1.3) Understandingthe Problem

• The first stage in the system development cycle is understanding the problem.

• The exact nature of the problem must be determined, then there needs to be an analysis of whether an information system can be a solution.

• A clear problem statement must be created at this stage.

• This involves a preliminary investigation, a requirement report & (ideally) prototyping.

• A preliminary investigation is also called a requirement definition.

• It determines whether a quick fix will solve the problem or a new system is necessary.

• It takes in account the needs and concerns of all the participants.

• Data is collected to understand the problem and develop a solution.

• The requirement report is a statement about the need for a new system.

• It outlines the aims and objectives of the new system and how it will help the organisation.

• It also provides an overview of the new system in terms of:

• data / information• information processes• information technology

• It is used to develop potential solutions to the problem.

• A prototype is a working model of a proposed information system.

• They help to:• understand the requirements of the new system

• define the problem to be solved• determine how an information system can help

• test possible information system features

• A prototype may contain data screens, a sample database or formulae that produce approximate results.

• It is often a repetitive process used to clarify issues.

• As a prototype is shown to the participants they evaluate it and suggest improvements, then a new prototype is made and the process begins again.

• The three main advantages of a prototype are:

• participants will understand the proposed system better

• participants are more involved in decision making

• the new system is easier to create from a prototype.