11,500 year old stone monuments in turkey (march 2, 2010)

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  • 8/2/2019 11,500 Year Old Stone Monuments in Turkey (March 2, 2010)

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    al Warming: 11,500 Year Old Stone Monuments in Turkey

    //globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/11500-year-old-stone-monuments-in.html[4/30/2010 5:05:08 AM]

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    Tuesday, March 2, 2010

    11,500 Year Old Stone Monument s in Turkey

    This is the earliest known example of stone based monumentalism

    and appears to predate formal settlement and the related agriculture.

    Our own example of Pacific Northwest wood based monumentalism

    informs us that any economy that encouraged assembly also

    encouraged this form of building.

    This looks rather like a series of clan temples to clan gods or

    ancestral spirits at a favored gathering locale used to mine flint.

    One imagines hunting groups coming here to restock flint and trade

    with other clans. It fits nicely into the expected life way that had itsorigins in the Pleistocene. I think the clan god idea is a bit

    ambitious when ancestor worship was common among nomads

    It surely was a focus for clans a couple hundred miles in all

    directions. The stone structures were likely preceded by cairns and

    even wood. The presence of flint suggests that this locale had been

    in use for thousands of years during the heyday of big game

    hunting.

    I am pleased to see such stone work is readily present this early.

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  • 8/2/2019 11,500 Year Old Stone Monuments in Turkey (March 2, 2010)

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    al Warming: 11,500 Year Old Stone Monuments in Turkey

    //globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/11500-year-old-stone-monuments-in.html[4/30/2010 5:05:08 AM]

    Remember my comment about lack of evidence is not evidence of

    lack. We now know it was possible to build stone monuments for all

    of twelve millennia. Their lack is only a measure of desire.

    A lot is made of new gods. I suspect that technology made

    settlement possible largely ending nomadic existence. The clan

    gods simply moved to their new villages and took up residence

    there. The hill top slowly lost importance.

    History in the Remaking

    A temple complex in Turkey that predates even the pyramids is

    rewriting the story of human .

    http://www.newsweek.com/id/233844/page/3

    A pillar at the Gobekli Tepe temple near Sanliurfa, Turkey, the

    oldest known temple in the world

    ByPatrick Symmes

    Published Feb 19, 2010

    From the magazine issue dated Mar 1, 2010

    They call it potbelly hill, after the soft, round contour of this final

    lookout in southeastern Turkey. To the north are forested mountains.

    East of the hill lies the biblical plain of Harran, and to the south is

    the Syrian border, visible 20 miles away, pointing toward the ancient

    lands of Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent, the region that gave

    rise to human civilization. And under our feet, according to

    archeologist Klaus Schmidt, are the stones that mark the spotthe

    exact spotwhere humans began that ascent.

    Standing on the hill at dawn, overseeing a team of 40 Kurdish

    diggers, the German-born archeologist waves a hand over his

    discovery here, a revolution in the story of human origins. Schmidthas uncovered a vast and beautiful temple complex, a structure so

    ancient that it may be the very first thing human beings ever built.

    The site isn't just old, it redefines old: the temple was built 11,500

    years agoa staggering 7,000 years before the Great Pyramid, and

    more than 6,000 years before Stonehenge first took shape. The

    ruins are so early that they predate villages, pottery, domesticated

    animals, and even agriculturethe first embers of civilization. In fact,

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lobalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/biblical-plagues-science.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/north-korea-on-verge-of-collapse.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/north-korea-on-verge-of-collapse.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/atlantic-conveyor-not-slowing.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/sub-sea-volcano-near-italy.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/continuing-bee-collapse.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/global-agriculture-needs-radical-change.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/global-agriculture-needs-radical-change.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/heaven-and-science.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010_03_01_archive.htmlhttp://void%280%29/http://void%280%29/http://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010_04_01_archive.htmlhttp://void%280%29/http://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/search?updated-min=2010-01-01T00%3A00%3A00-08%3A00&updated-max=2011-01-01T00%3A00%3A00-08%3A00&max-results=50http://void%280%29/http://void%280%29/http://search.newsweek.com/search?byline=patrick%20symmeshttp://www.newsweek.com/id/233844/page/3
  • 8/2/2019 11,500 Year Old Stone Monuments in Turkey (March 2, 2010)

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    al Warming: 11,500 Year Old Stone Monuments in Turkey

    //globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/11500-year-old-stone-monuments-in.html[4/30/2010 5:05:08 AM]

    Schmidt thinks the temple itself, built after the end of the last Ice

    Age by hunter-gatherers, became that emberthe spark that

    launched mankind toward farming, urban life, and all that followed.

    Global Greats

    With pundits speculating about the end of American global

    dominance, a look back on the rise and fall of the world's great

    powers.

    Gbekli Tepethe name in Turkish for "potbelly hill"lays art and

    religion squarely at the start of that journey. After a dozen years of

    patient work, Schmidt has uncovered what he thinks is definitive

    proof that a huge ceremonial site flourished here, a "Rome of the

    Ice Age," as he puts it, where hunter-gatherers met to build a

    complex religious community. Across the hill, he has found carved

    and polished circles of stone, with terrazzo flooring and double

    benches. All the circles feature massive T-shaped pillars that evoke

    the monoliths of Easter Island.

    Though not as large as Stonehengethe biggest circle is 30 yards

    across, the tallest pillars 17 feet highthe ruins are astonishing in

    number. Last year Schmidt found his third and fourth examples of

    the temples. Ground-penetrating radar indicates that another 15 to

    20 such monumental ruins lie under the surface. Schmidt's German-

    Turkish team has also uncovered some 50 of the huge pillars,

    including two found in his most recent dig season that are not just

    the biggest yet, but, according to , are the oldest

    monumental artworks in the world.

    The new discoveries are finally beginning to reshape the slow-

    moving consensus of archeology. Gbekli Tepe is "unbelievably big

    and amazing, at a ridiculously early date," according to Ian Hodder,

    director of Stanford's archeology program. Enthusing over the "huge

    great stones and fantastic, highly refined art" at Gbekli, Hodder

    who has spent decades on rival Neolithic sitessays: "Many people

    think that it changes everythingIt overturns the whole apple cart.

    All our theories were wrong."

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    Wind Changes Assoc ia ted w i thArc t i c Sea Ice Losses. ..

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    Test

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    New Solar energy f rom Peas

    Edi to r ia l In Nature on C l imateSc ience

    Musk Ox His tor i c Dec l ine

    Photos f rom Texas I I I

    US Economy Fal ters as ObamaFidd les w i th Hea l thcar .. .

    Sk in Cancer Treatment

    carbon dating

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l-in-nature-on-climate-science.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/new-solar-energy-from-peas.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/financial-contraction-phase-ii.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/cryptoterrestrials.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/wild-bison-restoration.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/dr-congo-ring-formation-teases.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/dr-congo-ring-formation-teases.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/peak-oil-as-soon-as-2014.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/man-eaters.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/game-harvesting-in-america.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/solar-corona-imaged-in-marshalls.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/solar-corona-imaged-in-marshalls.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/palestine-end-game.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/man-eating-wolves-kill-alaskan-teacher.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/man-eating-wolves-kill-alaskan-teacher.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/retrofits-for-rednecks.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/thai-passes-milestone.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/wise-hunts-nemesis-death-star.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/wise-hunts-nemesis-death-star.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/cro-magnom-skull-20-larger.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/reforming-russian-order-of-battle.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/reforming-russian-order-of-battle.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/bluefin-tuna-farmed-in-japan.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/ultra-efficient-gasoline-engine-test.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/ultra-efficient-gasoline-engine-test.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/smart-nano-particles-target-cancer.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/smart-nano-particles-target-cancer.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/usa-healthcare-and-myth-of-competition.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/usa-healthcare-and-myth-of-competition.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/icelandic-volcanic-eruption-cycle.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/icelandic-volcanic-eruption-cycle.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/angell-falls-photo-album.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/military-procurement-reform.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/marine-reserves-restore-food-chains.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/marine-reserves-restore-food-chains.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/autisms-extraordinary-perception.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/autisms-extraordinary-perception.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/wind-changes-associated-with-arctic-sea.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/wind-changes-associated-with-arctic-sea.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/co2-halo-effect.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/gribble-worm-catalyst-for-biofuel.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/gribble-worm-catalyst-for-biofuel.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/how-to-fail-at-financial-reform.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/ten-predictions-for-housing-future.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/ten-predictions-for-housing-future.htmlhttp://globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/wave-photos-i.htmlhttp://www.newsweek.com/id/204582
  • 8/2/2019 11,500 Year Old Stone Monuments in Turkey (March 2, 2010)

    4/9

    al Warming: 11,500 Year Old Stone Monuments in Turkey

    //globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/11500-year-old-stone-monuments-in.html[4/30/2010 5:05:08 AM]

    Schmidt's thesis is simple and bold: it was the urge to worship that

    brought mankind together in the very first urban conglomerations.

    The need to build and maintain this temple, he says, drove the

    builders to seek stable food sources, like grains and animals that

    could be domesticated, and then to settle down to guard their new

    way of life. The temple begat the city.

    This theory reverses a standard chronology of human origins, in

    which primitive man went through a "Neolithic revolution" 10,000 to

    12,000 years ago. In the old model, shepherds and farmers

    appeared first, and then created pottery, villages, cities, specialized

    labor, kings, writing, art, andsomewhere on the way to the

    airplaneorganized religion. As far back as Jean-Jacques

    Rousseau, thinkers have argued that the social compact of cities

    came first, and only then the "high" religions with their greattemples, a paradigm still taught in American high schools.

    Religion now appears so early in civilized lifeearlier than civilized

    life, if Schmidt is correctthat some think it may be less a product

    of culture than a cause of it, less a revelation than a genetic

    inheritance. The archeologist Jacques Cauvin once posited that "the

    beginning of the gods was the beginning of agriculture," and Gbekli

    may prove his case.

    The builders of Gbekli Tepe could not write or leave other

    explanations of their work. Schmidt speculates that nomadic bands

    from hundreds of miles in every direction were already gathering

    here for rituals, feasting, and initiation rites before the first stones

    were cut. The religious purpose of the site is implicit in its size and

    location. "You don't move 10-ton stones for no reason," Schmidt

    observes. "Temples like to be on high sites," he adds, waving an

    arm over the stony, round hilltop. "Sanctuaries like to be away from

    the mundane world."

    Unlike most discoveries from the ancient world, Gbekli Tepe was

    found intact, the stones upright, the order and artistry of the work

    plain even to the un-trained eye. Most startling is the elaborate

    carving found on about half of the 50 pillars Schmidt has unearthed.

    There are a few abstract symbols, but the site is almost covered in

    Diabetes and Soda Dr inks

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    Chi lean Quake and Bui ld ing

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    Extrem e Mongol ian Winter K i l lsFive Mi l l ion Head.

    Trophy Hunt ing Great BearRainforest

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    February (66)

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  • 8/2/2019 11,500 Year Old Stone Monuments in Turkey (March 2, 2010)

    5/9

    al Warming: 11,500 Year Old Stone Monuments in Turkey

    //globalwarming-arclein.blogspot.com/2010/03/11500-year-old-stone-monuments-in.html[4/30/2010 5:05:08 AM]

    graceful, naturalistic sculptures and bas-reliefs of the animals that

    were central to the imagination of hunter-gatherers. Wild boar and

    cattle are depicted, along with totems of power and intelligence, like

    lions, foxes, and leopards. Many of the biggest pillars are carved

    with arms, including shoulders, elbows, and jointed fingers. The T

    shapes appear to be towering humanoids but have no faces, hinting

    at the worship of ancestors or humanlike deities. "In the Bible it talks

    about how God created man in his image," says Johns Hopkins

    archeologist Glenn Schwartz. Gbekli Tepe "is the first time you can

    see humans with that idea, that they resemble gods."

    The temples thus offer unexpected proof that mankind emerged

    from the 140,000-year reign of hunter-gatherers with a ready

    vocabulary of spiritual imagery, and capable of huge logistical,

    economic, and political efforts. A Catholic born in Franconia,

    Germany, Schmidt wanders the site in a white turban, pointing out

    the evidence of that transition. "The people here invented

    agriculture. They were the inventors of cultivated plants, of domestic

    architecture," he says.

    Gbekli sits at the Fertile Crescent's northernmost tip, a productive

    borderland on the shoulder of forests and within sight of plains. The

    hill was ideally situated for ancient hunters. Wild gazelles still

    migrate past twice a year as they did 11 millennia ago, and birds fly

    overhead in long skeins. Genetic mapping shows that the first

    domestication of wheat was in this immediate areaperhaps at a

    mountain visible in the distancea few centuries after Gbekli's

    founding. Animal husbandry also began near herethe first

    domesticated pigs came from the surrounding area in about 8000

    B.C., and cattle were domesticated in Turkey before 6500 B.C.

    Pottery followed. Those discoveries then flowed out to places like

    atalhyk, the oldest-known Neolithic village, which is 300 miles to

    the west.

    The artists of Gbekli Tepe depicted swarms of what Schmidt calls

    March 2010 I am pleased to report that my

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    SOLVING CERTAIN HIGHER ORDERED

    DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS' has beenaccepted by Physics Essays published by

    the American Institute of Physics and will

    appear in their June quarterly. 40 years ago

    I took an honors degree in applied

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    My interest was Relativity and my last year

    there saw me complete a 900 level course

    under Hanno Rund on his work in

    relativity,as well as differential geometry(pure

    math) and of course analysis. I continued

    researching new ideas and knowledge since

    that time and I have prepared a book for

    publication titled 'Paradigms Shift'. I maintainmy blog as a day book and research tool to

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    al Warming: 11,500 Year Old Stone Monuments in Turkey

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    "scary, nasty" creatures: spiders, scorpions, snakes, triple- fanged

    monsters, and, most common of all, carrion birds. The single largest

    carving shows a vulture poised over a headless human. Schmidt

    theorizes that human corpses were ex-posed here on the hilltop for

    consumption by birdswhat a Tibetan would call a sky burial.

    Sifting the tons of dirt removed from the site has produced very few

    human bones, however, perhaps because they were removed to

    distant homes for ancestor worship. Absence is the source of

    Schmidt's great theoretical claim. "There are no traces of daily life,"

    he explains. "No fire pits. No trash heaps. There is no water here."

    Everything from food to flint had to be imported, so the site "was not

    a village," Schmidt says. Since the temples predate any known

    settlement anywhere, Schmidt concludes that man's first house was

    a house of worship: "First the temple, then the city," he insists.

    Some archeologists, like Hodder, the Neolithic specialist, wonder if

    Schmidt has simply missed evidence of a village or if his dating of

    the site is too precise. But the real reason the ruins at Gbekli

    remain almost unknown, not yet incorporated in textbooks, is that

    the evidence is too strong, not too weak. "The problem with this

    discovery," as Schwartz of Johns Hopkins puts it, "is that it is

    unique." No other monumental sites from the era have been found.

    Before Gbekli, humans drew stick figures on cave walls, shaped

    clay into tiny dolls, and perhaps piled up small stones for shelter or

    worship. Even after Gbekli, there is little evidence of sophisticated

    building. Dating of ancient sites is highly contested, but atalhyk

    is probably about 1,500 years younger than Gbekli, and features no

    carvings or grand constructions. The walls of Jericho, thought until

    now to be the oldest monumental construction by man, were

    probably started more than a thousand years after Gbekli. Huge

    temples did emerge againbut the next unambiguous example

    dates from 5,000 years later, in southern Iraq.

    The site is such an outlier that an American archeologist who

    stumbled on it in the 1960s simply walked away, unable to interpret

    what he saw. On a hunch, Schmidt followed the American's notes to

    the hilltop 15 years ago, a day he still recalls with a huge grin. He

    saw carved flint everywhere, and recognized a Neolithic quarry on

    an adjacent hill, with unfinished slabs of limestone hinting at some

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    monument buried nearby. "In one minutein one secondit was

    clear," the bearded, sun-browned archeologist recalls. He too

    considered walking away, he says, knowing that if he stayed, he

    would have to spend the rest of his life digging on the hill.

    Now 55 and a staff member at the German Archaeological Institute,

    Schmidt has joined a long line of his countrymen here, reaching

    back to Heinrich Schliemann, the discoverer of Troy. He has settled

    in, marrying a Turkish woman and making a home in a modest "dig

    house" in the narrow streets of old Urfa. Decades of work lie ahead.

    Disputes are normal at the sitethe workers, Schmidt laments, are

    divided into three separate clans who feud constantly. ("Three

    groups," the archeologist says, exasperated. "Not two. Three!") So

    far Schmidt has uncovered less than 5 percent of the site, and he

    plans to leave some temples untouched so that future researchers

    can examine them with more sophisticated tools.

    Whatever mysterious rituals were conducted in the temples, they

    ended abruptly before 8000 B.C., when the entire site was buried,

    deliberately and all at once, Schmidt believes. The temples had

    been in decline for a thousand yearslater circles are less than half

    the size of the early ones, indicating a lack of resources or

    motivation among the worshipers. This "clear digression" followed by

    a sudden burial marks "the end of a very strange culture," Schmidt

    says. But it was also the birth of a new, settled civilization, humanity

    having now exchanged the hilltops of hunters for the valleys of

    farmers and shepherds. New ways of life demand new religious

    practices, Schmidt suggests, and "when you have new gods, you

    have to get rid of the old ones."

    Posted by arclein at 12:30 AM

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