11 - review of ip addressing and routing

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11 Review of IP Addressingand Routing

By Muhammad Asghar Khan

Reference: CCENT/CCNA ICND1 Official Exam Certification Guide By WendellOdom


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Agenda

IP Addressing IP Address ClassesPublic vs Private Addressing

IP Version 6

IP Routing

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IP Addressing

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It is also called logical or network layeraddressing

IP address consists of a 32-bit number and canbe represented in decimal or binary notation

Decimal: 192.168.0.1

Binary: 11000000 . 10101000 . 00000000 .00000001

The range in each decimal number is b/w 0and 255

Set of consecutive addresses groupedtogether is called an IP Networks

Device using the IP address is called an IP

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IP Addressing


IP address has two main parts:Network Part: Identifies the number of networks

Host Part: Identifies the number of hosts in aparticular network

Size of the network and host part is determined by

the class or group of an IP address

IPAddress(192.168.0.1)Network

Portion(192.168.

0)

Host

Portion(1)

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IP Addressing


IP Address Classes IP defines five different network classes

Unicast Addresses: Class A, Class B, Class CMulticast Addresses: Class D

Experimental Addresses: Class E

Unicast Addresses (Class A, B & C)

These addresses identifies a single device on the

networkClass A

In class A the first octet range is from 1 to 126 i.e1.0.0.0 --------- 126.0.0.0

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IP Addressing


The network part is 1 byte while the remaining 3 bytes

represent the host with in the class A network

NNNNNNNN . HHHHHHHH . HHHHHHHH . HHHHHHHH

Note; the first octet starts with 1 instead of 0, becauseoriginally 0.0.0.0 was reserved as broadcast address, butnot used now a days

Class B

In class B the first octet range is from 128 to 191 i.e

128.1.0.0 --------- 191.254.0.0

Here, both the network and host parts are 2 bytes each

NNNNNNNN . NNNNNNNN . HHHHHHHH . HHHHHHHH

Note; the first octet starts with 128 instead of 127, because127.0.0.0 is used as loopback addresses

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IP Addressing


Class C

In class C the first octet range is from 192 to 223 i.e

192.0.1.0 --------- 223.255.254.0

The network part is 3 bytes long while the 1 byte representthe host part

NNNNNNNN . NNNNNNNN . NNNNNNNN . HHHHHHHH

Class C is the mostly used group of addresses

Multicast Address (Class D)

These address identifies a subset of devices on thenetwork

Class D

In class D the first octet range is from 224 to 239 i.e

224.0.0.0 -------- 239.255.255.255

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IP Addressing


Experimental Addresses (Class E)

Experimental addresses are reserved for research andexperimental purpose

Class E

In class E the first octet range is from 240 to 254 i.e

240.0.0.0 --------- 254.255.255.255

Public vs Private Addressing

The ICANN and its member organizations managethe process of assigning IP network numbers, oreven smaller ranges of IP addresses, to companiesthat want to connect to the Internet

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IP Addressing


Public addresses are the addresses that are usableon the Internet and internal networks

While addresses that are used on internal orprivate networks are called private IP addresses

Private addresses does not need to be registerwith ICANN

Private addresses are not routable on the Internet

Following are the ranges for private addresses :

Class A: 10.16.0.0 --- 10.255.255.255

Class B: 172.16.0.0 --- 172.31.255.255

Class C: 192.168.0.0 --- 192.168.255.255

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IP Addressing


The NAT enabled router is used to access theInternet with private addresses

IP Version 6

IPv6 defines many improvements over IPv4

The primary goal of IPv6 is to significantly increasethe number of available IP addresses

IPv6 uses a 128-bit IP address

A 128-bit address structure provides well over1038 possible IP addresses

Note, IP Version 5 was defined for experimentalreasons but was never deployed

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IP Addressing


Many large service providers have migrated toIPv6 to support the large number of mobiledevices that can connect to the Internet, and theU.S. government has mandated migration to IPv6for its member agencies

The 128-bit IPv6 address is written in hexadecimalnotation, with colons between each quartet ofsymbols

IPv6 also allows for abbreviations, as is shown in

Table

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IP Routing


IP routing presumes the structure of IPsubnetting, in which ranges of consecutive IPaddresses reside in a single subnet

The routers routing table use the subnet

numbers & corresponding subnet masks forrouting

Using subnet number & subnet mask routerfind the range of consecutive IP addresses in

the subnet

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11 - review of ip addressing and routing

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