120814 desalination segment report

WATER INDUSTRY SEGMENT REPORT

DESALINATION

San Diego, July 2012

Prepared by:

Andreas Fried

Basel Serio

WORLD TRADE CENTER SAN DIEGO

2980 Pacific Highway

San Diego, CA 92101

T: (619) 615 0868

F: (619) 615 0876

www.wtcsd.org

http://www.wtcsd.org/

WORLD TRADE CENTER San Diego Desalination Industry Report Page 2 of 35

General Provision

This report was conducted by the World Trade Center San Diego (WTCSD). The scope of this report is to

provide information about the water industry segment of desalination. The report will not be, and

should not be, considered as an opinion regarding a recommendation for, or the reasonableness of any

specific business action. No representations or warranties are provided with respect to the results

obtained from use of the analysis or surveys of this report. In no event shall the WTCSD be liable for

consequential, special, direct, or indirect damages arising out of use of this material.

To the best of our knowledge and belief, the statements contained in this report are true and correct.

Information, estimates and opinions provided to us and contained in the report were obtained from the

sources cited, and to the extent analyzed by us are believed to be true and correct. However, no

representation, liability or warranty for the accuracy of such items is assumed by or imposed on WTCSD.

Opinions in this report are the authors opinion, and are not the official opinion of WTCSD.


Table of Contents

General Provision .................................................................................................................................... 2

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 4

Conversion Measures .......................................................................................................................... 4

Desalination ......................................................................................................................................... 5-6

Industry at the National Level .................................................................................................................. 7

Southern California ........................................................................................................................... 7-8

MENA Desalination Industry .................................................................................................................... 8

Power Sector ....................................................................................................................................... 8

Water Sector ....................................................................................................................................... 9

Middle East .................................................................................................................................. 10-13

North Africa .................................................................................................................................. 14-15

Small Scale Projects ........................................................................................................................... 15

Trade Shows - Domestic and International............................................................................................. 16

Trade Publications and Internet Sources ................................................................................................ 18

Current Desalination Projects ........................................................................................................... 19-33

Bibliography .......................................................................................................................................... 34


Introduction

This report is an introductory overview of the desalination (desal) industry. The report focuses on U.S.

export to the MENA (Middle East and North Africa) region and India. Water scarcity is an acute and

growing problem. Essentially the amount of naturally occurring fresh water in the world is constant or

even declining because of the over-exploitation of non-renewable ground water resources. Demand for

water continues to grow as the need to increase agricultural production sucks up available water for

irrigation (85% of MENA water use for agricultural use), forcing urban water users to develop new

resources. Desalination has been favored as method to increase the water supply. The regional

desalination sector has grown into an $8 billion market in the last 5 years. Historically, especially the

Gulf (GCC) region has favored large scale projects to boost supply in favor of targeting the high demand

and water waste.1 The financial crisis though has opened policymakers eyes for alternative, less capital

intense projects. Campaigns for reduced water usage have also been launched as a method for tackling

the regions water shortage and less affluent countries are looking at smaller-scale desalination projects.

The attractiveness of desalination has been reduced due to rising oil prices, putting upward cost

pressure on a water supply process that consumes large amounts of energy. Desalination today is an

expensive technology, but most of the world's 2,000 desalination plants are currently located in the

Middle East where water is in short supply but energy has been cheap. Albeit, the low-cost energy has

been due to energy subsidies obtained by the mostly state owned utility companies operating

desalination plants in the MENA region. Desal plants are frequently built in connection with power

stations. The increase in electricity prices has actually recently spurred the power plant components of

desal plants. The latest desalination trend is that the increase in energy prices has made it possible for

bidders to increase the power plant component with increased excess power revenues, to subsequently

subsidize the desalinized water price offered in tenders.

Firstly, this paper will look briefly at the desalination industry in general; secondly, we will examine

current trends and forecasts for the industry per region. The paper concludes with useful tradeshow and

resource information as well as a list of current desal projects.

Conversion Measures

1 m3 = 220 Imperial Gallons (IG) 1 Ha = 2.47 Acres

1 IG = 0.0045 m3 1 Acre = 0.405 Ha

1 m3 = 264 Gallons (G) 1 Liter = 0.264 Gallons

1 G = 0.0038 m3 1 G = 3.785 Liters

1 IG = 1.2 G 1 IG = 4.54 Liters

1 http://www.gulfbase.com/site/interface/NewsArchiveDetails.aspx?n=98458

http://www.gulfbase.com/site/interface/NewsArchiveDetails.aspx?n=98458


Desalination

Because only 1 percent of the Earth's water is fresh, the oceans are an obvious way of supplementing

the fresh-water supply. To be potable (drinkable), however, salt and other chemicals must first be

removed from the sea water. This process of salt removal known as desalination has been practiced

since ancient times.

The most common desalination processes used

today are distillation and membrane processes,

each accounting for about half the installed

global desalination capacity. Historically,

distillation technologies have dominated the

seawater desalination market, partly because

they lend themselves well to co-generation of

water and power, partly because energy

subsidies favored these more energy-intensive

technologies, and partly because of the lower

reliability of earlier membrane technologies.

However, most new desalination plants now use

membrane technologies, in particular reverse

osmosis (RO). This is mainly due to reductions in the costs and the energy intensity of reverse osmosis,

as well as improvements in its reliability. Reverse osmosis of seawater requires much less energy than

distillation processes.2

Looking forward, it is clear that

membrane desalination is going to

continue to pull away from thermal

desalination. Although multi-stage

flash and multi-effect distillation

represented around 26% of the

market during the period 2000-

2009, their market share is

expected to amount to around 9%

in the period 2010-2016. This

reflects two factors. First, the

desalination market outside the

Gulf is expected to grow faster than

the desalination market in the Gulf region, where thermal desalination is more frequently used. Second,

2 The World Bank: Seawater and Brackish Water Desalination in the Middle East, North Africa and Central Asia


membrane desalination is making in-roads into the Gulf market a trend which is likely to accelerate

with the move towards independent water and power projects in Kuwait and Dubai, as well as greater

consciousness about energy efficiency due to rising energy prices.3

Overall global desalination capacity is expected to grow from 68.3 million m3/d at the beginning of 2011

to 129.9 million m3/d by the end of 2016.4 For 2010 and 2011 though, new capacity is on the decline,

with 4.7 million m3/d and 6.8 million m3/d respectively - well below the market peak of 7.5 million m3/d

achieved in 2007. There are a number of factors behind the cooling of the desalination market. These

include:

The completion of major desalination plant building programs in Algeria, Spain, and Australia.

The weakness of the real estate market in the UAE, Southern Spain and the Western U.S.

Project delays and postponements related to a variety of issues such as elections, financing

difficulties, heavy rains, and administrative issues.

Increased energy prices in 2011 will probably continue to restrain the market recovery.5

3 http://www.globalwaterintel.com/archive/11/7/market-insight/desalination-market-returns.html

4 GWI: Desalination Markets 2010

5 http://www.globalwaterintel.com/gwi-downgrades-desalination-market-expectations-201011/

http://www.globalwaterintel.com/archive/11/7/market-insight/desalination-market-returns.htmlhttp://www.globalwaterintel.com/gwi-downgrades-desalination-market-expectations-201011/


Industry at the National Level

The U.S. desalination industry is strongly concentrated in the region dependent on the Colorado River

and Lake Mead for its water supply. Florida is also looking for desalination as a water supply technology.

Perhaps one of the best opportunities to reduce the capital and operating costs of a seawater

desalination plant is to co-locate the desalination plant on or adjacent to a power plant. Especially for

regulatory approval purposes this strategy has been pursued in the U.S.6 The U.S. will be spending

$3,330 million per year on building and operating desalination plants, suggests a new report by Global

Water Intelligence (GWI). This represents a 191% increase on current expenditure.

There are a lot of major multi-national corporations that have desalination subsidiaries. Some of the

largest U.S. companies include General Electric, Dow Chemical, and Hydronautics. GE Water has a long

history in the Middle East, first operating in the Saudi water sector in the 1930s. It has a base in Dubai

and the company is involved in many desalination and wastewater plant across the region. GE Energy

recently opened its second USD$10 million water technology centre in Saudi Arabia aimed at providing

water solutions across the region.7

Southern California The Southern California region is strong when it comes to water technology and desalination. As of April

2011, an estimated 3,000 people work for companies in the San Diego area supplying equipment or

logistical support for desalination plants, earning the industry upwards of $350 million in annual

revenues. Many of these companies also supply other related manufacturing segments. The Californian

coast may have about 20 desalination plants in a few years, but most of them are still in the early

planning stage.8 The regulatory approval process is rigid, especially with regards to environmental

protection. Proposed desalination plants must win approval from city and county governments as well

as the Public Utilities Commission in the case of investor-owned utilities. The largest project, Poseidon

Resources Desal Plant in Carlsbad, spent almost a decade in the State and Federal approval process,

receiving final go-ahead in February 2011.9

In California, an estimated 40 percent of the cost of desalination is energy to run the plant. Lobbying by

companies that stand to gain financially from desalination has helped earn widespread support from

California lawmakers. Poseidon has reportedly spent around $60 million on engineering and attorney

fees on its Carlsbad plant before a single spade of dirt has been overturned. A group of California water

6 Neil Callahan: Integration of Power Generation and Water Desalination Operations 7 http://www.ge.com/mea/docs/brochure_sa_english.pdf 8 http://www.dcbureau.org/201103081301/Natural-Resources-News-Service/the-water-business-desalination-

means-big-business-to-california-industry.html 9 http://www.carlsbad-desal.com/

http://www.ge.com/mea/docs/brochure_sa_english.pdfhttp://www.dcbureau.org/201103081301/Natural-Resources-News-Service/the-water-business-desalination-means-big-business-to-california-industry.htmlhttp://www.dcbureau.org/201103081301/Natural-Resources-News-Service/the-water-business-desalination-means-big-business-to-california-industry.htmlhttp://www.carlsbad-desal.com/


companies and public agencies formed the non-profit CalDesal last year to educate and lobby for

desalination.10

MENA Desalination Industry

Power Sector Desalination in the Middle East is closely linked to the power sector. We will therefore take a moment to

look at the MENA power sector. Due to population and industry growth, the power sector in MENA has

a demand that is growing at 5-7% annually. To meet this increasing demand; new power plants,

increased efficiency, improved transmission systems and new energy sources are required. The MENA

region has 146 GW of installed electrical capacity, a further 120GW of new capacity and 30 GW of

replacement capacity will be required from 2005-2020. Electricity is heavily subsidized in most countries

and as a result this has led to inefficient energy use. Electricity bills are often unpaid in some MENA

countries; almost half the electricity consumption was unpaid or illegally connected in 2005. Because of

the geography of the region, with sparse population, many communities exist off the grid. In recent

years, Independent Power Producers (IPPs) have been successfully encouraged, but there is still room

for more private electricity producers. The current challenge in the MENA region is diversifying the

energy mix beyond oil as a sizable proportion of the generation capacity is nearing the end of its lifespan

and capacity demands are rising. The high power demand matches the high water demand and much

work will have to be done to stabilize the resources of both.

10

http://www.dcbureau.org/201103081301/Natural-Resources-News-Service/the-water-business-desalination-means-big-business-to-california-industry.html

http://www.dcbureau.org/201103081301/Natural-Resources-News-Service/the-water-business-desalination-means-big-business-to-california-industry.htmlhttp://www.dcbureau.org/201103081301/Natural-Resources-News-Service/the-water-business-desalination-means-big-business-to-california-industry.html


Current and projected desal markets by country or region.11

Water Sector The region relies heavily on water for agriculture which comprises 85% of its water use so combating the

continued drying of the land mass will be a priority. The climate will become drier and hotter with less

rainfall and increased droughts. Water shortages will be experienced by 80-100 million people before

2025. This puts water supply on top of the agenda of the regions leaders. Due to recent infrastructure

investments, water supply has increased to allow 75% of the MENA population access to clean water

and improved sanitation. MENA already leads the world in desalination technology. The region will

require 6% per year water supply increase from desal plants. The majority of desalination plants use

thermal desalination technologies and large quantities of fossil fuel are required for the distillation

process. Even in small countries such as the UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, Israel and Jordon the pumping distances

have been a barrier, due to pipe leakages and poor water management in general. Furthermore, as a

result of poor regulations, desalination plants in the region have polluted the Gulf seawater by

discharging hot wastewater directly into the Gulf.

Like the power sector, private water utilities are struggling to perform due to an unreasonable

subsidization of tariffs in the public sector. Only two countries in the region have private water utilities

that can cover their operational and management costs. In MENA public spending on water accounts for

1-5% of the GDP but these investments have not been cohesive. The World Bank has heavily funded the

11 GWI: Desalinisation Markets 2010


regions water development. The Bank financed new water projects totaling $229.5 million in 2008 and

$123 million in 2009. Iran, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Egypt and Kuwait accounted for around 70% of energy

and water investments in the last five years. The total MENA investment in power and water was about

$60 billion during this period. Government owned utilities will continue to play the key investment role

as only 40% will be funded by the private sector.12

Capacity increase during the 2000s.13

Middle East The power and water desalination Industry in the Gulf (GCC) nations is characterized by a limited source

of supply struggling to cater to the escalating demand fuelled by increasing population and improved

standards of living. Spurred by a buoyant economy and population growth, UN-FAO forecasts over $250

billion will be invested in GCC water and desalination projects, over the next decade. Whilst privatization

occupies the centre stage in the overhauling process of power and water sector, the initiatives towards

alternative energy sources will enable GCC nations to diversify their economic growth from

predominantly oil based economies. New power plants often include desal components. Faced with the

extreme scarcity of groundwater, the GCC nations are focusing on increasing supply of water through

desalination and waste water treatments. The regional governments are also educating the population

on water conservation.14 In the GCC region, commonly more than 75% of water consumption is in the

agricultural sector, around 15% for public purposes and less than 2% for industrial purposes. Hence,

potential for the lower-quality reused wastewater (which is sufficient for irrigation but not for public

use) is larger than the potential for desalination. So far though, farmers have been hesitant to accept

reused wastewater for food-product irrigation.15

12 Chantel McGrath: Renewable Desalination Market Analysis 13

Global Water Intelligence: Vol 10, Issue 10 (October 2009) 14

Research and Markets: GCC Power & Water Desalination Industry Overview 2010 15 http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/untd_arab_em/index.stm

http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/untd_arab_em/index.stm


Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia relies on seawater desalination for 50% of its water supply and has over 30 operating

desalination plant. Saudi Arabia has 4,000 km of water pipelines, but this network is under pressure

owing to increased water demand. Current projects include a new pipeline in Saudi Arabia to supply the

city of Taif near the Red Sea. Between 2006 and 2016 approximately 20 plants will be built or planned,

with over $5 billion of annualized investment in desalination (2005-2015). Environmentalists have

pushed for increased use of solar power in desalination, but the government has continued to rely on oil

and gas as energy sources. The Saudi Arabians plan to invest USD$170 billion in the energy sector over

the next five years, requiring private sector investment to satisfy water and electricity demands for the

country. Of this investment, $90 billion will come from Saudi Aramco (national oil company) and will

primarily be invested in oil production.16

The first large scale renewable desal plant is an IBM joint venture with King Abdulaziz City for Science

and Technology (KACST), the Kingdoms main research and development institute, building a solar

powered desalination plant in the city of Al Khafji in the northeast of the country. The plant will be

powered by ultra-high concentrator photovoltaic (UHCPV) technology and would provide up to 30,000

m3 of potable water a day to 100,000 people. The KACST/IBM joint research focuses on improving

polymeric membranes through nanoscale modification of polymer properties to make desalination

much more efficient and much less costly.17

Shoaiba Barge Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) plant is the largest in the world (completed in 2008),

producing 50,000 m3/day using Dow Film Tec membrane elements which have helped speed up the

production of treated water. The project was designed by WETICO Saudi Berkefeld. Saudi Arabias Saline

Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC) purchases the water.18

Doosan Heavy Industries of South Korea has won a US$ 1.46 billion contract to supply the Ras Azzour

desalination plant, which, at a capacity of 228 MIGD (1,036,500 m/d), will be the largest in the world.

The project, for the Saline Water Conversion Corporation, will be a hybrid 160 MIGD (727,000 m/d)

evaporation and 67.5 MIGD (307,000 m/d) reverse-osmosis plant. It will supply water from the Gulf to

3.5 million people in the Riyadh area. The project was delayed during the financial crisis as one partner

of the proposed consortium withdrew. Doosan will now carry out design, manufacturing, installation,

and commissioning of the entire project, which is scheduled to be completed by the end of 2014. It will

be integrated with a 2,400 MW oil-fired power plant.19

The United Arab Emirates (UAE)

The UAE is the 2nd largest producer of desal water. The UAE relies on 70% desalinated water to supply

the country and Kuwait. The UAE has invested a total of $50 billion in power and desalination during the

16 Chantel McGrath: Renewable Desalination Market Analysis 17 http://www.ibm.com/news/sa/en/2010/03/31/z337573t40642u34.html 18 http://msdssearch.dow.com/PublishedLiteratureDOWCOM/dh_0259/0901b80380259476.pdf?filepath=liquidseps/pdfs/noreg/609-00619.pdf&fromPage=GetDoc 19 http://www.desalination.biz/news/news_story.asp?id=5480&channel=0

http://www.ibm.com/news/sa/en/2010/03/31/z337573t40642u34.htmlhttp://msdssearch.dow.com/PublishedLiteratureDOWCOM/dh_0259/0901b80380259476.pdf?filepath=liquidseps/pdfs/noreg/609-00619.pdf&fromPage=GetDochttp://msdssearch.dow.com/PublishedLiteratureDOWCOM/dh_0259/0901b80380259476.pdf?filepath=liquidseps/pdfs/noreg/609-00619.pdf&fromPage=GetDochttp://www.desalination.biz/news/news_story.asp?id=5480&channel=0


past 10 years and they plan to build three more desalination plant. Dubai has embarked on a mission to

more than treble its desalinated water capacity over the next eight to 10 years. It will invest up to $20

billion in five power and water projects.20 The UAE will be spending $3,2 billion per year (2011-2016) on

building and operating desalination plants suggests a new report by Global Water Intelligence (GWI).

This represents a 305% increase on current expenditure. UAE currently has 8,885,366 m3/d of

contracted desalination capacity, but this will rise to 13,700,138 m3/d by 2016.21

Kuwait

Several desal plants are in operation and some under construction. A recent project is the pgrading of

the Doha desal plant, a $750 million project. In addition, many smaller sites are added. Yearly, up to ten

MSF plants each with a capacity of around 60 m3/d are completed.22 Kuwaits Ministry of Electricity and

Water (MEW) issued a tender at the beginning of 2010 for a new power and desalination station to be

located at the Az-Zour North site. The scope of work encompasses the engineering, procurement and

construction of the 463,692 m3/d and 1,500MW plant, followed by a 7-year period of operation and

maintenance. Its scheduled for completion in 2013. Kuwait authorities have had previous problems

with attracting bidders for their large-scale projects. One reason has been that negative cash-flow is a

frequent occurrence for contractors undertaking large MEW-funded power and water projects due to

tough tender requirements.23

Qatar

Qatar has limited and declining groundwater and is investing in desal to cover the supply shortage. The

country has one of the longest-standing desal programs in the Middle East, with considerable

experience in the sector. The largest desal IPWW is at Ras Laffan industry complex. It is owned by the

Qatar Electricity & Water Company (QEWC) and produces 180,000 m/d. The country has around 1.4

million m3/d of desal water capacity.24 Kahramaa, Qatars General Electricity and Water Corporation is

currently tendering for construction of a 60 MGD desal plant.25 Furthermore, Qatar is aiming to build up

its water reserves so they can meet the country's needs for a week in an emergency. Existing

desalinated water reserves can last only one-and-a-half days in an emergency. The country hopes to be

ready with the increased capacity by 2012, according to the Qatar General Electricity and Water

Corporation (Kahramaa).26Plans have also been floated to combine nuclear and desal plants, something

that probably will be evaluated again after the nuclear disaster in Japan.27

20 Chantel McGrath: Renewable Desalination Market Analysis 21 GWI: Desalination Markets 2010 22

Mohamed Al-bahou: Desalination experience in Kuwait 23 http://www.globalwaterintel.com/archive/11/3/general/kuwait-offers-new-flexibility-az-zour-north-complex.html 24 http://www.desalination.biz/news/news_story.asp?id=5323&channel=0 25

http://www.meed.com/sectors/water/kahramaa-to-launch-tender-for-desalination-plant/1972990.article 26

http://www.arabianbusiness.com/qatar-eyes-water-desalination-plant-expansion-305936.html 27 http://www.ooskanews.com/middle-east-africa/qatar-desalination-among-projects-planned-nuclear-techology

http://www.globalwaterintel.com/archive/11/3/general/kuwait-offers-new-flexibility-az-zour-north-complex.htmlhttp://www.globalwaterintel.com/archive/11/3/general/kuwait-offers-new-flexibility-az-zour-north-complex.htmlhttp://www.desalination.biz/news/news_story.asp?id=5323&channel=0http://www.meed.com/sectors/water/kahramaa-to-launch-tender-for-desalination-plant/1972990.articlehttp://www.arabianbusiness.com/qatar-eyes-water-desalination-plant-expansion-305936.htmlhttp://www.ooskanews.com/middle-east-africa/qatar-desalination-among-projects-planned-nuclear-techology


Bahrain

More than 65% of water supply is from desalination, but demand exceeds supply as the population

grows. The Ras Abu Jargur RO-desalination plant has been expanded during the 2000s.28 Bahrain-based

utility Energy Central Co (ECC) started construction of the Durrat Al Bahrain site in 2009, where the

company is building a seawater RO desalination plant with an ultimate capacity of 32,000 m/d.29

Jordan

Jordan entered the worlds top 20 desal markets in 2010.30 Jordan has several small desal plants. It plans

a major $125 million project with a Red Dead Sea Conveyor (RDSC), taking seawater for RO desalination

to the Dead Sea. This mega project would aim to restore the Dead Seas water levels. The future of the

project is in doubt; the amount of brine has been estimated to be 1,050 MCM/y and the marine

environment of the Gulf of Aqaba is very fragile.31

Iraq

There are two new desal plants near Basra planned and tendered. There are also plans for small-scale

solar-powered desal plants for rural areas.

28 http://www.desalination.biz/news/magazine_article.asp?id=4702&title= 29

http://www.desalination.biz/news/news_story.asp?id=4775 30

http://www.globalwaterintel.com/archive/11/7/market-insight/desalination-market-returns.html 31 Hani Abu Qdais: Environmental impacts of the mega desalination project: the RedDead Sea conveyor

http://www.desalination.biz/news/magazine_article.asp?id=4702&title=http://www.desalination.biz/news/news_story.asp?id=4775http://www.globalwaterintel.com/archive/11/7/market-insight/desalination-market-returns.html


North Africa

Algeria

Algeria has significant indigenous energy resources and has been involved in desalination for many years

but mainly in connection with oil and gas development projects for industrial use. Most of the

population lives near the coast, but there are also small inland towns and villages with access to brackish

water. The government has recently built some small desalination plants in the vicinity of Algiers as a

temporary measure pending the construction of larger seawater reverse osmosis plants. The country

has two recently built desal plants. There are plans for series of plants with capacities ranging from

100,000 m3/d to 500,000 m3/d.

Morocco

Morocco has a semi-arid climate and the country is rapidly experiencing a decrease in available water.

Without implementing desalination techniques water scarcity will continue. The country entered the

worlds top 20 desal markets in 2010.32 Morocco has access to more than 3,500 km of coastline.

Desalination has, however, been impeded by the fact that Morocco imports 95% of its energy, as plant

require a considerable amount of energy to operate. The Office National de lEau Potable (ONEP -

National Office of Potable Water) and the Cherifien Office of Phosphates (COP) have made considerable

efforts to implement desalination plants in the south of the country. The current national production

capacity from desalination is 30,000 m3/day.

ONEP operates the countrys largest desalination plant in Laayoune. The Laayoune Seawater Reverse

Osmosis Plant is conventionally powered and has a capacity of 7,000 m3/day. ONEP chose Agadir for its

first privately financed desalination project in 2007. The plant will be located on Moroccos Atlantic

coast and will produce 45,000m3/day of desalinated water when finished.

The Secrtariat dEtat charg de lEau et de lEnvironnement (SEEE) has recently completed a nationwide

study on long-term desalination strategy. Although desalination has traditionally been confined to small-

scale applications in Morocco, approximately 70,000m3/day of new capacity is under planning and yet to

be tendered. The study also address how to approach the development of a large, new desalination

plant in the Casablanca region, with a proposed capacity of around 685,000m3/day. Morocco has a large

potential for wind and solar desalination technologies, and thus far, some small-scale projects have

demonstrated this potential. Moreover, recently completed wastewater treatment facilities are seen as

a project formula that can be replicated for future desal plants.33

Tunisia

Tunisia has four desal plants in operation, and the government had publicized plans to build 14 new RO

desal plants. The unrest might impact these plans. The countrys desal capacity is set to increase to

200,000 m/d during the next five years and 500,000 m/d by 2025.

32

http://www.globalwaterintel.com/archive/11/7/market-insight/desalination-market-returns.html 33 Chantel McGrath: Renewable Desalination Market Analysis

http://www.globalwaterintel.com/archive/11/7/market-insight/desalination-market-returns.html


Tunisia has gained very useful experience in brackish water desalination using both reverse osmosis and

electro-dialysis. These plants are located in the south of Tunisia, which is an arid zone. Additional plants

are planned; such as the first large seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant at Jerba.34 The

concession to build and operate a 50,000 m3/day plant at Jerba is tendered by the Tunisian

Government. After a pre-qualification process, three candidates have been selected.35

Egypt

A 35,000 m3/d desal plant on the Sinai peninsula is in operation since 2006, with an ongoing expansion

project. There are plans for a new larger plant in Hurghada and at the West Gulf of Suez. Egypt will be

spending $393.8m per year on building and operating desalination plants suggests a new report by

Global Water Intelligence (GWI). This represents a 120% increase on current expenditure. Egypt

currently has 652,024 m3/d of contracted desalination capacity, but this is expected to rise to 1,564,224

m3/d by 2016. During that time the cost of operating existing plants and the new plants that come on

line will rise to $172.0m, compared to $90.4m in 2010. These projections were made in late 2010 just

prior to the recent unrest, and are therefore subject to revision.36 In regards to smaller scale projects,

Ridgewood Egypt has provided over 20 local desalination plants, with capacities ranging between 500

and 6,000 cubic meters on a build, own and operate basis.37

Small Scale Projects Various small-scale renewable desalination projects have been conducted in the MENA region over the

past twenty years. A hybrid MSF-RO system driven by a dual purpose solar plant was installed in Kuwait

which produces 25m3 of water per day. Pilot projects for solar pond collectors have been carried out in

Abu Dhabi with a 120m3/day plant. In Saudi Arabia a PV-RO brackish water plant was installed and

connected to a solar still with a production of 5m3/day. The feed water of the solar still is the blow down

of the RO unit (10m3/day). A wind powered brackish water plant was piloted in Jordan and shown to be

cheaper than diesel engine brackish water systems. These were all small-scale projects that have

contributed to the general consensus that renewable desalination is a feasible option in the Middle East.

The most popular combination is MEB with thermal collectors and RO with PV technology. Solar

technology is best suited to remote, off-grid communities. Use of renewable energy is more popular in

academic circles and at test sites, but has not been as popular with decision makers, who concentrate

on large fossil-fueled desalination plant to provide potable water to large populations.38

34 The World Bank: Seawater and Brackish Water Desalination in the Middle East, North Africa and Central Asia 35 http://www.eib.org/projects/pipeline/2009/20090714.htm 36

GWI: Desalination Markets 2010 37

http://www.energyrecovery.com/index.cfm/0/0/41/17-Hurghada-Desalination-Plant-Egypt.html 38 Chantel McGrath: Renewable Desalination Market Analysis

http://www.eib.org/projects/pipeline/2009/20090714.htmhttp://www.energyrecovery.com/index.cfm/0/0/41/17-Hurghada-Desalination-Plant-Egypt.html


Trade Shows - Domestic and International

The International Desalination Association (IDA) plans to hold their 2011 conferences in Dubai, Algiers, China and Antigua. Global Water Intelligence also convenes seminars around the world.

06/04/2011 to 08/04/2011, Tianjin, China

2011 Desalination and Water Reuse International Forum

http://www.2011desal.org/english/index.html

April 18-19, 2011, Berlin, Germany

Global Water Summit 2011

http://www.watermeetsmoney.com/

27 Apr 2011 to 29 Apr 2011, Venice, Italy

ICEE - International Conference on Energy and Environment 2011

http://tradeshow.free-press-release.com/15337,icee-international-conference-on-energy-and-environment-2011.html

17/04/2011 to 20/04/2011, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

ARWADEX 2011 - International conference and exhibition on Water Desalination in the Arab Countries

http://www.arwadex.net/Defualt_en.aspx

April 2326 2012, Barcelona, Spain

Desalination for the Environment Clean Water and Energy Conference

http://www.desline.com/BarcelonaFlyer.pdf

2 May 2011 - 5 May 2011, Doha, Qatar

Project Qatar 2011 Environment and Construction Trade Show

http://tradeshow.free-press-release.com/15338,project-qatar-2011.html

May 29-31, 2011, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Gulf Environment Forum - most prestigious environmental event in the region

http://www.gulfenvironmentforum.com/

Jun. 15-18, 2011, Oran, Algeria

SIEE Pollutec Algeria 2011 - Algerias only event for water industry professionals

http://www.siee-pollutec.com/fr/

http://www.2011desal.org/english/index.htmlhttp://www.watermeetsmoney.com/http://tradeshow.free-press-release.com/15337,icee-international-conference-on-energy-and-environment-2011.htmlhttp://tradeshow.free-press-release.com/15337,icee-international-conference-on-energy-and-environment-2011.htmlhttp://www.arwadex.net/Defualt_en.aspxhttp://www.desline.com/BarcelonaFlyer.pdfhttp://tradeshow.free-press-release.com/15338,project-qatar-2011.htmlhttp://www.gulfenvironmentforum.com/http://www.siee-pollutec.com/fr/


July 18-21, 2011, Miami Beach, FL

AMTA/SEDA 2011 Joint Conference & Exposition Membranes are the Solution

http://www.membranes-amta.org/pdfs/2011MiamiExhibitorSponsorship.pdf

04/09/2011 to 09/09/2011, Perth, Australia

IDA World Congress

http://www.idadesal.org/

2nd - 3rd October 2011 - Doha, Qatar

GCC Power and Water Desalination Summit 2011

http://www.fleminggulf.com/utilities/middle-east/gcc-power-and-water-desalination-summit-2011

Mar. 6-9, 2012, Zaragoza, Spain

SMAGUA 2012 Water Tradeshow

http://www.feriazaragoza.com/

September 29-October 3, 2012, New Orleans, Louisiana WEFTEC 2012, Largest Annual Water Quality Exhibition in the World.

http://www.membranes-amta.org/pdfs/2011MiamiExhibitorSponsorship.pdfhttp://www.idadesal.org/http://www.fleminggulf.com/utilities/middle-east/gcc-power-and-water-desalination-summit-2011http://www.fleminggulf.com/utilities/middle-east/gcc-power-and-water-desalination-summit-2011http://www.feriazaragoza.com/


Trade Publications and Internet Sources

This is a listing of the leading information sources. Each of these sources contains further links to local

partners and resources.

Global Water Intelligence

International Water Industry Analysis and Project Tracking: http://www.globalwaterintel.com/

Water Sciences and Technology Association (WSTA)

GCC Water Industry Association: http://www.wstagcc.org/

International Desalination Association

http://www.idadesal.org/

D&WR

The International Desalination & Water Reuse Quarterly industry website:

http://www.desalination.biz/

Desalination Directory Online

http://www.desline.com/

World Water Council

http://www.worldwatercouncil.org/

International Water Association

http://www.iwahq.org/Home/

Water and Waste Digest

http://www.wwdmag.com/

http://www.globalwaterintel.com/http://www.wstagcc.org/http://www.idadesal.org/http://www.desalination.biz/http://www.desline.com/http://www.worldwatercouncil.org/http://www.iwahq.org/Home/http://www.wwdmag.com/


Current Desalination Projects

Below follows a up to date list of the worlds desalination projects.

Project Country Status

Bejaia Algeria Conceptual Stage

Beni Saf Algeria In construction

Cap Djinet Algeria In construction

El Oued Algeria Planned

El-Tarf Algeria Conceptual Stage

Fouka (fomerly Douaouda) Algeria In operation

Hamma Algeria In construction

Jijel Algeria Conceptual Stage

Kahrama Algeria In operation

Mactaa Algeria Contract awarded

Mostagenem Algeria In construction

Ouargla Algeria In construction

Oued Sebt Algeria Conceptual Stage

Skikda Algeria In construction

Souk Tleta (formerly Tlemcen-Sidna Ouchaa) Algeria In construction

Tamman Rasset (formerly Ain Salah) Algeria Awaiting Tender

Tns Algeria Pre-construction

Tindouf BWRO Algeria Awaiting Tender

Tlemcen-Hounaine Algeria In construction

Touggourt Algeria RFP issued

Crocus Hill BWRO Anguilla Contract awarded

Balashi (formerly Bubali) Aruba Contract awarded

ACT (Canberra) Australia On hold

Albany Seawater Desalination Plant Australia Conceptual Stage

Brisbane - Kawana Australia Abandoned

Brisbane - Marcoola, QLD Australia On hold

Brisbane North Stradbroke Island Australia Abandoned

Brisbane South Stradbroke Island Australia Abandoned

Brisbane River (Brisbane), QLD Australia Abandoned

Brows LNG SWRO Australia Conceptual Stage

Cape Riche Australia Prequalification Ongoing

Carmichael Mining Project Australia EIS Underway

Christie Beach Wastewater Treatment Plant Upgrade Australia Pre-feasibility

Curtis Island LNG Australia Accepting General Interests


Darwin, Northern Territory Australia Abandoned

Denmark Seawater Desalination Plant Australia Conceptual Stage

East Collie River, WA Australia Feasibility study in progress

Esperance, WA Australia Planned

Eyre Peninsula, SA (formerly SA Ceduna) Australia Feasibility study in progress

Hunter Valley Desalination Australia Conceptual Planning Stage

Kwinana (Perth) Australia In operation

Lytton (Brisbane River mouth), QLD Australia On hold

Miriamvale QLD Australia In construction

Oakajee Port & Rail Desalination Plant Australia Awaiting RFP

Olympic Dam (Upper Spencer Gulf) Australia Feasibility Study Ongoing

Onesteel Whyalla Plant Australia Contract awarded

Onslow Water Supply Scheme Australia Conceptual Stage

Port Germein Australia Conceptual Planning Stage

Port Stanvac Australia In construction

SE Queensland (possibly Caboolture) Australia Abandoned

Seabird to Jurien coastline (formerly Yanchep, WA) Australia On hold

Sino Iron Project Australia In construction

Southern Seawater Desalination Plant expansion Australia Planned

Sydney Australia In construction

Toukley Desalination Plant (formerly NSW Wyong) Australia Conceptual Planning Stage

Tugun Gold Coast expansion Australia Reserve Option

Tugun, Gold Coast Australia In construction

Walpole Seawater Desalination Plant Australia Conceptual Stage

Wellington Dam, WA Australia Planned

West Pilbara Water Supply Scheme augmentation Australia Planned

Wonthaggi, (Melbourne, Victoria) Australia Contract awarded

Blue Hills expansion (formerly Arawak Cay) Bahamas Contract awarded

Winton Bahamas On hold

Ad Dur Bahrain Contract awarded

Ad Dur 3 Bahrain Expected 2012/2015

Bahrain Petroenergy Complex (BPECO) Bahrain Progress Expected Soon

Durrat Al Bahrain Bahrain In construction

Hidd IWPP Bahrain In operation

Barbados Barbados On hold

Tynes Bay Bermuda In operation

Niteri SWRO Brazil RFP issued

Esterhazy New WTP, SK Canada Early Development Stage

Frank Sound, Grand Cayman Cayman Islands In operation

Agbar SWRO project, Copiap Chile Cancelled

AguasMin Chile Feasibility Study Ongoing


Antofagasta Chile Contract awarded

Arica Chile In Dispute

Atacama Sacyr Chile Conceptual Planning Stage

Central Castilla (formerly Cerro Castilla) Chile License Granted

Cerro Negro Norte Chile Awaiting Tender

Chuquicamata Chile On hold

Collahuasi Mine Chile Impact Assessment

Copiap, MOP plants Chile Awaiting Feasibility Studies

Desaladora Sur, Antofagasta Chile In planning

El Morro Chile Prequalifies Named

Esperanza Chile Contract awarded

La Chimba Chile Contract awarded

Mantoverde copper mine Chile Prequalification

Minera Candelaria Chile Contract awarded

Minera Escondida Chile Preferred Bidder Announced

Punta Totoralillo Chile In permitting

White Mountain Titanium Chile Awaiting Licence

Baosteel Group Corporation, Zhanjiang China Awaiting Approval

Cangzhou Coastal Port Chemical Industry Zone 2 China Abandoned

Caofeidian Expansion China In construction

Changxing Island Economic Zone China MOU Designed

Dalian City China In construction

Fujian Coal Group China Early Conceptual Stage

Guohua Cangdong Power Company China In construction

Huangdao, Qingdao city China Contract awarded

Huludao, Liaoning China In operation

Laoting Desalination Project China Construction Delay

Lubei, Wudi county, Binzhou city, Shandong province China In construction

Qingdao China Contract awarded

Qingdao Soda Ash (formerly Qingdao City, Shandong) China In construction

Tangshan Sanyou Group (formerly Hebei Province) China Abandoned

Tianjin China In construction

Tianjin China In construction

Wenling City, Zhejiang Province China Contract awarded

Xiangshan County, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province China Contract awarded

Yantai City China Abandoned

Zhanjiang Project of Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. China Planned

Zhejiang Zhoushan and Guangdong Nanao China Planned

Zhoushan City (Liuheng Island) in Zhejiang Province China In construction

Zhoushan Power Plant China Planned

Guanacaste Costa Rica Developers in Negotiations


Episkopi-Limassol Cyprus In construction

Kmkoy, Northern Cyprus (formerly Gzelyurt) Cyprus Contract awarded

Larnaca Cyprus In construction

Mobile plant, Yermasoyia, Limassol Cyprus Abandoned

Paphos Cyprus Contract awarded

Pre-engineered desalination unit Cyprus Abandoned

Temporary floating desal plant, east of Limassol Cyprus In operation

Vasilikos Power Station Cyprus In construction

Venus Rock Development, Paphos Cyprus Prequalification Process

Djibouti City Djibouti Contract awarded

Abu Qir Egypt Contract awarded

Hurghada Egypt Awaiting Advisory Tender

Mirage Makadi Egypt In operation

North Sinai Egypt Awaiting Advisory Tender

Red Sea, Sinai and Matrouh desalination projects Egypt Prequalification

Stella Di Makadi Egypt In operation

West Gulf of Suez Egypt Awaiting Advisory Tender

Nungua Ghana Planned

Nungua SWRO, Accra Ghana Contract awarded

Greek Islands (formerly Cycladic Islands) Greece Awaiting RFP

Tseung Kwan O Hong Kong Early Conceptual Stage

Chennai (Ennore) India Presumed online

Chennai (Minjur) India Pre-construction

Chennai 3 India Awaiting Consultancy Bids

Chennai Nemmeli India Contract awarded

Dahej SEZ SWRO India Awaiting Water Purchase

Gujarat India In operation

Karaikal, Pondicherry India Four Companies Shortlisted

Krishnapatnam Port, Andhra Pradesh India Abandoned

Kutch (FOKIA) India Contract Awarded

Kutch (GIDB) India Under Construction

Mumbai India Project Delayed

Mumbai 2 India Early Conceptual Stage

Mundra Port SEZ expansion India Awaiting Tender

NIOT Chennai India Bids submitted

Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands India Pre-RFP

Tatas Mundra Ultra Mega Power Project India Contract awarded

Tuticorin, Tamilnadu India Planned

Vadinar refinery, Gujarat India In operation

Ancol Desalination Project Indonesia In operation

Asalouyeh Iran Contract awarded


Asalouyeh Power Station Iran Planned

Assalouyeh Iran Planned

Bandar Abbas SWRO Iran Under Negotiation

Bushehr Iran On hold

Charak Port SWRO Iran RFQ Issued

Kerman Iran Planned

Kharg Island SWRO (rehabilitation) Iran Planned

Kish Iran Bids Under Evaluation

Kish MED Plant Iran Contract awarded

Lengeh Port SWRO Iran Awaiting Bids

Pars Economical Energy Zone Iran Prequalification Ongoing

Pars Site 2 Assalouyeh (Bushehr) Iran Planned

Qeshm Island (Hormozghan) Iran Planned

Qeshm SWRO Iran Shortlist announced

Ramchah SWRO, Qeshm Island Iran Awaiting Bids

Salakh Village SWRO, Qeshm Island Iran Awaiting Bids

West Bandar Abbas (Hormozghan) Iran Contract awarded

Youngi Village SWRO Jask City Iran Awaiting Tenders

Zahedan BWRO Iran Contract awarded

Dublin Region Ireland Planned

Ashdod Israel Contract awarded

Ashdod (Paz Oil Company) Israel Planned

Ashdod Municipality Plant Israel Contract awarded

Ashkelon, Hadera and Palmachim Israel Contract awarded

Ashkelon, Palmachim and Hadera expansion Israel Feasibility study in progress

Containerised desalination plants Israel Planned

Dan Region Association Israel Planned

Eilat Ashkelon Pipeline Company (EAPC) desalination plant Israel Planned

Five New Plants Israel Conceptual Stage

Granot expansion Israel Approved By Government

Hadera Israel Approval Delayed

Hadera Industrial Zone Israel Planned

Hadera inland Israel Planned

Jordan Valley BWRO Israel RFEI Issued

Kfar Masaryk Israel Project in Development

Lahat Israel Final Approval Received

Lahat site near Ashkelon Israel In construction

Maagan Michael Israel Hydrological Survey Ongoing

Red-Dead Sea Canal project Israel Feasibility Study Ongoing

Rishon Le Zion Israel Project Under Review


Sabha Israel Planned

Sabha expansion Israel Planned

Soreq (formerly Shafdan) Israel In construction

Soreq 2 Israel Approval Received

Temporary desalination plants Israel Planned

Timna Israel Planned

Western Galilee Israel Conceptual Stage

Vulcano, Aeolian Islands Italy Awaiting RFP

Aqaba Jordan In dispute

Jordan Red Sea Project Phase 1 Jordan Awaiting Bids

Aktau SWRO Kazakhstan Feasibility Study in Progress

MAEK Kazatomprom Power Plant Kazakhstan Presumed online

Az-Zour North Kuwait Abandoned

Az-Zour North 1 IWPP Kuwait Bidder Announced

Az-Zour North Stages 2-5 Kuwait Conceptual Stage

Az-Zour North SWRO Kuwait Abandoned

Az-Zour South hybridisation Kuwait Contract awarded

Doha East Kuwait Tender Re-issued 2012

Doha East Redevelopment Kuwait Conceptual Stage

Doha West Redevelopment Kuwait Conceptual Stage

Khirran IWPP Kuwait Advisory RFP Issued

Shuaiba North Redevelopment Kuwait Conceptual Stage

Shuaibah South Kuwait Tender Expected Soon

Shuwaikh Kuwait In construction

Abu Taraba extension Libya Conceptual Stage

Benghazi Libya Conceptual Stage

Benghazi North Libya Abandoned

Benghazi South Libya Abandoned

Darna extension Libya Tender Expected 2014-2016

Derna Libya In construction

Jfara Libya Tender Expected 2014-2016

Misurata Libya Tender Expected 2010-2016

Sirte Libya Tender Expected 2014-2016

Sirte ext. Libya Abandoned

Soussa Libya In operation

Soussa extension Libya Tender Expected 2014-2016

Tobruk Libya Contract awarded

Tobruk Cogen Libya Abandoned

Tripoli Libya Abandoned

Tripoli East Libya Tender Expected 2010-2013

Zawia Libya Tender Expected 2017-2020


Zawia Phase 2 Libya In construction

Zueitina Libya Abandoned

Zwara Libya Tender Expected 2017-2020

Zwara extension Libya In operation

South Province SWRO plants Maldives Contract awarded

Mauritius Mauritius Planned

Acapulco SWRO Mexico Conceptual Stage

Cabo San Lucas Expansion Mexico Feasibility Ongoing

El Salitral, Ensenada, Baja California Mexico In planning

Ensenada Rural Mexico Tender Process Ongoing

Hermosillo Mexico Abandoned

Ixtapa, Zihuatanejo Mexico Feasibility Studies Underway

La Mision Mexico Conceptual Planning Stage

La Paz, Baja California Sur Mexico Awaiting Tender

Maravia Country Club Mexico Presumed online

Planta San Carlos (formerly Empalme, Sonora) Mexico Conceptual Stage

Puerto Peasco, Sonora Mexico Cross-border Negotiation

Rosarito (NSC Agua) Mexico Preconstruction Stage

Rosarito Beach (SDCWA) Mexico Feasibility Stage Ongoing

Rosarito-Tijuana Mexico Early Conceptual Stage

San Quintin, Baja California Mexico Pre-study Phase

Tijuana-La Mision-Ensenada, Baja California Mexico Awaiting Tender

Agadir Morocco Awaiting Bids

Al Hoceima Morocco Tender Expected 2013

Boujdor Morocco Bids Under Evaluation

Chtouka Morocco Tender Expected End 2012

Dakhla Morocco Abandoned

Dakhla BWRO Morocco Planned

Essaouira SWRO Morocco Conceptual Stage

Jorf Lasfar Morocco Planned

Laayoune Morocco Presumed online

Laayoune SWRO extension Morocco Tender Expected 2013

Nador Morocco Planned

Safi Morocco EOI Expected 2013

Sidi Ifni Morocco Phase 1 Expected 2013

Tan Tan Morocco Planned

Tan-Tan and Guelmim Morocco Prefeasibility Study

Mile 6 (formerly Swakopmund) Namibia Awaiting Bids

Swakopmund, Valenica uranium deposit Namibia Planned

Uramin Wlotzkasbaken (formerly Swakopmund) Namibia In construction

Aruba Neth. Antilles Presumed online


Al Ghubrah IWP Oman RFP Issued

Containerised RO plant Oman Contract awarded

Duqm Oman Conceptual Stage

Mina Al-Fahal Oman In operation

Mukhaizna Oman In operation

New IWPP, likely to be at Barka or Sohar Oman Planned

Quhreiat Oman Conceptual Stage

Salalah 2 Oman Conceptual Planning Stage

Sohar Oman In operation

Sohar (#2) Oman In construction

Sohar Industrial Port Oman Contract awarded

Sur Oman In construction

Suwaiq IWP Oman Conceptual Stage

The Wave, Muscat Oman Tender Expected Soon

Tibat, Musandam governorate Oman RFP Issued

Yiti Beach/Shinas Oman Contract awarded

DHA Karachi Pakistan Contract awarded

Gwadar Industrial Estate Pakistan Abandoned

Hawkes Bay Pakistan Planned

Karachi Pakistan Planned

Korangi (merged with Port Qasim) Pakistan Planned

Port Qasim Seawater Desalination Pakistan Prefeasibility Study

Gaza Desalination Plant Palestine Awaiting Tender

Aguas de Lima Sur II (formerly Lima South) Peru Tender Expected May 2012

Lima North Peru Conceptual Stage

Tia Maria Copper Mine Peru On Hold

Bay City Philippines On hold

Putatan WTP expansion Philippines Bids Under Evaluation

Rizal WTP Philippines RFP Expected Soon

Cao Tiburones Puerto Rico Water Study Ongoing

Abu Samra Qatar Tender Process Ongoing

Mesaieed Industrial City (Facility B) Qatar Contract awarded

New RO plant Qatar Awaiting Bids

Ras Abu Fontas A2 Qatar Awaiting Bids

Ras Abu Fontas refurb Qatar Contract awarded

Ras Laffan (Pearl GTL Project) Qatar In construction

Ras Laffan C Expansion Qatar Under Negotiation

Solar-powered desalination plants Qatar Feasibility Study Underway

Al Khafji Saudi Arabia Project Design Complete

Al Khafji solar-powered SWRO Saudi Arabia Early Stage of Procurement

Al Wajh Phase 3 Saudi Arabia Presumed online


Al-Khafji Phase 3 Saudi Arabia Abandoned

Al-Khobar 2 expansion Saudi Arabia Tender Process Ongoing

Alleeth Phase 1 Saudi Arabia Presumed online

Al-Waji 4 Saudi Arabia Re-tender Delayed

Barge Saudi Arabia In operation

Duba Phase 4 Saudi Arabia Design Stage

Farasan Phase 2 Saudi Arabia In operation

Gasan Industrial RO Plant Saudi Arabia Early Conceptual Stage

Haql phase 3 Saudi Arabia Design Stage

Jeddah Saudi Arabia In construction

Jeddah Phase 3 Saudi Arabia In construction

Jizan Economic City Saudi Arabia Bids Under Evaluation

Jubai Saudi Arabia Contract awarded

Jubail (Marafiq) Saudi Arabia In construction

Jubail Phase 3 Saudi Arabia Abandoned

Jubail RO upgrade Saudi Arabia Planned

Khobar 4 IWPP Saudi Arabia Conceptual Stage

King Abdullah Economic City Saudi Arabia Decisions Expected Soon

Qunfuthah Phase 1 Saudi Arabia Contract awarded

Rabigh IWSPP Stage 2 Saudi Arabia Awaiting Bids

Rabigh Phase 3 Saudi Arabia Design Stage

Ras Azzour Saudi Arabia Contract awarded

Ras Azzour Maaden aluminium Saudi Arabia Contract awarded

Ras Azzour Maaden phosphate Saudi Arabia In construction

Ras Tanura Saudi Arabia Awaiting RFP

Shoaiba 4 IWPP Saudi Arabia Conceptual Stage

Shoaiba Phase 3 Saudi Arabia Planned

Shuqaiq 3 IWPP Saudi Arabia Conceptual Stage

Shuqaiq Phase 2 Saudi Arabia In construction

SWRO-4/5 Portable Water Project Saudi Arabia Awaiting Bids

Ummluj Phase 3 Saudi Arabia Contract awarded

Wasia BWRO Saudi Arabia Awaiting Bids

Yanbu Saudi Arabia Bids Under Evaluation

Yanbu (Marafiq) Saudi Arabia Contract awarded

Yanbu (Marafiq) 2 Saudi Arabia Bids submitted

Yanbu 3 Saudi Arabia Bidders Announced

Yanbu MED Saudi Arabia Contract awarded

Multi-plant rehabilitation and upgrade package Seychelles Contract awarded

Tuas II Singapore Preferred bidder announced

Elektrrne Novky thermal power station, Bratislava Slovakia In operation

Cape Town SWRO South Africa Bids Under Evaluation


Coastal cities including Cape Town and Durban South Africa Planned

Durban SWRO South Africa Contract Awarded

Lamberts Bay South Africa On Hold

Plettenberg Bay South Africa Planned

Port Elizabeth, Coega Industrial Development Zone South Africa In construction

Saldhana Bay South Africa Contract awarded

Swartkops South Africa Planned

Adeje Arona/Sur de Tenerife Phase II Spain In operation

Adra, Almeria Spain Conceptual Stage

Aguilas, Murcia Spain In construction

Aguilas/Guadalentn, Murcia Spain In construction

Alcudia Spain In construction

Alicante II (ex Canal de Alicante) Spain Presumed online

Alicante Phase 2 Spain Presumed online

Almenara, Castelln Spain Abandoned

Almuecar, Granada Spain Project not Implemented

Alt Empord, Catalunya Spain Contract awarded

Andratx Spain In operation

Bajo Almanzora, Almeria Spain In construction

Balsa del Sapo, Almera Spain Planned

Calpe/Marina Alta, Alicante Spain Impact Assessment Ongoing

Campo de Cartagena, Murcia Spain Conceptual Stage

Campo de Dalas, Almeria Spain Pre-construction

Carboneras II Spain Early Planning Stage

City of Ceuta Phase 2 Spain In construction

Ciutadella de Menorca Spain In construction

Denia, Alicante Spain Contract awarded

Desalination for the Costa del Sol Spain Planned

El Campello, Alicante Spain Contract awarded

El Mojn, Murcia Phase II Spain Planned

El Prat del Llobregat 2, Catalunya Spain In construction

El Prat del Llobregat, Catalunya Spain In operation

Embalse de Guadalhorce, Malaga Spain Abandoned

Foix/Cunit, Tarragona Spain Project Postpond

Granadilla, Tenerife Spain Contract awarded

Guadalentin Spain Presumed online

Guardamar/Vega Baja, Alicante Spain Awaiting Impact Approval

Gua de Isora, Tenerife Spain Contract awarded

Janubio, Lanzarote Spain Contract awarded

Jvea, Alicante Phase II Spain Abandoned

La Caleta, Tenerife Spain In construction


La Pedrera, Alicante Spain Abandoned

L'Alacanti y Marina Baja, Alicante Spain Planned

Lanzarote V, Canary Islands Spain Contract awarded

Las Palmas IV, Gran Canaria Spain Conceptual Stage

Las Palmas V, Gran Canaria Spain Conceptual Stage

Levante de Mallorca, Balearics Spain Under Consideration

Llanadas BWRO Spain Conceptual Stage

Mahon, Menorca, Balearics Spain Under Consideration

Marbella, Malaga refit Spain In operation

Marina Alta/Calpe, Alicante Spain Abandoned

Marina Baja/El Campello/Mutxamel, Alicante Spain In construction

Marina Baja/Mutxamel Phase II, Alicante Spain Conceptual Stage

Mazarrn, Murcia Spain Abandoned

Melilla BWRO Spain Project Announced

Melilla Phase II, Melilla Spain Awaiting Tender

Mijas, Fuengirola Spain In construction

Moncfar, Castelln Spain In construction

Oropesa, Castelln Spain In construction

Pilar de la Horadada, Alicante Phase 2 Spain Contract awarded

Puerto de Rosario, Fuerteventura Spain Contract awarded

Rincon de Leon, Alicante Spain In operation

Rincn, Malaga Spain Conceptual Planning Stage

River Guadalhorce BWRO Spain Conceptual Stage

Sagunto, Valencia Spain In construction

San Bartolom and Mogn, Gran Canaria Spain Conceptual Stage

Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canaries Extension Spain In planning

Telde, Gran Canaria Spain In operation

Tordera, Catalunya Expansion Spain Contract awarded

Tordera, Catalunya II Spain Project Postponed

Torrevieja (ex.Tajo-Segura Transfer), Alicante/Murcia Spain In construction

Valdelentisco, Murcia Spain In construction

Valdelentisco, Murcia Spain In operation

Valle de Gimar, Tenerife Spain RFP Issued

Valle Guerra, Tenerife Spain Conceptual Stage

Vinalop/LAlacant, Alicante Spain In construction

Taoyuan Taiwan Contract awarded

Chaguaramas Trin. and Tobago Abandoned

Cove (Southwestern Tobago) Trin. and Tobago Abandoned

Cove Industrial Estate Trin. and Tobago Abandoned

Erin Trin. and Tobago Abandoned

La Brea (Point Fortin) Trin. and Tobago Abandoned


Mayaro Trin. and Tobago Abandoned

Ortoire Trin. and Tobago Abandoned

Point Lisas Expansion Trin. and Tobago Abandoned

Point Lisas Powergen Trin. and Tobago Abandoned

Pointe-a-Pierre Refinery Trin. and Tobago Awaiting Invitation to Bid

Djerba Tunisia Project Re-tendered

Kerkennah Tunisia Seeking Funding for Studies

Phase 1 Southern Tunisia brackish water plants Tunisia Awaiting Contract Reward

Phase 2, Southern Tunisia brackish water plants Tunisia Contract Awarded

Sfax Tunisia Awaiting Tender

Zaarat Tunisia Awaiting Contract Award

Avsa Turkey In operation

Colakoglu Steel Mill Turkey Presumed online

Famagusta (Magusa), Northern Cyprus Turkey Planning Stage

Istanbul Turkey Conceptual Stage

Nuh Cimento, Gulf of Izmit Turkey Presumed online

Abu Dhabi Port Authority UAE Contract awarded

Abu Dhabi, Desert Islands UAE Conceptual Phase

Al Hamra UAE On hold

Al Zawrah 2, Ajman UAE Contract awarded

Al Zawrah, Ajman UAE Contract awarded

Desalination plant refurbishment at E Station Phase 1, Jebel Ali UAE Bids Under Review

Dubal SWRO UAE Abandoned

Emals Emirates Aluminium Project UAE In construction

Fujairah Fresh Water SWRO UAE Prequalification

Fujairah 1 SWRO expansion UAE Preferred Bidder Announced

Fujairah 2 UAE Contract awarded

Ghalilah, Ras Al Khaimah UAE Bids submitted

Hamriyah UAE In construction

Hamriyah IV MED UAE Awaiting Contract Award

Hamriyah IV SWRO UAE Awaiting Contract Award

Hassyan 2 (formerly P Station Hassyan Phase 1) UAE Expected After Hassyan IPP

Hassyan IWPP UAE Planned

Hydrogen power and desalination plant, Abu Dhabi UAE Awaiting Contract Award

Jafza UAE Bids Under Evaluation

Jebel Ali L Phase 2 UAE In construction

Jebel Ali M UAE Contract awarded

Jebel Ali M Phase 2 UAE Planned

Jebel Ali N UAE Contract awarded

Layyah UAE Planned


Layyah/Khor Fakkan UAE In operation

Masdar UAE Preliminary Stage

Mina Rashid UAE Awaiting Tender

Mirfa IWPP UAE Early Conceptual Stage

N Station UAE Planning Stage

New plant and relocation, Ajman UAE Contract awarded

Palm Jebel Ali (including Madinat Al Arab) UAE Three Bidders Shortlisted

RAK Ceramics UAE Planned

RAK Petroleum UAE Conceptual Stage

Ras Al Khaimah UAE Contract awarded

Saadiyat Island UAE Awaiting Bids

Shuweihat 2 UAE Contract awarded

Shuweihat 3 IPP UAE Open for Desal Component

Takreer desalination plant UAE Planned

Taweelah C IWPP UAE Expected After Shuweihat 3

Two SWRO Plants, Northern Emirates UAE RFP Expected Soon

Umm Al Nar UAE Developers in Negotiations

Umm Al Quwain UAE Contract awarded

Brighton United Kingdom Plant Under Consideration

London United Kingdom In construction

Newhaven United Kingdom Long-term Supply for 2035

Alamogordo New BWRO Plant, NM United States Project Under Evaluation

Baker Water United States In construction

Bay Area Regional Desalination Project (BARDP) United States Site Studies Ongoing

Broward County New RO Plant, FL United States Tender Expected 2015

Brownsville, TX United States On Hold

Calleguas Creek United States RFP Issued

Cambria, CA United States In Permitting

Camp Pendleton United States Feasibility Studies Ongoing

Cape Coral, FL United States In construction

Carlsbad SWRO, CA United States Conceptual Stage

Carlton Water Treatment Facility, Sarasota, FL United States Contract Awarded

Chino II expansion, CA United States RFP issued

City of Kenedy, TX United States Contract awarded

City of San Angelo, TX United States Abandoned

Clearwater, FL United States Plant 2 to be Tendered Soon

Coastal Water Project, Monterey County, CA United States Planned

Coquina Coast, FL United States Conceptual Stage

Corpus Christi/Flour Bluff, TX United States Pre-feasibility

Dominguez Gap Barrier Project United States Abandoned

East Hanover, NJ United States Permitting/Funding Stage


El Paso, TX United States In operation

Florida Keys, FL United States In construction

Fort Myers, FL United States Planned

Freeport, TX United States Abandoned

Galveston, Texas City &League City Desal, TX United States Early Conceptual Stage

Granbury BWRO, TX United States Awaiting Approval

Green Meadows BWRO, FL United States Design Ongoing

Guadalupe-Blanco SWRO, TX United States Prefeasibility Study Ongoing

Gulf of Mexico to supply San Antonio, TX United States RFQ for Feasibility on Hold

H2Ocean Cristina United States Awaiting Impact Studies

Haverstraw, NY (formerly Rockland) BWRO United States Awaiting Approval

Hialeah, FL United States Contract awarded

Hull, MA United States On hold

Huntington Beach, CA United States Permitting Process

Kalaeloa, HI United States Abandoned

Keansburg, NJ United States Contract awarded

Laguna Madre, TX United States Conceptual Stage

Long Beach, CA United States Pilot Study Ongoing

Los Angeles Harbour Area United States Abandoned

Marin County (formerly San Rafael), CA United States On hold

Mid Pinellas, FL United States Abandoned

Monterey County Regional Desalination United States Decision Expected 2014

Morro Bay United States Presumed online

Moss Landing/Duke Energy site, CA United States Contract awarded

Moss Landing/Kaiser Refractory site, CA United States Early Stage of Planning

Oceanside, CA United States Feasibility Study Completed

Odessa BWRO, TX United States RFP Issued

Oldsmar City, FL United States In construction

Otay River, CA United States Planned

Oxnard, CA United States In construction

Pioneers District New RO Plant, SC United States Location Changed-Delayed

Playa del Rey (Scattergood Generating Station), CA United States On hold

Port St Lucie, FL United States On hold

Rancho Dominguez, CA United States Abandoned

Reynolds brackish ground water facility (Chula Vista) United States Awaiting Tender

Rio West, NM United States On Hold

Rockland, NY United States Contract awarded

San Antonio BWRO, TX United States Contract Awarded

San Joaquin River, CA United States On Hold

San Luis Obispo, CA United States On Hold

Sand City, Monterey, CA United States In construction


Santa Barbara, CA United States Long-term Possibility

Santa Barbara, William B. Cater Advanced Water Treatment Project United States Planned

Santa Clarita New RO plant, CA United States Conceptual Stage

Santa Cruz SWRO, CA United States EIR Expected Soon

Scottsdale Water Campus AWT expansion United States In construction

Seminole, TX United States Awaiting Contract Award

Somerset County, Maryland United States Contract awarded

South Florida United States Abandoned

South Orange Coastal Ocean Desalination Project (Dana Point, CA) United States Feasibility Study Ongoing

Southwest Groundwater Treatment Plant, Utah United States Contract awarded

Swansea. MA United States In operation

Tarpon Springs, FL United States In permitting

Taunton River United States In operation

Taunton River, MA United States In operation

Texas BWRO, TX United States RFP Issued

West Basin, CA United States Feasibility Study Awarded

Withlacoochee United States Planned

Paraguan Refinery Complex Venezuela In construction

Paraquita Bay Virgin Islands, U.K. Contract awarded

St Thomas and St Croix Virgin Islands, U.S. Contract awarded

Mocha Yemen Development Agreement

Taiz Yemen Feasibility Study Underway


Bibliography http://www.gulfbase.com/site/interface/NewsArchiveDetails.aspx?n=98458 The World Bank: Seawater and Brackish Water Desalination in the Middle East and North Africa

GWI: Desalination Markets 2010

http://www.globalwaterintel.com/gwi-downgrades-desalination-market-expectations-201011/

Neil Callahan: Integration of Power Generation and Water Desalination Operations

http://www.ge.com/mea/docs/brochure_sa_english.pdf

http://www.dcbureau.org/201103081301/Natural-Resources-News-Service/the-water-business-desalination-means-big-business-to-california-industry.html

http://www.carlsbad-desal.com/

Chantel McGrath: Renewable Desalination Market Analysis

Global Water Intelligence: Vol 10, Issue 10 (October 2009)

Research and Markets: GCC Power & Water Desalination Industry Overview 2010

http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/untd_arab_em/index.stm

http://www.ibm.com/news/sa/en/2010/03/31/z337573t40642u34.html

http://msdssearch.dow.com/PublishedLiteratureDOWCOM/dh_0259/0901b80380259476.pdf?filepath=liquidseps/pdfs/noreg/609-00619.pdf&fromPage=GetDoc

http://www.desalination.biz/news/news_story.asp?id=5480&channel=0

Mohamed Al-bahou: Desalination experience in Kuwait

http://www.globalwaterintel.com/archive/11/3/general/kuwait-offers-new-flexibility-az-zour-north-complex.html

http://www.desalination.biz/news/news_story.asp?id=5323&channel=0

http://www.meed.com/sectors/water/kahramaa-to-launch-tender-for-desalination-plant/1972990.article

http://www.arabianbusiness.com/qatar-eyes-water-desalination-plant-expansion-305936.html

http://www.ooskanews.com/middle-east-africa/qatar-desalination-among-projects-planned-nuclear-techology

http://www.desalination.biz/news/magazine_article.asp?id=4702&title=

http://www.desalination.biz/news/news_story.asp?id=4775


Hani Abu Qdais: Environmental impacts of the mega desalination project: the RDSC


http://www.gulfbase.com/site/interface/NewsArchiveDetails.aspx?n=98458http://www.globalwaterintel.com/gwi-downgrades-desalination-market-expectations-201011/http://www.ge.com/mea/docs/brochure_sa_english.pdfhttp://www.dcbureau.org/201103081301/Natural-Resources-News-Service/the-water-business-desalination-means-big-business-to-california-industry.htmlhttp://www.dcbureau.org/201103081301/Natural-Resources-News-Service/the-water-business-desalination-means-big-business-to-california-industry.htmlhttp://www.carlsbad-desal.com/http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/untd_arab_em/index.stmhttp://www.ibm.com/news/sa/en/2010/03/31/z337573t40642u34.htmlhttp://msdssearch.dow.com/PublishedLiteratureDOWCOM/dh_0259/0901b80380259476.pdf?filepath=liquidseps/pdfs/noreg/609-00619.pdf&fromPage=GetDochttp://msdssearch.dow.com/PublishedLiteratureDOWCOM/dh_0259/0901b80380259476.pdf?filepath=liquidseps/pdfs/noreg/609-00619.pdf&fromPage=GetDochttp://www.desalination.biz/news/news_story.asp?id=5480&channel=0http://www.globalwaterintel.com/archive/11/3/general/kuwait-offers-new-flexibility-az-zour-north-complex.htmlhttp://www.globalwaterintel.com/archive/11/3/general/kuwait-offers-new-flexibility-az-zour-north-complex.htmlhttp://www.desalination.biz/news/news_story.asp?id=5323&channel=0http://www.meed.com/sectors/water/kahramaa-to-launch-tender-for-desalination-plant/1972990.articlehttp://www.meed.com/sectors/water/kahramaa-to-launch-tender-for-desalination-plant/1972990.articlehttp://www.arabianbusiness.com/qatar-eyes-water-desalination-plant-expansion-305936.htmlhttp://www.ooskanews.com/middle-east-africa/qatar-desalination-among-projects-planned-nuclear-techologyhttp://www.ooskanews.com/middle-east-africa/qatar-desalination-among-projects-planned-nuclear-techologyhttp://www.desalination.biz/news/magazine_article.asp?id=4702&title=http://www.desalination.biz/news/news_story.asp?id=4775http://www.globalwaterintel.com/archive/11/7/market-insight/desalination-market-returns.htmlhttp://www.globalwaterintel.com/archive/11/7/market-insight/desalination-market-returns.htmlhttp://www.globalwaterintel.com/archive/11/7/market-insight/desalination-market-returns.htmlhttp://www.globalwaterintel.com/archive/11/7/market-insight/desalination-market-returns.html


http://www.eib.org/projects/pipeline/2009/20090714.htm

http://www.energyrecovery.com/index.cfm/0/0/41/17-Hurghada-Desalination-Plant-Egypt.html

http://www.eib.org/projects/pipeline/2009/20090714.htmhttp://www.energyrecovery.com/index.cfm/0/0/41/17-Hurghada-Desalination-Plant-Egypt.html

120814 desalination segment report

Documents

mena desalination industry

pacific highway san

official opinion of

water sector

authors opinion

power sector

indirect damages

specific business action