca cng cuc pht trin t nc.

- Tng cng nng lc t nghin cu, ch to, ng thi y mnh vic tip thu, ng dng khoa hc, cng ngh tin tin nhm t trnh cng ngh trung bnh tin tin ca Chu , to thm nhiu sn phm c kh c kh nng cnh tranh cao.

- Nng cao kh nng chuyn mn ha v hp tc ha, nng lc ca ngnh c kh, to tin pht trin cc ngnh cng nghip khc ca t nc.

- Nghin cu thit k, ch to cc mu my hin i (ng dng cng ngh PLC, CNC) v cc thit b gia cng c bit.

- y mnh chng trnh hin i ha theo hng in t - tin hc ha (CNC) dn my cng c hin c trong cc c s cng nghip.

19

2.1.2. Nhng hng chnh ng dng tin hc vo phc v ngnh Cng ngh Hn

- Hng th nht: Thc hin chng trnh ho cc phng php tnh ton kinh in ang c s dng bng cc phn mm ng dng. Khi thit k, chy chng trnh trn my tnh, nhp vo chng trnh nhng s liu cn thit c la chn, kt qu tnh ton c a ra giy v mn hnh.

- Hng th hai: Li dng kh nng tnh ton nhanh, chnh xc ca my tnh, thit lp cc bi ton lp rp theo nhng l thuyt chnh xc, lp chng trnh gii cc bi ton ny. Kt qu tnh ton thit k c chnh xc cao hn, tin cy hn so vi phng php tnh ton thit k theo truyn thng.

- Hng th ba: Li dng kh nng tnh ton nhanh ca my tnh, lp chng trnh tnh ton tt c cc phng n thit k c th c, sau chn ra phng n tt nht theo ch tiu ti u ca bi ton t ra.

- Hng th t: Gim nh cng sc lp cc bn v. S dng cc phn mm v v, lp chng trnh ng dng t ng v cc chi tit my, b phn my. Khi chy cc chng trnh ny, ch cn np s liu c chn t bn phm, hoc t a mm, my tnh s t ng hon thnh bn v v c th in ra giy s dng. C th lp bn v ch to chi tit my, bn v lp, bn v chung, thm ch c th t ng lp bn thuyt minh.

- Hng th nm: T ng ho qu trnh thit k. Lp phn mn hon chnh gii quyt tt c cc vn lin quan n mt chi tit my, mt b phn my. Khi chy chng trnh, ch cn nhp nhng s liu cn thit theo yu cu ca chng trnh. Kt qu nhn c l bn v hon chnh ca chi tit my hoc b phn my.

- Hng th su: Kt hp cc chng trnh tnh ton thit k v cc chng trnh iu khin qu trnh ch to, kim tra, to thnh mt h thng thit k - ch to t ng hon chnh.

2.1.3. Kho st la chn cc phn mm ho 3D ng dng trong xy dng m hnh hot cnh phc v ngnh Cng ngh Hn.

* Trong nhng nm gn y cng vi vic bng n ca CNTT c bit l s pht trin mnh ca ngnh cng ngh ho 3D. c rt nhiu cc phn mm ng dng trong ngnh c kh nh: Auto CAD, Solidwork, Pro-Engineer, Autodesk Inventer, Autodesk Mechanical Desktop, SolidWorks Edge, Master CAM, 3D

20

Studio.Max.Mi phn mm u c cc mt mnh, hng chuyn su ng dng khc nhau :

- ng dng CNTT trong thit k l vic to ra v x l cc mu thit k trn my vi tnh lnh vc CAD (Computer Aided Design) thit k c s tr gip ca my tnh cc phn mm thng dng AutoCAD, Solidwork, Pro-Engineer, Autodesk Inventer, Autodesk Mechanical Desktop , SolidWorks Edge, Catia....

- ng dng CNTT trong tnh ton v phn tch ti u: Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) cc phn mm thng dng Solidworks, Catia v ANSYS, Moldex3D, ProCAD...

- Vi lnh vc CAM (Computer Aided Manufacture) gia cng c s tr gip ca my tnh Pro/ENGINEER, NX (Unigraphic), Cimatron, MasterCAM,....

- Vi lnh vc CG (Computer Graphics) k thut ha vi tnh c cc phn mm 3DS.Max, Maya, Light Wave 3D, Blender...

Bng 1: NH GI XP HNG CC PHN MM CAD/CAM/CAE/CG/RP (ph lc 4)

y l bn nh gi xp hng cc phn mm CAD/CAM/CAE/CG/RP ca tp ch NIKKEI DESIGN, Japan (mt tp ch ni ting chuyn v nh gi cc phn mm 3D) trong nm 2006. Bng nh gi xp hng ny c b phiu bi 20 chuyn gia hng u v lnh vc CAD/CAM/CAE/CG/RP ca Nht tin cho chng ta c th tham kho trong vic chn phn mm hc tp.

Bng nh gi c xp hng bng phiu da trn cc tiu ch nh: S lng ngi s dng, s cp quyn c pht hnh trong nm 2005, chc nng cng nh tnh u vit ca software.

Bng 2: SO SNH CC PHN MM CAD/CAM/CAE THNG DNG TI VIT NAM NG DNG TRONG NGNH C KH (ph lc 5)

Qua hai bng so snh vi cc tiu ch nh + Phn mm 3D c cc chuyn gia cng nhn v nh gi cao (ph lc 4) + Phn mm la chn phi thng dng ti Vit Nam + C ngun ti liu phong ph trn mng Internet, sch bo..., phn mm d s

dng c kh nng t hc v nghin cu.... + C kh nng m phng c cc hot cnh phc tp ca ngnh Cng ngh Hn

nh: Dng c m hnh chi tit my, to hot cnh lin kt chuyn ng trong c cu my, c kh nng m phng c h quang hn, khi hn, ngn la hn, biu din c cc thng s k thut trong Cng ngh Hn....

Do tnh cht v c im trong o to ngnh Cng ngh Hn m bo vic m t nhng cu trc, nguyn l my, thao ng tc k thut... mt cc chnh xc nht cn c s kt hp nghin cu h tr ca nhiu phn mm 3D. Qua hai bng so

21

snh v cc tnh nng cng dng, cc u nhc im ca cc phn mm 3D thng dng ti Vit Nam. Nhn thy cn nghin cu tp trung vo hai phn mm l ha CAD/CAM vi phn mm Soliworks v ha CG vi phn mm 3DS max.

2.1.3.1 Phn mm Solidworks y l mt trong nhng sn phm ni ting ca hng Dassault systemn, bn cnh

mt sn phm ni ting khc ca hng ny l Catia. SolidWorks phn mm thit k ba chiu c s dng rt rng ri trong cc

lnh vc khc nhau nh xy dng, kin trc, c kh c s dng cc cng ngh mi nht v lnh vc ha my tnh. Phn mm SolidWorks do cng ty SolidWorks pht trin l mt trong nhng phn mm thit k uy tn nht trn th gii. Phn mm ny cho php ngi s dng xy dng cc m hnh chi tit 3D, lp rp chng li vi nhau thnh mt b phn my (my) hon chnh, kim tra ng hc, cung cp thng tin v vt liu

Phn mm SolidWorks cng cho php nhiu phn mm ng dng ni ting khc chy trc tip trn mi trng ca n. SolidWorks c th xut ra cc file d liu nh dng chun ngi s dng c th khai thc m hnh trong mi trng cc phn mm phn tch khc nh ANSYS, ADAMS, Pro-CastingTrc s pht trin ln mnh ca phn mm CAD SolidWorks, hin nay nhiu phn mm CAD/CAM vit thm cc modul nhn dng trc tip file d liu SolidWorks

* Chc nng CAD: Phn mm ny c u im l giao din p, thn thin, kh nng thit k nhanh hn cc phn mm khc rt nhiu nh vo s xp xp v b tr cc toolbar mt cch c h thng v hp l. Phn mm ny khng c nhiu modul nh Catia hay unigraphics vn l nhng phn mm ln thit k trong nhiu lnh vc nh t, hng khng, in t, Solidworks ch yu c dng trong c kh chnh xc, in t, t, thit k c kh, to khun, thit k kim loi tm ni chung, v cc chc nng ny th Solidworks t ra c khng thua km Catia, unigraphics thm ch cn hay hn v tt hn, bi l n ch chuyn v nhng lnh vc , cng vi ngi anh em Catia ca mnh, Solidworks tr thnh mt trong nhng phn mm ni ting th gii ca hng Dassault systemn.

* Chc nng CAM : dng c chc nng ny, chng ta phi s dng mt modul na ca solidworks l SolidCam. y l modul Cam ca Solid, n c tch ra bn ring, nu ai c iu kin th ti v dng th trn trang web: www.solidcam.com n chy ngay trn giao din ca solidworks, vic s dng ca SolidCam qu tht v cng thn thin, hn hn Mastercam v cc phn mm khc

22

v tnh d s dng. Vi cc tool ca SolidCam kh mnh v phong ph: Phay (2,5D, 3D, 5 trc...), Tin, Turn-Mill ...

* Chc nng CAE: C l y l mt u im ca hng sn xut, khi m h mua trn gi b phn mm phn tch cc k ni ting th gii l Cosmos tch hp v chy ngay trong mi trng ca solidworks bao gm: COSMOS Motion (m phng rt hay...), COSMOSWorks, COSMOSFloworks lm cho chc nng Phn tch ca Solid kh c th c phn mm khc so snh c c. Vi modul phn tch ca Solidworks l cosmos, chng ta c th thc hin c nhng bi phn tch v cng phc tp nhng rt hay, di y l lit k mt vi bi ton dng tnh vi cosmos:

- Phn tch tnh hc. - Phn tch ng hc . - Phn tch ng lc hc (bi ton phn tch ng sut khi c cu chuyn ng-

con ln di chuyn trn ray). - Phn tch dao ng. - Phn tch nhit hc. - Phn tch s va chm ca cc chi tit. - Phn tch thu kh ng hc ( thng qua bi ton phn tch lng nc chy

qua ci robine v b tr qut thng gi cho CPU my tnh nhm tn nhit tt hn). - Phn tch qu trnh rt kim loi lng vo khun v mc gia nhit cn thit

cho qu trnh . - M phng cnh tay Robot... Bn cnh nhng modul phn tch ny th Cosmos cn cho php thc hin

nhiu bi ton khc na. Ni chung l chng trnh tnh ton nhanh v cho php thc hin phn tch cm rt nhiu chi tit, vi cc thng s kt qu l: ng sut, sc cng, chuyn v, h s an ton kt cu

- Mold tools: Cc cng c gip cng vic thit k khun mu ca bn d dng hn rt nhiu.

- Phn mm Geaxtra cho php tnh ton bi tan v bnh rng, sau khi tnh ton chng ta c th sut sang Solidworks nh 1 part, rt thun thin cho thit k ch to cc cp bnh rng.

y l mt trong nhng phn mm d hc v trc quan nht c nhiu ti liu hng dn c th to dng c cc m hnh vt th kt cu v lin kt phc tp tru tng trong o to ngnh Cng ngh Hn.

23

2.1.3.2 Phn mm 3D Studio.Max + 3D Studio.Max l phn mm mnh ca hng Autodesk gip to ra v din

hot cc vt th 3 chiu, cho php thit t cc khung cnh m trong nh sng, bng , s phn chiu, hiu ng ma, sng m, la khi,c thit k khi cn thit...Ngoi ra vi cc cng c dng hnh v lm hot cnh, phin bn mi nht ca 3DS.Max cng c cc c im cao cp hn nh (to mi trng v phn b b mt), m phng ng hc - dynamic simulation, h thng ht - particle system, bn php tuyn - normal map... v cc b t bng, kit xut hnh nh - rendering mnh m. Ngoi ra vi cc thit k giao din khng ngng ci tin v ngn ng kch bn - scripting language phc v cho vic lp trnh... c mt s b plugin Render (m un phn mm kt xut ghp thm) kt xut hnh nh c thit k nh V-Ray, Brazil r/s v finalRender. V cui cng cho php xut ra di cc dng phim nh, cc m hnh thc t ort hu ch cho vic thit k cc bi ging vi cc hiu ng m phng hiu ng h quang, ngn la hn, s bn te kim loi...cc m hnh tnh ng to tnh chnh xc, trc quan v thm m cao trong ngnh Cng ngh Hn.

Vy: Vi s pht trin ln mnh ca ngnh C kh, tm quan trng ca ngnh Cng ngh Hn, vi thc trng ca nn gio dc nc ta hin nay v u vit ca cng ngh ho 3D c bit l hai phn mm Solidworks v 3D Studio.max. Cng vi s pht trin v p dng cng ngh mi trong cc trng ngh. Do , vic nghin cu ti Nghin cu ng dng cng ngh ho 3D vo h tr ging dy ngnh Cng ngh Hn. l yu cu cp thit ca thc t ca gio dc Vit Nam trong i mi v hi nhp.

* Kt lun

ng dng tin hc vo lnh vc C kh gii quyt c rt nhiu vn : Thit lp cc bn v, thit lp bn thuyt minh, tnh ton thit k cc chi tit my, b phn my vi chnh xc cao, thit lp cc chng trnh iu khin qu trnh gia cng, ch to h thng gia cng tch cc, t ng kim tra v iu chnh ch ct, thit k v sa cha thit b m bo nng sut cao v chnh xc gia cng rt cao. Tin hc v my tnh h tr pht huy ht kh nng vn c, thit k v ch to ra nhng sn phm c kh c cht lng cao, gi thnh thp. Mun tn dng c li th ny, ngoi kin thc chuyn mn v cng ngh ch to my cn hiu bit v tin hc v s dng thnh tho cc thit b in t trong h thng sn xut c kh hin i.

24

Qua kho st, mi phn mm tin hc c mt ng dng v th mnh ring. Tuy nhin nhm nghin cu cng nhn thy c mt hot cnh m phng sinh ng, cc chi tit my y cc thng s k thut vi mu sc vt liu xc thc, ph hp vi tnh cht v c im trong o to ngnh Cng ngh Hn m bo vic m t nhng cu trc, nguyn l my, thao ng tc k thut.... mt cch chnh xc nht cn c s kt hp nghin cu h tr ca nhiu phn mm 3D. Qua hai bng so snh v cc tnh nng cng dng, cc u nhc im ca cc phn mm 3D thng dng ti Vit Nam. Nhn thy cn nghin cu tp trung vo hai phn mm l ha CAD/CAM vi phn mm Soliworks v ha CG vi phn mm 3DS max.

Hn na sau khi c ng gi di dng cc file. avi, file. mpeg, file. swf, file.exe, cng ngh ho 3D cho php xut hnh nh tng thch vi h iu hnh Microsoft Windows rt ph bin trn cc my tnh.

25

2.2 Kho st thit b v dng c ti cc trng dy ngh v doanh nghip phc v qu trnh nghin cu. Trong ngnh C kh ni chung v ngnh Cng ngh hn ni ring s lng thit

b v dng c rt phong ph v a dng. V vy phi phn tch la chn cc thit b thng dng in hnh phc v cho k thut m hnh ha bng k thut 3D.

Kho st ti trng Cao ng ngh Kinh t - K thut Vinatex, do vic u t cc my Hn cng ngh cao rt tn km nn vic s dng cc my tht ct b lm m hnh ging dy v gii thiu thit b rt hn ch. Tuy nhin nh trng cng trang b rt nhiu h thng my Hn, kt hp m ra m hnh va thc nghim sn xut va o to cng nhn, k thut vin, th Hn bc cao. Cc thit b, m hnh c trang b c th nh sau:

2.2.1 Hn h quang tay

2.2.1.1 Hn h quang tay my hn xoay chiu My hn xoay chiu c rt nhiu loi, hin nay dng ph bin cc loi sau: - My hn xoay chiu c b t cm mc ring - My hn xoay chiu c b t cm mc kt hp - My hn xoay chiu c li thp di ng v cun dy th cp chia lm nhiu

phn. - My hn xoay chiu c ngun chuyn ng - My hn xoay chiu c cun dy chuyn ng Dng cung cp dng in cho h quang in trong qu trnh hn my hn c 2

loi (dng in hn xoay chiu, dng in hn mt chiu) * Nhc im

Cn iu chnh dng in hn

u mt

u ni que hn

Hot ng

26

- Khng thch hp hn in cc Baz. - Khi hn di nguy c in tng cao ch cho php in p khng ti cao nht l

48( V) do tnh cht hn v d nh chm h quang c th s b km i. - c kt ni nguyn tc mt pha mng do chu ti khng ng u

mng. * u im: - Khng c tc ng thi. - n gin v phn ch to vng chc - Gi thnh hp l B iu khin iu chnh dng c ch to n gin v c th c hnh

thnh hai dng. Thng qua vic iu chnh li bng tay quay Thng qua cc cun dy trong bin p hn bng cng tc nc bc

2.2.1.2 Hn h quang tay my hn mt chiu. - Hnh dng ca my hn mt chiu

- Da vo cu to v nguyn l tc dng ngi ta chia my hn 1 chiu thnh cc

kiu sau: + My hn 1 chiu c cun kch thch c lp + My hn 1 chiu c cun kch thch mc song song v cun kh t mc ni

tip. + My hn 1 chiu t trng ngang + My hn 1 chiu c cc cc t lp ri. - Ngi ta thng dng ph bin cc loi my hn 1 chiu cc cc cc t lp ri

nh: CMTC. 300 v CG. 300M ca Lin X, hay loi AT. 320 ca Trung Quc.

27

2.2.2. Hn MIG - MAG 2.2.2.1 c im ca phng php hn Mig-Mag

- Hn MIG/ MAG l qu trnh hn h quang bng in cc nng chy trong mi trng kh bo v. Nhit h quang lm nng chy dy hn v vt liu c bn to thnh b hn. B hn kt tinh to thnh mi hn.

- Hn MIG/ MAG k hiu chung : - GMAG (Gas metal arc welding). - Khi hn bng kh hot tnh gi l hn MAG (metal active welding). - Khi hn bng kh tr gi l hn MIG (metal inert welding).

2.2.2.2 u nhc im phng php hn MAG, MIG + u im ca MAG, MIG - Tit kim kim loi in cc. - C th hn c vt liu c chiu dy nh S >= 1 mm - T l kim loi kt tinh cao. - Kim loi kt tinh lin tc trong ng hn di khng phi ni que hn. - Khng phi g x hn, t phi lm sch mi hn sau khi hn . - Nng sut hn gp hn 2,5 ln so vi hn h quang tay. - Cht lng mi hn cao. Sn phm hn t b cong vnh do tc hn cao,

ngun nhit tp trung, hiu sut s dng nhit ln, vng nh hng nhit hp. - iu kin lao ng tt hn, sch s hn - Trong qu trnh hn khi hn gim, t pht sinh kh c.

+ Nhc im MIG, MAG - H quang hn phi c bo v trnh gi. - Nhit bc x v cng h quang cao hn so vi hn h quang tay 2.2.3. My hn TIG

2.2.3.1 Thc cht Hn TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) l qu trnh hn bng in cc khng nng

chy Vonfram trong mi trng kh tr bo v. Kh tr Ar, He hoc Ar + He c tc dng ngn cn nhng tc ng c hi ca xy v nit trong khng kh v n nh h quang.

Vng h quang c nhit rt cao, c th t ti 61000C. Kim loi mi hn c th ch do kim loi vt hn to nn (khi hn lin kt gp mp) hoc c b sung t kim loi ph. Ton b vng hn c bao bc bi kh tr thi ra t chp kh.

2.2.3.2 c im : Phng php hn TIG c mt s c im sau : - To ra mi hn c cht lng cao i vi hu ht kim loi v hp kim. - Mi hn khng phi lm sch sau khi hn. - H quang v vng hn c th quan st c trong khi hn. - Khng c hin tng bn te kim loi khi hn.

28

- C th hn mi v tr trong khng gian. - Nhit tp trung cao cho php tng tc hn, gim bin dng. - Km kinh t so vi hn h quang in cc nng chy khi hn cc tm dy

hn 10mm. - Kh bo v vng hn trong mi trng c gi.

- C th t ng ha khi hn. 2.2.3.3 Phm vi s dng :

Hn TIG c p dng trong nhiu lnh vc sn xut, c bit rt thch hp trong hn thp hp kim cao, kim loi mu v hp kim ca chng.

2.2.4. Hn kh 2.2.4.1. Thc cht

Hn kh l phng php hn nng chy, thc hin qu trnh hn bng cch dng nhit ca phn ng gia kh chy vi O2 (C2H2 , C3H8 , vi O2) lm nng chy que hn v vt hn, sau khi kim loi nng chy t kt tinh hnh thnh mi hn.

2.2.4.2. c im. Thit b hn n gin, r tin nhng nng sut hn thp v lin kt hn bin

dng nhiu, ch s dng hn cc vt hn mng v ni cc ng kim loi mu c ng knh nh.

2.2.4.3 Phm vi s dng. Hn kh dng hn cc loi thp c chiu dy s 5 mm, cc kim loi mu, cc

kim loi yu cu nung nng t v ngui chm nh: Thp dng c ; Cc kim loi yu cu cn nung nng s b nh gang v mt s thp c bit. Ngoi ra n cn s dng hn vy hp kim cng

2.3. Tng hp phn tch cc k thut Hn phc v qu trnh nghin cu Phn xy dng m hnh thit b v dng c Hn vi cc chi tit c lp ghp

hon chnh c hng dn c th ti CD sn phm km theo. Ni dung chng ny cho thy phn mm 3D Studio.max c th ng dng hiu qu trong to hot cnh th hin cc thao tc k thut kh khi quan st v tng tng trong thc t.

2.3.1. Cc thao tc k thut chnh trong Cng ngh Hn

2.3.1.1Cc chuyn ng chnh ca que hn trong k thut Hn c bn

- Cc hng chuyn ng c bn ca que hn gm:

+ Chuyn ng dc trc que hn. + Chuyn ng dc trc mi hn + Chuyn ng dao ng ngang que hn.

1

2

3

Hnh 2.1. Cc hng chuyn

29

100

150

5

15

5

5

15

be

S

2.3.1.2 Chuyn ng dc trc que hn: (Chuyn ng s 1) - Que hn chuyn ng tnh tin theo trc ca n vi tc ph hp vi tc

nng chy ca n to ra chiu di h quang khng i trong sut qu trnh hn v duy tr h quang chy n nh.

2.3.1.3 Chuyn ng dc trc mi hn: (Chuyn ng s 2) - Que hn chuyn ng theo chiu ny hn ht chiu di ca mi hn, mun

m bo cht lng ca mi hn cn phi c gc ph hp. 2.3.1.4 Chuyn ng dao ng ngang que hn: (Chuyn ng s 3)

- to ra chiu rng ca mi hn, m bo b rng theo yu cu. - Tu theo tng v tr hn, hay theo yu cu ca bn v th hn c mi hn ph

hp. 2.3.1.5 nh hung ca cc chuyn ng ti vic hnh thnh mi hn?.

* Chuyn ng dc trc que hn: (Chuyn ng s 1) nh hng n u v mn ca mi hn * Chuyn ng dc trc mi hn: (Chuyn ng s 2) nh hng n chiu cao mi hn * Chuyn ng dao ng ngang que hn:(Chuyn ng s 3) 2.3.2. Hn gip mi khng vt cnh v tr hn bng (1G)

2.3.2.1 nh phi: (Hnh 2.2) + Mi nh phi m bo bn + nh xong g sch x, nn thng, phng ri t ln g kp cht v tr hn

bng.

2.3.2.2 Gc que hn (Hnh 2.3)

Hnh 2.2. V tr v kch thc khi nh phi v tr Hn 1G

Hnh 2.3. Gc que Hn v tr Hn 1G

30

2.3.2.3 Chuyn ng c tay - C tay iu chnh u que hn lun dao ng xung quanh mt phng i qua trc

ng hn v vung gc vi mt phng phi. - Chuyn ng ca c tay nhm iu chnh khng ch b rng mi hn

+ Hnh rng ca + Hnh bn nguyt 2.3.2.4 Chuyn ng cnh tay.

Cnh tay chuyn ng theo hng hn t tri sang phi i vi phng php hn phi, hn t phi qua tri i vi phng php hn tri.

- Chuyn ng ca cch tay thc hin hng hn v iu chnh vn tc hn nhanh hay hn chm

2.3.3. Hn v tr hn ng (Hn leo) (3G) 2.3.3.1 Gc que hn (Hnh 2.4)

Gc gia mt phng trc que Hn vi mt phng cha trc

ng Hn : = ( 70 80 ) 0 Gc mt phng cha trc ng hn v mt phng phi = 900

2.3.3.2 Chuyn ng c tay - C tay iu chnh u que hn lun dao ng xung quanh mt phng i qua trc

ng hn v vung gc vi mt phng phi. - Chuyn ng ca c tay nhm iu chnh khng ch b rng mi hn

5-6

2-3

5-6

2-3

H

ng

h

n

5

2 3

H

ng

h

n

5

2

Hnh 2.4. Gc que Hn v tr Hn 3G

31

Nhanh

ChmChm

13 2

45

B rng thao tc

B rng mi hn

1

2

3

10 ~ 20

Tng i nhanh

1~2

Hng hn

90

60-80

Dao ng hnh rng ca Dao ng hnh bn nguyt

Thao tc ni que hn (Hnh 2.5)

2.3.3.3 Chuyn ng cnh tay.

Cnh tay chuyn ng theo hng hn t di ln trn. - Chuyn ng ca cch tay thc hin hng hn v iu chnh vn tc hn

nhanh hay hn chm 2.3.4. Hn v tr hn ngang (2G)

2.3.4.1 Gc que hn (Hnh 2.6)

3.2.4.2 Chuyn ng c tay - C tay iu chnh u que hn lun dao ng theo hnh vng trn lch. - Chuyn ng ca c tay nhm iu chnh khng ch b rng mi hn.

Hnh 2.5. Thao tc ni que trong Hn 3G

Hnh 2.6. Gc que Hn 2G

32

pHNG PHP VNG TRN LCH

pHNG PHP VNG TRN LCH

2.3.4.3 Chuyn ng cnh tay. Cnh tay chuyn ng theo hng hn t tri sang phi hoc t phi sang tri. - Chuyn ng ca cch tay thc hin hng hn v iu chnh vn tc hn

nhanh hay hn chm 2.3.5. Hn v tr hn trn ( 4G)

2.3.5.1 Gc que hn

Gc que hn trong hn trn gip mi khng vt cnh =90 , =7585

2.3.5.2 Chuyn ng c tay - C tay iu chnh u que hn lun dao ng theo hnh vng trn lch - Chuyn ng ca c tay nhm iu chnh khng ch b rng mi hn

2.3.5.3 Chuyn ng cnh tay.

- Cnh tay chuyn ng theo hng hn t tri sang phi hoc t phi sang tri. - Chuyn ng ca cch tay thc hin hng hn v iu chnh vn tc hn

nhanh hay hn chm 2.3.6. Hn gc v tr hn bng (1F)

Hnh 2.7. Dao ng que trong Hn 2G

Hnh 2.8. Gc que trong Hn 4G

Hnh 2.9. Gc que trong Hn 1F

33

60-80

45

2.3.6.1 nh phi: (Hnh 2.10)

+ Mi nh phi m bo bn + nh xong g sch x, nn thng, phng ri a ln g kp cht v tr hn

bng.

2.3.6.2 K thut hn gc: (Hnh 2.11) - Dng c tay iu chnh

u que hn dao ng theo hnh vng trn lch

2.3.6.3 Gc que hn

+ Gc hp bi que hn vi mt phng phi cn hn l 450 + Gc hp bi que hn vi trc ca mi hn t 600 800. - Phng php dao ng que hn theo vng trn lch hoc ng thng

2.3.6.4 Hn mi hn chng, -Gc que hn - Cch dao ng que hn - Chuyn ng thng 2.3.7. Hn v tr hn leo (3F)

2.3.7.1 Cch dao ng que hn Khi hn leo gc dao ng que hn theo hnh tam gic nh (hnh 2.12)

Hnh 2.10. V tr nh phi que trong Hn 1F

Hnh 2.11. V tr nh phi que trong Hn 1F

34

2.3.7.2 Gc que hn - Gc = 450 gc = 750-850 - C tay dao ng theo hnh tam gic, cnh tay chuyn ng t di ln trn 2.3.8. Hn v tr hn ngang (2F)

2.3.8.1 Gc que hn: (Hnh 2.13)

: L gc hp bi trc ng hn v trc que hn. = 750 85o : L gc to bi mt phng i qua trc ng hn, trc que hn vi mt phng

phi. = 45o



Hnh 2.12. Dao ng que hn trong Hn 3F

35

2.3.8.2 Phng php dao ng que hn: Rng ca Bn nguyt ng thng 2.3.9 . Hn v tr hn trn (4F) - Mi h quang ti v tr u ca ng hn.Chuyn ng que hn theo ng

thng hoc dao ng theo cc phng php nh hnh v - Gc nghing ca que hn so vi trc ng hn theo hng hn t 600750 v

que hn nm trong mt phng phn gic ca gc hn. Hnh 2.14 - Sau khi hn ht mt que hn ch cho x hn chuyn sang mu en g sch x

cui ng hn mt khong 1015m m ri mi hn tip. - Khi kt thc ng hn khng ngt h. - Quang ngay m dng h quang ngt qung lp y rnh h quang. Sau khi hn xong ng hn th nht, dng km rn cp phi, tho phi ra khi

g, quay phi hn 180o g phi hn tip ng hn th hai pha i din Tng t ng hn th nht. Lin kt gc sau khi hn, c lm sch v kim tra

Hnh 2.14. Gc que v dao ng trong Hn 4F

6

2 - 3

36

CHNG 3: KT QU V BNH LUN

3.1. Kt qu kho st Kt qu kho st trn 100 phiu (ph lc 1)v ng dng phn mm 3D (Autocad,

Solidwork, 3D studio Max ) m phng qu trnh hn. Phc v cng tc ging dy ti cc trng Trung cp ngh, Cao ng v i hc mt s tiu ch cho kt qu nh sau: + 52% lm mu trc tip. + 42% chp hnh quay phim. + 1% s dng m hnh. + 5% m phng trn my tnh. Thc trng cc trng c ng dng cc phn mm 3D + 87% phiu kho st cho thy ti c quan c ng dng phn mm 3D (Autocad, Solidwork, 3D studio Max) phc v cng tc ging dy. Cc phn mm 3D c th ng dng hiu qu cho ngnh Hn 7% phiu cho Autocad 41% phiu cho Solidwork 82% phiu cho 3D studio Max + Kh nng s dng phn mm phn mm 3D chim 51%-70% s lng CBGV ca khoa C kh trong c: 51% v n gin 47% v m phng 2% lp trnh chuyn su

* Kt lun Vi cc kt qu trn ta thy vic s dng hnh thc lm mu trc tip chim

i a s trong o to ti cc trng ngh. iu s gy rt nhiu kh khn cho hc sinh theo di cc thao ng tc k thut v phi theo di qua knh hn v khi c ngn la hn, khng quan st c cch dao ng v di chuyn ca que hn. Hn th na phng php ny s tn tht ln v mt kinh t v mua phi liu v que hn, in...

+ Vic quay phim chp hnh khng trc quan v hnh nh khng r nt do ngn la h quang gy ra.

T thc trng trn ta thy vic ng dng phn mm 3D Studio Max trong xy dng m hnh hot cnh l rt cn thit v rt hiu qu cho gio vin v hc sinh trong qu trnh truyn th kin thc.

37

3.2 Sn phm ca ti 3.2.1. Hng dn s dng phn mm 3DS max v Solidworks (c sn phm

km theo - Ph lc 6) 3.2.2 Th vin m hnh

3.2.2.1 ng dng phn mm 3DS.Max xy dng m hnh phc v ngnh Cng ngh Hn.

Xy dng m hnh thit b Hn a/ Hn l qu trnh cng ngh sn xut cc kt cu khng tho c t kim loi,

hp kim v cc vt liu khc... Bng s hn nng chy c th lin kt c hu ht cc kim loi v hp kim vi

chiu dy bt k. C th hn cc kim loi v hp kim khng ng nht. b/ u nhc im ca hn. u im: - Hn l qu trnh cng ngh c ng dng rng ri ch to v phc hi cc

kt cu v chi tit. Tnh u vit bao gm: Tiu tn t kim loi, gim chi ph lao ng, n gin thit b, rt ngn thi gian

sn xut. Nhc im: - Trong qu trnh hn xy ra s bay hi v oxi ho mt s nguyn t, s hp th

v ho tan cht kh ca b kim loi cng nh nhng thay i ca vng nhit hng nhit. Kt qu thnh phn v cu trc ca mi hn khc vi kim loi c bn. Cc bin dng ca kt gy bi ng sut d c th lm sai lch kch thc v hnh dng ca n v hng ti bn ca mi ghp.

Dng c thit b Hn h quang tay gm c: My hn h quang tay, bn gh hn, g hn, knh hn, ba ngui, bn chi st, ba g x, da...

A. Xy dng m hnh thit b my Hn h quang tay xoay chiu - To dy hn ni mt Trn mt Front click chn Vo menu chn hnh Shapes/Line v click cc im

to ng thng. Click chut phi chn Edittable Mesh/Vertex.Vi cc cng c Select and Move v di chuyn cc im ln xung.

Trn mt cnh Left vo menu chn hnh Shapes/Circle v ng trn c R=0.4. S dng cng c Select and Move sao cho ng thng Line nm gia ngtrn. (Hnh 3.1)

Vo menu Geometry/Compound Object/Loft, ti Get Path click chn ngdn Line ti Get Shape bin dng l ng trn Circle.

- Tng t nh vy to ng dy in ni t cu giao vo my hn. Chn vliu cao su cho dy in. Nhn F9 xem trc dng Render v lu li

38

Hnh 3.1 M hnh my hn h quang tay B. Xy dng m hnh my Hn Tig

Hnh 3.2 To m hnh mt thn trn v bnh xe my hn Tig

1. Xy dng m hnh thn trn vbnh xe my hn Tig

- To thn trn Click chut chn cng c Select and

Move v nhn phm Shift nhn bn mhnh mt di thnh mt trn (Hnh 3.2)

Ti khung nhn Front To khi hp Box c kch thc Length=30; Width=30; Height=25; Length Segs=4;

To l khot thnh thn trn Dng cng c Select and Move di

chuyn sao cho khi Box ct thn trn sau gi phm Shift nhn bn thnh 2 khi

Vo menu Geometry/CompoundObject/ProBoolean/

39

Hnh 3.3 To m hnh np trn

Suctration (lnh tr khi) /Pick Operand B click lin tc chn 2 khi Box to lkhot thnh thn trn.

To bnh xe Vo menu Geometry/Standard

Primitives/Cylinder. To m hnh cho bnh xe To 2 khi tr trn ng tm c kch

thc Radius1 =15;Height1 =5; Radius2 =5; Height2 =15; Hight Segments=12;

Cap Segments=10; Sides=18. (Hnh 3.2 ).

To m hnh ni cho bnh xe Vo menu chn hnh Shapes/Line to

ng thng v Arc to cung trn nh hnh bn to cng dng cho bnh xe. S dng lnh Etrude vi chiu cao Amound = 5 v Select and Move to thnh 4bnh xe.

Hnh 3.4 To cnh qut gi.

2. To qut thng gi cho m hnh my hn Tig

- To vng vin pha ngoi Chn lnh Geometry/Extended

Primitives/Tubo (v hnh vnh khn) c kch thc

Radius1 =20 Radius2 =18 Height=2;Hight Segments=5;Cap Segments=1; Fillet =0.1

S dng lnh Select and Move nhn bn thnh 3 vnh khn ng tm.

S dng lnh Edit hiu chnh hnh vnh khn gia c Radius1 =18 Radius2 =17 Height=12 ;Hight Segments=5; Cap Segments=1; Fillet =0.1 (Hnh 3.3)

- To tm qut thng gi Vo Geometry /Extended

Primitives/Chamfer Cylinder (v hnh tr ) v 2 hnh tr c kch thc

Cylinder1:Radius1 =6 Height=12 ;Hight Segments=5;Cap Segments=1; Fillet =0.1

Cylinder1:Radius2 =8 Height=12 ;Hight

40

Segments=5; Cap Segments=1; Fillet =0.1 To cnh qut thng gi Vo Geometry /Extended

Primitives/Chamfer Box Length=12;Width=6; Height=0.2. Length Segs=1; Width Segs=1; Height

Segs=1; Fillet=0.5 To gc nghing cho cnh qut Vo Edit p php hiu chnh Twist (to

gc xon cho 1 cnh qut) nhp gc xon Angle = 450 theo phng Z.

To phn b cho nhiu cnh qut Vo Tool/Array Chn 1D, Count =14 (s lng cnh)

41

Hnh 3.5 To my bin p hn

3. To bin p hn. - To thn bin p. Ti khung nhn Left vo menu chn hnh

Shapes/Rectangle v 2 hnh ch nht ngtm c kch thc.

Rectangle1 c Length=42;Width=40 Rectangle2 c Length=22;Width=20 - To chiu dy cho thn bin p. Vo menu Edit /Etrude c chiu cao 18 - To cun s cp Ti khung nhn Top vo Shapes/Helix

(to vng xon l xo) nhp cc thng s Radius1=9, Radius2=9, Height = 19

Turns = 10 To dy cho cun s cp ti khung

nhn Left v HCN c kch thc c Length=3;Width=2

Vo menu Geometry/Compound Object/Loft, ti Get Path click chn ngdn Helix ti Get Shape bin dng l HCN Rectangle.

- To cun th cp S dng lnh Select and Move nhn

bn thm 1 cun thc cp hiu chnh ccthng s vi Turns = 5

S dng lnh Select and Scale hiuchnh cun dy. (Hnh 3.5)

Hnh 3.6 To khi bng lnh Etrude

4. To linh kin in t m phng c cu to bn trong ca

my hn Mig gm c rt nhiu mch int. Phng php thng dng ta thngdng phng php p nh Map

Chn Geometry/Standard Primitives/Plane To mt mt phng Plane p nh map

Bt bng bin tp vt liu Material click cn trng chn Bitmap v la chn Map (Hnh 3.6) v p nh vi lnh Asiign Material Selection p nh Map

42

Hnh 3.7 To dy mt, u ni dy hn

5. To dy mt, u ni dy hn - To thn u ni Vo Geometry /Extended

Primitives/Chamfer Cylinder (v hnh tr) v 2 hnh tr ng tm c kch thc



To ren u ni Ti khung nhn Front vo lnh Geometry

/Extended Primitives/Hose iu chnh ccthng s sau

Diameter = 3.5, Cycler = 6, Hieght=2 S dng cng c Select and Move di

chuyn ln u ca thn sao cho cc vngren bao trm kn ngoi ca thn

To ai c vn Vo menu Shapes/Ngon iu chnh cc

thng s sau: (Hnh 3.7) Radiur = 4(ng knh ngoi), Sider=6

(S cnh ca ai c), To chiu dy cho ai c. Vo lnh Edit/Extrude to dy cho ch vi thng s Amount = 2.

Nhn bn thnh cc ai c vn khc S dng cng c Select and Move v

Select and Scale nhn bn thnh 3 ntvn khc nhau v kch thc v v tr.

To dy mat v dy in iu khin Tng t vic to ng dy din vo

my Hn tay s dng lnh Loft.

43

Hnh 3.8 To m hnh chai kh

6. To m hnh chai kh hn Tig - To thn chai kh Vo Geometry /Extended

Primitives/Chamfer v hnh tr c kch thc

Cylinder:Radius1=15 Height=140;HightSegments=10;Cap Segments=1; Fillet =1

Hiu chnh thn chai kh Click chut phi chn Edittable

Mesh/Vertex. Vi cc cng c Select and Move v Select and Uniform Scale to bin dng hnh cn cho chai kh. VoMeterial p vt liu Metal cho chai kh(Hnh 3.8 ) Nhn F9 xem kt qu v lu li.

Hnh 3.9 Gn ng h o p vo chai kh

7. Thm m hnh h bo p xutkh vo chai kh hn Tig

- To thn ng h Vo Geometry /Extended

Primitives/Chamfer Cylinder v hnh trc kch thc

Cylinder:Radius1=4;Height=2;HightSegments=4;Cap Segments=1; Fillet =0.5

Click chut phi vo Chamfer Cylinderchn Edittable Mesh/Polygon chn b mttrc khi di chuyn xung lnh Bevel chn kiu Group nhp Height =0.5, Ouline Aumoun =0.5.

p nh map ng h Bt bng bin tp vt liu Material click

cn trng chn Bitmap v la chn Map (Hnh 3.9) v p nh vi lnh Asiign Material Selection

To ai c hm ng h Vi cc cng c Select and Move v

Select and Uniform Scale to bin dng hnh cn cho ng o lu lng kh

44

Hnh 3.10 To cn m hn Tig

8. To m hnh cn m hn Tig - To thn m hn Vo Geometry /Extended

Primitives/Chamfer Cylinder v 2 hnhtr c kch thc



Hiu chnh cn m hn S dng cng c Select and Move v

Select and Rotate di chuyn v xoay khi Cylinder2 mt gc nht nh nh

(Hnh 3.10) Click chut phi vo Cylinder1 chn

Edittable Mesh/Polygon chn b mt trckhi. S dng cng c Select and Move vSelect and Scale to bin dng hnh cn cho thn.

Hnh 3.11 To chp in cc m hn Tig

9. To chp kh m hn Tig - To thn chp kh Vo Geometry /Extended


Cylinder :Radius1 =3 Height=5 Hight Segments=3;Cap Segments=1; Fillet =0.5

Hiu chnh thn chp kh Click chut phi vo Cylinder chn

Edittable Mesh/Polygon. S dng cng c Select and Move v Select and Scale di chuyn v thu nh to dng cn cho thn

chp kh nh (Hnh 3.11 )

45

10. p vt liu cho m hn Tig M bng vt liu Meterial (bm phm M) chn Get Meterial bm chn Mtl

Libraly/Vew Large Icons ko thanh trt bn tri chn vt liu Reflection_Chrorl.

hnh qu cu mu ng. p vt liu click v gi chut tri vo qu cu vt liu ko ti phn thn m hn

chut khi phn chi tit ny chuyn mu ti. Bm F9 xem kt qu. Sau tin hnh p vt liu Metal_Dark_Gold cho phn ai bo v.

Nhn F9 xem kt qu v lu file. (Hnh 3.12)

Hnh 3.12 p vt liu cho m hnh my hn Tig C. Xy dng m hnh my Hn kh (Hn Oxy-Acetylen)

46

Hnh 3.13 To m hnh trc bnh xe vn chuyn

1. Xy dng m hnh b trc bnh xe vn chuyn

- To trc chnh ca xe Vo menu Geometry/Standard

Primitives/Cylinder. To 3 khi tr trn ng tm c kch

thc Radius1 =10;Height1 =500; Radius2 =12; Height2 =50; Hight Segments2=12;

Radius3 =12; Height3 =50; Hight Segments3=12;

Cap Segments3=10; Sides3=18. Click chut chn cng c Select and

Move di chuyn khi tr 2 v 3 lmngng trc

To bnh gia vn chuyn Vo menu Geometry/Standard

Primitives/Cylinder. To 2 khi tr trn ng tm c kch

thc Radius1 =15;Height1 =5; Cap Segments=10; Sides=18. S dng cng cSelect and Move di chuyn vo v trnh (Hnh 3.13)

To bnh pha sau To 2 khi tr trn ng tm c kch


Cap Segments=10; Sides=18.

Hnh 3.14 To m hnh chai kh Oxy-Acetylen

2. Xy dng m hnh chai kh Oxy-Acetylen

- To thn chai kh Oxy Vo Geometry /Extended

Primitives/Chamfer v hnh tr c kch thc

Cylinder:Radius1 =15 Height=140 ;HightSegments=10;Cap Segments=1; Fillet =1

Hiu chnh thn chai kh Oxy Click chut phi chn Edittable

Mesh/Vertex.Vi cc cng c Select and Move v Select and Uniform Scale to bin dng hnh cn cho chai kh.

To chai kh Acetylen Click chut chn cng c Select and

Move v nhn phm Shift nhn bn mhnh. S dng cng c c Select and

47

Scale thu nh m hnh chai kh Oxy thnh chai kh Acetylen.

Nhn F9 xem kt qu v lu li. 3. Lp rp v p vt liu cho b hn kh M bng vt liu Meterial (bm phm M) chn Get Meterial bm chn Mtl

Libraly/Vew Large Icons ko thanh trt bn tri chn vt liu Reflection_Chrorl. hnh qu cu mu ng van o p sut, van iu khin lu lng kh. p vt liu click v gi chut tri vo qu cu vt liu ko ti phn thn m hn

chut khi phn chi tit ny chuyn mu ti. Bm F9 xem kt qu. Sau tin hnh p vt liu Metal_Dark_Gold cho phn ai bo v. (Hnh 3.15)

Hnh 3.15 Lp rp v p vt liu cho b hn kh. D. Xy dng m hnh my Hn Mig Mag

48

Hnh 3.16 To m hnh thn my hn Mig-Mag

1. Xy dng m hnh thn my hnMig-Mag

Chn khung hnh Top vo menuGeometry/Standard Primitives/ Box.

To thn my hn To khi Box trn khung nhn Top c

kch thc: Length=120;Width=120;Height=120. Length Segs=1; Width Segs=1; Height Segs=1; (Hnh 3.16 )

Hnh 3.17 To m hnh np trn v bulon vn chuyn

2. Xy dng m hnh np trn vbulon vn chuyn

- To np trn my hn Vo menu Geometry/Standard

Primitives/ Box To khi Box trn khung nhn Top c

kch thc: Length=140;Width=140;Height=8. Length Segs=1; Width Segs=1; Height Segs=1; To bulon vn chuyn Vo menu Geometry/Standard

Primitives/Cylinder. To khi tr trn ng tm c kch

thc Radius =5;Height =10; Cap Segments=10; Sides=18.

Vo menu Geometry/Standard Primitives/ Tubo. Radius1 =1, Radius2=2

S dng cng c Select and Move di chuyn vo v tr trn nh ca hnh trbn nhn bn thnh 4 bulon vng ti 4 gc(Hnh 3.17)

Lu li vi tn mayhanmig.max

49

Hnh 3.18 To m hnh bnh xe vn chuyn

3. Xy dng m hnh b bnh xe vnchuyn

To bnh xe To 2 khi tr trn ng tm c kch


Cap Segments=10; Sides=18. (Hnh 3.18 ). To m hnh p nng cho bnh xe Vo menu chn hnh Shapes/Line to

ng thng v Arc to cung trn nh hnh bn to cng dng cho bnh xe.S dng lnh Etrude vi chiu cao Amound = 5 v Select and Move to thnh 4 bnh xe.

Hnh 3.19 p nh mp mt trc my hn Mig

4 .p vt liu mt trc cho myhn Mig.

- Chun b map mt trc my hn to tnh hin thc cho m hnh 3DS

max s dng k thut tin tin l s dng cc nh Bitmap p vt liu dng 2D v dng 3D. Nh tnh nng UVWmap to gc nhn vung gc gip to tnh hin thc cho m hnh.

p nh map my hn Trn khung nhn Front mt pha trc

ca my hn v mt phng Flane sao cho kch thc ca mt phng bng vi kch thc mt trc ca thn my hn

M b bin tp vt liu Metarial (Phmtt M) chn vt liu cn trng chnDiffuse/Bitmat/ chon nh cn p. Sau chn Assign metarial p nh vo mtphng Flane (Hnh 3.19 )

Nhn F9 xem dng Render. Nu hnhnh Bipmat cha xut hin chuyn h W= 900.

50

Hnh 3.20 Lp rp v p vt liu cho b hn kh.

5. To m hn - To thn v ng dn Vo Geometry /Extended

Primitives/Tubo v hnh tr c kchthc

Cylinder: Radius1 =1;Radius2 =2 Height=40;HightSegments=10;Cap Segments=1; Fillet =0.2

Hiu chnh v to bin dng Click chut phi chn Edittable

Mesh/Vertex.Vi cc cng c Select and Move v Select and Uniform Scale Select and Uniform Rotate. iu chnh mhnh ng dn theo bin dng hnh cn theo .(Hnh 3.20).

Hnh 3.21 To thn b cp dy

6. To b phn cp dy - To thn b phn cp dy Trn mt Front click chn Vo menu

chn hnh Shapes/Line v click cc imto ng thng. Click chut phi chnEdittable Mesh/Vertex.Vi cc cng c Select and Move v di chuyn cc imln xung to bin dng ngoi ca bphn cp dy. Vo Edit/Etrude to chiudy cho thn vi chiu cao Amound=40.

Trn mt cnh Left s dng cng cSelect and Move sao chp thm mt thn na, s dng cng c Select and Scale thu nh vt th va to. (Hnh 3.21)

-To phn rng thn b cp dy Vo menu Geometry/Compound

Object/ProBoolean/Strucbce/Pick Operand B chn click vo hnh va nhn bn.

51

Hnh 3.22 To m hnh c cu cng dy hn

7. To c cu cng dy hn Vo Geometry /Extended


Cylinder: Radius1 =2, Height1=3 ;HightSegments=10;Cap Segments=1; Fillet1 =0.05.

Hiu chnh v to bin dng Click chut phi chn Edittable

Mesh/Vertex.Vi cc cng c Select and Move v Select and Uniform Scale. iu chnh m hnh ng dn theo bin dng. (Hnh 3.22)

Hnh 3.23 To m hnh cun dy hn

8. To m hnh cun dy hn Vo Geometry /Extended

Primitives/Chamfer Cylinder v hnh trc kch thc.

Cylinder:Radius1=30,Height1=1;HightSegments=10;Cap Segments=1; Fillet1 =0.01.

Nhn bn thnh 2 khi tr ging nhau v p nh mp cun dy hn.

To khi tr Cylinder: Radius1 =25, Height1=20;HightSegments=10;Cap Segments=1; Fillet1 =0.01

p vt liu mu ng Reflection_Chrorlcho cun li bn trong

nh (Hnh 3.23) 9. Lp rp v p vt liu cho b hn Mig-Mag M bng vt liu Meterial (bm phm M) chn Get Meterial bm chn Mtl

Libraly/Vew Large Icons ko thanh trt bn tri chn vt liu Reflection_Chrorl. hnh qu cu mu ng van o p sut, van iu khin lu lng kh. p vt liu click v gi chut tri vo qu cu vt liu ko ti phn thn m hn

chut khi phn chi tit ny chuyn mu ti. Bm F9 xem kt qu. Sau tin hnh p vt liu Metal_Dark_Gold cho phn ai bo v. (Hnh 3.24)

52

Hnh 3.24 M hnh my hn Mig-Mag

E. Xy dng m hnh dng c Hn * Bn hn Bn hn l ni dng thc hin cc bi, cc thao tc hn trong qu trnh luyn

tp k nng ca hc sinh. * Mt n hn, knh hn. - Mt n hn phi nh nhng d s dng. - Mt n hn c th c lm bng ba ct tng hoc ba Aming. - Tu theo yu cu cng vic m c th dng mt n hn cm tay hay mt n hn

p vo u. - Trn mt n hn c lp knh mu gim nh sng. Hai bn l 2 lp knh trng

trnh x hn lm chy knh m bo tui th cho knh hn. * Ba ngui ( cht kim loi) - Trng lng ca ba khong 600 n 800g cn ba ch to bng g, bn, chc khng c mt cy, vt nt, Nm khng qu 12%. - Chiu di cn ba ph thuc vo trng lng ba, khong 380 n 400 mm. - Cn ba dng van ; t l u to/ u nh = 1,5/1. - B dy cn ba : 1,25 n 1,5cm. * Qun o, gng tay, giy ca ngi th hn. - Ngi th hn phi c cp qun o vi bt, giy th hay ng bo h lao

53

ng. - Qun o phi c tm cht chu la, bao tay t tiu chun. - Gng tay phi c di buc ra ngoi tay o, ng qun phi ph kn giy ht

kim loi nng khng ri vo ngi. - c bit bo him khi hn trn. * Km ct dy hn. Dng ct dy hn ng kch thc tm vi in cc. * My mi. - My l nguyn cng lm tinh b mt tr ngoi, mt phng, mt nh hnh Trong cng ngh Hn my mi dng ct phi, lm tinh, lm bng b mt nm

trong cng on ch to phi v hon thin sn phm. a. Xy dng m hnh bn Hn

Hnh 3.25 To m hnh gh thc hnh Hn

1. To m hnh gh thc hnh hn - To mt gh Vo Geometry /Extended

Primitives/Chamfer Box v hnh hpch nht c kch thc.

Box. Length=40; Width=12; Height=3. - To chn gh Trn mt Left click chn Vo menu

chn hnh Shapes/Line v click cc imto ng thng bin dng chn gh.Trn mt Top click chn vo menu chn hnh Shapes/Rectange v hnh ch nht ckch thc. Length=2;Width=1

To bin dng cnh cho chn gh. Vo menu Geometry/Compound

Object/Loft, ti Get Path click chnng dn Line ti Get Shape bin dngl ng trn Rectange.

S dng cng c Select and Move nhn bn thnh 2 chn bn (Hnh 3.25)

Hnh 3.26 To m hnh g kp phi

2. To g kp phi hn v bn hn - To ng thn ngoi Chn lnh Geometry/Extended

Primitives/Tubo (v hnh vnh khn) ckch thc

Radius1=4 Radius2=4Height=20;Hight Segments=5;Cap Segments=1; Fillet =0.1

- To m hnh g lp phi Vo Geometry/Extended

Primitives/Chamfer Cylinder v hnh trc kch thc Cylinder:Radius1=4,

54

Height1=12;HightSegments=10;Cap Segments=1; Fillet1 =0.01. S dng cng c Select and Move nhn bn tothnh cc khp quay. (Hnh 3.26)

b. Xy dng m hnh giy bo h lao ng

Hnh 3.27 To m hnh giy bo h

3. To m hnh giy bo h lao ng to m hnh chic giy bo h lao

ng ta s dng phng php dng hnhcao cp trong 3DS.max l dng hnhbng phng php Nusb. ng dng ccphng php hiu chnh Vertex v Sufac hiu chnh m hnh. V p php hiuchnh Tubo Smooth cho m hnh.

(Hnh 3.27)

c. Xy dng m hnh gng tay bo h lao ng

Hnh 3.28 To m hnh gng tay bo h

4. To m hnh gng tay bo h lao ng

- To bin dng gng tay Trn mt Left click chn Vo menu

chn hnh Shapes/Line v click cc imto ng thng to bin dng ngoi cabn tay s dng php hiu chnh Benzerto tay nm php tuyn hiu chnh.

To chiu dy cho gng tay Vo Edit/Etrude to chiu dy cho thn

vi chiu cao Amound=3. To trn bng cho gng tay Vo Edit/Tubo Smooth iu chnh cc

thng s v p vt liu mu xanh cho gng tay.( Hnh 3.28 )

55

d. Xy dng m hnh knh bo h lao ng

Hnh 3.29 To m hnh knh bo h

5.To m hnh knh bo h lao ng - To mt knh Trn mt Front click chn vo menu

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