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Agenda

Introduction1

Verilog-A Modules2

Simulating Variability – Design forYield3

DAYDAY1

Synopsys 60-I-032-BSG-005 © 2007 Synopsys, Inc. All Rights Reserved

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Unit Objectives

After completing this unit, you should be able to:

Explain the HSPICE file structure

List what files HSPICE outputs

Demonstrate how to start HSPICE

Use .measure statements

Use .alter blocks

Use the Discovery AMS Simulation Interface

Use CosmosScope

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HSPICE Fundamentals

Files and suffixes

Netlist structure

Naming conventions

Units and scale factors

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Files and Suffixes

HSPICE Input

Input netlist .sp

Model/libraries .inc, .lib

HSPICE Output

Run Status .st0

Output listing .lis

Analysis data, transient .tr# (e.g;. .tr0)

Analysis data, dc .sw# (e.g. .sw0)

Analysis data, ac .ac# (e.g. .ac0)

FFT .ft# (e.g. .ft0)

Measure output .m*# (e.g. .mt0)

CosmosScope Input

All analysis data files

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Starting HSPICE

Typical command line invocations: hspice design.sp > design.lis (UNIX only) hspice –i design.sp -o design.lis (Windows and UNIX)

.lis file contains results of: .print .op (operating point) .options (results)

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Netlist Structure

One main program and one or more optional submodules: .ALTER

High-level call statements can restructure netlist file modules: .INCLUDE .LIB

Calls to external data files: .DATA

Order independent: Last definition is used for parameters and options

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Netlist Structure: Overview

Title First line is always the title

Comment character * - comment for a line$ - comment after a command

Options .option post

Print/Probe/Analysis .print v(d) i(rl).probe v(g) .tran .1n 5n

Initial Conditions .ic v(b) = 0 $ input state

Sources Vg g 0 pulse 0 1 0 0.15 0.15 0.42* example of a voltage source

Circuit Description MN d g gnd n nmosRL vdd d 1K

Model Libraries .model n nmos level = 49+ vto = 1 tox = 7n* ‘+’ continuation character

END .end $ terminates the simulation7

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+

-

V

Every node must have a DC path to ground

+

-

V

No dangling nodes

+

-

V+

-

V

No voltage loops

+

-

I

No ideal current source in closed capacitor loop

Netlist Structure: Topology

No ideal voltage source in closed inductor loop

+

-

V

No stacked current sources

+

-

I

+

-

I

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Node Naming Conventions (1/2)

Node names: Can be up to 1024 characters Either names or numbers (e.g. n1, 33, in1, 100) Numbers: 1 to 9999999999999999 (1 to 1e16) Nodes with number followed by letter are all the same

(e.g. 1a=1b) Leading zeros in node names are ignored Can begin with these characters: # _ ! % 0 is ALWAYS ground Global vs. local

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Node Naming Conventions (2/2)

Guidelines for node naming: Do not begin with a “/” May contain: + - * / : ; $ # . [ ] ! < > _ % May NOT contain: ( ) , = ‘ <space> Ground may be either 0, GND, !GND or GROUND The period (.) is reserved to indicate hierarchy TIME, TEMPER, HERTZ, TRANSFORMER, VCVS,

CCCS, VCCAP, VCR, CCVS, DELAY and OPAMP are reserve keywords

Every node must have at least two connections: Except Tline or MOS substrate

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Element Naming Conventions

Element names: Names must begin with an alphabetic character, but

thereafter can contain numbers and the following characters: ! # $ % * + - / < > [ ] _

Names can be up to 1024 characters long Names are not case sensitive Element instances begin with the element key letter Subcircuit instance names begin with X

Parameter names: Follow the name syntax rules except that names must

begin with an alphabetic character The other characters must be either a number, or one of

these characters: ! # $ % [ ] _

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Units and Scale Factors

Units: R - ohm C - Farad L - Henry

Technology scaling: SCALE and SCALM ALL lengths and widths are in METERS

Scale factors

A = 1e-18

F = 1e-15

P = 1e-12

N = 1e-9

U = 1e-6

M = 1e-3

K = 1e3

MEG = X = 1e6

G = 1e9

T = 1e12

MIL(S) = 25.4e-6

FT = .3048 (METERS)

DB = 20log10

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.MEASURE

.MEASURE: Prints user-defined electrical specifications of a circuit .MEASURE is a post processor Used extensively for optimization and curve fitting Seven fundamental measurement modes

Rise, Fall, Delay Average, RMS, Min, Max, and Peak-to-Peak Find-When Equation Evaluation Derivative Evaluation Integral Evaluation Relative Error

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.MEASURE: Rise/Fall (1/2)

Syntax:.MEASURE <DC|TRAN|AC> result TRIG TARG

+ <optimization options>

Result - name given the measured value in the HSPICE output

TRIG trig_var VAL=trig_val <TD=timedelay>

+ <CROSS=#of> <RISE=#of> <FALL=#of>

TRIG AT=value

TARG targ_var VAL=targ_val <TD=timedelay>

+ <CROSS=#of|LAST><RISE=#of|LAST>

+ <FALLS=#of|LAST>

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.MEASURE: Rise/Fall (2/2)

Example:

.MEAS TRAN TDELAY TRIG V(1)

+ VAL=2.5 TD=10ns RISE=2

+ TARG V(2)VAL=2.5 FALL=2

Delay 10ns

…

…

2.5v

2.5v

TDLAY

V(1)

V(2)

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.MEASURE: AVG, RMS, MIN, MAX, PP (1/2)

Syntax:

.MEASURE <DC|TRAN|AC> result func out_var

+ <FROM=val> <TO=val> <optimization options> Func

AVG, RMS, MIN, MAX, PP

Result Name given the measured value in the HSPICE output

Out_var Name of the output variable to be measured

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.MEASURE: AVG, RMS, MIN, MAX, PP (2/2)

Examples:

.MEAS TRAN avgval AVG V(10)From=10ns To=55ns Print out average nodal voltage of node 10 during tran

time 10 to 55ns Print as “avgval”

.MEAS TRAN maxval MAX V(1,2)

+ From=15ns To=100ns Find the maximum voltage difference between nodes 1

and 2 from time 15ns to 100ns Print as “maxval”

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.MEASURE: FIND-WHEN

Allows any independent variables (time, frequency, parameter), by using WHEN syntax, or any dependent variables (voltage, current, etc), by using Find-When syntax, to be measured when some specific event occurs

Syntax:.MEASURE <DC|TRAN|AC> result WHEN out_var=val

+ <TD=val> <RISE=#of>|LAST> <FALL=#of|LAST>

+ <CROSS=#of|LAST> <optimization options>

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.MEASURE: FIND-WHEN Examples

Example of WHEN:.MEAS TRAN fifth WHEN V(osc_out)=2.5v RISE=5

Measure the time of the 5th rise of node “osc_out” at 2.5v Store in variable fifth

Example of FIND-WHEN:.MEAS TRAN result FIND v(out) WHEN v(in)=40m

Measure v(out) when v(in)=40m Store in variable result

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.MEASURE: Equation Evaluation

Equation Evaluation: Use this statement to evaluate an equation that can be a

function of the results of previous .MEASURE statements The equation must not be a function of node voltages or

branch currents

Syntax.MEASURE <DC|TRAN|AC> result PARAM=‘equation’

+ <optimization options> Result - name given the measured value in the HSPICE

output file

Example:.MEAS TRAN T_from WHEN V(out)=’0.5*vcc’ CROSS=1

.MEAS TRAN T_to WHEN V(out)=’0.5*vcc’ CROSS=2

.MEAS TRAN Tmid PARAM=‘(T_from+T_to)/2’

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.MEASURE: Derivative Function

Derivative Function: Provides the derivative of an output variable at a given

time or frequency or for any sweep variable Provides the derivative of a specified output variable

when some specific event occurs

Syntax:.MEASURE <DC|TRAN|AC> result DERIVATIVE

+ out_var WHEN var2=val <TD=val>

+ <RISE=#of>|LAST> <FALL=#of|LAST>

+ <CROSS=#of|LAST> <optimization options>

Example:.MEAS TRAN slewrate DERIV v(1)

+ WHEN V(osc_out)=2.5v RISE=5

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.MEASURE: Integral Function

Integral Function: Provides the integral of an output variable over a specified

period

Syntax:

.MEASURE <DC|TRAN|AC> result INTEGRAL out_var

+ <FROM=val1> <TO=val2> <optimization options>

Example:

.MEAS TRAN charge INTEG I(cload)

+ FROM=10ns TO=100ns

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.ALTER: Description

Rerun a simulation several times with different: Circuit topology Models Library components Elements Parameter values Options Source stimulus Analysis variables Print/probe commands

Must be parameterized

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.ALTER: Limitations

CAN include: Element Statements .DATA, .LIB, .DEL LIB, .INCLUDE, .MODEL statements .IC, .NODESET statements .OP, .OPTIONS, .PARAM, .TEMP, .TF, .TRAN, .DC, .AC

CANNOT include: .PRINT, .PROBE, or any other i/o statements

Unless they are parameterized

AVOID: Adding analysis statements under each .ALTER block Will cause huge penalty in simulation time and confusion in the

output results

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.ALTER Rules (1/2)

If the name of a new element, .MODEL statement, or a subckt is identical to the name of an original statement of the same type, the new statement replaces the old

Element and .MODEL statements within a subckt definition can be changed and new element and .MODEL statements can be added to a subckt definition

Topology modifications to subckt definitions should be put into libraries and added with .LIB and deleted with .DEL LIB

If elements or model parameter values were parameterized when using .ALTER, these parameter values must be changed through the .PARAM statement

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.ALTER Rules (2/2)

If a parameter name of a new .PARAM statement in the .ALTER module is identical to a previous parameter name, the new assigned value replaces the old

Do not re-describe the elements or model parameters with numerical values

Options turned on by an .OPTIONS statement in an original input file or an .ALTER submodule can be turned off

Only the actual altered input is printed for each .ALTER run

A special .ALTER title identifies the run

But a .INCLUDE statements within a file called with a .LIB statement can be accepted by .ALTER processing

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.ALTER: Example

* ALTER Test* CMOS Inverter.OPTIONS ACCT LIST.OP.DC VIN 0 5 0.1.PRINT DC v(3) v(2).PRINT tran v(3).PARAM VDD=5.LIB ‘MOS.LIB’ NORMALVDD 1 0 VDDVIN 2 0M1 3 2 1 1 P 6U 15UM2 3 2 0 0 N 6U 15U.ALTER Change Supply.PARAM VDD=10.ALTER Fast Process.DEL LIB ‘MOS.LIB’ NORMAL.LIB ‘MOS.LIB’ FAST.ALTER Add Transient.TRAN .1 2.END

alter to add transient(VDD=10v still in effect)(.lib ‘mos.lib’ FAST still in effect).OPDC SweepTransient

.OPDC Sweep

change VDD to 10v.OPDC Sweep

alter change to fast library (MUST delete first)(VDD=10v still in effect).OPDC Sweep

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Discovery AMS Simulation Interface Basics

To start the Discovery AMS Simulation Interface

% simif

Setup a new project Project name

New directory for all project test benches

Project location Location of project directory

Open an existing project

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Discovery AMS Simulation Interface

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Discovery AMS Simulation Interface – Project Management

Manage the project test benches Close the project Delete the project Create a new test Import an older simulation (.wrk) file

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Discovery AMS Simulation Interface – Project Management

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Discovery AMS Simulation Interface – Setup

HSPICE simulation is divided into 3 major tasks Setup

Netlist and Simulation HSPICE Setup

Run Output

Selected by buttons near the top, left of the workbench

Each button selects a new set of screens

The GUI always starts in the Setup mode

Each task contains either tabs or buttons that allow the user to enter specific information and data required by HSPICE

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Discovery AMS Simulation Interface – Netlist & Simulation

Netlist & Simulation is select from the tree on the left of the GUI Model Setup

Name and corner of any model files used by the design

Design Variables Design parameters

Analog Options Set SCALE and TNOM options

External Files Specify the netlist file(s) used by the design Specify the Verilog-A behavioral model files by the design Specify the name of any vector file(s) used by the design

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Discovery AMS Simulation Interface – Netlist & Simulation

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Discovery AMS Simulation Interface – HSPICE Setup

Analysis Supports all HSPICE analyses

Waveform Output waveforms setup

supports both .PROBE and .PRINT Select waveform viewer

Cosmos Scope (default) AvanWaves

Post Proc Setups for .MEAS, .STIM and .BIASCHK statements

Convergence .IC and .NODESET setup .SAVE and .LOAD

Options Frequently used HSPICE options in its own category

Commands Setup any options or commands not available from the setup screens

Behavioral Verilog-A 35

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Discovery AMS Simulation Interface – HSPICE Setup

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Discovery AMS Simulation Interface – Run

Run any simulation that is setup

View listing (.lis) file Errors and warnings are highlighted

View run script and header file

Start waveform viewer CosmosScope

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Discovery AMS Simulation Interface – Run

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Discovery AMS Simulation Interface - Output

View Status file (*.st#)

View Subcircuit cross-listing (*.pa#)

View Initial condition (*.ic#)

View .MEASURE results AC measures (*.ma#) DC measures (*.ms#) Transient measures (*.mt#)

.MEASURE file processing

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Discovery AMS Simulation Interface - Simulation

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Invoking CosmosScope

Unix/Linux Users Type cscope at the command prompt:

% cscope

Windows Users: Select Start Programs Synopsys 2006.03

Cosmos-Scope CosmosScope

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CosmosScope Basics

Pulldown Menu BarCosmosScope Icon Bar

Graph Window

Tool BarHelp Field

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CosmosScope Pulldown Menu Bar

Edit/Preferences

Graph/PlotFile Control

Graph WindowControl

Alternate Tool Bar Icon Control

CosmosScopeWindow Control

CosmosScopeHelp

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CosmosScope Icon Bar

New XYGraph

New SmithChart

New PolarChart

Open

Reload

Save

Print

Cut

Copy

Paste

ZoomIn

Zoomto Fit

ZoomOut

CascadeWindows

TileWindows

ToggleGrid

ToggleSignal Grid

ConfigureDynamic

Waveform Display

CreateBus

BurstBus

At XMeas.

At YMeas.

Point toPoint Meas.

Clear

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CosmosScope Tool Bar

Drawing Tool

AIM Command Line

Signal Manager

MeasurementTool

Waveform Calculator

MacroRecorder

RF Tool

MatlabCommand

Line

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CosmosScope Mouse Usage

Left click to select (buttons, objects, etc.)

Right click on anything to get a context-sensitive menu

Middle-click to paste what is selected in the pointed-to location

Drag with the middle button held down for panning

For a two-button mouse, middle-click can be emulated by clicking the right and left mouse buttons simultaneously

Shift-clicking the left mouse button adds to your selection if working with graphical objects, and adds everything from your current selection to the click point in list boxes

Control-clicking the left mouse button adds to your selection

Dragging the left mouse button zooms (expands) the contents inside the box

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Opening a Plotfile

In the Scope Window select File Open Plotfiles or press the button

Navigate to the directory where the desired plotfile is located

In the Files of type field, select the type of plotfile you would like to open

Select the plotfile and click

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CosmosScope File/Signal Control Forms

PlotfileManager

SignalManager

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Scope Plotting Techniques (1/2)

Plot one signal at a time: Method 1

Left click on the signal name in the signal manager Press the plot button

Method 2 Double-click on the signal name

Plot multiple consecutive signals: Method 1

Click on the first signal Hold and drag to the last signal Press the plot button

Method 2 Click on the first signal and release Hold down the shift key and click on the last desired signal Press the plot button 49

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Scope Plotting Techniques (2/2)

Plot multiple non-consecutive signals: Click on the first signal Hold down the control key while clicking on other signals Then press the plot button

Plot signals on top of each other: Plot the first signal using any of the above approaches Select the signal to plot on top of the first signal Middle click in the region of the first signal

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CosmosScope Measurements

Measurements are the the key to design analysis

Over 50 built-in measurements at your fingertips

Can be applied graphically in CosmosScope or in "Batch" mode for automatic data collection

You can add custom measurements

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CosmosScope Measurements

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CosmosScope Measurements General Measurements:

At X, at Y, delta X, delta Y, length, slope, local min/max, crossing, horiz. level, vert. level, vert. cursor, point marker, point to point

Time Domain: Duty cycle, frequency, period, pulsewidth, risetime, falltime, slew

rate, delay, overshoot, undershoot, settle time, eye diagram

Reference or level measurements: Max, min, X at max, X at min, peak to peak, topline, baseline,

amplitude, average, RMS, AC-coupled RMS

Frequency Domain: Lowpass, highpass, bandpass (Q, ripple, etc.), stopband, phase

margin, gain margin, slope, magnitude, dB, phase, real, imaginary, Nyquist plot frequency

S Domain Damping ratio, natural frequency, quality factor

Statistics: Max, min, range, mean, median, std. deviation, mean (+/- 3 std

dev), histogram, yield, Dpu, Cpk, pareto

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CosmosScope Calculator

Entry Field (Register)Icon Bar

Pulldown Menus

Programmable Buttons

Stack Display

Extended Operation Buttons

Keypad

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Using the Calculator

To get a waveform into the Register: Select the waveform name on the graph window (or in

the Plot File Window) Middle-click in the Register You can also select Edit Paste in the calculator to

accomplish this task

Either Reverse Polish Notation (RPN) or Algebraic input modes can be selected

To plot results from the calculator: Click on the left-most icon in the Icon Bar

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Lab 1: HSPICE

During this lab, you will:

1. Create a HSPICE netlist

2. Use the Discovery AMS Simulation Interface to set up and start HSPICE to simulate the netlist

3. View the results in CosmosScope

Netlist

Setup

Simulation

CosmosScope

90 minutes

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