A developers perspective: “Best practice H&S within

an evolving offshore environment”

Dr Ing Keith Harsham

SHEQ Manager

Content

1. Legislation

2. Risk management

3. Safety standards

4. Far shore working

5. Behaviours

1. Legislation • 2001( Application outside Great Britain) Order (AOGBO) extends Health and Safety

at Work etc. Act 1974 (HSWA) to specific work activities in specified areas.

• Wind and wave farms in Great Britain's territorial seas are within the scope of the

2001 AOGBO, not those in a Renewable Energy Zone (REZ).

• 2009 fills two legislative gaps by extending the scope of the 2001 AOGBO to: energy

structure (including wind farms) and other related structure activities within a REZ

• Construction Design Management Regulations 2007(CDM) only applies in territorial

seas and not in REZ

• 2009 order runs out in April 2011. HSE to implement follow on order. Include CDM?

• CDM

– It’s exists but does it help?

– On balance( come back to) probably yes but what if we properly applied the

requirements of;

– Health and Safety at Work Act 1974( + amendments + Regs)

– Merchant Shipping Act 1995 ( + amendments + Regs )

– Is it needed?

1. Legislation The key aims of CDM are to:

a) Integrate Health and Safety into the

management of the project

b) to encourage everyone involved to work

together

c) to improve the planning from the very

start

d) identify hazards early on, so that they can

be eliminated or reduced at the design or

planning stage, and the remaining risks

can be properly managed

e) target effort where it can do the most

good in terms of Health and Safety

f) H&S Plan and File

REZ = Continental shelf – Territorial waters

2. Risk Assessment & Method Statements(RAMS)

A) Risk Assessment

• Difference between Hazard and Risk

– Hazard x Probability = Risk

– “Something” can occur x “chance” it will

– Eg Crane chain snap x probability it will happen

– Industry actually short on factors

• Need to be rigourous;

– Issue, observation, Hazid, Consequences, Severity, Probability,

Initail rating, actions/controls, Severity, Probability, residual risk,

SPA, close out date

2. Risk Assessment – Quantitative v Qualitative • HSE COMAH risk matrix

Pro

babili

ty

Severity

Severity Probability

1 Injury not requiring first aid 1 Rare – may occur in exceptional circumstances

2 First aid required 2 Unlikely – not likely to occur in normal circumstances

3 Hospital visit required 3 Possible - could occur at any time

4 Serious injury requiring hospitalisation 4 Likely - probably occur in most circumstances

5 Permanent disability or death 5 Almost Certain - expected to occur in most circumstances

2. Risk Registers • Types

– Project wide eg financial, H&S, E, Political, Community

– Design eg civils, mechanical, electrical, H&S, Environmental

– Job specific eg bird, mammal survey

• Reflect risks from activities;

– Lifting ( Lifting operations & lifting equipment(LOLER)Regs)

– Equipment ( Provision and Use of Work Equipment(PUWER)

Regs)

– Manual handling ( Regs)

– Vessels ( Vessel certification – OVID, CMID, suitability audits)

– Navigation & Docks ( Docks(safety) Regs)

– Management and Workplace Regs

2. Method statement /procedure(s)

• Needs to pick up actions/controls

• Organisation

• Management

• Welfare Provision

• Briefing

• Competency

• Emergency response etc

Critical document!

2. RAMS

• Not enough

• Industry has seen 3 fatalities and numerous LTIs

– No reliable database or institutional oversight

– Optimistic this will change

– Reporting in general is less than rigorous. Ie stats do not show

near misses, hazard ID are no where near the recognised ratio

• Analysis shows;

– Supervision less than it

should be

– Complacency

– Competency being stretched (KEA)

Serious/ Disabling Injury

Minor Injuries

Property Damages

Near Misses

Accident ratio study,

after Bird

1

10

30

600

2. Hazards and Risks

• Port/Harbour

• Transfers

– To and from P2W

– To and from P2P

GRID

Substation

B

A

C

Port/

Harbour

From other

Ports/

Harbours

Ports/

Harbour –

Wind FarmWINDFARMS

•Windfarm

•Cable route

•Foreshore and Land

•Development

•Non-intrusive

•Bird, mammal

•Geotech

•Core sampling

•Construction

•Met masts

•Civils

•Turbines

•Commissioning

•O&M

•Decommissioning

2. Hazards & Risks Activities associated with risks

• Ports and harbours;

• Transportation to and from;

• Fabrication, assembly, testing;

• Surveys (birds, mammals, UXO, geophysical, geotechnical);

• Land Grid connection and substation;

• Cable runs from shore to substations, and wind farms;

• Pre-construction; workshops, assembly, testing, lifting;

• Construction; transportation, lifting, operating and maintenance multiple projects or

cascading projects in different phases of development but all requiring safe use of

the area;

• Multiple contractors;

• Projects at different phases eg construction, commissioning, operation,

decommissioning;

• Other users of the area; fishing, leisure, shipping;

• Multiple regulators; MCA, HSE; and

• Multi-national workforces, languages, processes, culture, behaviours, and standards

2. Hazards and Risks - visual

2. Risk - Offshore H&S Management •CDM can provide a useful framework to control activities.

•Client, Designer(s), PC, CDM co-ordinator roles and

responsibilities in a project.

•Communication, management and review requirements

•H&S File, and Plan.

•On land these regulations work well but have been applied in only

a handful of projects offshore so lessons learnt are at an early

stage.

Eg Consortium, JV,

Proximity v Company set up

3. Standards, guidelines etc • OHSAS 18001 – H&S Management System

• RUK; Health and Safety Guidelines

• HSE’s , HSG65 - Successful H&S management

• Less than 24m vessels – MCA Code practice – yellow book

• ISM – International Safety Management - >500GRT

• RUK; Health and Safety Guidelines for the Marine Energy Industry

• MOU HSE, and MCA and MAIB. For health and safety enforcement

activities etc at the water margin and offshore

• BS EN 50308 -Wind turbines – Protective measures –

Requirements for design, operation and maintenance

• IMCA - updates Common Marine Inspection or OCI MF - OVID

suitability vessel auditing/assurance

• MCA’s MGN 371 traffic survey and marine risk assessment as part

of the application procedure for renewable energy site development

• HSE’s HSG 177 – Managing H&S in docks

3. Standards - Safety case? H&S governance?

ASPECT OIL & GAS OFFSHORE WINDFARM

1.Vessel Impact Structure failure, Passing ships Similar

2.Loss of Structural Integrity Steel, concrete structures, corrosion,

marine growth, Scour, Design

Similar

3.Loss of Marine Integrity - Stability Jack-ups, semi-submersible N/A

4.Loss of Marine Integrity - Position Mooring, Only in deeper waters

5.Loss of Containment Process fluids, oil, erosion, corrosion,

relief s

Hydraulic , transformer fluid(

less inventory)

6.Loss of Containment pipelines Pipelines, risers, subsea valves, pig traps N/A

7.Loss of Containment - Fire and

explosion

Ignition probability, explosions, Fire

fighting systems

N/A

8.Wells Explosives, radioactivity, High temp fluids,

pressure

N/A

9.Diving Failure of life support sys, diving bell,

detachment

Similar

10.Helicopter Crash Day to day, search and rescue, MOD

exercise

Similar

11.Non Process Fires and

explosions

Accommodation, electrical, cellulosic Similar

12.Emergency Response Management,Alarms, rescue, comms, TR Similar

13. Human Factors Management, Error, design, PTW,

Competency

Similar

14. Project co-ordination Arrangements for contractors, client etc Windfarm, cabling, onshore

grid and harbour/ports

Actually could call it a Health and Safety Plan or include as part of?

Nacelle fires

4. Far shore working

• Issues ( exaggerated and stretched)

– Weather ( rapid change, windows, shelters) – OGP network

– Emergency response ( speed of, First aid provision)

– Equipment ( reliability, fit for offshore environment, spares)

– O&M ( tracking, access, communication, delivery )

– Vessels ( suit environment, set up to cope with long spells)

– Helicopters ( range, refuelling, reliability, ash cloud proof)

– Training ( survival, first aid, transfers; S2V, V2V, V2WM)

– Competency ( Knowledge, experience, ability)

– Greater need for Management

ARE WE EQUIPPED?

5. Behaviours - To summarise

• Compliance with;

– Regs, guidance

– Work with regulators

– Have accredited( or as good as) Management System

– Complete RAMS

– Strategy for far shore

– Health and Safety Plan etc but still

ACCIDENTS WILL STILL HAPPEN

• Largely passive techniques eg LTI, MTC, FAC.

• Need to also use active approaches to influence

Behaviours and Culture

5. Behavioural H&S (DuPont Proverbs)

“You get the level of safety that you demonstrate you want.”

“All injuries can be prevented”

Active measures;

• Clear commitment from directors

• Senior management physical presence – Site walk throughs

• Open blame free culture with anonymous reporting

• Healthy interaction between employees and management

• Coaching environment

• etc

THANK YOU