12.1 (Sec. A&B) & 12.2Period 5Group 1

Ions

Url: http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/@ api/deki/files/3293/=ionicCl. jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Covalent.svg/160px-Covalent.svg.png

Ionic bonding Covalent bonding

Subtopic ITypes of Chemical Bonds

A bond is a force that holds groups of two or more atoms together and makes them function as a unit.

Ionic Bonding The strong bonding forces present result from the attraction among the closely

packed, oppositely charged ions is the ionic bonding.

Covalent bonding The type of bonding in hydrogen molecules and many others where electrons are

shared by nuclei is called covalent bonding.

Q: What is the type of bonding that are between the extremes in intermediate cases?

A: Polar covalent bonding

url: http://www.chemprofessor.com/imf_files/image005.jpg

Subtopic IIElectronegativity

The unequal sharing of electrons between two atoms is described by a property called electronegativity; the relative ability of an atom in a molecule to attract shared electrons to itself.

Electronegativity generally: Increases going from left to right across a period Decreases going down a group for the representative elements.

Polarity The polarity of a bond depends on the difference between the

electronegativity values of the atoms forming the bond.

Q: How does electronegativity increase and decrease on the periodic table?

A: Electronegativity increases going left to right across a period and decreases going down a group.

Url: http://www.grandinetti.org/Teaching/Chem121/Lectures/Electronegativity/assets/ElectronegativityTrends.gif

Subtopic IIIStable Electron Configuration Changes

Configuration Metals form ions by losing electrons to achieve the configuration of

the previous noble gases. Chemical compounds are always neutral

Q: What is the main difference between how metals and nonmetals form ions?

A: Metal ions form by losing electrons to match the configuration of previous noble gases. Nonmetals gains.

url: http://www.chemistryland.com/CHM130W/03-BuildingBlocks/Chaos/Orbitals-d.jpg

Subtopic IVIonic Bonding and Structures

Strong bonding in these ionic compounds result from the attractions between the oppositely charged cations and anions.

Structures of ionic compounds To understand the packing of ions, it helps to realize a cation is

always smaller than the parent atom, and an anion is always larger than the parent atom.

Q: What are the oppositely charged ions used to bond ionic compounds, and how are they different by another?

A: Cations and anions; cation is positively charged while anion are negatively charged.

url: http://scienceaid.co.uk/chemistry/fundamental/images/polarisation.jpg

Subtopic VIonic Compounds containing Polyatomic Ions

Polyatomic Ions – Charged species composed of several atoms

Example: Ammonium Nitrate contains the NH4+ and NO3-

Q: What are polyatomic ions and give an example?

A: Polyatomic ions are charged species composed of several atoms. Example: Ammonium Nitrate

url: http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_13rTsbdEqkM/RkZrzSfQ6QI/AAAAAAAAAA8/LriAgPaAZUY/s200/220px-Nitroglycerin-2D-skeletal.png

Quiz Q #1: What is the difference between the atoms

used in ionic and covalent bonding? Q #2: How are atoms held together by a force

that makes them function as a unit? Q #3: How are polyatomic ions different from

simple anions? Q #4: What does the polarity of 1 bond depend

on? Q #5: Why must all compounds be electronically

neutral?

Answers A #1: The atoms in ionic bonding are metals and

nonmetals while covalent uses nonmetal and nonmetal. A #2: They are held by a bond. A #3: An anion is a negative charge formed by a

nonmetal and polyatomic ions are charged species composed of atoms.

A #4: It depends on the difference between electronegativity values of the atoms forming that bond

A #5: Because all compounds have either a positive or negative charge that cancels out to no charge.

Reference Page

http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/@ api/deki/files/3293/=ionicCl. Jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Covalent.svg/160px-

Covalent.svg.png http://www.chemprofessor.com/imf_files/image005.jpg http://www.grandinetti.org/Teaching/Chem121/Lectures/Electronegativity/

assets/ElectronegativityTrends.gif http://www.chemistryland.com/CHM130W/03-BuildingBlocks/Chaos/Orbitals-

d.jpg http://scienceaid.co.uk/chemistry/fundamental/images/polarisation.jpg http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_13rTsbdEqkM/RkZrzSfQ6QI/AAAAAAAAAA8/

LriAgPaAZUY/s200/220px-Nitroglycerin-2D-skeletal.png