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Circuit breaker testing – New Approach

Thomas Renaudin

SEEEI conference

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© OMICRON

Circuit Breaker Testing

> Circuit Breakers – Design and standards

Tests on Circuit Breakers

CIBANO 500

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© OMICRON

Basically a circuit breaker is an automatically

operated electrical switch designed to protect an

electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or

short circuit. ts basic function is to immediately

discontinue electrical flow.

Definition of Circuit Breaker

deal switch!

closed open

" # $ % " # &%

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'urpose of Circuit Breakers in 'ower (ystems

> )inimi*e losses in closed position

> +pen and close on command

>+pen or close a circuit to connect

the power to,from the transmission

line-+ break/ C make0

>+pen a circuit for planned

maintenance -+ break0

>+pen a circuit at system fault to

protect the system behind the

circuit breaker -+ break/ +C

reclose/ +C+/ autoreclose0

>solate between poles/ open

contacts and earth

1

Busbar

isconnector

Circuit Breaker

Po!er

Trans"or#er

1 Circuit Breaker

Net!ork

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Circuit Breaker Components

$ource% ABB& 'R($0)*

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A% interru,ter c-a#ber

B% insu.ate/ su,,ort co.u#nC% su,,ort structure

% centra. cubica.

% !iring

1% o,erating #ec-anis#

$ource% $ie#ens

Circuit Breaker Components

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(tandards – AN(

> C3)04

> $tan/ar/ ratings /e"ine/

> C3)0+2000

> $c-e/u.e o" ,re"erre/ ratings

> C3)0

> T6,e tests

> Routine tests

> C3)07& C3)072&I +3

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(tandards – 2C

> IC +22)00& 200> T6,e& routine 8 "ie./ tests

> Ti#ing /e"initions

> 9ui/e "or se.ection an/s,eci"ication

> IC +0+4& 200

> Nor#a. ser:icecon/itions

> $c-e/u.e o" ,re"erre/ratings

> A.titu/e correction

> IC +042)& IC +075&IC +052& IC +++&IC +233

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2C timing definition

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Circuit Breakers ; esign an/ stan/ar/s

> Tests on Circuit Breakers

CIBANO 500

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3hat is usually needed to test breakers

Ti#ing

Ana.6<er = Meter CB $u,,.6

> Re!iring "or eac- test> In/i:i/ua. =Measure#ent "or eac- interru,ter > Co..ect /ata "or test re,ort

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4. )inimum pickup test

5. (tatic resistance or contact resistance test -6+hm0

7. Timing of main and au1iliary contacts

a. different operations -+/ C/ +C/ C+/ +C+/ C+C+/ +C+C+/...0b. undervoltage test

c. coil currents

8. )otor current

9. Contact travel -motion0 of main contacts

:. Dynamic contact resistance -D")0

Typical tests on circuit breakers

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4. )inimum 'ickup Test

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4. )inimum 'ickup Test

> ndicates the lowest voltage to operate the trip or

close coil

> (tart at a certain voltage level

> Try to operate

> f not working increase voltage and try again

> "amp the voltage pulse until minimum voltage is

reached with which the circuit breaker switches> 2verybody has a ;selfmade< solution for this test

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5. Contact "esistance Test

Con:entiona. $etu,

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5. Contact "esistance Test

> Test is performed with a 6+hm)eter

> A lot of different test devices on the market -weight/

handling/ output current and accuracy0

> n=ect a high current

> )easurement of a small voltage in a noisy

environment

> >se 8wire techni?ue to connect

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7a. Timing Test

> Connect to all main contacts

> Connect to trip @ close coil

> oltage supply re?uired

Ti#econsu#ing an/

error,rone

Con:entiona. $etu,

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7a. Timing Test )easured alues

O,en Ti#e& C.ose Ti#e& Contact $,rea/& P-ase $,rea/& Tri,1ree Ti#e& Rec.ose Ti#e

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7b. Timing undervoltage condition

> Coils are normally driven by station battery> 3hat happens if battery condition is not the best

> 'erform a test with reduced supply voltage -e.g. $

0

> Check times for under voltage> does it work anyhow> are there any delays compared to nominal voltage

> )easure the overall times and compare to

manufacturer values

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7c. Coil Current

> mportant tool in circuit breaker analysis> Detect potential problems in actuating coils

> "eveal information on power supply

> Comparison is best method of analysis

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8. )otor Current

> Connect source

to charging motor

or use current

clamp

> Check charging

times and

charging currents

> Compare withprevious

measurements

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9. Contact Travel Travel )easurement to find out!

> )echanical defects of the cinematic chain> +verall mechanical performance

> (low operation due to =ammed mechanism

> Deterioration of mechanical damping

> Contact wear > Arcing contact length -in combination with D")0

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:. Dynamic "esistance )easurement -D")0

> "ecording the contact resistance during breaker

operation -resistance over time0

> Combination of contact resistance/ timing and

travel measurements

4.n=ect high current

5.(tart recording A @

7.+perate Circuit Breaker

8.Calculate "esistance

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:. Dynamic "esistance )easurement -D")0

(se RM to "in/ out

> Prob.e#s !it- contact "ingers

> ?ubrication ,rob.e#s

> T-e arcing contact .engt-

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Page 2+

:. D") Diagnosis! arcing contact length

Page 2+© OMICRON

#otion

/6na#ic resistance

coi. current

arcing contact .engt-

#ain contact

#s

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Conventional (etup for Circuit Breaker Testing

> "ewiring between micro

ohm measurement and

timing tests

> Eots of cables

> Timeconsuming and

errorprone

> Eong test cables create

inductive loops which

catch interferences

> 21ternal supply or

station battery re?uired

Mircoo-# #easure#ent

Ti#ing Tests

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CBAN+ 9$$ – 7in4 Test (ystem

> Timing analy*er > 'ossible operations! +/ C/ C+/ +C/ +C+/ C+C+/ +C+C+> )otion measurement is possible in parrallel

> )icroohm meter > (tatic AND dynamic contact resistance test

> 'owerful coil and motor stabili*ed supply> Coil,motor current analysis> >ndervoltage condition test> )inimum pickup test> Tests are possible without station battery

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CBAN+ 9$$ – one system for all types of breakers

> )ediumvoltage circuit breakers

> Fighvoltage circuit breakers -Eive Tank0

> Fighvoltage circuit breakers -Dead Tank0

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)odular concept for simplified testing –

)ain Contact )odule CB )C5

> 5 highcurrent outputs and 5 sensitive voltage

measurement channels

> Geeps highcurrent cables as short as possible> minimi*ing the weight of the necessary cables

> A digiti*ed measuring signal is produced directly

at the interrupter keeping analog cables as short

as possible> very low noise interference

> +nly one connection cable to the main unit> fast setup and reduced risk of wiring errors

> Both sides grounded test possible

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)odular concept for simplified testing –

Transducer Node CB TN7

> Accessory for motion,contact travel test

> 7 analog and digital channels for data

ac?uisition of linear or rotational motion

sensors

> nterferencefree digital transmission of

results via one cable

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'owerful software support

> 'rimary Test )anager software supports all tests

> +ne combined test report for all tests

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Benefits of allinone +)C"+N approach

> 7in4 system combines!> timing analy*er > microohmmeter > powerful AC,DC supply

> +ne wiring for all test! allinone , allinonce

> +ne system for medium and highvoltage circuit

breakers

> mmunity to interference due to short test cables

> +ne combined report for all tests

> Eightweight test system for onsite testing -5$ kg , 88.4

lbs0

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