10th. synthesis term ii

7/31/2019 10th. Synthesis Term II

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ENGLISH

PREPOSITIONS

A preposition indicates a relation between things mentioned in a sentence. For example, in the sentence

"The cat sleeps on the sofa", the word "on" is a preposition, introducing the prepositional phrase "on the

sofa".

Preposition Example

About -He walks about the town

-He went at about 3 oclockAfter -The white house is after the stadium

-Danielle is preparing the activities after the classes

Against -She is against you

-The boy is against the wall

Along -The lights along the bridge went out.

-There are candles along the hall

Around -She lived here around 1960

-They talked around two hours

At -I was at home

-We will be at the beach

Before -The police station is before the yard

-They will get married before a judge

Between -The child will be between you and me

-The cat was between two dogs

For -This big gift is for you

-He came home for Christmas

From -She is from Peru

-I study from 7 to 2

Like -They play like horses

-She laughed like her dad

Over -I hit the ball over the last net

-The helicopter was over our heads

Trough -We passed trough a dark tunnel

-They explain the topic trough a poster

Up -My grandmother lived up the mountains


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-I Tried to climb up the high rock

With -She danced with Aaron

-Albert was chatting with June

PHRASAL VERBS

Phrasal verbs are part of a large group of verbs called "multi-word verbs". A multi-word verb is a verb like

"pick up", "turn on" or "get on with". These verbs consist of a basic verb + another word or words.

Examples:

(to) fall about: troncharse, partirse (de risa).

(to) fall apart: romperse, deshacerse, caerse a pedazos.

(to) fall away: disminuir/desaparecer/desprenderse.

(to) fall back: retroceder, retirarse.

(to) fall back on to: recurrir a, echar mano de, apoyarse en.

(to) fall behind: retrasarse, quedarse atrs, rezagarse.

(to) fall behind with: retrasarse.

(to) fall down: caer, caerse/ hundirse, derrumbarse, venirse abajo/fallar/ dejarse engaar por, picar.

(to) fall in love: enamorarse de.

(to) fall in: desplomarse, venirse abajo/ alinearse, formar filas, ponerse en filas.

(to) fall in with: encontrarse con, juntarse con/convenir en, aprobar, aceptar

(to) fall into: dividirse en, clasificarse en/ adquirir.

(to) fall off: bajar, disminuir/ empeorar/ desprenderse, caerse.

(to) fall on: incidir en, recaer en, tocar a/atacar, caer sobre.(to) fall out: reir/ pelearse /romper filas/ caerse.

(to) fall over: caer, tropezar con/ caerse

(to) fall through: fracasar, quedar en nada.

(to) fall to: empezar a, ponerse a/ corresponder a, incumbir a, tocar a.

(to) fall under: clasificarse en, estar incluido,-a en.

SCIENCE

Surgeries

Surgery (Latin:chirurgiae, meaning "hand work") is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and

instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or

injury, to help improve bodily function or appearance, or sometimes for some other reason.

Types of surgery

Surgical procedures are commonly categorized by urgency, type of procedure, body system involved,

degree of invasiveness, and special instrumentation.
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Elective surgery is done to correct a non-life-threatening condition, and is carried out at the patient's

request, subject to the surgeon's and the surgical facility's availability. Emergency surgery is surgery which

must be done quickly to save life, limb, or functional capacity. Exploratory surgery is performed to aid or

confirm a diagnosis. Therapeutic surgery treats a previously diagnosed condition.

Amputation involves cutting off a body part, usually a limb or digit. Replantation involves reattaching a

severed body part. Reconstructive surgery involves reconstruction of an injured, mutilated, or deformed

part of the body.

Cosmetic surgery is done to improve the appearance of an otherwise normal structure. Excision is the

cutting out of an organ, tissue, or other body part from the patient.

Transplant surgery is the replacement of an organ or body part by insertion of another from different human

(or animal) into the patient. Removing an organ or body part from a live human or animal for use in

transplant is also a type of surgery.

Terminology

Prefixes

Angio-: related to blodd vessels

Arthr-: related a joint

Colpo-: related to the vagina

Encephal-: related to the brain Hepat-: related to the liver

hyster-: related to the uterus

lapar-: related to the abdominal cavity

lobo-: related to a lobe (brain or lungs)

mammo- and masto-: related to the breast

myo-: related to the muscle tissue

nephro-: related to the kidney

oophor-: related to the ovary

orchid-: related to the testicle

splene-: related to the spleen

vas-: related to the vas deferens

Suffixes

Excision surgery names often start with a name for the organ to be excised (cut out) and end in -

ectomy.

Procedures involving cutting into an organ or tissue end in -otomy. A surgical procedure cutting

through the abdominal wall to gain access to the abdominal cavity is a laparotomy.
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Minimally invasive procedures involving small incisions through which an endoscope is inserted end

in -oscopy. For example, such surgery in the abdominal cavity is called laparoscopy.

Procedures for formation of a permanent or semi-permanent opening called a stoma in the body

end in -ostomy.

Reconstruction, plastic or cosmetic surgery of a body part starts with a name for the body part to be

reconstructed and ends in -oplasty. Rhino is used as a prefix for "nose", so rhinoplasty is basically

reconstructive or cosmetic surgery for the nose.

Reparation of damaged or congenital abnormal structure ends in -rraphy. Herniorraphy is the

reparation of a hernia, while perineorraphy is the reparation of perineum.

SOCIAL

The United States of America (commonly referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America)

is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated

mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital

district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the

south.

George Walker Bush was born July 6, 1946 the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009 and

the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000.

Bush is the eldest son of George H. W. Bush (the 41st President) and Barbara Bush, making him one ofonly two American presidents to be the son of a preceding president. After graduating from Yale University

in 1968, and Harvard Business School in 1975, Bush worked in his family's oil businesses.
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George Walker Bush

George Walker Bush was born July 6, 1946 the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009 and

the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000.

Bush is the eldest son of George H. W. Bush (the 41st President) and Barbara Bush, making him one of

only two American presidents to be the son of a preceding president.

OSAMA BIN LADEN

Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden was born on 10 March 1957 is a member of the prominent

Saudi bin Laden family and the alleged founding leader of the organization al-Qaeda.

Bin Laden is on the American Federal Bureau of Investigation's list of FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives for

his possible involvement with the circa 1998 bombings of the United States Embassies in Dares Salaam,

Tanzania, and Nairobi, Kenya.

Osama told about the 9/11 attacks

God knows it did not cross our minds to attack the towers but after the situation became unbearable and

we witnessed the injustice and tyranny of the American-Israeli alliance against our people in Palestine and

Lebanon, I thought about it. And the events that affected me directly were that of 1982 and the events that

followed - when America allowed the Israelis to invade Lebanon, helped by the US sixth fleet.

In those difficult moments many emotions came over me which are hard to describe, but which produced

an overwhelming feeling to reject injustice and a strong determination to punish the unjust.

As I watched the destroyed towers in Lebanon, it occurred to me punish the unjust the same way [and] to

destroy towers in America so it could taste some of what we are tasting and to stop killing our children and

women

SEPTEMBER 11 ATTACKS
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The September 11 attacks (often referred to as September 11th or 9/11) were a series of coordinated

suicide attacks by al-Qaeda upon the United States on September 11, 2001. On that morning, 19 al-Qaeda

terrorists hijacked four commercial passenger jet airliners.

The hijackers intentionally crashed two of the airliners into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in

New York City, killing everyone on board and many others working in the buildings. Both buildings

collapsed within two hours, destroying nearby buildings and damaging others.
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10th. synthesis term ii

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