SSt : Fet : Fe

KhKhi qui qut chung vt chung v nguyn tnguyn t FeFe

I. Khi qut chung v nguyn t st

K hiu nguyn t : FeS th t : 26Nguyn t khi : 55.847L nguyn t nhm d (e

ho tr lm y phnlp d).

KhKhi qui qut chung vt chung v nguyn tnguyn t FeFe

Mng tinh th v cu hnh ca Fe

Cu hnh e : 2/8/14/21s22s22p63s23p63d64s2

V tr :- Nhm VIIIB- Chu k : 4

-Bn knh nguynt : 0.13nm

Mng li lp phngtm din.

TTnh chnh cht vt vt lt l

II. Tnh cht vt l

L kim loi mu trng hi xm, do, d rn, dko si.

tonc = 1539oC

tos = 2770oC

L kim loi nng : d = 7.9 g/cm3

St b nam trm ht vd b nam trm ho nnc lm li ca ngc in.

TTnh chnh cht hot ho hhcc

III. Tnh cht ho hc

Nhn xt :

Khi tham gia phn ng nguyn t Fe c th nhng2e phn lp 4s hoc nhng thm mt s e phnlp 3d cha bo ho ( thng l 1e).

St l mt kim loi c hot ng ho hc vo loi trung bnh.

Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca st l tnh kh vnguyn t st c th b oxi ho thnh ion Fe2+ hocFe3+ tu thuc cht oxi ho tc dng vi st.

TTnh chnh cht hot ho hhcc

1.Tc dng vi phi kim

a. Tc dng vi oxi Khi t nng, st chy trong oxi v bn to ra

nhng tia sng gy nn bi nhng vy ht Fe3O4 c t nng.

3Fe + 2O2 = Fe3O4 Trong khng kh m :

4Fe + 3O2 + nH2O = 2Fe2O3.nH2O

TTnh chnh cht hot ho hhcc

b. Tc dng vi cc phi kim khc.2Fe + 3Cl2 = 2FeCl3

TTnh chnh cht hot ho hhcc

2.Tc dng vi axit

a. HCl , H2SO4 long : oxi ho Fe0 thnh Fe+2

Fe + H2SO4 = FeSO4 + H2 Fe + 2HCl = FeCl2 + H2

b. Vi H2SO4, HNO3 - HNO3 v H2SO4 c ngui lm cho st b th ng.- HNO3 , H2SO4 nng v HNO3 oxi ho Fe0 thnh

Fe+3.

Fe + 4HNO3 = Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O t02Fe + 6H2SO4 Fe2 (SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O

TTnh chnh cht hot ho hhcc

TTnh chnh cht hot ho hhcc

3. Tc dng vi mui

- Fe c th y c kim loi ng sau n trong dyin ho ra khi mui.

- Trong cc phn ng ny st b oxi ho thnh ion Fe+2

Fe + CuSO4 = Cu + FeSO4Fe + HgCl2 = FeCl2 + Hg

4. Tc dng vi nc

nhit thng Fe khng tc dng c vi nc.

t < 5700C

t > 5700C

3Fe + 4H2O Fe3O4 + 4H2 Fe + H2 O FeO + H2

IV. Trng thi thin nhin, phngphp iu ch v ng dng.

TrTrng thng thi thin nhini thin nhin

1. Trng thi thin nhin

)L kim loi ph bin nht sau nhm.)Tn ti ch yu dng hp cht.)Nhng thin thch t khong khng gian ca v tr

ri vo qu t l st dng t do.

)Nhng qung quan trng nht l :- Oxit st t Fe3O4.

- Hematit hay oxit st Fe2O3.

- Limonit hay oxit st nu Fe2O3.nH2O.

- Xiderit FeCO3.

)Khong vt pirit FeS.

iiu chu ch

2. iu ch

)iu ch st tinh khit :

)St k thut :c iu ch bng cch dng than cckh st oxit trong l cao.

to3H2 + Fe2O3 2Fe + 3H2O

2Al + Fe2O3 Al2O3 + 2Fe

2FeSO4 + H2O 2Fe + 2H2SO4 + O2 to

dpdd

ng dng dngng

3. 3. ngng dngdng

St c vai tr ht sc quan trng i vi ssng ca sng ca ng vt, cht hemoglobin ( hng cu ) c trong mu lm nhim v vn tioxi i khp c th duy tr s sng ca ngvt l hp cht ca st.

ng dng dngng

ng dng dngng

Hp cht ca st c vai tr ht sc quan trng trong k thut :

+ Gang xm : Dng c cc b my, v lng + Gang trng : c dng luyn thp.

+ Thp cng : c dng lm cc dng c, mi kt cu v chi tit my.

+ Thp hp kim : c tnh cht c hc cao chu nhit vkhng r c dng lm ng ng, cc chi tit ca ng c my bay v my nn.

BBii ttpp ccngng cc

BBi ti tp cp cng cng c

Cu 1: Vit phng trnh phn ng khi cho st tc dngvi Cl2 , HCl?

2Fe + 3Cl2 = 2FeCl3Fe + 2HCl = FeCl2 + H2

Clo c tnh oxi ho mnh do n chuyn c Fe0

ln Fe+3, trong khi Fe tc dng vi HCl ch thuc mui st II.

BBi ti tp cp cng cng c

Fe + 2HCl = FeCl2 + H2 FeCl2 + 2NaOH = Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O = 4Fe(OH)3

2Fe + 3Cl2 = 2FeCl32FeCl3 + Fe = 3FeCl2

to

to

Fe FeCl2 Fe(OH)2 Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3

FeCl3FeO

2Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 + 3H2O

Fe(OH)2 FeO + H2O

Fe FeCl2 Fe(OH)2 Fe(OH)3Fe FeCl2 Fe(OH)2 Fe2O3

FeCl3FeO

Fe(OH)3Fe FeCl2 Fe(OH)2

Cu 2: Hon thnh s phn ng:

Fe(OH)3Fe FeCl2 Fe(OH)2

BBii ttpp vv nhnh

Cc bi tp trong sch gio khoa v mt s bi trongsch bi tp.

St : FeI. Khi qut chung v nguyn t stMng tinh th v cu hnh ca FeII. Tnh cht vt lIII. Tnh cht ho hc1.Tc dng vi phi kimb. Tc dng vi cc phi kim khc. 2Fe + 3Cl2 = 2FeCl32.Tc dng vi axitIV. Trng thi thin nhin, phng php iu ch v ng dng.1. Trng thi thin nhin2. iu ch3. ng dngBi tp cng cCu 1: Vit phng trnh phn ng khi cho st tc dng vi Cl2 , HCl? Bi tp v nh