12/3 focus: 12/3 focus: – the romans established a new form of government known as a republic –...
TRANSCRIPT
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• 12/3 Focus:12/3 Focus:– The Romans established a new form
of government known as a republic – The Romans influenced many of the
values and institutions of western civilization.
• Do Now:Do Now: – Identify the type of government found
in the United States
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Ancient RomeAncient RomeThe Roman RepublicThe Roman Republic
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ReviewReview
• What were some of the geographic characteristics associated with the Italian Peninsula?
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ReviewReview
• What were some of the geographic advantages of Rome’s location in Italy?
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Early History of RomeEarly History of Rome• The Legend of
Romulus and Remus – Legend states that
the city of Rome was founded by two twins, Romulus and Remus.
– Twins were abandoned near the Tiber River and raised by a she-wolf
– Romulus kills Remus and starts Rome
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Early History of Rome
• 3 groups that influenced early Rome– Greeks
• Established colonies in Italy and Sicily
• Taught Romans how to grow grapes and olives
• Art, literature, and architecture influenced Romans
– Etruscans• From northern Italy
– Latins • First to settle in Rome• Gods were influenced by
Greeks and Etruscans
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The Roman RepublicThe Roman Republic
• Etruscan kings ruled Rome from 600 B.C. to 509 BC – Roman aristocrats overthrew the last
Etruscan king in 509 BC– Establish a republic
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The Roman RepublicThe Roman Republic• Republic – A form of government in which elected
officials govern the state– power rests with citizens who have the
right to vote for their leaders– Indirect democracy or representative
democracy• Rome allowed free-born male citizens
to participate in elections–Women could not vote
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The Roman RepublicThe Roman Republic• Patricians – Aristocratic landowners
who held most power in Rome• Made up 10% of the
population
– Ran the government and made the laws
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Patricians and PlebeiansPatricians and Plebeians
• Plebeians – Farmers, artisans,
and merchants–Majority in Rome–Were barred from
holding most government positions
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Patricians and PlebeiansPatricians and Plebeians
• Plebeians demanded more rights in Rome from the patricians– Plebeian Council • Allowed to elect their own assembly
– Tribunes • Officials elected to protect the rights of
plebeians• Could veto laws that were unjust to
plebeians
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The Twelve Tables of The Twelve Tables of RomeRome
• First written code of law in Rome
• Plebeians demanded laws of Rome be written down – Laws were carved on
twelve bronze tablets and displayed in the Roman Forum
• Established the principle that all free citizens had the right to protection of the law
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Roman GovernmentRoman Government
• Consuls – 2 consuls elected
by the assembly for 1 year
– Chief executives and commanded the army
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Roman GovernmentRoman Government
• Senate– 300 patrician
men– Served for life – Controlled
finances and foreign relations
– Advised consuls
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Roman GovernmentRoman Government
• Assemblies – Tribal
Assembly and Centuriate Assembly
–Made laws and elected officials
Gaius Gracchus, tribune of the people, presiding over the Plebeian Council
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•
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Roman GovernmentRoman Government
• In times of crisis, the republic could appoint a dictator to rule Rome.– Dictator
• a leader who has absolute power
– Could only rule for six months
– Were chosen by the consul and elected by the SenateCincinnatus
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The Roman ForumThe Roman Forum
• The center of life in Rome
• Marketplace and civic center – Senate met in the
forum – Public speeches
were given here– Site of many
businesses
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ClosureClosure
• What is the difference between a republic and a direct democracy?
• What was the difference between patricians and plebeians?
• How are the Twelve Tables of Rome and Hammurabi’s Code similar?