1000 drug cards
TRANSCRIPT
PHARMOCOLOGY
DRUG CARDS
Trade Name: Innovar
Classification: General anesthetic, narcotic analgesic, neuroleptic analgesic
Use(s): Premedication, adjunct/maintenance of anesthesia,
Action: Acts at subcortical levels to reduce motor activity.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, <2 years old.
Side Effects: Laryngospasm, bronchospasm, respiratory arrest.
Nursing implications: V/S, LFT, BUN, Creatine, Paco2. After 1st dose of narcotic reduce dosage.
Trade Name: Progesterone
Classification: Progesterone, hormone
Use(s): Contraception, amenorrhea, PMS, abnormal uterine bleeding.
Action: Prevents pituitary release of gonadotrophins, which prevents follicular maturation.
Contraindications: Breast/Reproductive CA, , cerebral bleeds.
Side Effects: Stroke, PE, MI, spontaneous AB
Nursing implications: Weight, B/P, LFT, edema, mental status, hypercalcemia.
Trade Name: Estrogens
Classification: Estrogen, hormone
Use(s): Menopause, inoperable breast CA, Prostate CA, osteoporosis
Action: Inhibits release of pituitary gonadotrophins, inhibits ovulation and calcium use in bone.
Contraindications: Breast/Reproductive CA
Side Effects: Seizures, Stroke, MI
Nursing implications: Assess LFT, AST, ALT, bilirubin.
Trade Name: Rocephin (ceftriaxone)
Classification: Broad-Spectrum antibiotic, 3rd generation cephalosporin
Use(s): Gram-negative bacilli, less effective against gram positive
Action: Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
Contraindications: to cephalosporins, <1 month old, pregnancy, lactation.
Side Effects: N/V/D, bleeding, proteinuria, lymphocytosis, super infection, headache, dizziness, rash
Nursing implications: Sensitivity to PCN or other cephalosporins. Assess for diarrhea, and blood chemistry studies, assess for s/s of superifection such as thrush and yeast infection
Trade Name: Doxycycline
Classification: Antiinfectives
Use(s): syphilis, Clap, gonorrhea, rickettsia
Action: Inhibits protein synthesis
Contraindications: hypersensitivity to tetracycline, children <8 years old, pregnancy, lactation.
Side Effects: Fever, neutropenia, angioedema, hepatotoxicity
Nursing implications: Assess I&O, allergic Rx, Blood studies, Signs of infection.
Trade Name: Tetracycline
Classification: Broad-Spectrum anti-infective
Use(s): Syphilis, clap, gonorrhea, rickettsia infections, acne, ophthalmic neonatorum
Action: Inhibits protein synthesis
Contraindications: hypersensitivity to tetracycline, children <8 years old, pregnancy, and lactation. Hypersensitivity to light
Side Effects: Fever, HA, neutropenia, hemolytic anemia, angioedema.
Nursing implications: Signs of anemia, Allergic reactions, N/V/D. Store out of heat/light
Trade Name: Penicillin
Classification: Broad-Spectrum antiinfectives.
Use(s): Gram +/- bacilli and cocci.
Action: interferes with cell wall replication, producing inferior cell walls.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to PCN, neonates. Sensitivity to cephalosporins
Side Effects: anemia, increased bleeding time, Oliguria, proteinuria, Hematuria, rash, uticaria, anaphylaxsis
Nursing implications: Infection, I&O, liver studies, blood studies, respiratory status.
Trade Name: Acyclovir
Classification: Antiviral
Use(s): Herpes zoster, herpes simplex, herpes genitalis
Action: Interferes with DNA synthesis causing decreased viral replication.
Contraindications:
Side Effects: Tremors, confusion, lethargy, convulsions, acute renal failure.
Nursing implications: Signs of infection, I&O ratio, skin eruptions, allergic Reactions
Trade Name: Podophyllin
Classification: Antiviral
Use(s): Genital wart removal
Action: unknown
Contraindications: hypersensitivity; perianal or MM warts.
Side Effects: inflammation, burning
Nursing implications: None noted.
Trade Name: Flagyl (Metronidazole HCL)
Classification: Antiinfectives
Use(s): Intestinal amoeba, bone / joint infections, lower respiratory infections. Trichomonas vaginalis
Action: Direct acting amebicide
Contraindications: , renal disease, pregnancy (1st tri), CNS disorders.
Side Effects: Headache, dizziness, convulsions, Blurred vision, sore throat, dry mouth.
Nursing implications: Assess for signs of infection. Assess stools, check vision, allergic reactions.
Trade Name: Pepcid
Classification: H2-receptor antagonist.
Use(s): Duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, GERD
Action: Competitively inhibits histamine, while pepsin stays at a stable level, inhibits gastric secretions
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity
Side Effects: Thrombocytopenia, seizure, bronchospasm,
Nursing implications: Blood counts, bleeding
Trade Name: Tobramycin
Classification: Antiinfectives-Aminoglycoside
Use(s): Infections of pseudomonas, E.Coli, enterobacter, staphylococcus
Action: Interferes with protein synthesis, causing an inaccurate peptide sequence resulting in death.
Contraindications: Severe renal disease, hypersensitivity to aminoglycosides.
Side Effects Oliguria, hematuria, renal failure, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, & leukopenia.
Nursing implications: Assess weight, I&O, blood studies, serum levels
Trade Name: Neomycin
Classification: Antiinfectives-Aminoglycoside
Use(s): Severe systemic infections with pseudomonas, E.Coli, enterobacter, Proteus.
Action: Interferes with protein synthesis by binding to the 30s subunit, causing an erroneous protein that causes death.
Contraindications: Bowel obstruction, severe renal disease, hypersensitivity, infants, and children.
Side Effects Oliguria, hematuria, renal failure, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, & leukopenia.
Nursing implications: Assess Weight, I&O, renal impairment, dehydration, blood studies, serum levels.
Trade/generic: Zinacef (cefuroxime sodium)
Class: Antibacterial Agents: 2nd gen. Cephalosporin
Route: IM, IV
Ind: Gram +/- bacteria, including most staph, gp. A & B Strep, most strep, E. coli, meningitits.
Action: Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, making the cell wall unstable.
Contra: Hypers, seizure disorders.
S/E: Dizziness, headache, fatigue, rash, nephrotoxicity, renal failure.
RN: Assess for nephrotoxicity, I&O, Blood serum studies & allergic reactions.
Trade Name: Claforan
Classification: Broad-spectrum antibiotic-Cephalosporin
Use(s): Gram - & gram + organisms
Action: Inhibits cell wall synthesis, making cell wall unstable.
Contraindications: hypersensitivity to cephalosporins, infants < 1 month.
Side Effects: N/V/D, anaphylaxis, Proteinuria, leukopenia.
Nursing implications: Assess for sensitivity to PCN/Cephalosporins, nephrotoxicity, blood studies, and electrolytes.
Trade Name: Tazidime
Classification: Broad-spectrum antibiotic-Cephalosporin
Use(s): Gram negative and gram positive organisms
Action: Inhibits cell wall synthesis, making cell wall unstable.
Contraindications: hypersensitivity to cephalosporins, infants < 1 month.
Side Effects: N/V/D, anaphylaxis, Proteinuria, leukopenia.
Nursing implications: Assess for sensitivity to PCN/Cephalosporins, nephrotoxicity, blood studies, and electrolytes.
Trade Name: Erythromycin
Classification: Broad-Spectrum Antiinfectives-Microlide
Use(s): Bacterial infections, Legionaire’s disease, syphilis.
Action: Binds to P site of 50s ribosomal subunit, interfereing w/protein synthesis.
Contraindications: Hypersens., cisapride use, astemizole use,impaired liver function, impaired hearing.
Side Effects: anaphylaxis, N/V, diarrhea, anorexia, abd pain, abd cramps, pruritus,
Nursing implications: observe for allergic reactions,
Trade Name: Ticar (ticarcillin)
Classification: Broad-spectrum Antiinfectives-Penicillin
Use(s): Gram +/- cocci, Gram +/- bacilli.
Action: Interferes with cell wall replication, and causes unstable cell walls to burst.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to PCN
Side Effects: Anemia, increased bleeding time, bone marrow depression, N/V/D.
Nursing implications: Assess, I&O, liver studies, blood studies, lethargy, coma, convulsions.
Trade Name: Ampicillin
Classification: Broad-Spectrum Antiinfectives-Penicillin
Use(s): Gram +/- cocci, Gram +/- bacilli
Action: Interferes with cell wall replication & causes cell walls to burst.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to PCN
Side Effects: Rash, anemia, bone marrow depression, coma, convulsions, and anaphylaxis.
Nursing implications: Assess I&O, liver studies, blood studies, respiratory and vitals, as well as bowel habits.
Trade Name: Cipro
Classification: Broad-Spectrum Antiinfectives
Use(s): Infections caused by susceptible organisms E. Coli, Proteus, staph.
Action: Interferes with conversion of DNA fragments into higher molecular weight ones. DNA gyrase inhibitors.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to quinolones
Side Effects: Headache, dizziness, restlessness, N/V/D.
Nursing implications: Assess for CNS symptoms, I&O ratio, allergic reactions.
Trade Name: Bactrim
Classification: Antiinfectives-Sulfonamides
Use(s): UTI, Otitis media, and shigellosis
Action: Bacteriostatic agent that prevents bacterial growth byInhibiting folic acid production.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides, infants <2 months.
Side Effects: N/V, diarrhea, joint pain, urticaria, convulsions, fever, renal failure, leukopenia.
Nursing implications: Assess for allergic reactions, kidney functions, and allergic reactions, maintain adequate fluid inake
Trade Name: Virazole (ribavirin)
Classification: Antiviral Agents-ribavirin
Use(s): Infants and young children w/ lower resp. infections caused By RSV (respiratory syncytial virus)
Action: Inhibits viral RNA and DNA synthesis
Contraindications: Pregnant or lactating, COPD, asthma, ventilation,
Side Effects: resp. function, vent. Dependence, pneumothorax, apnea, cardiac arrest, HTN, rash, conjunctivitis, erythema of eyelids.
Nursing implications: Monitor: VS, cardiac status, CBC. Route of administration is aerosol inhalation
Trade Name: Respigam
Classification: Immune serums
Use(s): Prevention of serious lower respiratory tract infections caused by RSV in children <2 years old, with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, or premature birth.
Action: Higher titer of neutralizing antibody against RSV.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to this drug or other human immunoglobulin preparations.
Side Effects: Resp distress, hypoxia, fever, HTN, anaphylaxis
Nursing implications: Assess vital signs, respiratory status, for signs of aseptic meningitis.
Trade Name: Synagis
Classification: monoclonal antibodies
Use(s): Prevention of serious lower respiratory tract disease caused by RSV in pediatric PT’s.
Action: A humanized monoclonal antibody that exhibits neutralizing and fusion-inhibitory activity against RSV.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, adults, and cyanotic congenital heart disease.
Side Effects: N/V/D, URI, apnea, and rash site injection.
Nursing implications: For presence of RSV infections.
Trade Name: antimycotic Agents (nystatin, clotrimazole, miconazole, fluconizole, etc.)
Classification: Antifungals
Use(s): fungal infections: tinea pedis (common) to sporotrichosis (rare)
Action: cell wall permeability.Some interfere w/ protein synthsis by binding to sterol..
Contraindications: Hypersens., Pregnant or Lactating Pts.
Side Effects: Nephrotoxicity, hypokalemia, chills, fever, N/V, muscle & joint pain, HA, anorexia, abd. Pain.
Nursing implications: Monitor LFT’s, do not administer w/ antacids.
Trade Name: Cotazym
Classification: Digestant
Use(s): Exocrine pancreatic secretion insufficiency, cystic fibrosis, steatorrhea, and pancreatic enzyme deficiency.
Action: Pancreatic enzyme needed for breaking down substances from the pancreas.
Contraindications: Allergy to pork, chronic pancreatic disease.
Side Effects: Anorexia, N/V/D
Nursing implications: Assess for proper development, administer with meals, I&O ratio, 3 p’s.
Trade Name: Pancreatin
Classification: Digestant
Use(s): Exocrine pancreatic secretion insufficiency, cystic fibrosis (digestive aid)
Action: Pancreatic enzyme needed for breakdown of substances released from the pancreas.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to pork, chronic pancreatic disease.
Side Effects: Anorexia, N/V/D, and rash, hypersensitivity, buccal soreness.
Nursing implications: Assess I&O, for 3 P’s for allergy to pork.
Trade Name: Pancrease
Classification: Digestant
Use(s): Exocrine pancreatic secretion insufficiency, cystic fibrosis (digestive aid), and Pancreatic enzyme deficiency.
Action: Pancreatic enzyme needed for breakdown of substances released from the pancreas.
Contraindications: Allergy to pork, chronic pancreatic disease.
Side Effects: N/V/D
Nursing implications: Assess for 3 P’s, pork sensitivity, appropriate height and weight.
Trade Name: Mucomyst
Classification: Mucolytic; antidote - acetaminophen
Use(s): Bronchitis; pneumonia; CF; emphysema; diagnostic in lab tests.
Action: Decreases viscosity of secretions by breaking disulfide links of mucoproteins.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity; increased ICP, status asthmaticus.
Side Effects: Dizziness; drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, bronchospasm, hemoptysis. stomatitis
Nursing implications: Assess cough, respiratory status, VS.
Trade Name: Flexeril (cyclobenzaprine)
Classification: Skeletal muscle relaxant, central acting.
Use(s): Adjunct for relief of muscle spasm and pain in muscle injuries.
Action: Unknown may be related to antidepressant effects.
Contraindications: Acute recovery from an MI, dysrhythmias, heart block, CHF, hypersensitivity, child <12 years, thyroid disease.
Side Effects: Dizziness, weakness, drowsiness, and dysrhythmias.
Nursing implications: Assess blood studies, LFT’s, ECG in epileptic Pt’s., allergic Rx, CNS Depression.
Trade Name: Pulmozyme
Classification: cystic fibrosis agent
Use(s): Management of Cystic fibrosis
Action: Breaks down molecules of infected sputum, to help get the sputum out.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity
Side Effects: Possible laryngitis, uticaria, rash, chest pain.
Nursing implications: Assess respiratory function, B/P, pulse, lung sounds.
Trade Name: Cromolyn (same as intal)
Classification: Antiasthmatic
Use(s): Preventive allergic rhinitis, asthma, and bronchial asthma, exercise induced asthma.
Action: Stabilizes the membrane of the senthestized cell, preventing the release of additional chemical mediators
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to this drug or lactose or status asthmaticus.
Side Effects: Headache, dizziness, urinary frequency, dysuria, N/V, dry mouth, bitter taste.
Nursing implications: Assess eosinophil count during treatment, respiratory status.
Trade Name: Robaxin
Classification: Skeletal muscle relaxant, central acting.
Use(s): Adjunct for relief of spasms and pain in muscles, tetanus management.
Action: Depresses multisynaptic pathways in the spinal cord, causing skeletal muscle relaxant.
Contraindications: hypersensitivity, child <12 yr., intermittent porphyria
Side Effects: Dizziness, weakness, drowsiness, seizures, N/V, anaphylaxis.
Nursing implications: Assess blood studies, liver function tests, ECG, allergic RX, CNS depression.
Trade Name: Prednisone
Classification: Corticosteroid
Use(s): Severe inflammation, immunosuppression, neoplasm’s, MS, collagen disorders.
Action: Decreases inflammation by suppression of migration of leukocytes and fibroblasts increases capillary permeability and lysosomal stabilization.
Contraindications: Psychosis, hypersensitivity, amebiasis, fungal infections, child <2 years old, aids, TB.
Side Effects: Circulatory collapse, thrombophlebitis, embolism, GI hemorrhage.
Nursing implications: Assess for N/V, Weight, BP, I&O, infection, edema, mental status.
Trade Name: Valium (diazepam)
Classification: Antianxiety, anti-convulsant, skeletal muscle relaxant
Use(s): Anxiety, acute ETOH withdrawal, adjunct in seizure disorders. IV with anesthesia for labor
Action: Potentates the action of GABA, especially in the limbic system.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines, narrow angle glaucoma, psychosis.
Side Effects: Neutropenia, respiratory depression, dizziness drowsiness, and orthostatic hypotension.
Nursing implications: Assess B/P, anxiety, for seizure, forchanges in mental status.
Trade Name: Indocin
Classification: NSAID
Use(s): Rheumatoid arthritis, gout, closure of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants.
Action: Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, asthma, severe renal disease, severe renal disease, and severe hepatic disease
Side Effects: N/V/D, ulceration, and perforation, GI bleeds, hematuria, Oliguria.
Nursing implications: Assess renal, blood and liver status, eye and ear problems, for confusion.
Trade Name: Tilade
Classification: Antiasthmatic
Use(s): Severe perennial bronchial asthma, prevention of exercise-induced asthma. Not for treatment of acute asthma attacks.
Action: Stabilizes the membrane of the sensitized mast cell, preventing further release of chemical mediators after the initial response.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to this drug or lactose, status asthmaticus.
Side Effects: Throat irritation, cough, nasal congestion, and rhinitis, burning eyes, N/V, bitter taste.
Nursing implications: Assess pulmonary function test, respiratory status
Trade Name: Intal
Classification: Antiasthmatic
Use(s): Allergic rhinitis, severe perennial asthma, prevention of exercise induced bronchial asthma, asthma induced by pollutants.
Action: Stabilizes the membrane of the sensitized mast cell, preventing further release of chemical mediators.
Contraindications: hypersensitivity to this drug or lactose, status asthmaticus
Side Effects: Headache, dizziness, neuritis, urinary frequency, dysuria, nausea, vomiting.
Nursing implications: Assess eosinophil, respiratory status.
Trade Name: Aspirin ( acetylsalicylic acid ASA)
Classification: Non-narcotic analgesic, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiplatelet
Use(s): Mild to moderate pain or fever, prophylaxis of MI, angina & ischemic stroke
Action: Blocks pain impulses at the CNS, antipyretic, decreases platelet aggregation, prolongs bleeding
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to ASA, yellow #5, GI bleed, Children <12 years old, children with flu-like symptoms, peptic ulcer.
Side Effects: convulsion, GI bleed, hepatitis, and Reye’s syndrome, decreases hearing acuity, gastric irritation
Nursing implications: Assess Liver function, renal function, blood studies, I&O ratio. Do not give with Ibuprofen, take with food
Trade Name: Alupent
Classification: Bronchodilator selective B2 agonist
Use(s): Bronchial asthma, bronchial spasm.
Action: Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by direct action on B2 Adrenergic receptors.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sympathomimetics, narrow angle glaucoma.
Side Effects: N/V, palpitations, tachycardia, tremors, nausea, nervousness, headache, and increased bronchospasm, cardiac arrest.
Nursing implications: Assess respiratory function, for tolerance.
Trade Name: Solu-Cortef
Classification: Corticosteroid
Use(s): Severe inflammation, septic shock, adrenal insufficiency, ulcerative colitis, collagen disorders.
Action: Decreases inflammation by suppression of leukocytes reverses capillary permeability.
Contraindications: Psychosis, hypersensitivity, idiopathic thrombocytopenia, fungal infections, bronchial disease, children <2 years old, aids, TB.
Side Effects: Circulatory collapse, thrombophlebitis, and embolism, thrombocytopenia, GI hemorrhage.
Nursing implications: Assess mental status, weight, B/P, I&O, infection, edema, hypertension.
Trade Name: Theophylline
Classification: Spasmolytic, bronchodilator
Use(s): Bronchial asthma, broncho-spasm of COPD, chronic bronchitis.
Action: Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by blocking phosphodiesterase.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to xanthine, tachydysrhythmias.
Side Effects: Convulsions, palpitations, tachycardia, tremors, nausea, nervousness, and headache,restlessness, irritability, insomnia, dizziness. Adverse CNS reactions often more severe in children
Nursing implications: Assess Theophylline level, heart rate, respiratory status, for allergic reactions, monitor blood levels. If dose missed call MD before doubling.
Trade Name: Proventil/Ventolin
Classification: Adrenergic B2-agonist, sympathomimetic, bronchodilator
Use(s): Prevention of exercise induced asthma, bronchospasm, bronchitis, emphysema, or other respiratory diseases.
Action: Causes bronchodilation by interacting with B2 receptors,relaxes bronchial smooth muscle.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sympathomimetics, tachydysrhythmias, severe cardiac disease, and heart block.
Side Effects: Palpitations, tachycardia, tremors, nausea, nervousness, headache, and increased bronchospasm.
Nursing implications: Assess the need for the drug, respiratory function, ability to self medicate, evidence of allergic Reactions
Trade Name: Accutane (isotretirion)
Classification: Antiacne agent
Use(s): Rarely used for severe recalcitrant acne
Action: Unknown
Contraindications: hypersensitivity, inflamed skin, pregnancy
Side Effects: Pseudotumor cerebri, hyperostosis, hepatotoxicity, chelitis, dry skin, skin fragility, pruritus, dry mouth, depression. Fetal abnormalities
Nursing implications: caution if psychiatric disorder.
Trade Name: Brethine (terbutaline)
Classification: Selective B2 agonist; Bronchodilator
Use(s): Bronchospasm, hyperkalemia, and premature labor.
Action: Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by acting on B2 Adrenergic receptors that relax bronchial smooth muscle.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sympathomimetics, narrow angle glaucoma, tachydysrhythmias.
Side Effects: N/V, palpitations, tachycardia, tremors, nausea, nervousness, headache, and cardiac arrest.
Nursing implications: Assess respiratory function, vitals, and tolerance to treatment, monitor FHT’s, uterine activity
Trade Name: Azulfidine (sulfasalazine)
Classification: Anti-inflammatory
Use(s): Ulcerative colitis, used for rheumatoid arthritis in pt’s who are unresponsive to or intolerant to NSAIDS.
Action: anti-inflammatory in connective tissue. A prodrug that delivers sulfapyridine and 5-aminosalicylic acid to the colon.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides or salicylates, pregnancy @ term, child <2 years old, intestinal/urinary obstruction.
Side Effects: Anaphylaxis, N/V/D, abdominal pain, hepatitis, convulsions, skin and urine discoloration may occur
Nursing implications: Assess kidney function studies, for blood dyscrasis, allergic reaction. Administer after meals
Trade Name: Aminophylline
Classification: Spasmolytic
Use(s): Bronchial asthma, bronchial spasm, Cheyne-Stokes respiration. wheezing
Action: Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, and produces bronchodilation.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to xanthines, tachydysrhythmias
Side Effects: N/V, palpitations, tachycardia, tremors, nausea, nervousness, headache, tachypnea.
Nursing implications: Assess: Theophylline levels, respiratory status, allergic reactions.
Trade Name: Nix (permethrin)Classification: Antiparasitic-Pediculicide
Use(s): Lice, ticks, nits, flea nits
Action: disrupts parasitic nerve cells.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity,
Side Effects: Burning, pruritus, erythema, numbness, tingling.
Nursing implications: Assess for signs of infection. Identify sources of infection.
Trade Name: Kwell (lindane)
Classification: Scabicide, pediculicide.
Use(s): Scabies, Lice, nits.
Action: Stimulates the nervous system of arthropods, causing seizures and death of organism.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity; premature neonate; pt’s with seizure disorders, inflammation of skin, or breaks in skin.
Side Effects: Pruritis, rash, irritation, contact dermatitis, aplastic anemia, seizures
Nursing implications: Assess for organisms prior to/after treatment. Identify sources of infection.
Trade Name: Norplant
Classification: Contraceptive system
Use(s): Prevention of pregnancy for 5 years.
Action: Progestin that inhibits secretion of gonadotropins & prohibits follicular maturation.
Contraindications: , pregnancy, and liver disease/tumors, breast carcinoma.
Side Effects: dizziness, HA, nervousness, vaginitis.
Nursing implications: Assess for jaundice, acne, and menstrual irregularities.
Trade Name: Urecholine (bethanechol)
Classification: Cholinergic stimulant.
Use(s): Urinary retention (postoperative, postpartum); neurogenic atony of the bladder with retention.
Action: Stimulates the muscarinc Ach receptors directly; mimics parasympathetic NS stimulation, stimulates GI motility/Micturition.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, severe Bradycardia, asthma,hypotension, PUD, CAD, COPD.
Side Effects: Rash, N/V/Bloody diarrhea, Cardiac arrest, circulatory collapse, acute asthma, dyspnea, bronchoconstriction.
Nursing implications: Assess vitals, I&O, Assess for abnormalHR/Rhythm and respiratory issues D/C if develop. Give on an empty stomach
Trade Name(s) Xylocaine Classification: Anesthetics local
Use(s): Nerve block for pain
Action: Inhibits conduction of nerve impulses from sensoryNerves.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, application to large areas
Side Effects: Rash, irritation, and sensitization
Nursing implications: Assess pain, assess for any infection, evaluate response, redness, swelling, pain.
Trade Name: Danocrine (danazol)
Classification: androgen
Use(s): endometriosis, fibrocystic breast disease, and prevention of heredity angioedema.
Action: Decreases FSH, LH which leads to amenorrhea / anovulation.
Contraindications: Severe renal/cardiac/hepatic disease, , pregnancy.
Side Effects: Rash, acne, dizziness, mood change, cramps, BP
Nursing implications: Assess K+, mental status, hypercalcemia,
Trade Name(s) Duramorph
Classification: Anesthetics: Opiate analgesic Use(s): Severe painAction: Depresses pain impulse transmission at the spinal
cord level by interacting with opioid receptors.Contraindications: hypersensitivity, addiction, hemorrhage,
bronchial asthma, increased intracranial pressure.Side Effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, headache,
sedation, euphoria, palpitations, bradycardia, change in B/P, n/v, rash, respiratory depression.
Nursing implications: Assess:PainBowel statusI&OVitalsCNSRespiratory depressionAllergic reactions
Trade Name(s) Novocain Classification: Local anestheticUse(s): Spinal, epidermal, periph. nerve block, & perineum,
lower extremities, infiltration.Action: Completes w/ Ca+ for sites in nerve membrane that
controls Na+ transport across the cell membrane; decreases rise of depolarization phase of action potential.
Contraindications: Hypersens., children 12, severe liver disease.Side Effects: Palpatations, tachycardia, tremors, nausea,
nervousness, & HA.Nursing implications: Assess: VS, HFT if used during labor, allergic reactions, rash
urticaria, itching, as well as cardiac status.Administer: Only clear drugs, only with resuscitative equipment
nearby, only use drugs w/o preservatives for epidural or caudal anesthesia.
Trade Name(s) Nesacaine
Classification: Local anesthetic
Use(s): Epidural, peripheral block, caudal anesthesia, &infiltration block.
Action: Competes with calcium for sites in the nerve membranethat control sodium transport. Thus slowing thedepolarization phase of the action potential.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, children <12 years, severeliver disease.
Side Effects: Seizures, loss of consciousness, myocardialdepression, arrest, dysrhythmias, status asthmaticus, respiratory arrest, anaphylaxis.
Nursing implications: VS, FHT’s. Look for allergic reactions.
Trade Name(s) Marcaine
Classification: Local anesthetic
Use(s): Epidural, peripheral block, caudal anesthesia, &Infiltration, block
Action: Block nerve impulses at the point of contact in all kindsof nerves.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity.
Side Effects:Anxiety, dizziness, HA, restlessness, tremor, HTN palpitations, tachycardia, anginal pain.
Nursing implications: Monitor for cyanosis, angina
Trade Name: Vitamin K (aqua mephyton)
Classification: Vitamin K, Fat-soluble vitamin
Use(s): Vitamin K malabsorption, to prevent hemorrhage, prevents hemorrhagic disease
Action: Needed for adequate blood clotting, factors 2, 7, 9, 10
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, severe hepatic disease, last few weeks of pregnancy.
Side Effects: HA, brain damage, hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinuria& hyperbilirubinemia.
Nursing implications: Assess for bleeding (emesis, stools, urine) Check PTT, nutritional status (is K intake adequate?)
Trade Name(s) Demerol (meperidine hydrochloride)
Classification: Opiate analgesic. Narcotic analgesic
Use(s): Pain control
Action: Depresses pain impulse transmission at the spinal cordlevel by interacting with opioid receptors.
Contraindications:: Hypersensitivity, addiction.
Side Effects: Increased ICP, seizures, respiratory depression,drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, headache, sedation, &euphoria
Nursing implications: Assess pain, renal function, I&O, constipation, allergic reaction, respiratory rate, in labor
do not give if delivery is expected within 2-4 hours
Trade Name(s): Stadol (butorphanol)
Classification: Narcotic analgesic, opiate analgesic
Use(s): Moderate to severe pain.
Action: Decreases pain impulse at the spinal cord level byinteracting with opioid receptors.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, addiction, CHF, myocardialinfarction
Side Effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, headache, confusion, sedation, euphoria, n/v, anorexia, constipation, cramps. Respiratory depression, pulmonary HTN.
Nursing implications: Assess pain, decreased output, CNS changes, allergic Rx and respiratory dysfunction.
Trade Name(s): Nubain Classification: Opioid analgesic
Use(s): Moderate to severe pain
Action: Depresses pain impulse transmission at the spinal cordlevel by interacting with opioid receptors.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity and addiction.
Side Effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, HA, sedation,euphoria, N/V, anorexia, constipation, and cramps.
Nursing implications: I&O, CNS changes, dizziness, need formedication, allergic reactions.
Trade Name(s): Narcan (naloxone)
Classification: Opioid antagonist
Use(s): Reverses narcotics, treat respiratory depression caused by narcotics and narcotic overdose
Action: Competes with opioids at opiate receptor sites.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity
Side Effects: Drowsiness, nervousness, Rapid pulse, V-Tach, V-Fib.
Nursing implications: Withdrawal symptoms, respiratory & cardiac
status, pain.
Trade Name: Morphine Sulfate
Classification: Opiate analgesic
Use(s): Severe pain
Action: Depress pain impulse transmission at the spinal cord level by interacting with opioid receptors
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, addiction, hemorrhage, bronchial asthma, increase ICP.
Side Effects:
Nursing implications: Assess need for pain medication, respiratory depression, and allergic reactions. Antidote is Narcan
Trade Name: Versed (midazolam)
Classification: Sedative, hypnotic
Use(s): Pre-op, general induction, sedation for procedures.
Action: Binds to Benzodiazepine receptors, induces amnesia
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, shock, coma, Etoh ingestion, acute narrow angle glaucoma.
Side Effects: Apnea, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, retrograde amnesia
Nursing implications: injection site, vital signs, and signs of apnea
Trade Name: Sublimaze
Classification: Narcotic analgesic
Use(s): Pre-op, post-op, adjunct to general anesthetic
Action: Inhibits ascending pain pathways
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to opiates, myasthenia gravis
Side Effects: Bradycardia, arrest, respiratory depression, respiratory arrest.
Nursing implications: Vital signs
Trade Name: Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment
Classification: Antibacterial
Use(s): prevention of gonococal conjunctivitis and chiamydial conjunctivitis
Action bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal based on concentration and target organism
Contraindications: none
Side Effects: chemical conjunctivitis
Nursing implications: place ½ in. ribbon of ointment in the lower conjunctival sac within 1 hour of delivery
Trade Name: Achromycin ophthalmic ointment
Classification: Antibacterial
Use(s): prevents neisseria gonorrhea, ophthalmic neonatorium
Action bacteriostatic
Contraindications: none
Side Effects: chemical conjunctivitis
Nursing implications: place ½ in. ribbon of ointment in the lower conjunctival sac within 1 hour of delivery
Trade Name: Hepatitis B Vaccine
Classification: Immune Globulin
Use(s): Prevention of Hepatitis B virus in exposed patients
Action: Provides passive immunity to Hepatitis B
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to immune globulins, coagulation disorders
Side Effects: Soreness at injection site, angioedema, anaphylaxis
Nursing implications: For history of anaphylaxis to vaccines.
Trade Name: Toradol (ketorolac)
Classification: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory/nonopioid analgesic.
Use(s): Mild to moderate pain.
Action: Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, analgesic, anti-inflammatory
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, asthma, renal disease, PUD, lactation, CV bleed.
Side Effects: Gi Bleeds, perforation, Dysuria, Hematuria
Nursing implications: For ASA sensitivity, pain characteristics, bleeding time, tinnitus.
Trade/Generic Name: Motrin/Advil/Ibuprofen
Classificationn: NSAID
Use(s): Fever, dental pain, rheumatoid arthritis, musculoskeletal disorders
Action: Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory, antipyretic.
Contraindications: PUD, asthma, and severe renal/hepatic disease.
Side Effects: N/V/D, dizziness, light-headedness, fatigue
Nursing implications: For pain, fever/temp, and for a history of contraindications.
Trade Name: chlorpropamide (Glucamide)100-750mg/dayClassification: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents-1st Generation Sulfonureas
Use(s): Hyperglycemia, Adjunct to diet, exercise to glucose levels w/ Mild to mod.Type 2 DM.
Action: Unk., probably stimulates insulin release from the pancreas. peripheral sensitivity to insulin. Potentiates ADH.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sulfonylureas, juvenile or brittle diabetes, pregnancy, lactation, pregnancy.
Side Effects: parasthesia, fatigue, dizziness, vertigo, malaise, HA, tinnitus, N/V, heartburn, epigastric distress, rash, urticaria.
Nursing implications: caution w/ renal failure, elderly, malnourished, allergy to. Monitor S/S of hypoglycemia.
Trade Name: tolbutamide (Orinase)100-1,000mg/dayClassification: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents-1st Generation Sulfonureas
Use(s): Hyperglycemia, Adjunct to diet, exercise to glucose levels w/ Mild to mod.Type 2 DM.
Action: Unk., probably stimulates insulin release from the pancreas. peripheral sensitivity to insulin.
Contraindications: Hypersens., sole agent for Type 1, pregnant or lactating, DKA.
Side Effects: Hypoglycemia, N/V, cholestasis, rash, pruritis,leukopenia, thrombocytopenia.
Nursing implications: caution w/ renal failure, elderly, malnourished, allergy to. Monitor S/S of hypoglycemia.
Trade Name: acetohexamide (Dymelor)
Classification: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents-1st Generation Sulfonureas
Use(s): Hyperglycemia, Adjunct to diet, exercise to glucose levels w/ Mild to mod.Type 2 DM.
Action: Unk., probably stimulates insulin release from the pancreas. peripheral sensitivity to insulin. Potentiates ADH.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sulfonylureas, juvenile or brittle diabetes, pregnancy, lactation.
Side Effects: Hypoglycemia, N/V, cholestasis, rash, pruritis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia.
Nursing implications: caution w/ renal failure, elderly,malnourished, allergy to. Monitor S/S of hypoglycemia.
Trade Name: tolazamide (Tolinase)
Classification: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents-1st Generation Sulfonureas
Use(s): Hyperglycemia, Adjunct to diet, exercise to glucose levels w/ Mild to mod.Type 2 DM.
Action: Unk., probably stimulates insulin release from the pancreas. peripheral sensitivity to insulin. Potentiates ADH.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sulfonylureas, juvenile or brittle diabetes, pregnancy, lactation, pregnancy
Side Effects: Hypoglycemia, N/V, cholestasis, rash, pruritis,leukopenia, thrombocytopenia.
Nursing implications: caution w/ renal failure, elderly, malnourished, allergy to. Monitor S/S of hypoglycemia.
Trade Name: glipizide (Glucatrol)
Classification: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents-2nd Generation Sulfonureas
Use(s): Stable adult onset DM type II, NIDDM.
Action: Causes functioning pancreas cells to release insulin.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sulfonylureas, juvenile or brittle Diabetes.
Side Effects: N/V/D, headache, dizziness, hepatotoxicity, leukopenia, hemolytic anemia.
Nursing implications: Assess for hypo/hyperglycemic reactionsthat can occur soon after a meal. Assess blood and urine glucose levels after treatment.
Trade Name: glyburide (Diabeta,Micronase)
Classification: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents-2nd Generation Sulfonureas
Use(s): Stable adult onset DM (NIDDM)
Action: Causes functioning Beta cells in the pancreas to release insulin.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to sulfonylureas, juvenile or brittle Diabetes
Side Effects: Headache, weakness, N/V/D, Rash, Hypoglycemia
Nursing implications: Assess for hypo/hyperglycemic reaction that can occur after meals.
Trade Name: Pioglitazone hydrochloride (NDH) (Actos)
Classification: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents-NEW
Use(s): Stable adult onset DM
Action: insulin sensitivity by hepatic glucose metabolism
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to Thiazolidinedione, lactation, children, DKA,
Side Effects: Hypoglycemia, aggravated DM, URTI, Pharyngitis, HA, edema, HDL.
Nursing implications: Assess for Hypo/hyperglycemic reactions, Monitor CBG’s, LFT’s, CBC. Caution w/ CHF.
Trade Name: metformin (Glucophage)
Classification: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents-Biguanides
Use(s): Stable adult onset diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
Action: Inhibits hepatic glucose production and increases sensitivity of insulin dependent cells.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, hepatic, renal disease, alcoholism, cardiopulmonary disease, history of lactic acidosis.
Side Effects: N/V/D, rash, headache, weakness, dizziness.
Nursing implications: Assess for hypo/hyperglycemic reaction, assess CBC, for lactic acidosis.
Trade Name: insulin: Lispro / Lente / Regular/ Semilente/ NPH / Ultralente /70-30 Classification: InsulinsUse(s): DM type I ,ketoacidosis in DM type I & II, PTs. on TPN or G tube feeding. See pharm book for peak, onset and duration times
Action: blood sugar by facilitating the uptake & metabolism if glucose by insulin dependent cells. Also inhibits hepatic glucose production & the breakdown of glycogen, protein & fat, while it promotes the formation of glycogen, protein & triglycerides.
Contraindications: Hypersensitive to protamine, Hypoglycemia, NPO status,
Side Effects: Hypoglycemia, anaphylaxis, hepatotoxicity.Nursing implications: CBG’s (fasting & during treatment),rotate injection sites, Monitor signs of hypoglycemia. Peak times as per pharm book, Regular insulin acts quickly.
Trade Name: rosiglitazone maleate (NDH) (Avandia)
Classification: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents-NEW
Use(s): Stable adult onset DM, NIDDM.
Action: Improves insulin resistance by hepatic glucose metabolism.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to Thiazolidinediones
Side Effects: Hypo/hyperglycemia, fatigue, Headache
Nursing implications: Assess for hypo/hyperglycemic reactions, blood studies
Trade Name: Estrogen/Progesterone (comb.)
Classification: Contraceptives
Use(s): Birth Control.
Action: the release of FSH & LH.
Contraindications: Pregnancy, thrombophlebitis, thromboembolic disorders, estrogen dependent CA of the breast or reproductive organs.
Side Effects: Fluid retention, N/V, cramping, constipation, hyperpigmentation, HTN, risk of MI,
Nursing implications: Monitor for adverse reactions.
Trade Name: glucagon
Classification: Oral hyperglycemic agent (occurs naturally in body also)
Use(s): Sever hypoglycemia, insulin antagonist
Action: Converts hepatic glycogen to glucose.
Contraindications: hypoglycemia,
Side Effects: Hypersens., Pt. W/ pheochromocytoma, hyperglycemia, hypotension, N/V, urticaria, resp. distress.
Nursing implications: Monitor CBG’s, VS, S/S of hyperglycemia. Initial dose is IM effect in 5-20 minutes. IV for severe hypoglycemia. Destroyed by the GI tract.
Trade Name: Progesterone only
Classification: Progesterone
Use(s): Contraception, amenorrhea, PMS, abnormal uterine bleeding.
Action: Inhibits secretion of pituitary gonadotropins, which prevents follicular maturation.
Contraindications: Breast CA, pregnancy, thrombolytic disorders.
Side Effects: Dizziness, HA, migraine, fatigue, depression, stroke, embolism, MI, spontaneous Abortion
Nursing implications: Assess Weight, B/P, I&O, edema, HTN.
Trade Name: Depo-Provera
Classification: Antineoplastic, hormone
Use(s): Uterine bleeding, endometrial / renal cancer, and secondary amenorrhea
Action: Inhibits secretion of pituitary gonadotropins, which prevents maturation and ovulation.
Contraindications: Breast/reproductive CA, , pregnancy, thrombolytic disorders.
Side Effects: Stroke, PE, MI, N/V, spontaneous AB.
Nursing implications: Assess Weight, B/P, I&O, edema, HTN.
Trade Name: Norplant (559-560)
Trade Name: Ergotrate Maleate
Classification: Oxytocic
Use(s): Postpartum or postabortion hemorrhage
Action: Stimulates uterine contractions and vascular smooth muscle, decreases bleeding.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to ergot medications, augmentation of labor, before delivery of placenta, threatened AB
Side Effects: Headache, dizziness, fainting, HTN, Chest pain, N/V
Nursing implications: Assess for ergotism, vitals, and fundal tone.
Trade Name: RU486 (mifepristone)
Classification: ContraceptivesDose: 600 mg PO Use(s): Early Pregnancy Termination
Action: Inhibits progesterone receptors.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, ectopic preg., IUD use, anticoagulants, cortico-steriods, chronic adrenal failure, bleeding disorder.
Side Effects: Incomplete abortion, hemorrhage fetal malformation, vag. Bleeding, abd cramps, abd pain, N/V, HA,
Nursing implications: Monitor for adverse reactions.
Trade Name: Nupercainal Ointment
Classification: Topical anesthetics
Use(s): Minor external irritation
Action: Inhibits the conduction of nerve impulses from sensory nerves
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, large areas, Less than 1 year old.
Side Effects: Rash, irritation, and sensitization
Nursing implications: Assess pain, do not use until infection is treated, remove any scales or crust before applying medication
Trade/generic: Methergine (methylergonovine maleate)
Class: Oxytocic, Uterine Motility Agent: Ergot Alkaloid
Ind: Treatment of PPH or postabortion, uterine contractions, uterine atont
Route: PO, IM, PRAction: Stimulates uterine, vascular, smooth muscle, causing contractions & bleeding
Contra: Hypersensitivity to ergot preparations, in labor, before delivery of placenta, hypertension, PID,.
S/E: N/V, HA, dizziness, dyspnea, cramping, chest pain, hypertension & dysrhythmias
RN: monitor vitals, character & amt. of vag.bdg & watch for hemorrhage.
Trade Name: Epifoam
Classification: Topical Glucocorticoids
Use(s): Contact dermatitis
Action: Antipruritic, anti-inflammatory
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, viral and fungal infections.
Side Effects: Acne, atrophy, epidermal thinning, purpura, and striae.
Nursing implications: Assess for a temperature, and for systemic absorption leading to a temperature.
Trade Name: Syntocinon Nasal Spray
Classification: Oxytocic
Use(s): Stimulation or induction of labor; missed or incomplete abortion; postpartum bleeding.
Action: Acts directly on myofibrils, producing uterine contractions; stimulates milk ejection by the breast.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, serum toxicity, fetal distress, and hypertonic uterus.
Side Effects: convulsions, tetanic contractions. Hypo/Hyper-tension, Brady/tachy-cardia, abruptio placenta, decreased uterine blood flow.
Nursing implications: I&O, respiration, B/P and pulse (watch for hemorrhage) Length of contractions.
Trade Name: Colace
Classification: Laxative, emollient
Use(s): To soften stools
Action: Increases water and fat penetration in the intestine; allows for easier passage of the stool
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, obstruction, fecal impaction, and nausea/vomiting.
Side Effects: Nausea, cramps, diarrhea, rash, bitter taste, throat irritation.
Nursing implications: Causes of constipation, bleeding, N/V
Trade Name: Proctofoam
Classification: Topical anesthetics
Use(s): Rectal pain and itching, post partum hemorrhoids
Action: Inhibits conduction of nerve impulses
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, infants less than 1 year of age.
Side Effects: Rash, irritation, and sensitization.
Nursing implications: Assess for pain and infection.
Trade Name: Surfak
Classification: Laxative, emollient
Use(s): To soften stools
Action: Increases water and fat penetration in the intestine; allows for easier passage of the stool
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, obstruction, fecal impaction, and nausea/vomiting.
Side Effects: Nausea, cramps, diarrhea, rash, bitter taste, throat irritation.
Nursing implications: Causes of constipation, bleeding, N/V.
Trade Name: Zantac
Classification: H2-histamine receptor antagonist
Use(s): Duodenal ulcer, H. Pylori, ERD
Action: Inhibits histamine sites, which ceases acid production
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity
Side Effects: HA, Sleeplessness, confusion, hepatotoxicity.
Nursing implications: I&O, Bun, Creatine, mental status, GI complaints.
Trade Name: Rubella Vaccine
Classification: Vaccines & toxoids
Use(s): Rubella immunization
Action: Promotes immunity by causing antibodies to be produced.
Contraindications: immunosuppressed, CA, blood dyscrasia, GG disorders, TB, do not get pregnant for 3 months Side Effects: HA, malaise, rash, pain, erythema, sore throat,
Nursing implications: Watch for anaphylaxis. Give SQ
Trade Name: Dulcolax
Classification: Laxative, stimulant
Use(s): Short term treatment of constipation, bowel or rectal preparation for surgery/examination
Action: Acts directly on the intestines by increasing motor activity
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, rectal problems, N/V, acute abdomen, obstruction
Side Effects: muscle weakness, N/V, cramps
Nursing implications: Assess cause of constipation, monitor blood/urine/electrolytes if used often by the patient. Assess for cramping or rectal bleeding.
Trade Name(s): Yutopar ( ritodrine)
Class: Tocolytic, uterine relaxant.
Ind: Management of premature labor.
Route: PO, IV
Action: frequency & intensity of uterine contractionsby stimulating beta-2 receptors in uterine smooth muscle.
Contra: hypersens, eclampsia, HTN, dysrhythmias, before 20th week of pregnancy, bronchial asthma.
S/E: Erythema, rash, dyspnea, hyperventilation, glycosuria, lactic acidosis, hyperglycemia, Hypokalemia, nervousness, tremors.
RN: Maternal & FHT, EKG, intensity & length of contractions, fluid intake.
Trade Name: RhoGAM
Classification: Immunizing agent
Use(s): Prevention of isoimmunization in Rh negative women who are given Rh positive blood after abortions, miscarriages, and amniocentesisSuppress active antibiody response and formation of anti-Rh(D) in Rh negative clients exposed to Rh positive blood, promotes destruction of Rh positive fetal cells
Action: Suppress the immune response of non-sensitized Rh cells, to sensitized cells, , blocks maternal antibody prodction
Contraindications: Previous immunization with the drug
Side Effects: Irritation at injection site, fever, lethargy, myalgia
Nursing implications: For allergic reactions,
Trade/generic: Pitocin (oxytocin) Syntocinon
Class: Oxytocic
Route: IM, IV, spray
Ind: Stimulates or induces labor; for missed or incomplete Abortion, PPH, preeclampsia, eclampsia, PROM.
Action: Acts directly on myofibrils, producing uterine contractions; stimulates milk ejection by the breast.
Contra: Hypers., serum toxemia, fetal distress, hypert. uterus, PPH, GI disturbance, diapheresis, HA, dizziness.
S/E: Convulsions, tetanic contractions, abruptio placenta, uterine blood flow
RN: I&O, VS, FHT’s
Trade Name(s): Magnesium Sulfate
Classification: Electrolyte, anticonvulsant
Use(s): Smooth muscle relaxant, inhibit or prevent pre-term labor ,uterine hyperstimulation, anticonvulsant
Action:
Contraindications:
Side Effects: Muscle weakness, flushing, sweating, confusion,sedation, depressed reflexes, flaccidity, paralysis, hypothermia, nausea, vomiting, cramps, hypotension,heart block, circulatory collapse.
Nursing implications: Assess for magnesium toxicity, cramping,bleeding. In PIH prevents seizures. Calcium gluconate is the
antagonist.
Trade Name: MMR vaccine
Classification: vaccine
Use(s): prevention of measles, mumps, and rubella
Action: produces antibodies to measles, mumps and rubella
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, anemia, active infection, allergy to eggs/chickens, pregnancy, febrile illness.
Side Effects: anaphylaxis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, and blindness associated with optic neuritis
Nursing implications: Watch for skin reactions and anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, inability to breathe, must dilute with specific diluent that comes with the medication. Instruct female patients not to get pregnant for 3 months
Trade Name(s): Prostaglandin
Classification: hormone
Use(s): To maintain patent ductus arteriosus
Action: Relaxes the smooth muscle of the ductus arteriosus; this results in increased o2 content in the body
Contraindications: hypersensitivity, respiratory distress syndrome.
Side Effects: Sepsis, peritonitis, apnea, bradycardia, wheezing,respiratory depression, DIC, cerebral bleed, dysrhythmias
Nursing implications: ABG’s, apnea, bradycardia
Gen./Trade Name: Vitamins A, D, E, K
Classification: fat soluble
Use(s): A-night blindness, D-maintains Ca & P homeostasis, E-antioxidant platelet aggregation, K-clotting factors.
Action: Catalysts for biochemical and metabolic reactions.
Contraindications:
Side Effects: Anaphylaxis, N/V, fatigue, weakness, HA. dizziness, lethargy.
Nursing implications: monitor bilirubin, hypersensitivity, bleeding, PT times.
Trade Name: DPT vaccine
Classification: Vaccine, toxoid
Use(s): Prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.
Action: Provides immunity by stimulating antibody/antitoxin production.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, active infection, immunosuppression, and febrile illness
Side Effects: seizures, N/V, anaphylaxis, encephalopathy
Nursing implications: for skin reactions, inability to breath, bronchospasm.
Trade Name: Iron
Classification: Vitamin
Use(s): To prevent maternal deficiency.
Action: Replaces iron stores needed for RBC development
Contraindications:
Side Effects: N/V/D, constipation, black or red tarry stools, epigastric pain.
Nursing implications: Liquid forms should be diluted to prevent discoloration of teeth.
Gen./Trade Name: bile salts (Bilron)
Classification: Digestive agents
Use(s): Initiate bile flow from the liver. Once used to treat pts. w/ biliary fistula & resection of the ileum. Used infrequently today.
Action: Bile salts are converted to cholic acid & chenodeoxycholic acid. They conjugate w/ glycerine & taurine to form bile acids. Then the salts of the bile acids are secreted in the bile.
Contraindications: Hepatic dysfunction, obstruction, N/V, abd. pain.
Side Effects: Abd. cramping, diarrhea, MM resistance to acid, colic, HCl can damage tooth enamel
RN implications: Monitor for abd pain, colic.
Trade Name: Reglan
Classification: cholinergic
Use(s): prevention of nausea and vomiting.
Action: blocks dopamine in the chemoreceptor trigger zone
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to this drug or procainamide, seizure disorders, breast cancer
Side Effects: Sedation, fatigue, restlessness, neutropenia, leukopenia.
Nursing implications: Mental status, GI complaints.
Vitamins B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3, (niacin), B6
(pyridoxine), nicotinamide, C (ascorbic acid)
Classification: Water Soluble
Use(s): B1 -beriberi, B2 -skin, eyes, B3-pellagra, B6 seizures, C-scurvy Action: Catalysts for biochemical and metabolic reactions.
Contraindications:
Side Effects: Generally water soluble vitamins are nontoxic b/c excesses are excreted in urine.
Nursing implications: Monitor for S/S of allergic reactions to parenteral thiamine.
Trade Name: Zofran (ondansetron)
Classification: Antiemetic
Use(s): Prevention of N/V
Action: Blocks serotonin
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity
Side Effects: Diarrhea, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue.
Nursing implications: For hypersensitivity
Trade Name: Folic Acid
Classification: Vitamin
Use(s): To assist with a normal pregnancy.
Action:
Contraindications:
Side Effects: Allergic bronchospasm, rash, Pruritis, Erythema, malaise.
Nursing implications: A client trying to get pregnant should take folic acid 3-6 months before conception.
Trade Name: Atropine Sulfate
Classification: Antidysrhythmic, anticholinergic, parasympatholytic
Use(s): Bradycardias, blocks vagal response, pre-surgery to decrease secretions, increase heart rate and dilate pupils
Action: Blocks ACH at parasympathetic receptors, decreases oral and respiratory secretions, muscarinic antagonist drug
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to belladonna alkaloids, tachycardia, GI obstruction, closed angle glaucoma, paralytic ileus
Side Effects: Dry mouth, n/v tachycardia, blurred vision, decrease perspiration, constipation, urinary retention
Nursing implications: I&O, EKG, respiratory status
Trade Name: Calcium
Classification: Electrolyte
Use(s): To manage hypocalcemia, to prevent deficits.
Action:
Contraindications: Hypercalcemia, renal calculi, dig toxicity, V-Fib.
Side Effects: N/V, pain, constipation, drowsiness, muscle weakness, HA.
Nursing implications: Assess the need for Calcium intake.
Trade Name: Riopan
Classification: Antacid
Use(s): Antacid, PUD, gastric ulcers, indigestion.
Action: Neutralizes gastric acidity.
Contraindications: hypersensitivity to this drug or aluminum
Side Effects: Constipation, diarrhea, hypermagnesemia
Nursing implications: GI status, Serum MG++ Levels if decreased liver function. Give after meals and atbedtime
Trade Name: Antivert (meclizine)
Classification: Antiemetic, antihistamine, anticholinergic
Use(s): Vertigo, motion sickness
Action: Acts by blocking the chemoreceptor trigger zone
Contraindications: hypersensitivity to cyclizines, shock.
Side Effects: Drowsiness, fatigue
Nursing implications: V/S, signs of toxicity
Trade Name: Anectine
Classification: Neuromuscular blocker
Use(s): Skeletal muscle relaxant
Action: Inhibits transmission of nerve impulses
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, Malignant hypothermia, penetrating eye injuries.
Side Effects: Sinus arrest, dysrhythmias, prolonged apnea, bronchospasm.
Nursing implications: Electrolyte imbalances, I&O ratio, allergic reactions.
Trade Name: Inapsine
Classification: neuroleptic
Use(s): postoperatively for N/V
Action: Acts on CNS at subcortical level, produces, tranquilization, sleep, Antiemetic.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, child <2 years old, pregnancy, lactation.
Side Effects: Laryngospasm, bronchospasm, Tachycardia, hypotension.
Nursing implications: Vital signs.
Trade Name: Tagamet
Classification: H2-histamine receptor antagonist
Use(s): Short term treatment of GERD, duodenal and gastric ulcers
Action: Inhibits histamine at the gastric acid site which inhibits secretion
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity
Side Effects: Convulsions, paralytic ileus, jaundice, neutropenia, increased PTT.
Nursing implications: Assess I&O, bun, Creatine, and a CBC with differential monthly.
Trade Name: Kytril (granisetron)
Classification: Antiemetic
Use(s): Prevention of N/V
Action: Blocks serotonin
Contraindications: hypersensitivity
Side Effects: HA, anxiety, bronchospasm, leukopenia
Nursing implications: For Hypersensitivity reactions
Trade Name: Robinul (glycopyrrolate)
Classification: Cholinergic blocker, anticholinergic
Use(s): decreases secretions before surgery, PUD, Irritable bowel, reduces gastric secretions
Action: Inhibits Ach in the autonomic nervous system
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, narrow angle glaucoma, child <3 Y.O., MI.
Side Effects: Dry mouth, constipation.
Nursing implications: I&O, constipation, mental status.
Trade Name: Gelsolin
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Trade Name: Triple Dye
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Trade Name: Multi-Vitamins
Classification: Vitamins
Use(s): To prevent birth defects
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Trade Name: Silver nitrate Solution
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Trade Name: Bicitra
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Use(s): Treating metabolic acidosis and certain kidney problems (eg, kidney stones).Action:
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Trade Name: Dermoplast
Classification: OTC
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Trade Name: Americain Spray
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Trade Name: Tucks
Classification: Astringents-OTC
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Trade Name: Witch Hazel
Classification: Astringents-OTC
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