10atie_wimax 4g or never

7/31/2019 10atie_wimax 4g or Never

1/20

page WiMAX TopicBeyondSpot Proprietary1

April. 2005

WiMAX: 4G or Never ?

BeyondSpot Technology


2/20


Highlight

What is WiMAX? (or Mobile WiMAX more precisely) WiMAX is a marketing term, a certification body, or an industry ad-hoc

forum to complete IEEE 802.16 standard (marketing, regulatory,interoperability, test, certification, and high level protocol)

IEEE 802.16 also known as BWA or WirelessMAN

WiFi IEEE 802.11 (WirelessLAN) = WiMAX IEEE 802.16

Why chose such topic? mobility extension started in late 2002

WiMAX is recognized as one of the newcompetitions to CDMA based 3G

Other competitions are proprietary

technologies, WiFi, Mesh, or IEEE 802.20

Can WiMAX be 4G or Never? OFDM/OFDMA based broadband mobile is

recognized as 4G (beyond 3G)

This presentation shares our story

CDMA? OFDM?


3/20


Drivers from Two Worlds

Broadband Access is a merging process Legacy Cellular, led by 3GPP and 3GPP2, extends bandwidth to support

broadband data services, especially in IP format.

Fixed Wireless, led by IEEE, enhances techniques to support mobility.

3GPP (UMTS/WCDMA) and 3GPP2(CDMA2000) started from ITU IMT-2000.

Internet

Data

1998 2010

Cellular

200 MillionUsers

300 MillionSubscriber

1 BillionUsers

BroadbandMobile

Access

1 BillionSubscriber

MarketSize


4/20


Migration of WiMAX

Data Rate

Mobility

Fixed WiMAXIEEE 802.16d2005

Mobile WiMAXIEEE 802.16e2007?

SOCAvailable

StandardMaturing

Portable WiMAX

Nomadic WiMAXIEEE 802.16d/e2006?

StandardMaturing


5/20


802.16e Compatibility with 16d

Convergence Sub Layer

MAC Layer

PHY Layer

Security/Privacy

Key, AES, EAPHandoff

BandwidthManagement

ConnectionManagement

Power Mgnt

Sleep/Idle

IPPacket

ClassifierEthernet ATMHeader

Suppression

ARQ

PDUGeneration

PDUReassembly

Net Entry

PHY Burst

Scheduling

SC10-66GHz

SCa2-11GHz

OFDM2-11GHz 256FFT

OFDMA2-11GHz 2048FFT

OFDMA 2-11GHz (PAR


6/20


Players in WiMAX Forum

WiMAX SOC/System Pairs (examples) Intel Proxim, Alvarion, ZTE, Alcatel,

Fujitsu WiLAN, Aperto

Wavesat ATMEL

LG Nortel and more

WiMAX Forum has >200 members

Marketing, technical, interoperability andspectrum

And a lot more..

IEEE802.16 2004 and TGeAir Interface standard

Alliance

Portable/MobileFixed/Nomadic
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.nomad-village.it/Image_articoli/logo_Wimax.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.nomad-village.it/testo_completo.asp%3FIDARTICOLO%3D497&h=71&w=100&sz=3&tbnid=f4UpZPHO0XUJ:&tbnh=54&tbnw=76&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwimax%2Blogo%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26safe%3Doffhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.net4nowt.com/uploaded_images/main_images/wifi.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.net4nowt.com/isp_news/news_article.asp%3FNews_ID%3D1316&h=180&w=300&sz=7&tbnid=jbrf7mBnb3YJ:&tbnh=66&tbnw=110&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwifi%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26safe%3Doffhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.ieee802.org/3/interims/ieee802.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.ieee802.org/3/interims/vancouver_03.html&h=359&w=346&sz=9&tbnid=YSUqc5xZkhEJ:&tbnh=116&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dieee802%2Blogo%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26safe%3Doff


7/20page WiMAX TopicBeyondSpot Proprietary7

A Million Dollar Question

Can WiMAX (16e) be the broadband candidate after 3G? WiMAX brings higher throughput and longer range, it is a growing threat to

the deployment of 3G and the promised ROI in every 3G business model

or just an idea that sounds great but never comes true? WiMAX inherits issues of 3G and has even more challenges in spectrum, the

following presentation provides a balanced view



Advantages in Multipath

OFDMA carries advantages in Multipath CDMA uses the whole spectrum, wasting system resource to combat

frequency selective fading.

CDMA also creates worse interference problem

OFDMA only select subcarriers with less channel degradation, preventwasting system resource (power or throughput ) => achieving higher system

capacity.

Signal Sent

Signal Received

Multipath



Spectral Efficiency Wins

2.5G TDMA: Verylimited data rate andlow spectral efficiency(1.0-1.5 bps/Hz)

500kHz 5MHz

3G WCDMA: Reasonabledata rate, range, andmobility, improvedspectral efficiency(1.5-2.5 bps/Hz)

WiFi: OFDM 64FFT,Reasonable data rate,limited range andmobility, improvedspectral efficiency(2-3 bps/Hz)

WiMAX:OFDMA, Up to2048FFT muchimproved range andmobility, potential forbest spectralefficiency (3-4 bps/Hz)

15 MHz 20 MHz

Spectrum efficiency is an important factor for data service The scarce of available (or useful) spectrum makes efficiency a key

factor to approve spectrum and the success of business model.

Regulatory bodies shall recycle spectrum for existing systems with lowspectral efficiency.

Future systems with high spectrum re-use advantages or higher

spectral efficiency shall have favored allocation during application.



Global Harmonization

WiMAX has global harmonization WiMAX forum pushes harmonization between IEEE and ETSI; there is only

one WiMAX standard (ETSI has not fully adopted Mobile WiMAX yet)

WiMAX share one MAC for all, fixed, portable, and mobile

3G breaks into WCDMA (3GPP), CDMA2000 (3GPP2), and more

Among WCDMA, venders has their own proprietary modes. China has TDS-CDMA, US has UWC-136, and Japan has DoCoMo 3G

CDMA2000WCDMA



Local Optimization is Better

802.11 covers indoor users

802.16d covers fixed outdoor

802.16e covers moving vehiclesWiMAX

WiFi

Future terminal can handover among multiple standards Thanks to high integration of silicon, dual-/tri- mode terminals are practical.

Each standard is optimized for a specific environment, saving resource.

Avoid sacrificing power to support indoor users.



VoIP Changes Telecomm

VoIP changes everything ! The growing popularity of VoIP triggers the demand for IP based access

and changes the landscape of telecomm

3G products are compatible with traditional circuit based PSTN andPSMN, while 4G may only need to support VoIP with gateway andgatekeeper separately purchased

IP BasedVoice Network

Circuit BasedVoice Network(PSTN)

VoIP ToPSTN

Gateway

POTS Phones Cellular Phones

Circuit BasedCellular Network(PSMN)

VoIP toPSMNGateway

PC to Phones

POTSPhones

VoIPTerminal

VoIPFixed

Phones

CircuitbasedConnections

VoIPMobile

Phones

IP BasedVoice Network

Circuit BasedVoice Network(PSTN)

VoIP ToPSTN

Gateway

POTS Phones Cellular Phones

Circuit BasedCellular Network(PSMN)

VoIP toPSMNGateway

PC to Phones

POTSPhones

VoIPTerminal

VoIPFixed

Phones

CircuitbasedConnections

VoIPMobile

Phones



Regulatory Difficulty

VoIP over WiMAX has no obligation to secure QoS From architecture point of View VoIP challenges Traditional Telecom

Regulatory Model. Is it an application or a telecomm service?

When voice is no longer consider as telecommunication service, it is notbounded for availability, emergency service (911), or voice quality of service

It is a pure low cost application, not a telecom service

VoIP Can NotAddress: 99.999% availability

The high quality ofvoice support as 3G

The same level ofrobustness ascircuit

The same level ofQoS as circuit Transport

Voice Voice

Voice

Transport

Transport

TCP/IP TCP/IP

ApplicationApplication



Power and RF Constraint

Battery Life Challenge WiMAX standard was targeted to long range (high power), fixed (non-

battery based), or portability (recharged daily), not mobility.

Higher data rate demands higher power transmission; batterytechnology show difficulty to catch up with the such demand.

Power consumption of WiMAX device could be a major problem.

802.16s Effort inPower/RF

Power-Saving modeand Scalable OFDMAare added to 802.16e

But higher FFT hasmore severe PAPR(peak to averagepower ratio)

Challenge the RFdesign for WiMAX

Guard Interval IFFT Symbol Duration Time

OFDM Symbol PowerPeak Power

Average Power



Hi Layer Protocol Integration

High Layer mobility is a challenge IEEE 802.16 by its mandate (PAR) only defines protocol stacks in the

PHY and MAC layer, 802.16e defines mobility support for MAC and PHYonly

Lack of network layer mobility completion

WiMAX Forum is supposed to cover network mobility, but

WiMAX forum has weak experience in end-to-end protocol stackdevelopment WiMAX is a pure industry ad-hoc group, like WiFi, which may not be the

appropriate place to deal with Network Mobility standards Integration with legacy network requires support from the carriers

3G MAC/PHYWiMAX/3G Dual MAC/PHYWiMAX MAC/PHY

3G Based NetworkWiMAX Based Network

APPLICATION



Market & Time Competition

Marketing Hype

Disappointment

Rebuild Business Model

Steady Growth

Market takes time! Markets takes time to mature;

most new services will follow theletter N curve as below

Fixed WiMAX technology is farfrom mass adoption, mobile

WiMAX would take even longer

WiMAX has risks too! Mobile WiMAX market is squeezed by

both 3G, Flash OFDM, and WiFi.

802.11e, 11r, and 11n are enhancingQoS, handover, and throughput.

HSDPA (of 3G) shorten the gap with

WiMAX in throughput. Flash OFDM (by Flarion) has

demonstrated end-to-end solution.

WiMAX Marketing Guy



Global Spectrum Availability

Lack of Spectrum most licensed spectrum for broadband are either for fix services or for 3G;

hard to use license-exempt band to provide QoS guarantee mobile services

WiMAX Forum is working on regulatory drawbacks, but progress is slow

2.4 - 2.485 GHz (WLAN, Indoor Only) 3.5GHz (WLL) License bands

5.4 - 5.725 GHz (RLAN, Europe) 2.5-2.6GHz MDS, MMDS License bands )

5.725 - 5.825 GHz (U-NII) or5.725-5.850 GHz (ISM)

5.25 - 5.35 GHz (U-NII,

Outdoor/Indoor)



Back to Square One

Recent Trend in IEEE Standard Body More members notice the challenge of WiMAX for 4G, and recognize the

value to demonstrate success of WiMAX first in Fix services, shown below.

Progress in maintenance group is slow

Worst case, WiMAX is back to square one (day one) as a pure fix standard!



BeyondSpot White Papers

BeyondSpot Offers White Papers for Selected Customers Fixed wireless based WiMAX and QoS

Please find me to exchange business cards


20/20page WiMAX TopicB dS t P i t20

Conclusions

Most information on WiMAXcomes from press releases or thecampaign of WiMAX forum, notbalanced.

It is equally important to seethrough the marketing smoke andunderstand the real challenges.

We provide view points from bothends;

Almost equal weight in YES andNO to become 4G by (Mobile)WiMAX.

Service providers should notmake investment decisionwithout knowing the risks;

But can not afford not to knowabout WiMAX.

WiMAX is a worthwatching topic !

Opportunity ofWiMAX for 4G

10atie_wimax 4g or never

Documents