GCSE PE

Unit 1.2.2

The Cardiovascular System Physiological effects and regular exercise

Questions:1. What are the 3 components of the cardiovascular system?

2. What are the immediate effects on the cardiovascular system when we exercise?

3. What transports blood around the body?

1. Blood, Blood Vessels and the Heart

2. Increased heart rate and blood pressure

3. Arteries, Capillaries and Veins

By the end of this lesson you should be able to:

Explain the immediate physiological effects of exercise on the body

Understand what lactic acid is and how it occurs

Explain the effects that regular long term involvement with exercise has on your body

There are 4 main physiological effects on the body when we exercise (as well as a by product that is produced) .You have 1 minute to discuss what these are with your partner……..

3. Sweating

1. Breathing

2. Body temp4. Muscles ache

5. Build up of Lactic Acid

In a small group of 4/5 you need to complete the following:

1.You need to read up on the topic you have been given as group.

2.Decide what the key points are.3.Decide as a group who is going to present the

information to the class WITHOUT using any notes. It can be as many or as few of the group as you would

like.4.You have 7 minutes…….go

• Gets faster and deeper to….

• Without efficient breathing …..

• Efficient breathing means …..

• Gets faster and deeper to enable greater supply to

lungs

• Without efficient breathing the heart cannot carry as much

oxygen as needed around the body

• Efficient breathing means removing the oxygen from the

air

Muscles generate…….

The average temperature….

Temperature is regulated …..

Muscles generate heat whilst working which causes the body temperature to rise.

The average temperature in humans is 37C with

temperatures between 36.4 and 37.2 as normal .

Temperature is regulated through sweating if too hot and shivering (which gets

muscles working) if too cold.

• Salt that is lost must be replaced to….

• Extreme loss of …

• Replenishing the water and ….

Sweating enables …

Water and ….

If it’s hot then sweating ….

• Salt that is lost must be replaced to avoid cramp.

• Extreme loss of water and salt can result in fainting.

• Replenishing the water and salt is done throughout activities such as

football and marathons to avoid cramp and dehydration.

Sweating enables the body to cool down.

Water and salt is lost which enables body temperature to fall.

If it’s hot then sweating increases and less urine is produced.

• Muscles need …….to work.

• Energy ….

• Oxygen and….

• Eventually it becomes impossible …

• Glucose is still used but …

• Muscles need energy and oxygen to work.

• Energy comes from food and is converted to glucose (sugar)

• Oxygen and glucose are carried in the blood to the muscles whilst waste products such as carbon

dioxide is removed.• Eventually it becomes impossible

to get enough oxygen to the muscles so anaerobic respiration

takes place.• Glucose is still used but lactic acid

is produced.

Lactic acid is produced during ….

Lactic acid is a ….

When too much ….

Lactic acid is produced during anaerobic respiration. This happens when there is not enough oxygen for normal aerobic respiration to take place.

Lactic acid is a mild toxin. It is responsible for the pain you feel in your muscles when they get tired.

When too much of it builds up in a muscle, it can prevent the muscle contracting. At this point, the performer’s muscles will cramp and they will be forced to stop.

1) The resting heart rate decreases

2) The heart gets bigger in size

3) Your recovery rate improves

4) Stoke Volume increases

5) Cardiac output increases

6) Decreased blood pressure

7) Healthy veins and arteries

Regular or sustained participation in physical activity has many benefits for the long term:

With regular exercise the heart becomes bigger and stronger so it

can supply the same amount of blood in fewer beats.

Therefore the heart of a person who is fitter beats fewer times, this in turn is more efficient and results

in less stress on the heart.

This also means that their resting heart rate is much lower due to the increased efficiency of the heart.

Muscles

Your recovery rate is how quickly your body returns to normal following a period of exercise.

Recovery rate is a good indicator of fitness. The quicker you recover, the fitter you are.

As you recover from exercise, changes happen in the following areas:

Heart rate

Lactic acid levels in the blood

Glycogen stores

Let’s do it!

Task 5 on page 8…….

You should now be able to:

Explain the immediate physiological effects of exercise on the body

Understand what lactic acid is and how it occurs

Explain the effects that regular long term involvement with exercise has on your body

Complete the following:

1. Update any missed notes from today’s lesson.

2. To do Homework 2 on page 5.3. To do Homework 3 on page 64. To do Homework 4 on page 7.