10/16/2015math 120 - km1 chapter 6: introduction to polynomials and polynomial functions 6.1...
TRANSCRIPT
04/20/23 Math 120 - KM 1
Chapter 6:Introduction to
Polynomials and Polynomial Functions
• 6.1 Introduction to Factoring
• 6.2 FactoringTrinomials: x2+bx+c
• 6.3 FactoringTrinomials: ax2+bx+c
• 6.4 Special Factoring
• 6.5 Factoring: A General Strategy
• 6.6 Applications
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6.1 Introduction to Factoring
6.1
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Let’s Build theGreatest Common Factor
of 90x2y3z and 50y4z5
The GCF of 90x2y3z and 50y4z5 is the product of the “common” bases raised to the smallest exponent.
or
zyx90 32
54zy50
zyx532 322
542 zy52
zy52 3 zy10 3
6.1
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Let’s Build theGreatest Common Factor
of 21x2z and 10y4
21x2z and 10y4 have no common factors!
The only factor common to both expressions is 1.
21x2z and 10y4 are RELATIVELY PRIME
because their GCF is 1.
zx21 2
4y10
zx73 2
4y52
6.1
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Factoring out the GCFis Reversing
the Distributive Property
6.1
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Factor out the GCFfrom 12x5 + 20x3
12x5 20x3
4x3 4x33x2 5
4x3 3x2 5
6.1
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Factor: 12x5 + 20x3
12x5 + 20x3= 4x3(3x2 + 5)
6.1
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Factor: 6x2y5 - 8x3y4
6x2y5 - 8x3y4= 2x2y4(3y - 4x)
6.1
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Factor:9x3 – 11y2 + 3
9x3 – 11y2 + 3
6.1
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Factoring
6.1
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Factor a Tricky One!
x(x + 2) – 6(x + 2)
x(x + 2) – 6(x + 2)
= ( x + 2 )( x – 6 )
6.1
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Another Tricky One!
(x - 7)3x +(x - 7)5
(x-7)3x + (x-7)5
= ( x - 7 )( 3x + 5 )
6.1
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Factor by Grouping:Example 1:
REVERSE FOIL
ab + 7b – 3a – 21
= b(a + 7)– 3(a + 7)
= (a + 7)(b - 3)
(a + 7)(b – 3) = ab – 3a + 7b - 21
6.1
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Factor by Grouping:Example 2:
REVERSE FOIL
x2 + 3x + 5x + 15
= x(x + 3)+ 5(x + 3)
= (x + 3)(x + 5)
6.1
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Factor by Grouping:Example 3:
REVERSE FOIL
x2 + 5x – 5x - 25
= x(x + 5)- 5(x + 5)
= (x + 5)(x - 5)
6.1
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Factor by Grouping:Example 4:
REVERSE FOIL
x2 - 9x + 11x - 99
= x(x - 9)+ 11(x - 9)
= (x + 11)(x - 9)
6.1
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Factor by Grouping:Example 5:
REVERSE FOIL
x3 - 10x2 - 10x + 100
= x2(x - 10)- 10(x - 10)
= (x2 – 10)(x - 10)
6.1
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Factor by Grouping:Example 6:
REVERSE FOIL
18x2 - 21x + 30x - 35
= 3x(6x - 7)+ 5(6x - 7)
= (6x - 7)(3x + 5)
6.1
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Factor by Grouping:Example 7:
REVERSE FOIL
25x2 + 35x + 35x + 49
= 5x(5x + 7)+ 5(5x + 7)
= (5x + 7)(5x + 7)
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Where We Left Off Last Class
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4.4 & 4.5 FactoringTrinomials:
ax2+bx+c
6.2
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First, Let’s ReviewFactor by Grouping
ab + 7b – 3a – 21
x2 + 2x + 10x + 20
6.2
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Now, Let’s Review FOIL!
1512108 2 xxx
)x)(x( 5432
1528 2 xx
Aha! FL = OI (8)(-15) = (10)(-
12)-120 = - 120
6.2
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What’s the Diamond?
ax2 + bx + c
Add tob
Multiply toac
6.2
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2x2 - 11x -40
Add to-11
Multiply to-80
1 80
2 40
3 ---
4 20
5 16
6 ---
7 ---
8 10980 6.2
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2x2 - 11x -40
Add to-11
Multiply to-80
)x()x(x 52852 401652 2 xxx
40112 2 xx
)x)(x( 852 6.2
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6x2 - 17x +12
Add to-17
Multiply to72
)x()x(x 433432 12986 2 xxx
12176 2 xx
)x)(x( 3243
1 72
2 36
3 24
4 18
5 --
6 12
7 --
8 9
872 6.2
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Start with the GCF
)x()x(x 5352
)xxx( 15352 2
)xx( 1522 2
3042 2 xx
)x)(x( 352 6.2
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More Problems?
12y3 + 22y2 – 70y
+ 15x - 4x2 - 9
5ax3 + 20ax2 – 160ax
2x4 + 5x2 + 12
2x6 + 4x3 – 306.2
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6.3 Special Factoring
6.3
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Special FactoringShortcuts
6.3
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Special Polynomials
6.3
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Perfect Trinomial Square
22 2 yxyx )yx)(yx(
2)yx( 6.3
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Perfect Trinomial Square
49142 xx)x)(x( 77
27)x( 6.3
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Perfect Trinomial Square
25102 yy)y)(y( 55
25)y( 6.3
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Perfect Trinomial Square
22 25309 yxyx
)yx)(yx( 5353
253 )yx(
6.3
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OK – Short Cut Time!
498436 2 xx276 )x(
259081 2 xx259 )x(
11664 2 xx218 )x(
6.3
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Difference of Squares
22 yx )yx)(yx(
6.3
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You can do this!
259 2 x)x)(x( 5353
6.3
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Check these out!
4936 2 x)x)(x( 7676
2581 2 xsquaresofsum
116 4 x)x)(x)(x( 121214
6.3
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Sum or Difference of Cubes
n n cubed
1 1
2 8
3 27
4 64
5 125
6 216
… …
n n36.3
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Sum or Difference of Cubes
33 yx )yxyx)(yx( 22
33 yx
)yxyx)(yx( 22 6.3
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Sum or Difference of Cubes
8125 3 x
)xx)(x( 4102525 2
2x5
6.3
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Sum or Difference of Cubes
6427 3 x
)xx)(x( 1612943 2
4x3
6.3
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How about a harder one?
33 343216 yx
)yxyx)(yx( 22 49423676
y7x6
6.3
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6.4 Factoring: A General Strategy
6.4
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Factoring StrategyGCF
1) GREATEST COMMON FACTOR
Check carefully to see if there is a GCF and factor it
out.
If the leading coefficient is negative, factor out -1.
6.4
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Factoring StrategyNumber of Terms
2) Number of TERMS
a) Four Terms: Try grouping
b) Three Terms:
i) a2 + 2ab + b2 Perfect Square ii) a2 – 2ab + b2 Perfect Square iii) ax2 + bx + c UNFOIL c) Two Terms:
i) a2 - b2 Difference of Squares ii) a2 + b2 Sum of Squares - NF iii) x3 – y3 Difference of Cubes iv) x3 + y3 Sum of Cubes
6.4
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Factor Completely: Example 1
2x3 + 6x2 – 8x - 24
= 2[ x3 + 3x2 – 4x – 12 ]
= 2[ x2(x + 3) – 4(x+3) ]
= 2[(x + 3)(x2 – 4)]
= 2[(x + 3)(x + 2)(x - 2)]
= 2(x + 3)(x + 2)(x - 2)
6.4
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Factor Completely: Example 2
5x3 - 80x2 + 320x
= 5x[ x2 – 16x + 64 ]
= 5x[(x - 8)(x - 8)]
= 5x(x - 8)2
6.4
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Factor Completely: Example 3
9x2 + 12x - 5
12
-45-3 15
= 9x2 -3x + 15x - 5
= 3x(3x – 1) + 5(3x - 1)
= (3x – 1)(3x + 5)
6.4
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Factor Completely: Example 4
125x3 + 8y3
= (5x + 2y)(25x2 – 10xy + 4y2)
= (5x)3 + (2y)3
6.4
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Factor Completely: Example 5
x2 + 10x – y2 + 25
= x2 + 10x + 25 – y2
= (x + 5)2 – y2
= [(x + 5) + y] [(x + 5) - y]
= (x + 5 + y)(x + 5 – y)
6.4
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4.8 Applications
6.4
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General Strategy forSolving Equations UsingThe Zero Factor Property
1) Arrange the equation so that one side is zero.
2) Completely factor the other side.
3) Set each factor equal to zero and solve, if possible.
4) Write the solution set.
5) Check each solution by substitution.
6.5
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Zero Factor PropertySolve: 2x(x + 5)(x-3) =
0
0352 xxx
02 0x
350 ,,
05 x5x
03 x3x
6.5
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Zero Factor PropertySolve: (2x - 7)(4x + 3)=
0
03472 xx
4
3
2
7,
072 x72 x
034 x34 x
2
7x
4
3x
6.5
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Zero Factor PropertySolve: 6x2 = 3x
x3x6 2
21
,0
03 0x 1x2
21
x
Use the properties of equality to rearrange the terms of the equation
so that it is equal to ZERO.
0x3x6 2 01x2x3
012 x
6.5
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Solve: x2 = 169
01692 x
01313 )x)(x(
013 x 013 xor
13x 13xor
1313,
6.5
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Solve: x2 + 25 = 10x
025102 xx
055 )x)(x(
05 x 05 xor
5x 5xor
5
6.5
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Solve: 3x2 = 2 - x
023 2 xx
0123 )x)(x(
023 x 01xor
3
2x 1xor
13
2,
6.5
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Solve: 2x3 + 3x2 = 18x + 27
0271832 23 xxx
03292 )x)(x(
03 x 03 x
or3x 3xor
0329322 )x()x(x
03233 )x)(x)(x(
032 x
2
3x
2
333 ,,
6.5
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The Pool is Cool!
Pat has a rectangular swimming pool. The
length is 16 feet longer than the width. The
surface area of the pool is 420 square feet.
What are the dimensions of the pool?
6.5
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Let’s see a Diagram!
w
w + 16
Area = length x width
420 = (w+16)(w)w2 + 16w – 420
= 0(w - 14)(w + 30) = 0w = 14 or w = -306.5
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Answer the Question!
w
w + 16
Pat’s pool is 14 feet wide and 30 feet long.
= 14 feet
= 14 + 16 = 30 feet
6.5
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Is it “Square”?
Lilly and Mike are building a deck and want to make
sure it is “square” (the corners are 90 degrees). If the deck is 12’ by 16’,
what diagonal measurement is needed to
be sure it is “square”?
12’
16’
d
6.5
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Time for the Pythagorean
Equation!
222 cba 222 1612 d)()(
2256144 d2400 d
12’
16’
d
6.5
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Solve for d
04002 d
02020 )d)(d(
2400 d
d = -20 or d = 20If the diagonal is 20’ long, the deck will be
“square”.6.5
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That’s All For Now!