May 26, 2010 Albuquerque, NM

Increased illicit use of prescription drugs

One trend more frequently identified by law enforcement agencies, and supported by epidemiological data.

Herman Silva

Law enforcement agencies are seeing an increase in prescription fraud for opioid painkillers.

Following are the most prominent drug problems and trends, as identified by each MJTF in New Mexico:

Herman Silva

Region IRegion IIRegion IIRegion IIIRegion IVRegion IVRegion VRegion VRegion VIRegion VIIRegion VII

Region I

Region II Region III Region IV

Region V

Region VIRegion VII

Herman Silva

Seem to be moving to cocaine and marijuana, with more large outdoor grows

Methamphetamine, and more mobile “shake and bake” meth labs

Herman Silva

Much of the Navajo Nation and reservation land has minimal law enforcement presence

NM Region II Task Force investigates drug-related crimes in the county and the portion of the Navajo Nation within the county. ◦ Primarily drug use, domestic violence, and youth

issues. The Task Force collaborates with other agencies to

develop trend analyses and correlate community concerns with drug trafficking and substance abuse issues.

Herman Silva

Methamphetamine largest problem in San Juan County.

A great percentage of violent crime, gang violence, and property crime is attributed to meth sales and use.

Gang violence is a big concern local DTOs are using gang members for

sales and protection.

Herman Silva

Methamphetamine and crack pose the largest problems.

Corresponding rise in crime. Meth and crack are easily obtained Many individuals make their own crack, which has increased the flow of cocaine

Herman Silva

Methamphetamine continues to be the most widely abused and distributed drug in Region VI

Seeing an increase in prescription drug fraud and diversion

Herman Silva

The problem is more serious in Chaves County drug abuse and drug trafficking are cited as the

primary cause for both violent and nonviolent crimes.

The Task Force overtly pressures drug houses, forcing dealers to change methods, and relocate.

The TF works to prosecute convicted felons with firearms.

Both of these tactics have resulted in a visible improvement in the quality of life in the area.

Herman Silva

The biggest drug concerns vary in the Region Silver City Police identified meth, followed by

marijuana, as significant threats to the community.

Socorro reports heroin is the largest problem, followed by meth and crack cocaine.

Las Cruces-State Police Office cites cocaine, marijuana, and meth as the greatest problems

Herman Silva

Gang-related violence has been reported in and around the community of Anthony

Many of these individuals are also involved in drug trafficking.

The Immigration and Customs Office reports that 15-20% of illegal deportable convicted felons use a previous home address in Anthony, NM.

Herman Silva

Drug and gang problems are also present in Deming, Anthony, Sunland Park, Las Cruces, and Silver City

Two known gangs involved in drug trafficking and traditional-gang related criminal activity.

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State Police focus on IMPACT operations, which generally address quality of life issues, including violent crimes, narcotics, property crimes, and outstanding warrants

In the previous fiscal year, NMSP conducted 202 intelligence-led IMPACT operations throughout the State.

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Established to locate and capture outstanding violent crime and narcotics-related fugitives across the State.

Bernalillo, Doña Ana, Santa Fe, and San Juan Counties alone have thousands of outstanding felony warrants.

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SWIFT members have seen a distinct overlap in violent crime, gang activity, and drug trafficking in New Mexico

A large percentage of repeat offenders are involved in these activities.

SWIFT initiated 1,388 felony arrests, conducted 33 multi-agency fugitive roundups, and conducted the first roundup in their new partnership with San Juan County in FY-2008-09.

Herman Silva

New Mexico’s violent crime rate was 30% higher than that of the U.S.

The murder rate in New Mexico is 25% higher than the U.S.

The aggravated assault rate is 58% higher than the rate for the nation.

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In the period from 2005-2006, ages 12-17, New Mexico reports the highest usage, with rates 17% higher than the national rate.

For the same age group, New Mexico saw a 5% increase from the first reporting period to the second.

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Usage rates in the 18-25 group increased 14% in New Mexico from 2005-2006 to 2006-2007

An increase surpassed only by Arizona, while all other compared areas experienced decreases in use.

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In 2005-2006 and 2007-2008, ages 12-17, New Mexico reports the highest rates of marijuana use.

Usage in New Mexico increased 11% from the first period to the second.

With the exception of Colorado, all other states in the nation saw reductions between these periods.

Herman Silva

From 2005-2006, New Mexico’s rate of use was 13% higher than the national rate

from 2006-2007, it was 24% higher than the national rate.

Herman Silva

0

4

8

12

16

20

24

28

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

*

2008

*

Dea

ths

per

100,

000

per

son

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Drug-Induced Death Rates New Mexico and U.S., 1990-2008*

Data Sources: US: CDC Wonder; NM: Vital Records and Health Statistics, NMDOHRates are age-adjusted to the 2000 US Standard Population.

*2007-08 data are preliminaryHerman Silva

Note: Groups are not mutually exclusiveData Source: The New Mexico Office of the Medical InvestigatorRates are age-adjusted to the 2000 US Standard Population.

n=4,063n=4,063

Unintentional Overdose Death Rates by Type of Drug: New Mexico 1990-2008

0

5

10

15

20

25

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Dea

ths

per

100

,000

per

son

s

Any Illicit Drug Any Prescription Drug Total

Herman Silva

Note: Groups are mutually exclusiveData Source: The New Mexico Office of the Medical InvestigatorRates are age-adjusted to the 2000 US Standard Population.

n=4,063n=4,063

Unintentional Overdose Death Rates by Type of Drug: New Mexico 1990-2008

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Dea

ths

per

100

,000

per

son

s

Both illicit/Rx Illicit only Rx only Other Total

Herman Silva

Note: Specific drugs are not mutually exclusiveData Source: The New Mexico Office of the Medical InvestigatorRates are age-adjusted to the 2000 US Standard Population.

Unintentional Drug-Specific Overdose Death Rates: New Mexico 1990-2008

0

5

10

15

20

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Dea

ths

per

100

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Total Heroin CocaineMA Methadone Other opioidTranq/MR Antidep Drug/etoh

n=4,063n=4,063Herman Silva

Data Source: The New Mexico Office of the Medical InvestigatorRates are age-adjusted to the 2000 US Standard Population.

Unintentional Overdose Death Rates by Race/Sex Strata, New Mexico, 1990-2008

048

1216202428323640

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Dea

ths

per

100,

000

pers

ons

Hispanic male White male AI male

Hispanic female White female AI female

Herman Silva

Data Source: The New Mexico Office of the Medical InvestigatorRates are age-adjusted to the 2000 US Standard Population.

Unintentional Overdose Death Rates by the Most Common Drug Type Combinations New Mexico, 1990-2008

02468

10121416

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Dea

ths

per

100

,000

per

son

s

Opioids Her Her+etohCoc Her+Coc Her+Coc+etohOpi+etoh Opi+Coc Opioids+Her

Herman Silva

Note: Specific drugs are not mutually exclusiveData Source: The New Mexico Office of the Medical InvestigatorRates are age-adjusted to the 2000 US Standard Population.

Unintentional Rx Opioid Poisoning Unintentional Rx Opioid Poisoning Death Rates by Schedule Death Rates by Schedule New Mexico, 1990-2008New Mexico, 1990-2008

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Dea

ths

per

100,

000

pers

ons

Methadone Schedule II other than methadoneSchedule III/IV Total opioids

Herman Silva

Data Source: The New Mexico Office of the Medical InvestigatorRates are age-adjusted to the 2000 US Standard Population.

Unintentional Prescription Opioid Overdose Death Rates by Race/Sex StrataNew Mexico, 1990-2008

0

5

10

15

20

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Dea

ths

per

100,

000

pers

ons

Hispanic male White male AI male

Hispanic female White female AI female

Herman Silva

Data Source: The New Mexico Office of the Medical InvestigatorRates are age-adjusted to the 2000 US Standard Population.

Unintentional Heroin Overdose Death Rates by Race/Sex Strata New Mexico, 1990-2008

0

5

10

15

20

25

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Dea

ths

per

100,

000

pers

ons

Hispanic male White male AI maleHispanic female White female AI female

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Note: Specific drugs are not mutually exclusiveData Source: The New Mexico Office of the Medical InvestigatorRates are age-adjusted to the 2000 US Standard Population.

Unintentional Overdose Death Rates by Types of Illicit Drugs Causing Death: New Mexico and Regions, 2006-2008

Dea

ths

per

100

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02468

101214161820

Any illi

cit

Heroin

Cocain

e

Meth

amphe

tam

ine

NM

NW

NE

Bern

SE

SW

Herman Silva

Note: Specific drugs are not mutually exclusiveData Source: The New Mexico Office of the Medical Investigator Rates are age-adjusted to the 2000 US Standard Population.

Unintentional Overdose Death Rates by Types of Prescription Drugs Causing Death: New Mexico and Regions, 2006-2008

Dea

ths

per

100

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per

son

s

02468

101214161820

NM

NW

NE

Bern

SE

SW

Herman Silva

Alcohol50.6%

Cocaine/crack7.4%

Marijuana6.7%

Heroin6.4%

MA4.7%

Amphetamine2.2%

None reported17.5%

Other drug2.1%

Other opiates2.4%

Source: Behavioral Health Services Division, NM Human Services Department, as of May 2009

n=10,878n=10,878

Primary Substance of Abuse at Primary Substance of Abuse at Treatment Admission: Treatment Admission: New Mexico, 2008New Mexico, 2008

Herman Silva

* ME data were multiplied by 10 in order to compare with treatment admissions Data Sources: Behavioral Health Services Division, NM Human Services Department, as of May 2009;

The New Mexico Office of the Medical Examiner

Heroin: Number of Treatment Admissions and Overdose Deaths*, New Mexico 2000-2008

0

250

500

750

1000

1250

1500

1750

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Nu

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Admissions

Deaths (*10)

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1% 11%5%

83%

oral

smoking

sniffing

injection

other

54%30%

9% 3% 4%

5%

58%13%

1%23%

Heroin, n=647Heroin, n=647

Cocaine/crack, n=635Cocaine/crack, n=635

Methamphetamine, Methamphetamine, n=476n=476

Route of Administration for Primary Drugs: Route of Administration for Primary Drugs: New Mexico, 2008New Mexico, 2008

Source: Behavioral Health Services Division, NM Human Services Department, as of May 2009

Herman Silva

PRIMARY DRUG BY ESTATE, NORTHERN BORDER, 2008 *, Mexico

Crystal38.9%

Heroin32.2%

Crack41.2%

Cocaine17.4%

Crystal32.4%

Cocaine28.9%

Alcohol25.6%

Heroin36.3%

Heroin21.2%

Source: SISVEA. Non Governmental Treatment Centers, DGE/SSA.2008

* First semester

N = 13,210

Alcohol22.8%

Alcohol17.8%

Crack30.9%

Herman Silva

OMI Data: Meth overdose death rates per 100,000 (age

adjusted)◦ 1.7 deaths per 100,000 in 2007 ◦ 1.1 death per 100,000 in 2008

Meth death rate per 100,000 (age-adjusted) by Public Health Region, 2006-2008:

◦ NM 1.5◦ NW 1.4◦ NE 0.5◦ Bern 1.7◦ SE 2.9◦ SW 1.1

Herman Silva

Amphetamine-related inpatient hospitalizations (HIDD)

Number of Hospitalizations Per Year.

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008230 322 171 163 133

These data are solely primary diagnosis but meth related hospitalizations are likely frequent among secondary diagnosis due to the context of use. For instance, a primary diagnosis might be an injury but meth was involved so it was listed as a secondary diagnosis.

Herman Silva

Youth Risk and Resiliency Survey, grades 9-12

2003 2005 2007

Meth use, past 30 Days 7.3% 4.6% 4.4%

(ranked 3rd in the U.S. 2007)

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Methamphetamine Labs Seized/Clean-Ups in New Mexico

84

*15

6444

76

129104

121

202

0

50

100

150

200

250

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Meth Labs

*2008 preliminary data through March 2008

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Establish and maintain a continuum of evidenced based behavioral health services.

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Meth Coordinator’s Position Addressing the unique challenges of rural

jurisdictions in fighting methamphetamine production, distribution, and abuse.

Development, in partnership with Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation (PIRE), of a statewide methamphetamine assessment to identify system strengths and barriers to be addressed;

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Sponsorship of a full state methamphetamine team to attend the National Rural Methamphetamine Summit, taking place June 2010

Creation and implementation of a state methamphetamine action plan

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To provide policy guidance concerning illicit drug issues and to provide oversight of the Federal Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) annual funding

Administered and distributed by the Department of Public Safety

To combat drug trafficking, gangs, and violent criminal activity.

The DEAC is charged with the additional task of preparing a Statewide Drug Strategy.

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‣NM ranks 36th in the nation with population of 1.8 million

‣NM ranks 12th in the nation for fastest growing population;

‣NM ranks 50th in number of children living in poverty (27.5%);

‣New Mexico is considered untouched territory and ripe for gangs and their drug activity.

‣Close proximity to the Mexican border

‣Three ports of entry (Antelope Wells, Santa Teresa, Columbus);

‣North American Free Trade Agreement

‣Geography

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In their 2005 National Gang Threat Assessment, the National In their 2005 National Gang Threat Assessment, the National Alliance of Gang Investigators Association (NAGIA),, recommended Alliance of Gang Investigators Association (NAGIA),, recommended the implementation of the following:the implementation of the following:

•Federal Role in the Gang ProblemFederal Role in the Gang Problem•Gang DenialGang Denial•Law Enforcement Intelligence sharingLaw Enforcement Intelligence sharing•Gang DefinitionsGang Definitions•Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) of Gang ActivityUniform Crime Reporting (UCR) of Gang Activity•Correctional IntelligenceCorrectional Intelligence•Gang-Related TrainingGang-Related Training•LegislationLegislation•Gang OfficersGang Officers•Community ResponseCommunity Response

These recommendations will greatly enhance the ability of law enforcement and These recommendations will greatly enhance the ability of law enforcement and communities to effectively address the gang problemcommunities to effectively address the gang problem

Herman Silva

•The National Youth Gang Survey estimates that approximately 788,000 gang members and 27,000 gangs were active in the U.S. in 2007.  (Highlights of the 2007 National Youth Gang Survey, U.S. Department of Justice, April 2009) 

•According to the 2009 National Gang Threat Assessment, approximately 1 million gang members belonging to more than 20,000 gangs were criminally active in all 50 states and the District of Columbia as of September 2008.

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02-0

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4

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07-0

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08-0

9

Curre

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Members

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•Additionally, almost 78% of law enforcement report the gang problem as getting worse when compared to 10 years ago and 69% identify the problem as worse that 5 years ago. Furthermore, 59% believe the problem to have been worse than it was just one year prior.

•74% of service providers report the gang problem as getting worse when compared to 10 years ago and 79% identify the problem as worse that 5 years ago. Furthermore, 68% believe the problem to have been worse than it was just one year prior.

Herman Silva

PREVENTION

Family SupportState, Local, Fed.ProgramsLocal GovernmentChurchesNeighborhood WatchSchoolsMedia

INTERVENTION

IntelligenceProbationLegislationCommunity ResidentsHuman ServicesCommunity Based AgenciesHousingBusiness

SUPPRESSION

Law EnforcementCorrectionsParoleProsecutionCourts

Herman Silva

Mobilize state and community resources to reduce gang violence:

• Law enforcement

• “Weed” out gang violence

• Legislation

• Alternatives to Violence

• Taos Restorative Justice, Boys and Girls Clubs of NM, Youth Development Inc., Children’s Cabinet After School Initiative

• Mobilize Communities

• Community mobilization must include legal sanctions, intervention, alternatives to violence, and inter-agency coordination (law enforcement, schools, service agencies, neighborhood groups, etc.)

Herman Silva

Total STI Citations 77

Sandoval 1

Sierra 1

Otero 1

Hidalgo 1

Colfax 1

Roosevelt 2San Juan 11

Bernalillo 22

Curry 2

Lincoln 2

Dona Ana 9

Chaves 6Lea 7

Eddy 3Luna 3

McKinley 3

Cibola 2

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Santa Fe 2

Chaves 1

Dona Ana 5Rio Arriba 7Eddy 7

Valencia 9

San Juan 9

Sandoval 9

Lincoln 9

Sierra 3

McKinley 5

Bernalillo 52Los Alamos 11

Total STM Citations 129

Herman Silva

Grant 4

McKinley 47

Bernalillo 106

Cibola 20

Dona Ana 27

San Juan 36

Santa Fe 13Taos 16

Lincoln 9Sandoval 10

Eddy 8Chaves 7Luna 10Lea 4Rio Arriba 3Torrance 3

Valencia 3Mora 2

Otero 2Curry 2

Alcohol: 2007 Administrative CitationsSales to Intox

July 1, 2006 thru June 30, 2007

Total STI Citations 332

Herman Silva

Alcohol: 2007 Administrative CitationsSales to Minors

July 1, 2006 thru June 30, 2007

Torrance 1Taos 1

Dona Ana 35

Bernalillo 57

Chaves 11San Juan 17

Santa Fe 18

Grant 9San Miguel 9

Lea 8Socorro 7

McKinley 5

Lincoln 4Los Alamos 4

Otero 4

Hidalgo 2

Mora 2

Rio Arriba 2Valencia 2Curry 1

Eddy 1

Total STM Citations 200

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Grant 1

McKinley 26

Bernalillo 100

Cibola 2Dona Ana 14

San Juan 24

Santa Fe 6 Taos 2

Lincoln 3Sandoval 5

Eddy 8Lincoln 10

Luna 0

Rio Arriba 1Torrance 1

Valencia 4

Mora 1

Otero 0

Curry 4

Alcohol: Administrative CitationsSales to Intox

July 1, 2007 thru June 30, 2008

Total STI Citations 229

Herman Silva

Alcohol: 2008 Administrative CitationsSales to Minors

July 1, 2007 thru June 30, 2008

Torrance 0

Taos 1

Dona Ana 18

Bernalillo 111

Chaves 10

San Juan 4Santa Fe 5

Grant 4

San Miguel 0

Lea 7

Socorro 1

McKinley 3

Lincoln 3Los Alamos 0

Otero 0

Hidalgo 2Mora 4

Rio Arriba 3

Valencia 10

Curry 16

Eddy 1

Total STM Citations 236

Herman Silva

Trainings Attendees

Law Enforcement 15 197

DWI Local/County 50 916

Licensees 34 484

Best Practices 4 106

Others 17 378

Totals 120 2081

Herman Silva

Herman Silva, DirectorNarcotics and Gang InitiativesNew Mexico Department of Public SafetyTel: (505) 699-0365herman.silva@state.nm.us

Herman Silva