Pages 175-194

No. 2748August 29, 1947

zence

Locations of medical and scientific institutions using radioisotopes are indicated on map of United States beingexamined by P. C. Aebersold, chief, Isotopes Branch, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission; N. W. Woodruff, ofthe Commission; J. A. Cox, Clinton Laboratories; and E. J. Murphy, assistant research director, Clinton Labo-ratories (left to right).

'~~~~~ew.A t tN

The Isotope Distribution ProgramOF3EihtE U. S. Atomic Energy Commission

Vol. 106

Photo Courtesy Sensitive Research Instrument Co., AMt. Vernon, N. Y

STANDARDS FOR INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION

L,& N Type K2 Po-tentiometer andstandard resistanceslike the one shownat left are bothpermanently con-nected to the testcabinet shown above,for quick and ac-curate checks of po-tential and current.

The Type K2 Potentiometer and the NBS Resistor shown here aretwo among many L&N instruments ideal for production calibrating.Their high accuracy and dependability, and their convenience, can helpto make even precision testing a matter of routine.

These advantages help to explain why Sensitive Research InstrumentCo. purchased L&N instruments for three identical test sets, built atapproximately one year intervals and used for calibrating lab standardinstruments, precise electrostatic voltmeters and other specialties.

The NBS Resistor has a limit of error of ±0.01 per cent up to 0.1watt; +0.04 per cent up to 1 watt. The combination of Type K Poten-tiometer and accessory shunt or volt box has an overall limit of error ofonly 0.05%. These limits of error apply under normal conditions of usefor one year after date of shipment. For further details, ask for specificcatalogs, or for Catalog E.

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Child Development.... . . and its scientific study have assumed greaterand greater importance as the world in whichthe child must mature has grown more andmore complex. These SAUNDERS BOOKS arerecognized as leading textbooks in the field, andalso may be highly recommended to parents andto others concerned with the mental and physi-cal growth of children.

Breckenridge & Vincent's CHILD DEVELOPMENT

This book was written in full understanding of the fact that most college studentswill (or have already) become parents, and hence must have a sound understanding ofchild psychology if they are to be completely educated.

The authors have concentrated their material on the development of the child fromage 5 through adolescence. To give, however, an understanding of behavior patternswhich precede these years, roots are traced all the way back to the pre-natal period.Factors of physical growth and their importance in psychological development aredescribed with unique thoroughness. The book is designed for a one-semester course.

By MARIAN E. BRECKENRIDGE, M. S., Nutritionist, Merrill-Palmer School, Detroit; and E. LEEVINCENT, Ph.D., Dean, College of Home Economics, Cornell University. 592 pages, 5411 x 8Y",illustrated. $3.25.

Rand, Sweeny, Vincent on THE YOUNG CHILD

Fourth Edition. From every angle, a truly practical textbook. Of great importanceis the detailed discussion of the interrelatedness of intellectual, emotional, social andphysical development of the young child. The various phases of learning are fullycovered, and the residual impact of war on the child is indicated in appropriate places.The new self-demand schedule for infant feeding is adequately covered.

By WINIFRED RAND, A.B., R.N., Formerly Coordinator of Parent Services; MARY E. SWEENY, A.M.,M.S., formerly Assistant Director; the Merrill-Palmer School, Detroit; and E. LEE VINCENT, Ph.D.Dean, College of Home Economics, Cornell University. 481 pages, 5Y32" x 7Y2", illustrated. $3.00

..Published byW. B. SAUNDERS COMPANY

West Washington SquarePhiladelphia 5

1

Acting Editor Business Manager

Publications Committee

Roger Adam., John L Flynn, Kirtley F. Mather,

Walter R. Miles, W. J. Robbins, Malcolm H. Soule

czence

No. 2748 Friday, August 29. 1947

CONTENTS

The Isotope Distribution Program: Isotopes Branch, UT. S. AtomicEnergy Commission...................................... 175

Suggested Principles of "Social Physics": John Q. Stewart ....... 179

Association Affairs...................................... 181

News and Notes ........................................... 183

Technical PapersCalcium and Growth in Aging and Cancer: Albert I. Lansing ..................... 187

Coproantibody Excretion During Enteric Infections:Preston E. Harrison and Janet Banvard.................................. 188

Atherosclerosis and Alimentary Hyperlipemia: John R. Moreton ................... 190

In the LaboratoryPenicillin Types Produced by P. Chrysogenum Q-176:

Walter A. Winsten and Arthur H. Spark .................................... 192

Use of Trisodium Phosphate in Microscopical Technic:Harley J. Van Cleave and Jean A. Ross ..................................... 194

(Cover photo by Fred R. Williams, Monsanto Chemical Company.)

Science, a weekly journal, is published each Friday by the AmericanAssociation for the Advancement of Science at Mt. Royal & GuilfordAvenues, Baltimore 2, Maryland. Founded in 1880, it hs been since1900 the official publication of the AAAS. Editorial, Advertising, andCirculation Offices, 1515 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington 5,

D. C. Telephone, EXecutive 6060 or 6061. Cable address SCIMAG,Washington, D. C. Entered as second-class matter January 17,1947, atthe postoffice at Baltimore, Maryland, under the act of March 3, 1879.

Articles offered for publication should be sent to the Editor, 1516Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington 5, D. C. Membership cor-

respondence for the AAAS should be sent to the AdministrativeSecretary, 1515 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington 5, D. C.Annual subscription, $7.50; single copies, $.25; foreign postage (out-

side the Pan-American Union), $1.00 extra; Canadian postage, $.50 extra.

Remittances and orders for subscriptions and single copies, and noticesof changes of address should be sent to the Circulation Department.Claims for miming numbers will not be allowed if received more than60 days from date of issue. No claims allowed from subscribers in Cen-tral Europe, Asia, or the Pacific Islands other than Hawaii or because offailure to notify the Circulation Department of a change of address or

because copy is mising from the files.

Change of address. Four weeks notice is required for change of ad-dres. When ordering a change, please furnish an address stencil labelfrom a recent issue. Address changes can be made only if the old as wellas the new address is supplied.

The American Association for the Advancement of Science also pub-lishes THE-SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY. Subscription rates on request.

2

F..

VoL 106

i Mildred Atwood Theo. J. Christensen

HOTEL RESERVATIONS114th AAAS MEETING

Chicago, December 26-31, 1947

The list of hotels and the reservation blank below are for your convenience inmaking your hotel room reservation in Chicago. Your application is to be sent#not to the hotel directly, but to the AAAS Reservation Center in Chicago for clear-ance and assignment. Mailing your application now will be of material assistancein securing hotel accommodations.

HOTELS AND RESERVATION PRICESHOTEL SINGLE DOUBLE

Double Beds TwIn Beds'Bismarck $5.00 to $8.50 $8.50 to $12.00

Blackstone ......... 12.00 .to 13.00

Congress $4.00 to $10.00 6.00 to 12.00 7.00 to 9.00

LaSalle 4.00 to 7.0(. 5.00 to 8.50 8.50 to 10.00

Morrison 3.25 to 6.50 5.00 to 8.00 7.00 to 8.50

Palmer House 4.00 to 9.00 7.50 to 11.50 8.00 to 14.50Sherman 3.95 to 8.95 5.95 to 10.95 6.95 to 10.95

Stevens 4.00 to 9.00 6.40 to 11.00 8.00 to 12.00

Some suites will be available ... $14.00 to $25.00 per day

'''`This is your HOTEL RESERVATION BLANK * Mail now'

AAAS Reservation CenterChicago Convention Bureau I33 North La Salle StreetChicago 2, Illinois I

Please reserve the following accommodations for the AAAS Chicago Meetings. Attached find listgiving name of each guest in my arty. IHotel Type Accommodation DesiredFLst Choice ......... Single Room........... Rate............

Double Room .Rate .Second Choice ......... Twin Bed Room........... Rate... .

Suite . Rate ............ThirdChoice ...........-.. No.in party......Date of Arrival ......... -.e..Departure Date. (These must be indicated)SIGNED..Street Address....

City .... Zone . State.Rooms will be assigned and confirmed in order of receipt of reservation

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Fatty Acids-Their Chemistry and Physical Properties MARKLEYBy Kilare S. Markley, Principal Chemist-Oil, Fat, and Protin Division, S&ulhen Regional

Research Laboratory, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, New Orleans, La.1947 678 pp. 81 illu8. 6x9 $10.00

CONTENTSNature and History of Fats and Waxes; Cla-nsification andStructure of the Fatty Acids; Physical Properties: Crytal,Specral, and Thermal Properti - Solubility and SolutionProprties - Proprie. in th Liquid State; Chemical Reac-tions: Salts of Fatty Acid. EetrifEcation and Inteaterica-ion - Alkylation and Alkoaylation Pyrolysi. Halogn

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Methods of Vitamin AssayPrepared and edited by The Association of Vitamin Chemits, Inc.

1947 208 pp. 10 illus. 6 x 9 $3.50CONT]

1. Sampling: Application to Mea, Pharmaceuticals, Coreal.and Mixed Feeds, Fruit and Vegetable^ Blood and Urine.-2. Vitamin A: Coloimetric and Ultrariolet Absorption MfIhods.-8. Carotene: Chromatographic and Solent Partition Methods.4. Thiamine: Thiochrome and Fermentation Methods..5. Riboflavin: Fluoroaerie and Microbiological Methods. -

6. Niacin: Microbiological Mdhod. 7. Ascorbic Acid: 9,6-

Dichlorophenolindophenol Visual Titration, Phometric, and2,4-DinitrophenylAydrasne Medhod.. - 8. Other Vitamin

Methods: Vitamins D, E, K; Biotin, Folic Acid. p-A minobensoiAcid, Inositol, Choline, Pantothenic Acid, Pyridoxine. -9. Use

of Check Samples in Control of Vitamin MethoAs.

Phenoplasts-Their Structure, Properties, and ChemicalTechnology

By T. S. Carswell, Manager, Research and Development Departments, Commercial Solvents Corporation,Terre Haute, Ind.

1947 279 pp. 85 illus. 6x9 $5.50CONTENTS

1. History of the Development of Phenoplasts. - 2. ChemicalStructure of the Phenoplasts. - 3. Phenoplasts from HigherAldehydes. - 4. Phenoplasts from Polyhydric Phenols.5. The Physical Structure of the Phenoplasts. -6. Fillers forPhenoplast Molding Powders. - 7. Fillers and Resins for

Phenoplast Laminales. -8. Mechanical Properties of MoldedPhenoplasts. -9. Mechanical Properties of Laminated Pheno-

plasts. - 10. Electrical Properties of Phenoplasts. -1 t. Ther-mal Properties of Phenoplasts. - 1i. Chemical Resistanceof Phenoplasts. 13. Oil-Soluble Phenoplasts. - 14. Phe-noplasts as Ion-Exchange Resins (by D)oNALD S. HERR).-15. Technical Manufacture of Phenoplasts. 18. MoldingTechnique for Phenoplaits (by CARL Il. WuITLwCK).-17. Miscellaneous Technical Applications of Plienoplast.

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GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANYU. S. ARMY AND NAVYFORD MOTOR COMPANYBRITISH ADMIRALTYE. 1. DU PONT DE NEMOURS & CO.SOCONY VACUUM OILMAYO CLINICWESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATIONBELL TELEPHONE LABORATORIESUPJOHN COMPANYMONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANYAMERICAN CYNAMIDE & CHEMICAL

CORPORATIONGENERAL ELECTRIC X-RAY CORPORATIONOver500American and ForeignUniversities

O&OPIFll.

CARL S.;-HALLAUERVice-President

Bausch & Lomb Optical Co.

WORLD leadership in optical sci-ence for America has been the

constant aim of Bausch & Lomb fornearly a hundred years.The foundation was laid, in part, by

J. J. Bausch and Henry Lomb in 18 5 3.Since then, these men, their descendantsand associates, have worked to buildfor America manufacturing facilitiesand scientific knowledge in opticssecond to none.During World War I, for example,

Bausch & Lomb founded and developedan optical glass-making industry, mak-ing America entirely independent ofEuropean sources for the first time.

Without these facilities we would havebeen critically handicapped in bothworld wars, and could not now aspireto world leadership in the optical field.Returning from a 15,000-mile trip

through LatinAmerica, Carl S. Hallauer,Vice-President in Charge of Sales, re-cently reported, "Scientists and peoplethe world over are depending on us tosupply them with precision optical in-struments and ophthalmic materials.We must maintain America's positionof leadership in our field by striving toserve their needs, and by advancingour knowledge, methods, and facilitiesin optical science and manufacture."

BAUSCH & LOMBOPTICAL COMPANY ROCHESTER 2. N. Y.

Cooperating with Men of Science since 1853

8

mittees by the Federal services are re-

vealed by the following list: (1) evaluationof auditory requirements for admission tothe U. S. Military Academy and of researchprojects in the broad field of audition; (2)evaluation of research on rheumatic fever;(3) evaluation of a study of intracutan-eous influenza vaccination; (4) evaluationof penicillin prophylaxis of venereal dis-eases; (5) establishment of policies regard-ing the insurability of syphilitic patients;(6) establishment of policies regarding theuse of contact lenses and the supply ofanesthetic ophthalmic ointments; (7)evaluation of BCG as a prophylacticmeasure against tuberculosis; (8) evalua-tion of research projects on epilepsy andother neuropsychiatric disorders; (9) eval-uation of vision tests; (10) evaluation ofvarious projects in the field of sanitaryengineering.

In addition to the meetings of the Med-ical Advisory Committees, conferenceshave been sponsored under their auspiceson peripheral nerve injuries, penicillinprophylaxis of venereal diseases, strepto-mycin therapy of tuberculosis, and recentadvances in aviation medicine.An active interest has also been taken

in the promotion of research within theFederal Medical Departments. In cooper-ation with the Committee on Veterans'Medical Problems, proposals have beenmade for clinical studies of conditionswhich arose during the war, including ex-

tensive studies in medicine, surgery, andneuropsychiatry. Among the studies cur-

rently under consideration are: a follow-up study of peripheral nerve injuries,investigation of the late results followingrepair of arterial aneurysms and arterio-venous fistulae, liver function in veteransfollowing hepatitis and other conditions.The committees also serve in an advisorycapacity in connection with research pro-posals originating in the Army, Navy, andVeterans Administration. They thus exer-

cise an important influence upon feder-

ally-sponsored research in medicine andallied fields.The Chemotherapy Center for Tropical

Diseases is continuing its work, though on

a reduced scale, since demands for drugsrequired for the cure and prevention ofvarious tropical infections are no longerurgent. Under the direction of the Center,pharmacologic and toxicologic tests havebeen carried out on a variety of drugs thatmay be effective in the treatment ofamebiasis, leshmaniasis, schistosomiasis,and other infections.As the newly-constituted Medical Ad-

186

visory Committees near the end of theirfirst year of activity, it may be said thattheir work may prove equally far-reach-ing, if less dramatic, than that of theirwartime counterparts. Certainly, theknowledge and experience of the civilianphysicians on the committees, as it isbrought to bear on the medical problemsof the Army, Navy, and Veterans Admin-istration, will go a long way toward themaintenance of high professional stand-ards in the Federal medical services. Thework of the committees will also have an

important bearing upon the Nation's med-ical preparedness.

An international journal, Spectro-chimica Acta, the publication of which was

begun in 1939 by Julius Springer, Berlin,and interrupted shortly afterward by thewar, has been re-established as an inter-national organ for spectroscopists andspectrochemists, and is being publishedin the Vatican under the editorship ofAlois Gatterer, assisted by a group of co-

workers from other countries, as follows:R. Breckpot (Belgium), H. Kaiser (Ger-many), E. Van Someren (England), andLester W. Strock (United States). Thefirst number (No. 1, Vol. 3) is now readyfor press, and it is expected that 6-8 num-bers a year will be issued. The officiallanguages of the journal are English,French, and German; papers will also beaccepted in both Italian and Spanish.Papers in English from this countryshould be submitted to Lester W. Strock,21 Madison Avenue, Saratoga Springs,New York.

The U. S. Civil Service Commissionhas announced probational employmentopportunities as Technical Editor, atsalaries ranging from $3,397 to $5,905per year; as Director, Technical In-formation, at $7,102 per year; and as

Writer (Military Manual), at $4,140 peryear. Vacancies are located at the ArmyChemical Center, Maryland. Competitorsfor these positions will not be requiredto take a written test. Further informa-tion concerning these openings may beobtained at most post offices, and formsmay be obtained from the ExecutiveSecretary, Board of U. S. Civil ServiceExaminers, Army Chemical Center,Marylard, or from the Director, FourthU. S. Civil Service Region, NissenBuilding, Winston-Salem 3, North Car-olina. Applications will not be acceptedafter September 8.

A long-range program of researchon waterproofed papers is under way

at the National Bureau of Standardsunder a fellowship of the WaterproofPaper Manufacturers Association. RobertC. Reichel, whose services are being pro-

vided by the Association, is acting as re-

search associate. Laboratory facilities andtechnical assistance are furnished by theBureau. Current work involves the de-velopment of a suitable accelerated aging

test for predicting permanence of a widevariety of papers. Tests for measuringchanges in their properties when exposedto deteriorating influences will be under-taken. Other projects will include means.

of reducing their flammability, relationof properties of waterproofing asphalts toperformance of the papers, and odor andtaste problems in food packaging.

The Rockefeller Institute for Med-ical Research plans to consolidate allphases of its program on its York Avenuesite in New York City. The integrationin New York of the Department ofAnimal and Plant Pathology with theDepartments of the Laboratories and theHospital has recently been approvedMost of the activities at the Institute atPrinceton will be transferred to the NewYork plant with the belief that they willbe greatly strengthened by makingpossible a day-to-day exchange of ideas.between the members of the entire scien-tific staff. It is hoped that this integra-tion may be accomplished by July 1,1951.

Make Plans for-American Astronomical Society,

77th meeting, September 3-6, DearbornObservatory, Evanston, Illinois.

First International Biometric Con-fe ence, September 5-6, Marine Bio-logical Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mas-sachusetts.

Laurentian Hormone Conferenceof the AAAS, September 8-13, Ste.Adele Lodge, Ste. Adele, Quebec.

American Psychological Associa-tion, September 9-13, Detroit, Michi-

American Association for theAdvancement of Science, 114thMeeting, December 26-31, Chi-cago, Illinois.

SCIENCE, August 29, 1947