100206 values overview

8/8/2019 100206 Values Overview

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Overview of Different

Types of Values



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0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011What I¶m Going to Do Discuss Different Values

Ask LOTS of Questions Get You to Think of the Answers



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0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011Value Social -- the principles, standards, or quality

which guides human actions

Economic -- the market or estimated worth

of commodities



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0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011Social Values The quality (positive or negative) that

renders something desirable or valuable

From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Values



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0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011Social Values The quality (positive or negative) that renders something desirable or

valuable

Principles, standards or qualities considered

worthwhile or desirable by the person whoholds them.




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0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011Social Values The quality (positive or negative) that renders something desirable or

valuable

Principles, standards or qualities considered worthwhile or desirable by

the person who holds them.

Those qualities of behavior, thought, and

character that society regards as being

intrinsically good, having desirable results,

and worthy of emulation by others.




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0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011Social Values The quality (positive or negative) that renders something desirable or valuable

Principles, standards or qualities considered worthwhile or desirable by the person whoholds them.

Those qualities of behavior, thought, and character that society regards as beingintrinsically good, having desirable results, and worthy of emulation by others.

Values are our subjective reactions to theworld around us. They guide and mold our options and behavior. Values have threeimportant characteristics. ± Developed early in life and are very resistant to change.

± Define what is right and what is wrong.

± Cannot be proved correct or incorrect, valid or invalid,right or wrong. Values tell what we should believe,regardless of any evidence or lack thereof.




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0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011Economic Values Does Price = Value?

Assumes perfectly competitive market

± Many buyers and sellers

± Perfect knowledge

± Homogeneous products

± All resources are mobile

± Free entry/exit from market



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0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011Social and Economic Value How well does Market Price approximate

Economic Value?

Does Social Value equal Economic Value?

How do we reconcile?

Economists use Willingness-to-Pay to

approximate value, what do sociologists

use?



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0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011Different Values Market and Nonmarket

Use and Nonuse

Option, Bequest, Existence

Economic and Social

± Is economic value a subset of social value?



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0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011Why are Values Important? Why do agencies want to know values of

ecosystem services?

Allocation of their scarce resources (labor

and capital) to provide the mix of goods and

services society values.



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0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011Allocation How do you weight different uses?

Market goods and services ± relative prices

give weights

Weights change

Nonmarket goods and services

± What weights

± How comparable



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Wallowa-Whitman National Forest



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0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011How much wilderness is enough? Society ³values´ wilderness characteristics

First Wilderness Area (best characteristics)

designated ± most valuable

Is the next area as valuable to society?

How about the next? And the one after that?



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0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011Areas with Wilderness Potential Alternative uses

± Wilderness

± Backcountry recreation

± Development

How do you decide which values are most

important?

Marginal valuation



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0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011To Subdivide or Not



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R anchettes

Know there is a market value for the small

acreage parcel

Know there is a desire to not have land

broken up

± Market value of intact area

± Social values

± Values placed on Ecological characteristics



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R anchettes

So which set of values dominate?

Why would the landowner enter into a

conservation easement?

Is it only $ of the easement?

Is location important? Timing?



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0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011Choices

This or This?



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0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011Questions to Ponder Can you add up market and nonmarket

values?

How much wilderness (biodiversity, water

quality) is enough?

If fishing in the trout pond outside the lodge

is worth $X, is all fishing worth $X?

Does everything have to put in dollar terms?



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0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011Questions to Ponder What is the trade-off between a tangible

(market) good and an intangible

(nonmarket) service if they are competitive?

Antagonistic?



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0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011Questions to Ponder How do you compare an economic value

expressed in $ with a social value expressed

in ³I want more «´?

Which one affects ecological processes

more?



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0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011Indicators and Values27. Value of forage harvested from

rangeland by livestock

28. Value of production of non-livestock

products produced from rangeland

54. Public beliefs, attitudes, and behavioral

intentions towards natural resources



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0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011Adding Up Discussed many times ± How do we avoid

double, triple, quadruple counting?

Is that important for the Indicator work?

Do we really need a common metric ($)?

What do private landowners and public land

managers respond to?

± What values are important?



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0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011Adding Up In terms of conceptual model

± Ecosystem Services used

± Some have $ values, others just social values

Important issues are whether either value

affects the ecological or human subsystems

and how Are ³market´ imperfections the cause?



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0011 0010 1010 1101 0001 0100 1011Values and SRR

Back to the beginning!

Indicators meant to be ³valueless´ ± things

we monitor

Common data set that each individual will

view differently depending on their own

value set

100206 values overview

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