1.1 Fill in the blanks in each of the following:

The company that brought the phenomenon of personal computing to the world was [Apple].

The computer that made personal computing legitimate in business and industry was the [IBM Personal Computer].

Computers process data under the control of sets of instructions called [computer programs].

The six logic units of the computer are the [input unit, output unit, memory unit, arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), central processing unit, secondary storage unit].

[Time sharing] is a special case of multitasking in which users’ access the computer thorough devices called terminals.

The three classes of languages discussed in the chapter are [machine, assembly and high-level languages].

The programs that translate high-level language programs into machine language are called [compiler].

C is widely known as the development language of the [UNIX] operating system.

This book presents the version of C called [Standard] C that was standardized through [ANSIO and ISO].

The [Pascal] language was developed by Wirth for teaching structured programming.

The development of Defense developed the Ada language with a capability called [multitasking] which allows programs to specify that many activities can proceed in parallel.

Devices form which user’s access timesharing computer system are usually called [terminal].

A computer program that converts assembly-language into machine language is

called [assembler].

The logical unit of the computer that receives information from outside the computer for use by the computer is called [input unit].

The process of instructing the computer to solve specific problem is called

What type of computer language uses English-like abbreviation for machine language instructions?[High-level language]

Which logic unit of the computer sends information that has already been processed by the computer to various devices, so that it may be used outside the computer? [output unit]

1.2 Fill in the blanks in each of the following sentences about the C environment:

C programs are normally typed into a computer using [editor] program. In a C system, a [preprocessor] program automatically executes before the

translation of phase begins. The two most common kinds of preprocessor directives are [including other

files in the file to be compiled and replacing special symbols with program text].

The [linker] program combines the output of the compiler with various library functions to produce an executable image.

The [loader] program transfers the executable image from disk to memory. To load and execute the most recently compiled program on a Linux [system,

type a. out]. The general name of a program that converts programs written in a certain

computer language into machine language is [compiler]. Which logical unit of the computer retains information? [memory unit] Which logical unit of the computer performs calculations? [arithmetic and

logic unit]Which logic unit of the computer makes logic decision? [Arithmetic and logic Unit]

The commonly used abbreviation for the computer’s control unit is The level of computer language most convenient (সু�বি�ধা�/উপযু�ক্ত) to the

programmer for writing programs quickly and easily is [high-level language]. The only language that a computer can directly understand is called that

computer’s [machine language]. Which logic unit of the computer coordinates the activities of all the other logical

units? [CPU]

1.3 Categorize each of the following items as either hardware or software:

a) CPU [hardware]b) C Compilers [software]c) ALU [software]d) C processor [software]

e) input unit [hardware]f) a word-processor program[software]

1.7 True or False

a) Machine languages are generally machine dependant.b) Time sharing truly runs several users simultaneously on a terminal.c) Like other high-level languages, C is generally considered to be machine

independent.