Who Brought The Mayans To Mexico?orWere the ancient Turks, Akkads (Sumerians) and Dravidians (Tamils) the parents of Mexico and Meso-America?By Gene D. MatlockTHE FOREFATHERS OF THE MAYANS SET SAIL FOR MESO-AMERICA.[Right: A beach in the Konkan.] The time is about 1,500 BC. A fleet of Tamil ships in some harbor of the Konkan or Kankon, a beautiful white sand coastline stretching from todays Maharasthra to the southern tip of Western India, raises anchor and sails south to what is now the large island nation of Ceylon (todays Sri Lanka). Their goal is to sail to Patala or what is now Mexico and Meso-America, leaving emigrant settlers there. During their stay in Ceylon, they recruit skilled stone workers, skilled craftsmen, and temple builders in the province of Maya, to build a new Tamil civilization over or alongside an Akkad-type (Sumerian) civilization that was already in Meso-America: that of the Olmecs or Olman.[Right: Zikharis in Konkan.] The ancient Tamils were international traders and colonizers. Wherever they went in the world, they left an unmistakable imprint of their presence, such as place names, foods, games, and temple buildings. Their temple buildings were usuallyzikharis(tiered or pyramidical temple platforms). Often, small entrances or temples were located on each tier, but not always. On the top tier, there was always a temple. On top if it often stood an ornate rectangular steeple. However, circular domes or single spires often stood on top of the temple as well. Zikharis usually varied in appearance, according to the Dravidian or Tamil-derived cultures of the host nations. But one thing never changed: the unmistakable presence of Tamil influence.[Right: Kanchipuram Temple.]ABOUT WHO THE PHOENICIANS REALLY WERE.Before continuing with this article, I must clarify who the Phoenicians really were. I first learned about these people who settled the earth, about whom modern man knows nearly nothing, from the 19th century British Orientalist George Rawlinsons book, Phoenicia. He was considered as the leading authority on these hardy mariners. But even he was off base. He said that the Phoenicians had no definite homeland but occupied trading ports all over the Middle East. In the Western hemisphere, they were called Puni but did not usually answer to that name. Furthermore, he said they were a Mediterranean people. Yet, in studying Hindu history, I discovered that they also existed in Central Asia and India. But there, they were called Pani. Not even in India did they call themselves Pani.In his brief but enlightening little book, The Rig Veda a History, Bengali historian, Rajeswar Gupta, stated: in ancient times the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea were connected together by a strait through which the Phoenicians and Aryan trading ships entered the MediterraneanAs that passage silted up the connection between India and Europe broke off. (p. 4.)Had Professor Gupta been more acquainted with the Turkish-related nations in Central Asia, he wouldve realized that the Phoenicians and Aryans were the same people. The Phoenicians in the Middle East eventually lost their awareness of being Dravidians, separating themselves in many small city coastal states.Even today, the Turkish peoples call themselves Ari. The forefathers of the Turkish peoples also called themselves Pancha (Five) Krishtayas (The Original Five Races of Mankind).Like me, Professor Gupta intuited that the Phoenicians had originated in Central Asia. Herodotus, the Greek Historian, did not mention the Phoenicians as being a disorganized collection of city states, but as a single political entity. I intuited that the original Phoenicia was Anatolia (Turkey) and Bulgaria. Greece was at one time a part of Phoenicia but later broke away. Even now the Greeks are a great sea people as are the Turks. As a matter of fact, the famed Piri Reis 6000 years old map of the world was made from older Turkish maps. The Mercateur map is another example.UNDERSTANDING THE MEANING OF THE TERM PANI OR PUNIIf the Panis or Punis did not call themselves by those names, what do those similar terms mean? This anomaly perplexed me because the word exists in nearly all the languages of the world, even in Meso-America. It is a fact that Panama was named after them because it was and is a passage allowing boats to cross it. To find out what the term Pani meant, I consulted the book, The Civilized Demons, the Harappans in Rig Veda, by Malati J. Shendge: They participated in the international trade, taking the caravans from place to place, supplying goods according to demand by bringing them from places where they were in surplus. (p. 222.) In short, it means traffic; moving from one place to another. The same meaning is found in the Nahuatl language: pan (external location); pano; opano (crossing to the other side), etc. (See Angel Maria Garibays Llave del Nahuatl.) Even in our English language, the prefix pan means roughly the same thing: all-encompassing; everywhere, etc.THE SUMERIANS WERE TURKS.Many people find it difficult to accept that even the Akkad or Sumerians were Turkish. The Akkads (Sumerians) were Phoenicians. known also as Kads, Khatti, etc., Originally, they were a Turkish (Kur, Tur, Tul, Tol, etc.) people from what our Bible calls Eden, the Akkadian word for the Steppes (Central Asia). Before the Great Flood, the Steppes or Eden was regarded as an earthly paradise. However, when the Great Flood inundated what are now the Altai, Tannu (Tiva, Teva, or Tuva), and Khakassia Turkish republics, the survivors had to build their civilization all over again. Many fled to what is now India, becoming Indians themselves, joining the eastern part of the Northern and southern hemisphere as a single nation.Many of the post-flood tribes had been reduced to savagery. The Aryans or Kurs (Turks) could not rehabilitate them. A Bulgarian king, known in Indian mythology as the god of gold, good fortune and treasure, Kubera (Khyber, Kheever, or the biblical Heber) decided to banish them to Lanka. He and his followers, the Yakhus or Yakshas, thought they would thrive more peacefully in that fertile, tropical country. However, not even there would they civilize themselves. With the exception of the Mayans of Altai and some Huna (Hunnish or Mongol) tribes, most of the incorrigible nomadic tribes, called Rakshasas and Pisacas, preferred to exist in the depths of degradation.The Kubera people were called Nagas or Chans because the snake was their emblem. According to the Ramayana, they peopled the world, taking about 10,000 years to do so. Kubera and his Yakhsas, along with the Mayans I have already mentioned, then killed as many Rakshasas and Pisacas as possible, taking the survivors to Patala.In his book, Remedy the Frauds in Hinduism, historian Kuttikhat Purushothoma Chon mentioned the Siberian origin of the Mayans. Maya architects are mentioned in our epic Mahabharata. Maya people are in Siam and East Asia. There is a place called Mayyavad in Kerala. The Uttar Pradesh people have the meaning of Mayya as mother in phrases like Ganga ki Mayya. There is a vast area in Russian East Siberia as well as a river by name Maya. (p. 28.)The Cologne Sanskrit Lexicon defines the Maya as mathematicians (measurers), astronomers, military strategists, magicians, wise-men, and builders. Our Mesoamerican Mayans definitely fit this description.Malati J. Shendge said that the Panis, Asuras, Yakshas, and Mayans were partners in a common cause.DNA EVIDENCE OF A SIBERIAN ORIGIN OF OUR AMERICAN INDIANS.Russian scientists have recently discovered that the DNA of people from the Siberian Khakassia and Altai regions bordering on Tuva (also known as Tannu, Tiva and Teva). The Mayans are supposed to have originated in Altai. Later, the Kubera hordes took them to Ceylon where they became a great people. To date, little research has been done on the DNA of the Tuvans. The Russian scientists believe that the people of Tuva may have even a higher DNA match with Amerindians. All that is remaining now is to test the DNA of Mayans in other Asian lands, also that of our own Mayans, the Inca Nahua, Maya, and Mayo clans, as well as that of the Mexican Yaquis (Yakhs?) and Mayo (Maya)-two tribes speaking the same language.WHO WERE THE ASURAS?Malati J. Shendge says that the Asura empire governed the Indus Valley (Western India): these peopleswere well-versed in agriculture, technology, engineering, sea-faring and trade and had established a control on river waters by setting up dams and irrigation canals. (The Civilized Demons, p. 289,) Within this context, even the Phoenicians were Asuras.WERE THESE ASURAS AND THEIR ALLIES LIGHT OR DARK-SKINNED?That the Aryans living in the coastal lands of Western India were dark-skinned Dravidians, there is no doubt. Arrian said in his book Indica: The inhabitants upon the Indus are in their looks and appearance not unlike the Ethiopians. Those upon the southern coast resemble them the most, for they are very black, and their hair is also black; but they are not so flat-nosed, nor have they woolly hair. They, who are more to the north, have a great resemblance to the Egyptians.A certain Hindu nationalist group has tried to convince the Hindus that the so-called Aryan invasion was a white Europoid lie in order to oppress non-whites. However, they cannot explain why the one hundred fifty million people living in the Turkish-related nations still call themselves Ari (Aryan). Additionally, Krishtayas claimed to be all the races of mankind.[Right: A group of Tamils honoring my friend T. L. Subash Chandra Bose at a religious meeting. He is the man in the background, wearing a garland of flowers.] Dr. Polyat Kaya, a Turkish professor of historical linguistics, wrote: Pre-Iranian culture was Turanian culture and civilization before theAryans. Indus civilization was also a Turanian culture like the Sumerian culture was. Dravidian being related to these ancient cultures ties them all together and also to Turkish. They are all agglutinative languages although historians and linguists are conditioned not to mention the name Tur/Turk. (Istanbulallingus@hotmail.com.)The traditional garb of Dravidian men has not changed in thousands of years. Like the ancient Assyrians, they wear long flowing skirts reaching to their ankles.Many scholars agree that Asura was Assyria, an empire extending from West-Central Asia down to the tip of Southwestern India. If I am correct in assuming that the Dravidians were the Asuras, they are mentioned in Genesis as Ashur, son of Shem. (Genesis 10:22.)The ancient Phoenicians claimed that they originally came from the lands alongside the Erythean Sea. The Erythean Sea is now the Arabian Ocean, extending from Pakistan throughout all the western coast of India.WERE THE OLMECS TURKISH?The Olmecs or Olman were the first civilization in Meso-America. Although there are abundant physical and linguistic artifacts of their existence, only the Nahuatl-speaking tribes and the Mayans knew something about the Olmecs or Olman as a people. For certain, we know that they were Turks because Olmak and Olman are the Turkish names for Adam. Perhaps they called themselves thusly because they were the first inhabitants of Mexico.[Right: Artists idea of what the ancient Olmec city of La Venta looked like.] The Olmecs supposedly entered Western Mexico in boats, crossing the then navigable Isthmus of Tehuantepec. They first settled on the east coast of Veracruz by the river Papaloapan. The Nahuatl-speaking people couldnt pronounce B. Papaloapan was probably Babalu-apan (Babylonian Crossing).The Olmecs Zikhari (Temple Mounts) were similar to those of the Sumerian Zigurrats and with virtually the same name: Zicualli and Zacualli. Because the Nahuatl tribes couldnt say L, it was probably a dialectical version of Zigurrat: Zicuari.[Left: A central Asian Ziggurat with upper elevations eroded by centuries.] Hundreds of years after settling on the coast, they moved in to the central highlands of Mexico and as far northward as the present-day state of San Luis Potosi. Traces of them may eventually be found as far as Southwestern United States.As they multiplied and spread out, they eventually forgot they were Olmecs and Olman. About all they could remember is that they came to America in boats: Nava or Nauvak (Nahua or Nauwak), ship people.Eventually, Nauvak changed to Anauwak (no longer ship people). Even today, the Nahuatl word Anahuac means between two waters. The Nahuatl-speaking tribes also called themselves Toltec, derived from Toltika, meaning Sons of Tulan or Turan. When the Spaniards arrived in Mexico, the Aztecs called them Tules, thinking they, too, were Turks.

[Above: Map of Tula in Siberian Russia. Did the Aztecs come from this Tula?]They and the Sumerians prayed to the same mother goddess:

Southern Persia, Afghanistan, and Pakistan had several different names:Sivapuri(The Region of God Shiva),Sivabhu(Sacred Land of Shiva),Sivapuni(The Purity of Shiva), andShivulba(The Womb, Origin, or Cave of Shiva). The Pueblo Indians called their underworld or place of originSibapuorSibapuni; for the Mayans, it wasShibalba, their "underworld" and place of the gods. The linguistic and functional similarities of the HinduSivabhu, Sivapuni, andShivulbawith the PuebloanSibapu, Sivapuni, and the MayanShivalba(Xibalba) are too nearly exact to be coincidences.[Right: The "Sumerian" Statue in Tepoztlan, Morelos.]ATepewas a low, steep hill surrounded by a village. TheTepewas used both as a fortress in case of attack and as a religious center honoring the villages special deity-often a mother goddess. A few of the many hundreds of Tepes scattered overSivabhu, even into the Middle East, areTepe Yaya, Tepe Ya, Tepe Kilize, Tepe Liman, Tepe Catal, Tepe Godin, Tepe Cora,etc.Mexico is the only region outside the Middle East and Central Asia, where we find hundreds of these combination protective and holy hills called Tepes. Some of these areTepatitn, Tuxtepec, Tepec, Tepic, Mazatepec, Tepetatas, Tepantita, Tepetzintla, Tepuste, Tepetlix, Tepetlalco, ad infinitum.In ancientSivabhu, the deities located at the tops of these tepes were calledYah, Yakh, Yakhu, Yaksha, Yakshietc., meaning Guardian Angel. The leading MexicanYakshi(female guardian angel) had her sanctuary atop what is nowTepeyac(Hill of the Guardian Angel) in Mexico City. She is now the Virgin of Guadalupe.Eventually, the non-Olmec tribes in Mexico, if there were ever any at all, copied their civilization after them. The Aztecs claimed that they had once lived in what are now the Florida Cays. When their city went under water, a sea-faring group saved them, dumping them on the Mexican mainland. In their annals, they said they adopted the civilization of the people already there.The Nahuatl-speaking tribes and the Mayans told the Spaniards that a people called Tamoan-chan or Tamuan-chan also mixed with the Olmecs. These would be people from some part of Oceania, such as Samoa or New Zealand. (See Garibays Llave del Nahuatl.) The word Chan meant Place of SnakesIn the 1950s, I visited a strange rock formation near Tepoztlan, Morelos, resembling a badly eroded Sumerian statue. Some people think it is just a natural formation, but I do not. There are other man-made formations near it, that are definitely not Aztec.THE MAYANS WERE TAMILS.I am now ready to return to the hypothetical voyage of Tamils to America. They probably used two types of maps. The map below-left shows Mt. Meru with petals pointing in four directions. The left petal points toward a distant land called Ketumal or Chetumal. In order to reach that land, they had to go eastward in order to avoid sailing around the tip of Africa. They knew where they were going, for they had been there before! The map below-right was their own map of the world.The Mayans said that the land of their forefathers lay 150 days westward.When the Tamils arrived in North America, they crossed over to what is now the Caribbean Sea, through the Isthmus of Panama (The Great Crossing). After coming out the other side, they docked in the safe harbor of Chetumal. It still bears the same name. Chetumal harbor is in Belize. Belize derives from Belisha (God Shiva).[Right: Photo of Chetumal harbor in Belize.]Later, they left Chetumal, sailing up the coast to a place reminding them of the beauty of their old home in Konkan. They dropped anchor and made their first home in America there. Not surprisingly, they decided to name their new home Kankun (Cancun). After thousands of years, the last syllable has barely changed in pronunciation.[Left: Beach scene in Tulum, Cancun area. Right: Map showing their voyage from Chetumal to Cancun.]When the Tamils settled in Yucatn, they built their typical zikharis, such as those of Tikal and Palenque. At Tikal, they stained their stone monuments a reddish color, just as they had done back in the Konkan.[Left: A Tikal Zikhari. Right: A Pelenque Zikhari.]People are surprised to see stone images of elephants in Mayan country, such as the following one in Copan. It may be a reminder of the elephants in India.[Right: Stone etching of a Hindu mahout, complete with turban, riding on the head of an elephant.] Some authorities, who do not agree with me that the Mayans came from abroad, think Southern Mexico once had elephants. The truth is that they worshiped a long-nosed god (Chac) or elephant, just as the Hindu Tamils worshiped the elephant-headed Ganesha in India.Chakwas the long-nosed Mayan God of thunder, lightning, rain, and crops. His elephantine trunk sprayed water on the earth. His equivalent in other parts of the world wasZeus, Dyaus, Jupiter, Ca, Jah, Ju, Jahve, Jehova Jeho, Sakh, Sagg, Sa-ga-ga, Sakko, Zagg, Zax. a.k.a.Zeus, is often depicted holding a serpentine thunderbolt and a grail, or someone is handing it to him. The Mayan Chak is equally depicted.

The Mayan god Chac.LINGUISTIC EVIDENCE THAT THE MAYANS WERE FROM CEYLON.They gave several names that directly and indirectly identified Ceylon: Shilanka (Xilanca) - an ancient name of Ceylon (Zeilan-Ka).Shikalanka (Xicalanca)- Ceylon. In Tamil,Shikalam.Itzamnawas one of their culture heroes. He claimed to have come from a western country. Isham, meaning 'Tiger, ""Land of Gold," was a Dravidian name of Ceylon. The Na in Isham-na is an honorific.Ishbalanka (Xbalanca), another culture hero. In Tamil, it means "Shiva of Lanka." India's God Shiva was supposed to have made the footprint on top of Adam's Peak in today's Sri Lanka.Shibalba, The Mayan underworld. This word stems From the SanskritShivulba, meaning from the fountainhead of God Shiva-Mt. Meru, in India.Palenke (Palenque). This name derives from the TamilPal-Lanka, meaning "Protectorate of Lanka." Ancient Lanka was Indias Atlantis.TheYaxilan (Yakshilan)Mayan ruins. This name means The Ceylon Yakhs in Sanskrit.Ceren, a name of Ceylon. Some Mayan ruins in El Salvador are calledCeren.Lacandon, a tribe of Yucatan. India's god Kubera banished the Laks, a Tartarian Huna or Rakshasha tribe from Northern India to Ceylon, giving the country one of its many names and becoming the Lakan or Lakam people. TheDoninLacan-don derives fromDan (Tannu or Dannu?). (See the online Cologne Sanskrit and Tamil dictionaries for comparison of ancient Ceylon names with those of Mayan tribes and places.)THE THREE PROVINCES OF ANCIENT CEYLON.Ancient Ceylon was divided into three provinces:Maya, the central division of the island;Ruhuna (Soul of Huna Land), andPihitee, the northernmost of the three. The CeyloneseMayawere known for their impressive astronomical knowledge, architectural marvels, temples, and irrigation ponds. (Reference: The History of Ceylon, by William Knighton, first published in Colombo Ceylon, in 1845.)One of the names of Ceylon's cult religions wasMayon. It still exists among a few aboriginals living on the island.Most of the Rakshasa and Pisaca bad boys were TartarianHunas, They came fromHuna-Bhu, meaning Hunas (Tartars) from the Sacred Land around Mt. Meru. Many of these tribes were cannibalistic, given to intertribal fighting, practitioners of human sacrifice in their religious rites, flattened the foreheads of their babies, took scalps in battle, and observed other customs attributed to many Amerindian tribes. The Mayans remember them as the culture hero,Hunapu (Huna-Bhu?).Had the natives of Meso-America been able to pronounce the "ST" combination, today's Yucatan would beYucasthan (Yakhuthan?). Even today, many Mexican Indians and peasants cannot pronounce this combination. For example, instead ofCmo est?(How are you?), they can only say,"Cmo t?"Guatemaladerives from SanskritGuadhaamala, meaningGuha(Cosmic Intelligence) +Dha(Serpentine) +Amala(Umbilical Cord), the Sacred Umbilical Cord Linking Western Asia and India with Meso-America. Besides the Ceylonese and Tamil tribal namesYakkha, Maya, andLakin Maya country, there are also theLencaandRamatribes. The Mayan lowlands are even called Guanacaste, meaning The Western Enlightened Nagas. It is assumed that the Olmecs spoke Nahuatl because of the place-names they left behind. The Olmecs called the Maya country in Southeastern Veracruz, Coatzacoalcos (Snake Sanctuary). Snake Sanctuary was none other than the home of the Western or American Nagas.Originally, the Asuras or Nagas were not only a civilized people, but a maritime power,Kadru, the mother of serpents, compelled Garuda (the Eagle or Hawk) to serve her sons by transporting them across the sea to a beautiful land, which was inhabited by Nagas. The Asuras (Nagas) were expert navigators who possessed very considerable naval resources and had founded upon distant coasts. (The Encircled Serpent by M. Oldfield, p. 47.)Even today, the Mexican flag has an Eagle with a serpent in its mouth, representing the arrival of the ancient Mexicans to Meso-America. It also represents the arrival of the Meshika to what is now Mexico City.[Right: Mexican flag.] The Tamils and all the tribes of Meso-America, from Mexico to Panama, played the same board game: Pachesi. The Meso-Americans called it by a linguistically similar name: Patolli. (Note: CH and T are linguistically similar. LL was the only way the Renaissance Spaniards could approximate the sounds of Z and J. This proves that Patolli derived from Pachesi.) I myself saw a Patolli board game at the National Museum of Costa Rica, in San Jose.

[Above Left: Mr. Subash Bose displays an ancient Tamil Pachesi board kept as a relic in the temple of his area. The Tamils and all the tribes of Meso-America, from Mexico to Panama, played the same board game: Pachesi. Right: The Meso-Americans called it by a linguistically similar name: Patolli. (Note: CH and T are linguistically similar. LL was the only way the Renaissance Spaniards could approximate the sounds of Z and J. This proves that Patolli derived from Pachesi.) I myself saw a Patolli board game at the National Museum of Costa Rica, in San Jose.]BOTH THE MEXICAN INDIANS & TAMILS ATE TAMALES WITH THE SAME NAME!The Tamils and Turks even gave some of their favorite dishes to the ancient Mexicans, and with the same names! I will name just two of them: Tamales and Corundas. The ancient Tamils were known as Tamils or Tamals. One of their favorite foods was a type of paste or filling wrapped in bamboo husk. Even in Tamil Nadu it is called Tamal. The Michoacanos have a similar triangular shaped tamal called Corunda. In Turkic it would be kur-unda (Turkic dough).My Tamil Nadu friend, Mr. Subash Bose, pointed out to me the fact that Hindus often worship cobras and that the Mayans worshipped rattlesnakes. He said that Mayan huts look exactly like those in Tamil Nadu.The Kuberas even gave their name to North America. The Meso-Americans told the Spaniards that North America was Quivira (Land of the Khyber People).Most of us have heard of the Mayan holy book,Chilam Balam. ChilanorChilamis a title of Mayan priests.Balamis the Mayan name for Jaguar. In Sanskrit,Cheilan= Ceylonese andVyalam= tiger; lion; hunting leopard. Jaguar probably stems from the SanskritHigkara, meaning Tiger-like or sounding like a tiger.The Mayans called their Quetzalcoatl Kukulcan and Gukumats. These names appear to derive directly from the Turkic language. Kuk or Gok derived from the Turkic Gog and Gok, names of ancient Turkish tribes.Ulumeans high placed.Matsderives fromMasi, the Turkic word for Messiah.Khanis a Turkic word for King. Therefore,Kukulcan=Gogulkhan(The Revered King of Gog.)Gukumats=Gokumasi(The Revered Gok Messiah).The presence of Dravidian, Turkic, and Sanskrit words in America shouldnot surprise anyone, for the Aryans and Indians (Ramanaka) traveled together throughout the world. In his book, El Orgen de los Indios, the Spanish priest, Gregorio Prez, wrote that the Caribbean Indians said that their founding fathers were the Kuru-Rumani.Some Dravidians think Sanskrit sprang from Dravidian, but my research does not indicate this. Many of the Turks also spoke Aramaic, for at one time it was more generally spoken than it is now. The Turkish linguist, Professor Polyat Kaya, states that such languages as Sanskrit, Dravidian, Hebrew, Chinese, and many others are anagrams derived from Turkish. He also said that the Mayan language derives from Turkish.In this article, I have just presented a tiny part of the evidence in my possession, pointing to the Indian and Ceylonese origins of the Mayans. I have decided to end this article by recounting what the Jesuit priest Francisco Xavier Clavigero wrote in Volume I of his Historia Antigua de Messico (Ancient History of Mexico). Clavigero said that the Chiapaneco Mayans told him that a grandson of Noah, Votan, took people to people America. He was from the Chan (Naga or Serpent) tribe. They said that he came from the East, bringing seven groups with him. Two other leaders (Groups?) had also previously brought in settlers: Igh and Imox. He built a great city, now known as Palenque, call Nauchan, meaning City of the Serpents. When Noah emerged from the Ark, he and his people built their first city, calling it Nashan (The Noachide Chan).Votan founded three tributary monarchies called Tulan, Mayapan, and Chiquimala. The ruins of Tulan are those of Tula, Hidalgo, Mexico. Mayapan is the Yucatan peninsula itself. I have not yet located the region of Chiquimala. Perhaps it is Guatemala or the Mayan province of Tzequil.Like many Europoids ignorant of India and its history, Clavigero tried to place them in Cartagena, Africa, Rome, and even Spain. But he at least intuited that the early Mayan settlers were Phoenicians.Had he been more knowledgeable about ancient India and Ceylon, he would have known that they were Ceylonese, for in Tamil, VALAM POTAM means Place of Boats. Valam Potan (Ceylon) was located between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, where the trade winds are. The differences between Valum Votan and Valam Potam are trivial.Notice the following map showing the sea and land routes of the ancient Tamils. Below it, youll notice the words Oceanus Indicus (Indian Ocean). The ancient maps which the Spaniards used to get to America showed the same terms: Mar Indica; Oceanus Indica. From where did they obtain those maps showing that the eastern end of Oceanus Indica was America?

Map showing the land and sea routes of the ancient Tamils.The stone heads staring at the sea, from the shores of Easter Island, tell us a lot about the ancient sailors theyre supposed to represent. Notice their headpieces. Could they be Tamil turbans?

The stone heads of Easter Island.SOME PARTING THOUGHTSMany people dont know that the Mayans and Toltecs werent the only immigrants who entered the Americas through Chetumal, the Plymouth Rock of many American Indians. I can name several United States Indian tribes who also landed there. Their origin stories say so in plain words.In view of what I have said in this article, who is better qualified to identify the origins of our American Indians? Our Europoid academics? Or the Turks, Hindus, and American Indians?All kinds of speculations have been made, many mystical, about the ancient sea-farers known as Wotan, Woden, the German Wuotan, the Yap Island Paathan, and the Philipine Bataan. Even today, a large tribe of Pakistanis are called Pathan. Votan was never a single person. He was really a nation of sailors. This ancient nation of sailors and adventurers is still with us: The Dravidian Tamils!

A Tamil ship.As with Genes Viewzone article about the biblical Mesechs, this article will also be a chapter in an upcoming book he is preparing about the origins of our Amerindians. His latest book, What Strange Mystery Unites the Turkish Nations, India, Catholicism, and Mexico?, can also provide interested readers with some fascinating insights about the ancient world.Back to ViewZoneCOMMENTS:Hello,I came across this article Who Brought The Mayans To Mexico? By Gene D. Matlock. He mentions about the map having Mt Meru and the other one which is all circular and with symbolic pictures. Well, it might interest you to know that I have similar map with me. It has Mt meru at the centre surrounded by forest, land and rivers all in concentric pattern. We pray to Jambudvipa that was mentioned in the other map. And also these maps do not correspond to the earth rather the earth is a small part of it .

Jina Jain

Howdy,I just read your story on Hindus in Mexico for Viewzone and I found it very intriguing to say the least. I am a 5th generation hispanic living in San Antonio,Texas and for years as far back as I can remember, my grandmother kept telling me how her father was a Hindu. Now, I grew up Mexican-American and believing that I was Mexican-American with Spanish, Aztec and even Italian blood in me and I knew that I was always different from those around me and to this day I cannot place my finger on why I feel so, well displaced?My mother died when I was about 2 years old in a car accident somewhere in Mexico so my grandmother raised me and so as I grew up with her and her old school ideals and mentality but she would tell me the story of how she grew up in the Missions here in San Antonio and how she remembers her father and her uncle being Hindus and how they were forced to take the surname Trevino. Ironically enough, my great grandfather a man whom I loved dearly was named Domingo Trevino. As a small child I would spend many summers with him and I recall him telling me that we were indians but then he would whisper to me that we were a mixed Indian type...? I recall him teaching me how to use a bow and arrow to fire off at chickens in the back yard for dinner, he was very crafty, feared nothing and at times would talk about how I had a rare blood flowing in me, I till this day don't know what that meant but I know that as I grew up on the impoverish westside neighborhood of San Antonio in the housing projects no less, I knew there was something different about me. After reading your story, I think it might have just shined some light on that indifference? And to think my cousin and I have laughed at my grandmother's Hindu story all this time! Wow! Maybe she wasn't crazy or lying to us after all, who knows? Maybe DNA as you put it? Thank you,Roland "Chuck" ArriagaOverviewThe Maya is a Mesoamerican civilization, noted for the only known fully developed written language of the pre-Columbian Americas, as well as for its art, architecture, and mathematical and astronomical systems. The Maya civilization shares many features with other Mesoamerican civilizations due to the high degree of interaction that characterized the region. Advances such as writing, and the calendar did not originate with the Maya; however, they fully developed them. Maya influence can be detected from Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador and as far as central Mexico, more than 1000km from the Maya are. Many outside influences are found in Maya art and architecture, which are thought to result from trade and cultural exchange rather than direct external conquest.GeographyThe Maya civilization extended throughout the present-day southern Mexican states. The Maya area also extended throughout the northern Central American region, including the present-day nations of Guatemala, Belize, Northern El Salvador and western Honduras.The Maya area is generally divided into three loosely defined zones: the southern Maya highlands, the central lowlands, and the northern lowlands. The southern Maya highlands include all of elevated terrain in Guatemala. The southern lowlands lie just north of the highlands, and incorporate the Mexican states of Campeche and Quintana Roo and northern Guatemala, Belize and El Salvador. The northern lowlands cover the remainder of the Yucatn Peninsula.CultureReligionLike the Aztec and Inca who came to power later, the Maya believed in a cyclical nature of time. The rituals and ceremonies were very closely associated with celestial and terrestrial cycles which they observed and inscribed as separate calendars. The Maya priest had the job of interpreting these cycles and giving a prophetic outlook on the future or past based on the number relations of all their calendars. They also had to determine if the heavens were propitious for performing certain religious ceremonies.The Maya practiced human sacrifice. In some Maya rituals people were killed by having their arms and legs held while a priest cut the person's chest open and tore out his heart as an offering. This is depicted on ancient objects such as pictorial texts. Much of the Maya religious tradition is still not understood by scholars, but it is known that the Maya believed that the cosmos had three major planes, the Earth, the underworld beneath and the heavens above.There is a massive array of supernatural characters in the Maya religious tradition, only some of which recur with regularity. Good and evil traits are not permanent characteristics of Maya gods, nor is only "good" admirable. The life-cycle of maize lies at the heart of Maya belief. This philosophy is demonstrated on the belief in the Maya maize god as a central religious figure. The Maya bodily ideal is also based on the form of this young deity, which is demonstrated in their artwork.

ArchitectureMaya architecture spans many thousands of years yet, often the most dramatic and easily recognizable as Maya are the stepped pyramids. There are also cave sites that are important to the Maya. There are also cave-origin myths among the Maya. Some cave sites are still used by the modern Maya in the Chiapas highlands.As Maya cities spread throughout the varied geography of Mesoamerica, site planning appears to have been minimal. Maya architecture tended to integrate a great degree of natural features, and their cities were built somewhat haphazardly, as dictated by the topography of each independent location. For instance, some cities on the flat limestone plains of Mexico grew into great sprawling municipalities, while others built in the hills used the natural loft of its surroundings to raise their towers and temples to impressive heights.ArtMaya art has been considered to be the most sophisticated and beautiful of the ancient New World. We have only hints of the advanced painting of the classic Maya; mostly what has survived are funerary pottery and other Maya ceramics, and a building at Bonampak holds ancient murals that survived by chance. A beautiful turquoise blue color that has survived through the centuries due to its unique chemical characteristics is known as Maya Blue. The use of Maya Blue survived until the 16th century when the technique was lost. Late Pre-classic murals of great artistic and iconographic perfection have been recently discovered. With the translation of the Maya script it was discovered that the Maya were one of the few civilizations where artists attached their name to their work.Writing and LiteracyThe Maya writing system, often calledhieroglyphsfrom a superficial resemblance to the Ancient Egypt writing system. It is the only writing system of the Pre-Columbian New World which is known to represent the spoken language of its community. In total, the script has more than a thousand different glyphs, and many appear only rarely or are confined to particular localities. At any one time, no more than around 500 glyphs were in use.Since its inception, the Maya script was in use up to the arrival of the Europeans, peaking during the Maya Classical Period. Although many Maya centers went into decline during or after this period, the skill and knowledge of Maya writing persisted amongst segments of the population, and the early Spanish conquistadors knew of individuals who could still read and write the script. Unfortunately, the Spanish displayed little interest in it, and as a result of the dire affects the conquest had on Maya societies, the knowledge was subsequently lost.MathematicsIn common with the other Mesoamerican civilizations, the Maya used a base 20 and base 5 numbering system. The Maya and their neighbors independently developed the concept ofzeroby 36 BC. Inscriptions show them on occasion working with sums up to the hundreds of millions and dates so large it would take several lines just to represent it. They produced extremely accurate astronomical observations; their charts of the movements of the moon and planets are equal or superior to those of any other civilization working from naked eye observation.In common with the other Mesoamerican civilizations, the Maya had also measured the length of the solar year to a high degree of accuracy, far more accurately than that used in Europe as the basis of the Gregorian calendar.PoliticsA typical Classic Maya polity was a small hierarchical state headed by a hereditary ruler. Such kingdoms were usually no more than a capital city with its neighborhood and several lesser towns, although there were greater kingdoms, which controlled larger territories and extended patronage over smaller polities. Each kingdom had a name that did not necessarily correspond to any locality within its territory. Its identity was that of a political unit associated with a particular ruling dynasty. Interestingly, despite constant warfare and eventual shifts in regional power, most kingdoms never disappeared from the political landscape until the collapse of the whole system in the 9th century AD.Mayanists have been increasingly accepting a court based system of Classic Maya societies which puts the emphasis on the centrality of the royal household and especially the king. This approach focuses on Maya monumental spaces as the embodiment of the diverse activities of the royal household. It considers the role of places and spaces in establishing power and social hierarchy, and moreover in projecting aesthetic and moral values to define the ways in which society should conduct itself.AgricultureThe ancient Maya had diverse and sophisticated methods of food production. It was formerly believed that a temporary system of agriculture provided most of their food but it is now thought that permanent raised fields, terracing, forest gardens, managed fallows, and wild harvesting were also crucial to supporting the large populations of the Classic period in some areas. Indeed, evidence of these different agricultural systems persist today: raised fields connected by canals can be seen on aerial photographs, and pollen records in lake sediments suggest that corn, sunflower seeds, cotton, and other crops had been cultivated in association with the deforestation in Mesoamerica.Contemporary Maya peoples still practice many of these traditional forms of agriculture, although they are dynamic systems and change with changing population pressures, cultures, economic systems, climate change, and the availability of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides.The Maya CollapseThe Maya centers of the southern lowlands went into decline during the 8th and 9th centuries and were abandoned shortly thereafter. This decline was coupled with a cessation of monumental inscriptions and large-scale architectural construction. There is no universally accepted theory to explain this collapse.Non-ecological theories of Maya decline are divided into several catergories, such as overpopulation, foreign invasion, peasant revolt, and the collapse of key trade routes. Ecological ideas include environmental disaster, epidemic disease, and climate change. There is evidence that the Maya population exceeded capacity of the environment including exhaustion of agricultural potential and overhunting of large animals.LegacyThe Maya peoples never disappeared, neither at the time of the Classic period decline nor with the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors and the subsequent Spanish colonization of the Americas. Today, the Maya and their descendants form sizable populations throughout the Maya area and maintain a distinctive set of traditions and beliefs that are the result of the merger of pre-Columbian and post-Conquest ideas and cultures. Many Mayan languages continue to be spoken as primary languages today.