11 advances in computational models of subsurface media: past, present, and future gour-tsyh yeh ( ...
DESCRIPTION
3 Advances In the Past ’s and Earlier: Analytical Flow and Solute Transport Models in Saturated Zones or Unsaturated Zones ’s: Single Phase Flow and Solute Transport Models in Saturated Zones or Vdose Zones ’s: Variably Saturated Flow, Two or Three Phase Flow. Coupled Flow and Solute Transport in Saturated Zone or Vadose Zone. Reactive Transport in Saturated Zone or Variably Saturated Media ’s: Coupled Flow and Solute Transport in Variably Saturated Media. Coupled Single Phase Flow, Thermal Transport, and Reactive Transport in Saturated Zones, Unsaturated Zones, or Variably Saturated Media ’s: Coupled Two or Three Phase Flow, Thermal Transport, and Reactive Transport.TRANSCRIPT
11
Advances in Computational Models of Subsurface Media:
Past, Present, and FutureGour-Tsyh Yeh ([email protected])
Graduate Institute of Applied GeologyNational Central University
Jhongli, Taoyuan 32001TAIWAN
Presented atEarth Science-2015: 4th International Conference on Earth
Science and Climate ChangeHotel Melia Alicante, Alicante, Spain, June 16-18,
2015
2
Media Simple homogeneous isotropic to complicated
heterogeneous, anisotropic media Processes
Flow: Simple saturated to variably saturated, multiphase Chemical Transport: Single species to multi-species,
multi-component Bio-geochemistry: Simple ad hoc to reaction-based
approach Thermal: Simple isothermal to non-isothermal approach Geomechnaics: Elastic, viso-elastic, plastic, viso-elastic-
plastic materials Computation
Exact Solution: Analytical to semi-analytical solutions Numerical Approaches: FEM, FDM, FVM, special methods
Introduction
3
Advances In the Past1. 1960’s and Earlier: Analytical Flow and Solute
Transport Models in Saturated Zones or Unsaturated Zones.
2. 1970’s: Single Phase Flow and Solute Transport Models in Saturated Zones or Vdose Zones.
3. 1980’s: Variably Saturated Flow, Two or Three Phase Flow. Coupled Flow and Solute Transport in Saturated Zone or Vadose Zone. Reactive Transport in Saturated Zone or Variably Saturated Media.
4. 1990’s: Coupled Flow and Solute Transport in Variably Saturated Media. Coupled Single Phase Flow, Thermal Transport, and Reactive Transport in Saturated Zones, Unsaturated Zones, or Variably Saturated Media.
5. 2000’s: Coupled Two or Three Phase Flow, Thermal Transport, and Reactive Transport.
4
Over 100 groundwater models have been developed
Subsurface Flow Chemical ReactionsSolute Transport
FEMWATER (1981,1987)
3DFEMWATER (1987)
FEMWASTE (1981)/LEWASTE (1991)
3DFEMWASTE (1987)/3DLEWASTE (1991)
EQMOD (1990)
KEMOD (1995)
HYDROGEOCHEM (1991)
2DFEMFAT (1993)
3DFEMFAT (1994)
2DHYDROGEOCHEM/3DHYDROGEOCHEM (1995)
BIOKEMOD (1998)
MicrobiologicalReactions
HYDROBIOGEOCHEM 1.0 (1998)
LEWASTE (1991)
LEHGC1.0 (1995)LEHGC2.0 (1998)
BIOGEOCHEM (2003)
HYDROBIOGEOCHEM 2.0/3.0 (2003, 2006)
New Paradigm
3DSALT (1996)
1997 GMS-FEMWATER
3DMGZM (1998)
AT123D (1981)3DFEWA (1994)
FEWA (1983)
3DLEMA (1994)
FEMA (1985)/LEMA
2DFATMIC/3DFATMIC (1995)
HYDROGEOCHEM3.1 (2002)
HYDROGEOCHEM2.0 (1996)
HYDROGEOCHEM2.1 (1997)
MPS2D/MPS3D (2003)
Renamed
HYDROGEOCHEM3.2 (2002)
BIOGEOCHEM (2003)
HBGC123D (2000)
2DFEMFAT (1993)
HYDROGEOCHEM3.0 (1998)
LEHGC1.1 (1995)
3DWATMAS (1995)
WATMAS (1995)
MURF, MURT,3DMURF, 3DMURT
(1992)
HYDROGEOCHEM4.0-5.0 and 4.5/4.6-5.5/5.6 (2004 and 2015)
ThermalTransport
GMECH (2012)
Geomechanics
THMC 6.0-7.0 and6.1-7.1 (2013 and 2015)
FEMWATER2.0 - 7.0
5
Only three models stand out
AT123D: Analytical Transient One , Two , and Three Dimensional Simulations of Waste Transport in the Aquifer System.
GMS-FEMWATER: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model for Simulating Density-Dependent WATER Flow and Transport in Variably Saturated Media.
HYDROGEOCHEM: A Coupled Model of Fluid Flow, Thermal Transport, and HYDROGEOCHEMical Transport through Saturated Unsaturated Media.
6
One of the most general and widely used analytical models. It has been marketed by many consulting companies and many training courses have been conducted by these companies.
Use Google Search “AT123D New Jersey”, you find: Guidance for Using the SESOIL and AT123D Models to Develop Site Specific Impact to Ground Water Soil Remediation Standards ...
In fact, EPA, API, and more than 20 states in USA have the similar guidelines to use AT123D in conjunction with SESOIL
Five dollars make you rich ($5 x 1,000 x 365 x 24 = $44 Millions)
AT123D: One of the most widely used analytical models for groundwater plume delineation
7
How AT123D has been used for regulation
8
FEMWATER: Used Worldwide Among the very first well-documented subsurface
models to integrate vadose and groundwater zones
Interception
Snow
Infiltration
Burst Seepage Runoff
Prompt Subsurface Runoff
Groundwater Runoff
Delayed Subsurface Runoff
Trickled Seepage Runoff
Transpiration
Evapotranspiration
Evaporation
Soil Evaporation
Precipitation
Precipitation Excess
Surface runoff
Overland flow
Groundwater Runoff
9
Environmental setting where FEMWATER can be employed
10
1:Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) using FEMWATER
STORAGE RECOVERY
11
Animation of Total Head: totalhead_unsym.avi
Largest ASR system in the SFWMD7 wells, 9 MGD capacity, since 1997Arsenic not a problem1.7 billion gallons currently storedPump treated surface water to ~750’ deep – sandy portion at top of Floridan aquifer
Marco Island SystemBob Verrastro, 2012 Lower East Coast, Water Supply Plan Update, Workshop #3, June 19, 2012
12
Animation of Concentration: Concentration.avi
Marco Island SystemBob Verrastro, 2012 Lower East Coast, Water Supply Plan Update, Workshop #3, June 19, 2012
Largest ASR system in the SFWMD7 wells, 9 MGD capacity, since 1997Arsenic not a problem1.7 billion gallons currently storedPump treated surface water to ~750’ deep – sandy portion at top of Floridan aquifer
13
2. Application of FEMWATER to Mitigating a Dredging Site
Model domain (left) and subsurface data point location (right)
14
Simulated contour of 0.001 ppt salinity (blue lines) at various times
Proper mitigations (e.g., slurry walls in combination with pumping) could contain the salt with the disposal facility, DA2
Motsu_con.avi
15
3: Model of Injection Gallery
Legend
Slurry Wall Location
Surface of Bad Trash
Water TableSurface
Trash (Kh = 1.0 ft/day Kv = 0.5 ft/day)Backfill (Kh = 0.5 ft/day Kv = 0.1 ft/day)Revised Blanket ConfigurationInjection in Blanket Only (80 gpm)No Extraction
Location of Unsaturated Trash
BlanketI_New.avi
16
HYDROGEOCHEM: Widely used by government agencies and academia
Aqueous complexation and precipitation-dissolution models (Westall et al., 1976)
Adsorption-desorption processes and models (Davis and Leckie, 1978)
Ion-Exchange (Al Valocchi, et al., 1981) Among the first generic reactive chemical
transport models to include aqueous complexation, precipitation-dissolution, adsorption-desorption, ion-exchange, redox, and acid-base reactions – Dawn of HYDROGEOCHEM Era (Yeh and Tripathi, 1990)
17
Environmental setting for HYDROGEOCHEM Simulations
Reaction
18
Applications with HYDROGEOCHEM 5.0 (A THC Process Model)
Variably Saturated Flow (H) Thermal Transport (T) Reactive Transport of N reactions among M
Species [C(R)]
T, H, or C Modeling TH, TC, or HC Modeling THC Modeling
19
Variably Saturated Flow Problem Description
KKxx xx = K= Kyyyy = K = Kzz zz = 1 dm/day = 1 dm/day
KKxy xy = K= Kxz xz = K= Kyz yz = 0 dm/day. = 0 dm/day.
Initial and Boundary Conditions for Variably Saturated FlowInitial and Boundary Conditions for Variably Saturated Flow
20
Steady-stateSteady-statepressure headpressure head
Velocity fields alongVelocity fields alongcross-section x = 0cross-section x = 0
Pressure Field and Flow Animation
Velocity.avi
21
Thermal Transport Description
T=308T=308ooKK
T=298T=298ooKK
T=298T=298ooKK
T=298T=298ooKKInitial Condition:
Specific Heat:Specific Heat:CCw w = 1.0E20 dm= 1.0E20 dm22/day/day22//ooK K CCm m = 1.0E19 dm= 1.0E19 dm22/day/day22//ooKK
Thermal conductivity: Thermal conductivity: = 1.0E19 dm= 1.0E19 dm22/day/day22//ooKK
Initial and Boundary Conditions for Thermal TransportInitial and Boundary Conditions for Thermal Transport
22
Animation of Temperature Contours for Thermal TransportAnimation of Temperature Contours for Thermal Transport
0
25
50
75
100
Z
050
100150
200
X0
50
100
150
200
Y
XY
Z
TIME: 50 days
0
25
50
75
100
Z
050
100150
200
X0
50
100
150200
YX
Z
T: 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308
Animation of Temperature
Temperature.avi
23
Reaction Network of Various Types (33 reactions, 41 Species)
Reaction No parameterMineral Dissolution and Surface Site Formation Reactions
Fe(OH)3(s) ↔ Fe3+ - 3 H+ (R1) k1f = 0.05
Fe(OH)3(s) ↔ FeOH (R2) *
Aqueous Complexation Reactions
CoEDTA2- ↔ Co2+ + EDTA4- (R3) Logk3f= 2.03, Log k3
b = 20.00
Ca2+ + EDTA4- ↔ CaEDTA2 (R4) Log K4e = 12.32
H+ + EDTA4- + Ca2+ ↔ CaHEDTA- (R5) Log K5e = 15.93
Ca2+ ↔ H+ + Ca(OH)+ (R6) LogK6e= -12.60
Fe(OH)3(s) + EDTA4- ↔ FeEDTA- (R7) Log k7f = 25., Log k7
b = -2.57
Fe3+ + H+ + EDTA4- ↔ FeHEDTA (R8) Log K8e = 29.08
---- -- ---
4H+ + EDTA4 - ↔ H4EDTA (R23) LogK23e= 23.10
H+ + OH- ↔ H2O& (R24) LogK24e= 14.00
Reactive Transport Description (1)
24
Adsorption-Desorption Reactions
FeOH ↔ FeO- + H+ (R25) LogK25e=-11.60
--- -- ---
FeOH - H+ + Co2+ ↔ FeO-Co+ (R30) Logk30f = -0.99, Log k30
b = 1.70
FeOH + H+ + Ca2+ + EDTA4- ↔ FeOH2-CaEDTA-
(R31) Log k31f = 25.0, Log k31
b = 1.19
Ion-Exchange Reactions
Mg2+ + 2 ↔ + 2Na+ (R32) Logk32f = -0.75, Log k32
b = -0.5
Ca2+ + 2 ↔ + 2Na+ (R33) Log k33e = 0.6
* This users’ specified equation is modified fromStumm and Morgan, 1996, in which SA is the unit surface area (m2 g-1) of mineral, NS isthe surface site density (mol sites m-2), NA is Avogadro’s number (mol sites per mol),Mmineral is the molecular weight of mineral&The species H2O can be decoupled from the system if its activity is assumed 1.0.
Na 2Mg
2Ca Na
]S[ + ]S[ + ]S[ + ]S[ + ]S[ + ]S[ + ]S[ + ]S[ = [M]MN
NS87654321mineral
A
sA
Reaction Network of Various Types (33 reactions, 41 Species)
Reactive Transport Description (2)
25
Reactive Transport Description (3)
Initial and Boundary Conditions for Reactive TransportInitial and Boundary Conditions for Reactive Transport
26
Reactive Transport Description (4)Initial ConditionsInitial Conditions
Species High Concentration Region
Low Concentration Region
C6 (Ca2+) 1.00E-05 1.00E-05C1 (Fe3+) 1.00E-07 1.00E-07C4 (Co2+) 1.00E-05 1.00E-05C2 (H+) 3.00E-05 1.00E-05
C5 (EDTA4-) 1.00E-05 1.00E-05C28 (H2O) 5.56E+01 5.56E+01
C10 (FeEDTA-) 1.00E-05 1.00E-05M (FeO3(s)) 2.00E-05 1.00E-07
C3 (CoEDTA2-) 1.00E-06 1.00E-07
C29 (Mg2+) 1.00E-05 1.00E-05C30 (Na+) 1.00E-04 1.00E-05Site-C29 1.40E-04 1.00E-05Site-C30 7.00E-04 1.00E-05Site-C6 1.50E-04 1.00E-05
27
Species Dirichlet B.C Variable B.C-I Variable B.C-IIC6 (Ca2+) 1.00E-03 1.00E-05 0C1 (Fe3+) 1.00E-07 1.00E-07 0C4 (Co2+) 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 0C2 (H+) 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 0
C5 (EDTA4-) 1.00E-03 1.00E-05 0
C28 (H2O) 5.56E+01 5.56E+01 55.56C10 (FeEDTA-) 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 0C3 (CoEDTA2-) 1.00E-03 1.00E-07 0
C29 (Mg2+) 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 0C30 (Na+) 1.00E-04 1.00E-05 0
Reactive Transport Description (5)
Boundary ConditionsBoundary Conditions
28
Animation of Species S1: S1.avi
M (Fe(OH)3(s)) S1 (FeOH) (R2); Fe(OH)3(s) ↔ Fe3+ - 3 H+ (R1)
29
Animation of Species C10: C10.avi
C1 + C5 C10 ; Log k7f = 25.00, Log k7
b = -2.57 (R7)
Fe3+ + EDTA4- ↔ FeEDTA-
30
Further Advances: Present and Future
Multiphase flow (aqueous phase, gaseous phase, and super liquid phase, NAPL, etc.)
Thermal Transport (temperature changes induced by fluid injection, associated phase changes and chemical reactions)
Geo-Mechanics (how faults and fractures affect fluid pressure and chemical migration, and the converse of fluid pressure inducing rock deformation and fault displacement)
Reactive Transport (subsurface biogeochemical reactions among chemicals, groundwater/brine, and rock) [aqueous complexation, adsorption-desorption, ion-exchange, precipitation-dissolution, redox, acid-base reactions, microbial-mediated redox, nutrient cycle, carbon cycle, biota kinetics, metal cycle, etc.]
THMC: Thermal-Hydraulic (Hydrology)-Mechanic-Chemical Processes
31
Environmental setting for Multiphase Flow System
32
Example:Heterogeneous Media,Pumping, and injecting wells
1
2
3
Initial condition0.10.10.8
SSS
Finite element discretization Fluid properties
Material properties
0 31
0 32
0 3 33
1
2
3
21 2
21 2
21 2S
19 2 2
1.0 g/cm
1.4 g/cm
1.0 10 g/cm841.0828 g/cm/day690.0828 g/cm/day15.81 g/cm/day
6.162 10 cm day / g
4.086 10 cm day / g
2.057 10 cm day / g
1.557 10 day / cm
1
2
β
β
MRT
8 2
-131
-132
-121
4.27 10 cm0.25
0.044 cm
0.099 cm
0.11 cm2.2
0ir
nS
k
Total number of nodes = 1485Total number of elements = 1408
165 cm
65 cm
GRAVEL
CLAY
SILT
6 2
12 2
10 2
GRAVEL
4.27 10 cm 0.25CLAY
4.27 10 cm 0.40SILT
4.27 10 cm 0.35
k
k
k
11.2
5 cm
67.50 cm78.75 12.1
875
cm
15 0 21 1
15 0 22 1
15 0 23 1
Boundary condition 1
7.2335 10 - gh g/cm/day
7.3356 10 - gh g/cm/day
7.6113 10 - gh g/cm/day
P
P
P
Boundary condition 2
Boundary condition 1
h
Well position
(63.75, 32.5)(63.75, 30.46875)(63.75, 28.4375)
(67.5, 32.5)(67.5, 30.46875)(67.5, 28.4375)(71.25, 32.5)(71.25, 30.46875)(71.25, 28.4375)
Boundary condition 3
Pumping well
Pumping rate
3
3
0 0.5 days
Pumping rate = 0 cm /day0.5 3 days
Pumping rate = 50 cm /day
Injection well
Injection of water
3
3
0 0.5 days
Injection Rate = 10 cm /day0.5 3 days
Injection Rate = 50 cm /day
Boundary condition 3
1
2
3
Boundary condition 30.10.10.8
SSS
(105, 32.5)(105, 30.46875)(105, 28.4375)
15 0 21 1
15 0 22 1
15 0 23 1
Boundary condition 1
7.0872 10 - gh g/cm/day
7.1893 10 - gh g/cm/day
7.6079 10 - gh g/cm/day
P
P
P
Multiphase Flow Module
33
Animation: Case3_Sw.avi, Case3_Sn.avi, Case3_Sa.avi
Time= 0~ 3 day
S2 S3
S1
34
Example: instability of a two layered solid body – well known as salt diapirism.
= 22
Material2
= 5x106 S1= 0 S2= -0.2
= -1.0 1= 15 2= 0 3= 0
= 30 = 1x106 S1= 2.5 S2= -7.5
= 0 1= 0 2= 0 3= 0
Material1
g
200
100
1,200
Geomechanical Module
35
Deformation initially and at equilibrium for the viscous problem
36
Animation for the viscous problem : Viscous.avi
37
A THMC Model – HYDROGEOCHEM 6.0, 6.1, 7.0 and 7.1
38
A THMC Model – HYDROGEOCHEM 6.0
Any Number of Phase FlowThermal TransportReactive Transport of Any
Number of Reactions among Species
Geo-Mechanical Deformation of Visco-Elastic Materials
All Four Modules Are Explicitly Coupled via Storage Coefficients and/or Capillary Pressure Induced Diffusion
L
M N
39
3 Phase FlowThermal TransportGeo-mechanical Deformation
Due to Multi-phase Flow and Reactive transport
Reactive Transport of 40 Species Subject to 28 Reactions
Coupled Processes Modeling with HYDROGEOCHEM 6.0 – Problem Description (1)
40
1. Radioactive wastewater containing high concentration of NpO2+
is injected into a three fluid phase (water, NAPL, and air) system.2. Thermal effects are included.3. Injection effects on geo-mechanics (porosity change and
deformation) are considered.4. Media contain high adsorption sites in Region A.5. Chemistry includes intra phase (homogeneous) reactions and
inter phase (heterogeneous) reactions
Coupled Processes Modeling with HYDROGEOCHEM 6.0 – Problem Description (2)
41
Coupled Processes Modeling with HYDROGEOCHEM 6.0 – Problem Description (3)
Reaction Network: 28 reaction, 40 species
Water phase reaction No Reaction Constants + -
2 (l)H O H + OH R1 1Log K 14.00
2+ 2-
3 3Ca + CO CaCO l R2 2Log K 3.22 2+ + 2- +
3 3Ca + H + CO CaHCO R3 3Log K 11.43 2+ + +
Ca H + CaOH R4 4Log K 12.85 + 2- -
3 3H + CO HCO R5 5Log K 10.32 + 2-
3 2 32H + CO H CO R6 6Log K 16.67
+ +2 2 2lNpO + H O H NpO OH R7 7Log K 8.85
+ 2-2 3 2 3NpO + CO NpO CO
R8 8Log K 5.60
3+ 2-2 3 2 3 2
NpO + 2CO NpO CO
R9 9Log K 3.5
Air phase reaction No Reaction Constants (g) 4(g) (g) 3(g)O + CH OH + CH R10 10Log K 0.45
(g) (g) (g) (g)O + HCO OH + CO R11 11Log K 21.41
42
Coupled Processes Modeling with HYDROGEOCHEM 6.0 – Problem Description (4)
Reaction Network: 28 reaction, 40 species
Inter phase reaction No S = Kd C
+ +2 2l NAPLNpO NpO R12 d, 12K 0.2
+ +2 2lNpO NpO g R13 d, 13K 0.3
2 2 NPALH O H O R14 d, 14K 0.001
2 2 gH O H O R15 d, 15K 0.01
lNAPL NAPL R16 d, 16K 0.01
gNAPL NAPL R17 d, 17K 0.001
lAir Air R18 d, 18K 0.0001
NPALAir Air R19 d, 19K 0.0001
43
Coupled Processes Modeling with HYDROGEOCHEM 6.0 – Problem Description (5)
Reaction Network: 28 reaction, 40 species
Inter-phase reaction (Kinetic reaction) No Reaction rates
2 2 k NPALH O H O R20 -5 -220 2 2 k(NAPL)R =10 H O 10 H O
2 2 k gH O H O R21 -5 -321 2 2 k(g)R =10 H O 10 H O
k lNAPL NAPL R22 -5 -222 k(l)R =10 NAPL 10 NAPL
k gNAPL NAPL R23 -5 -223 k(g)R =10 NAPL 10 NAPL
k lAir Air R24 -5 -124 k(l)R =10 Air 10 Air
k NPALAir Air R25 -5 -125 k(NAPL)R =10 Air 10 Air
Adsorption-desorption reaction No Reaction Constants -=SOH H + =SO R26 26Log K 10.30 +2=SOH + H =SOH R27 27Log K 5.40
-2 2 2NpO + H O + =SOH H + = NpO OH SOH R28 28Log K 3.5
44
Coupled Processes Modeling with HYDROGEOCHEM 6.0 – Problem Description (6)
Initial and Boundary Conditions for Multiphase Flow
45
Coupled Processes Modeling with HYDROGEOCHEM 6.0 – Problem Description (7)
Initial and Boundary Conditions for Thermal Transport
46
Coupled Processes Modeling with HYDROGEOCHEM 6.0 – Problem Description (8)
Initial and Boundary Conditions for Reactive Chemical Transport
47
Coupled Processes Modeling with HYDROGEOCHEM 6.0 – Problem Description (9)
Initial and Boundary Conditions for Geo-mechanics Simulation
4848
Mesh and Numerical Parameters
Coupled Processes Modeling with HYDROGEOCHEM 6.0 – Problem Description (10)
1. A uniform mesh of 1,485 nodes and 1,408 elements2. Total simulation time: 2.985 days3. Initial time step size = 0.0001 day4. Maximum time step size = 0.001 day5. Total time steps: 3,000
49Water coming to the simulated region displaces other two phases.
Contour of degree of saturation for the aqueous phase
Coupled Processes Modeling with HYDROGEOCHEM 6.0 – Problem Description (11)
50NAPL is displaced by the injection water and moves downward
Contour of degree of saturation for the NAPL phase
Coupled Processes Modeling with HYDROGEOCHEM 6.0 – Problem Description (12)
51Air is displaced by the injected water and moves upward.
Contour of degree of saturation for the gaseous phase
Coupled Processes Modeling with HYDROGEOCHEM 6.0 – Problem Description (13)
52
Animation for Degree of Saturation S1_ana.avi
S2_ana.avi S3_ana.avi
Coupled Processes Modeling with HYDROGEOCHEM 6.0 – Problem Description (14)
53
Contour of temperature distribution
Coupled Processes Modeling with HYDROGEOCHEM 6.0 – Problem Description (15)
54
Animation for Temperature Temperature_ana.avi
Coupled Processes Modeling with HYDROGEOCHEM 6.0 – Problem Description (16)
55NpO2
+ is transported away from the injected well and is retarded when it reaches the adsorption region.
Contour of Total Dissolved NpO2+
Coupled Processes Modeling with HYDROGEOCHEM 6.0 – Problem Description (17)
56
Animation for Total NpO2+ in each phase D1_ana.avi
D2_ana.avi D3_ana.avi
Coupled Processes Modeling with HYDROGEOCHEM 6.0 – Problem Description (18)
57
Animation for Dissolved Species NpO2+ Naptinum_ana.avi
Coupled Processes Modeling with HYDROGEOCHEM 6.0 – Problem Description (19)
58NpO2+ is adsorbed when the front of plume reaches the
adsorption site
Contour of total adsorbed NpO2+
Coupled Processes Modeling with HYDROGEOCHEM 6.0 – Problem Description (20)
59
Total Adsorbed_ana.aviAnimation for total adsorbed NpO2+
Coupled Processes Modeling with HYDROGEOCHEM 6.0 – Problem Description (21)
60
The distribution of pH is in the range of 10.50~10.711. pH is relatively low in the region A compared to region B.2. pH is increasing with the coming of the injected NpO2
+. (NpO2+ and H+ are
competing for the site)
Contour of pH
Coupled Processes Modeling with HYDROGEOCHEM 6.0 – Problem Description (22)
61
pH_ana.aviAnimation for pH
Coupled Processes Modeling with HYDROGEOCHEM 6.0 – Problem Description (23)
62
1. Total concentration of CH4 in air phase
Contour of CH4(g)
Coupled Processes Modeling with HYDROGEOCHEM 6.0 – Problem Description (24)
63
Contour of Change of Porosity
1. Porosity change due to the drainage and injection of wastewater 0
0
100%
2. The ration of the change of porosity
Coupled Processes Modeling with HYDROGEOCHEM 6.0 – Problem Description (25)
64
FI_ana.aviAnimation for Porosity Change
Coupled Processes Modeling with HYDROGEOCHEM 6.0 – Problem Description (26)
65
Summaries and Conclusions(1)
The development of groundwater models and their applications to real-world problems has evolved significantly since the late 1970’s.
The coupling groundwater processes include multiphase flow, thermal transport, geo-mechanics, reactive transport, and propagation of electro-magnetic waves (bases of geophysical methods).
The advances of numerical models center around their increasing design capability to foster these coupling processes: from the simplest one-phase groundwater flow to the most complete aforementioned processes.
66
Summaries and Conclusions(2)
It is gratifying to involve in the advances of groundwater model development in my career.
We have developed over 100 groundwater models, only a few stands out as de facto standard.
The state of modeling capability is still incomplete to handle complete groundwater processes.
We are fortunate enough to involve in the development of next generation numerical models
We are pleased that our development stands among the forefronts in the world.
67
The End
Questions??