! "#

$ % & ' ( () & (

( * ' & '! ( ( !

% + *! ,

'* ! -(

. * , ( / ( & *% #

( 0% ( *, &*

( & ! )

' &*

& ( , *, &* !

1 # ! ' (

!* ( !2

3 & !) '* & () ! &

& () '! ' & '! 4

() '! $ ' !)&( '!

& *

$ & && -). &

)* & 5( &

65$ ) & &7 ) )2 $

'! ! !* '! & ! &(*

' & &* ! !* ' 8! ()

'! *! ,

' ! (

)

(

& & ) ( )

' + '! * ,

9 ) + % % ''' !%

!

: ;

: "

:

!" #" $ $ %

/% 0 R = 8.31451J

Kmol

49

7 kB = 1.38065 1023 JK>%*&7 5! NA = 6.02214 1023

'#49 4)!& 8& = 5.6696 108 Wm2 K4

> 0% 5 g = 9.80ms2

>! ? T0 = 273.15 C = 0K

water = 1000kgm3

$' =

316 = 0.29lb

inches3

> Al = 2.70 103 kgm3>! ? T0 = 273.15 C = 0K

', 6 cwater = 4186J

kg C

', 6 cice = 2090J

kg C

', 6 0 cglass = 837J

kg C

', 6 > cAl = 900J

kg C$ @ ' A

> Al = 24 106 1

$ @ ' A

'' Cu = 17 106 1

$ @ ' A

Fe = 12 106 1

@

6 Lwater = 3.33 105 Jkg

@

6 B'9 Lwater = 2.26 106 Jkg

@

6 B'9 @+& 5*

LLN2 = 1.98 105Jkg

>' P0 = 1.013 105

B ' Vsphere =43r3

> ' Asphere = 4r2

& ' $( &

' ,& ( ( ( !( $ '

0.25 2 $

& * ( '' ( C(

!(

> ; )* (* '& ' & ; )* (* '& & &1

*

( ' (

+! -!& h ,*.

' () $ & % 4* ' && ,

*& $ & & & & ) ( & ( D

! !* , & $

& +& *

D ,

%* ( ' & ) * &

$ & ( & & & & ( & 2 + 25 & ! & D , (

& &( 196 - !* ' +& *

.

& ; * ( E ! %& & &

' &*

F

6( +& *

- )*. ( ! 1 & & &*

F

*$ '++ > &% &' ' !!! ( & >

!!! '& E ! ( !!!

& ;G $ ( ' H% +++ $

" #+ "

' ( &' F

! !!! * &F

6( (

* !!! F

6( (

' !!! * F

> !!! % ; &*

&

;

! &

=

' , - .+ & / ($ / & 0 & & * 2 1022 ( ;: & ) &

*

* !(

( % ' 27 & 770 $ % * * &* 0.14 103 3

I #B &* !( - ( . ! ' ' !

% &!

V

PA

B

CD

Qhot

Qcold

' * (

%F

% * ' F

A

*F

*

' & *

*

* * * '

F

J

! < &

"

(1 & +& (

* '

% * 2 ) (& * '! * +& '&

' & & *% @7 &

+& & & *% g

> ' ' !( ' +& % v0 & + 7 % * & h

> +&

' ' !( ' & D0 ( &

& h F > +& '!

5( '* = 1.45 102 )*:3 g = 9.8 :2 v0 = 0.1 : D0 = 1 & h = 1 & ,&

&

G

($ * > ! * ' ' & ' $ ' !(

*& ' !(

%

& % * 4 && ! !)!& & $ (

'

& ! % $ ' '! (7 K&L

( D ( * ' && ! % $ * ' & " &

( & * & J; $ &

* 2.51 103 )*:3 &

&

( 1.00 103 )*:3 $ ', ( 4186 E:)* & ',

* 837 E:)*

* ' ' 25 & ( , ( ( 95 ( ( ,' * & (F > && ( +!

@7

( (& ''

(7 * ' '& !) -

% . & & ' 90 ( '( ( ' & %F

! = &

$ ( ' ) 7% & '! (

! () 2

- '. > ' ( & r ( '& ( ' !) ' '& &

' ' & + ' ' t T0 ' t = 0> &

' ' ' H - ' & < H.

- '. &

* '! Qhot = 1000 E ( % ' 4F

'& % ) & ( ' 25 & &

) ' '

$ ) '& % & !* !! 6( & ( !!

' * 25 100F

$ (

mwater = V = 103 )*:3 0.211 103 3 = 0.221 )*

!!

Qwater = mwatercwaterT = 0.221 )* 4186 E)* (100

25) = 6938.3 E .

* % ) (

& ; 100

Vcooker = 3VcookerT = 3 24 1061 0.450 103 3 75 = 2.43 106 3 .

' ) (

' 100F ->

' & % *, 1 % 4 (& ''

( & ''* ' (7 % ( * ! !

< '

4 ' 7 % '& ! * (

'.

P0V = nRT0

&

PfV = nRTf ,

PfP0

=TfT0

Pf = P0 TfT0

= 1.013 105 100 + 273.1525 + 273.15

= 1.27 105 1.25 .