Clemson UniversityTigerPrints

Environmental Studies Clemson University Digital Press

2013

100 Years of Clemson Architecture: SouthernRoots + Global ReachPeter L. Laurence

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Recommended Citation100 Years of Clemson Architecture: Southern Roots + Global Reach, edited by Peter L. Laurence (Clemson, SC: Clemson UniversityDigital Press, 2013), 20 pp. (illus.), in foldout format and with supplemental documents in side pocket. (Not fully reproduced inonline edition.) ISBN 978-0-9890826-4-8

Genoa1973Harlan McClure, the CAF and key donors create Charles E. Daniel Center for Building Research and Urban Studies, Genoa, Italy. Prof. Cesare Fera, director, 1973-95

Genoa1975-95 Guiseppe Gerster; annual visiting critic/Switzerland

Genoa1975-95 Guiseppe Gerster, annual visiting critic / Switzerland

1961 Elizabeth Parks Booker becomes the first woman to complete the B.Arch. at Clemson.

CLEMSON 1928New engineering building (Riggs Hall)

CLEMSON 1957Riggs Hall

GENOA 1972The Villa

CLEMSON 1913Engineering building

Engineering BuildingClemson1913

However, the materials came together to create a building with global reach: The building’s inspirations, Lee noted, were “the villas of Rome and Florence, of sunny Italy.”

Riggs would be home for the Department of Architecture from 1933 until the opening of Lee Hall in 1958. Representing growth and disciplinary independence, the new building coincided with the establishment of the School of Architecture. Designed by Harlan McClure, who served as director and dean from 1955 to 1984, Lee Hall symbolized the modernization of the school, the college and the state. The move from Beaux-Arts Riggs Hall to modernist Lee Hall — a shift, in retrospect, from one international style to another — did not change the school’s geographic networks.

Born in Chattanooga, Tenn., Harlan McClure (1916-2001) had Southern roots and a broad intellectual horizon. With degrees from George Washington University and MIT, McClure studied at the Royal Swedish Academy and taught at the Architectural Association in London before leaving the University of Minnesota for Clemson. As dean, he hired faculty educated at Clemson, across the U.S. and overseas. His creation of the Clemson Architectural Foundation advanced the similar mission of bringing distinguished thinkers to the school from around the world. In 1972, McClure would take the decisive step of establishing the Daniel Center (“the Villa”) in Genoa, Italy, the first satellite of the school’s “Fluid Campus.”

The decades following McClure’s direction have seen the continued growth of the school, in Clemson and beyond, under new leadership. The Clemson Architecture Center in Charleston, celebrating its 25th year, was established in 1988 by then-Dean James F. Barker, FAIA (’70). A decade later, department chair José Cabán (’67) established the school’s third urban center in Barcelona. Forty years since the first group of students occupied the Villa, thousands more have expanded their Clemson roots through the global reach of the Fluid Campus.

Today, a geographically diverse faculty and student body study architecture in great works of architecture, including the new and award-winning Lee III, on four fluidly connected campuses. As its faculty, students and buildings have in the past, Clemson’s School of Architecture draws in and reaches out to distant horizons from Southern roots.

by Peter L. Laurence, Ph.D., assistant professor

Since its first year of instruction in 1913, architectural education at Clemson has been mindful of its geographies — its connections and relationships to both the state of South Carolina and to the wider world.

Already looking beyond state borders, Rudolph Lee (1874-1959) established architectural education at Clemson to answer “an increasing demand in the South for men trained in architectural design, building construction and allied subjects.” Like this mission, Lee had Southern roots: Born in nearby Anderson, S.C., he was an engineering graduate of Clemson’s first class of 1896. However, studies also took him to Cornell and the University of Pennsylvania. The combination of polytechnic and Beaux-Arts training and awareness of national developments in architectural education informed the development of degree programs and faculty hires during Lee’s tenure, which spanned from 1896 to 1948. During these years, faculty were trained at Clemson and Northeast schools, like Lee, and also in Europe. Similar to Lee’s description of his new engineering building (now Riggs Hall) in 1927, architecture at Clemson was primarily a “Southern product, largely of our own state materials.”

Riggs Hall_Rudolph E. LeeClemson1928

Clemson1957Lee I_Harlan McClure

STUDENT WORK

FLUID CAMPUS

PRESIDENTSDEANSCHAIRMENFACULTY

ARCHITECTURE AT CLEMSON

ARCHITECTURAL TRENDS

ALUMNI WORK

WORLD WAR I 1914-1918

“If the architect isn’t made aware of his role as a servant of humanity and of the broadening problems which this implies

during his scholastic career, there is a very small chance that he will be inspired to the highest levels once he is engaged

in practice.” — Harlan McClure

1955, Journal of Architectural Education

“The ideals formed in childhood from environment and daily associations go with the child through life, and ideals of correct living formed in school will be a powerful agency in determining the future home and public life of the men and women.”— Rudolph E. Lee 1917, Rural School Buildings

1910 1920 1930 1960 19701913 Clemson Architecture Program Established

1933 Clemson Department of Architecture Established URBAN RENEWAL ERA BEGINS

1958 Clemson School of Architecture Established1940 1950• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1910 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1920 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1930 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1940 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1950 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1960 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1970 1 2 3 4 5

1939-45, WORLD WAR II

1933 Department of Architecture Program Established

1971 College of Architecture Established

1920 U.S. women are granted voting rights. 1929 The Great Depression begins.1939 The first commercial flight is made over the Atlantic. 1945 The first computer (ENIAC) is developed. 1952 Polio vaccine is created. 1954 Segregation is ruled illegal in the U.S.

1954 The Vietnam War begins. 1957 Sputnik is launched.1958 The LEGO toy brick is introduced. 1962 The first Wal-Mart opens. 1964 The U.S. Civil Rights Act is signed. 1969 The first man walks on the moon.

1949 NATO is established.1950 The Korean War begins.

1916Drawing studio

circa 1916 Architecture Woodshop Louis Kahn and Gayland B.

Witherspoon

1974Student with space frame model

Harlan McClureRudolph Lee

1918Architecture studio in Mechanical Hall 1926

Mechanical Hall is destroyed by fire.

1921Engineering drafting room

1928Riggs HallRudolph Lee

1937Long Hall Rudolph Lee

1940Clemson Field House (now Fike Recreation Center) Rudolph Lee

1937Sirrine Hall construction

1930 Architecture woodshop

1941Outdoor Theater Leon LeGrand ’15/WPA

Riggs Hall drawing studio

1975First-year wire frame project

1975 First Federal Savings & LoanFreeman, Wells and Major Architects

Jim Barker

Cadets study in the library in Sikes Hall.

Riggs Hall studio

Architecture students practice field sketching.

Architecture + Health1968 George Means forms the Health Care Facilities Planning and Design Studio [HFP&DS].

Architecture + Health1968-1980 The HFP&DS works with the S.C. Department of Mental Health to plan, design and implement the S.C. Community Mental Health System. It became know as the “Village System” for its in-novative concept. It included the design of the Alcohol and Drug Addiction Center, Village A in Columbia and Village B in Anderson.

Architecture + Health1970 Program has first official graduates.

1912

New FacultySimons, Albert | Wolcott, Wallace | Wolcott, Rosamond | Thomson, John | Marvin, Roy

New FacultyLange, David

Acting PresidentSamual Broadus Earle 1924-1925

PresidentEnoch Walter Sikes1925-1940

HeadRudolph E. Lee1933-1948

PresidentRobert Franklin Poole 1940-1958

New FacultyTupper, James | Fernow, Bernice | Petroff, Gilmer | Haigler, Jess | St. Hubert, Robert | McCulloch, John | Gates, John | Dillon, Robert | Longstreet, Robert | McMillin, Harry | Putnam, Samuel | Shepard, Wayne | Wilkins, Richard | Booker, Melzar

HeadJohn Hobart Gates1948-1954

New FacultyGunnin, Emery | Ellner, Anthony Jr. | Means, George Jr. | Speer, William | Gunther, George | Stakely, James | Young, Joseph | Graves, Charles

Acting HeadEmery Aaron Gunnin1954-1955

HeadHarlan Ewart McClure1955-1958

New FacultyMcClure, Harlan | Page, Clayton | Cooledge, Harold Jr. | Brady, | Hunter, Robert | Minton | Weatherill, Ewart | Craig, Kirk | Gordon, Elbridge

PresidentRobert Cook Edwards 1958-1979

DeanHarlan E McClure, dean 1958-71

New FacultyMarshall, Clifton | Acorn, John | Kaufmann, Anders | Pinckney, John | Reep, Richard | Regnier, Ireland | Rogers, John | Sappenfiled, Charles | Russo, Kenneth | Howe, Harold Jr.| Morris, Frank | Hodges, Vernon

New FacultyButera, Luigi | England, Robert | Knowland, Ralph | Lee, Peter | Wells, Joseph | Williamson, Horace | Carpenter, Kenneth | Dalton, James | Wang, Samuel | Washburn, James | Carter, Syd-ney | Falk, Edward | Brown, Lamar | Carmichael, Peter | Kapelis, Zigurts | Melaragno, Michele | Clement, Jerry | Waddell, Donald | Doruk, Teoman | Rowe, Geoffrey | Bray, Raymond Derwood

Acting DeanRobert Howard Hunter1971-72

New FacultyClark, Aiken | Cetto, Max | Mooney, Kemp | Turner, Thomas Jr. | Witherspoon, Gayland | McPeak, Thomas | Phillips, William | Gerster, Giuseppe | Eflin, Robert | Collins, Donald | Varenhorst, Glenn | Egan, Martin | Gantt, Harvey | Hutchinson, David | Macgregor, Alexander | Chartier, Robert | Fera, Cesare | Patterson, Gordon

DeanHarlan E McClure, 1971-84

PresidentWalter Merritt Riggs 1910-1924

HeadRudolph E. Lee1900-1933

FacultyLee, Rudolph E. | Klugh, Williston | Harris, David | Birch, Mahlon

New FacultyCrowgey, Julian | Siegler, Maurice | Freer, Kenneth H. | Hartell, John | Hodge, Wylie | Schuholz, Roland | Johnson, Clarence | Little, Sidney | Anderson, Robert

New FacultyFitz Patrick, Thomas | Hoffman, Gilbert | McCulloch, John | Parrot | Wiss, Henry

Rosamond WolcottFirst woman to become a faculty member in architecture

Gayland B. Witherspoonfirst head of architecture in the new college

1928New engineering building (Riggs Hall) is completed

1958 Lee Hall courtyardHarlan E. McClure

1961Architects’ OfficeTarleton & Tankersley, Architects

Robert Hunter (left) and Harold Cooledge during Lee Hall construction

1966Plantation Club-CarkernWiggins and Associates

1965 Terminal at Columbia Metropolitan AirportPhelps Bultman, AIA

David Watson and J.C. Littlejohn, Clemson Field House construction

1962-64 Joe Young lectures in Lee Hall studio.

L to R: Mac Ogburn, John Oakley, Ted Petoskey

1963Architecture students, including José Cabán

circa 1962 Architecture faculty group portrait

1969Duke Visitors’ CenterFreeman, Wells and Major Architects

1968 Jim Barker talks with classmates.

Peter Lee with stu-dent Cynthia Davis

1972Student Thom Penney presents Beaufort Town Center.

The Villa

1916 YMCA/Holtzendorff HallRudolph Lee

1917 Convenient and Attractive School BuildingsRudolph Lee (from Special Collections)

1914Rural School BuildingsRudolph Lee

Vernon Hodges talks with students.

L to R: Frank Alexander, Charles Carson, Mahmoud Maheronnaghsh, Robert Dickenson

circa 1917Cadets taking a break in Holtzendorff Hall

Lee Hall soon after completion

1958Home for the AgingJames E. Matthews

1958Piedmont Airport, Greenville, S.C.Fredrick Towers

1958Marina for Hilton Head, S.C.William G. Faris

1959Secondary School, Walhalla, S.C.David Miley

1959Secondary School, Walhalla, S.C.David Miley

1960Forest Lake Club House, Columbia South CarolinaRobert Kennedy Jr.

1962Catholic Church Complex, Easley, S.C.Jackie H. Lee

1963Town Plan, Beaufort, S.C.

1968YMCA, Charleston, S.C.Robert C. London

1970 Dormitory DesignJohn T. Jeffers 1976

Convention Facility for Hilton Head, S.C.Ashby Gressette

1965Students, including Harvey Gantt, work on a small house project.

1970 News-Piedmont Offices and PlantJ.E. Sirrine Company

1970 Miller F. Whittaker LibraryLyles, Bissett, Carlisle & Wolff

1865 First American school of architecture is founded at MIT.Polytechnic education and École des Beaux-Arts education models become prevalent.

1880 Beaux-Arts, Art Nouveau, Richardsonian Romanesque, Victorian and other eclectic styles become prevalent.

1884 First high-rise building is built in Chicago.

1846 American architect Richard Morris Hunt, founder of AIA, is trained at École des Beaux Arts.

1857 AIA is founded.

Morrill Land Grant ActSigned in 1862, this results in a great number of new engineering schools in the U.S., including Clemson’s program.

1907 Deutscher Werkbund is founded.

1909 Adolf Loos designs Goldmann & Salatsch Building, Vienna.

1910 F.L. Wright creates Robie House.

1925Walter Gropius’s Dessau Bauhaus is completed.

1928Adolf Loos designs Villa Müller.

1929 Henry-Russell Hitchcock coins term “international style” in Modern Architecture: Romanticism and Reintegration.

1930 Art Deco and Streamline styles are popularized.

William Van Alen designs Chrysler Building.

1935 Joseph Hudnut becomes dean of Harvard School of Design, bringing together architecture, landscape architecture, and city and regional planning.

Le Corbusier visits the U.S. 1937

F.L. Wright’s Fallingwater is built.

1938 Mies van der Rohe becomes head of architecture department at Chicago’s Armour Institute.

1889 Eiffel Tower rises 1,063 feet over Paris.

1893 Columbian Exposition opens in Chicago.Society of Beaux-Arts Architects (USA) is founded.

1902 AIA requires new members to hold degrees from approved schools.

Otto Wagner publishes Modern Architecture.

1919 Bauhaus is founded by Walter Gropius.

1920 Constructivism

1923 Modernist theory of “pure design” is promoted at University of Michigan.

Le Corbusier publishes Vers une architecture.

1927 Le Corbusier’s Towards a New Architecture is translated.

1931 Shreve, Lamb and Harmon design Empire State Building.

1932 “Modern Architecture: International Exhibition,” MOMA

1933 Josef Albers, formerly of Bauhaus, becomes director of Black Mountain College.

1936 Hudnut invites Walter Gropius to Harvard.

1941 Sigfried Giedion’s Space, Time and Architecture is published.

1944 GI Bill supports veterans’ education, expanding enrollments.

Anne Tyng is among first women to graduate at Harvard Graduate School of Design.

1947 J.M. Richards writes about “The New Empiricism” and modernist regionalism.

1952 Gropius resigns from Harvard following conflicts with Hudnut over architectural history and urban culture.

1948Georgia Tech follows the Harvard model and declares a “shift to modern.”

1949 U.S. Housing Act of 1949 funds slum clearance.

The Architectural Review launches the Townscape movement.

1950Giedion, Mumford, Wurster and others promote New Humanism focused on regional adaptations.

1955 Rowe and Slutzky publish “Transparency: Literal and Phenomenal.”

1959 CIAM is disbanded by “Team 10” at Otterlo meeting.

1960 Kevin Lynch’s The Image of the City is published.

1961 Jane Jacobs’s The Death and Life of Great American Cities is published.

1962 Allison Smithson, Team X Primer

Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, inaugurates environmental movement.

1964“Architecture without Architects” exhibition opens at MOMA.

1966 Robert Venturi writes Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture.

1968 Steward Brand writes Whole Earth Catalogue.

1969Foreign study programs in Rome are launched by Notre Dame and University of Washington. (1970)

1971 World Trade Center is built.

1972 Demolition of Pruitt-Igoe is later described by Charles Jencks as “death of modern architecture” and beginning of postmodernism.

1970 First “Earth Day”

1973Venturi, Scott Brown and Izenour’s Learning from Las Vegas is published.

The Sears Tower is completed in Chicago.

1975The architecture of the Ecole des Beaux-Arts exhibition opens at MOMA.

GENOA CENTER ESTABLISHED

1912 Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture is founded.

1913 Cass Gilbert’s Woolworth Building, is the tallest in the world.

1914Beaux-Arts model is abandoned at University of Oregon.

1917De Stijl

1924 Gerrit Rietveld’s Schröder House is built.

1967Geddes and Spring write A Study of Education for Environmental Design.

1893 Clemson Agricultural College Founded

1896 Rudolph E. Lee graduates from Department of Engineering with Clemson’s first class.

1900 Department of Engineering’s Drawing and Design Division is established.

1914 Division of Drawing and Architectural Engineering (Dept. of Engineering) are established.

1932Architecture Division (Dept. of Engineering) is established.

“Classical Elements of Architecture” course and French are dropped.

1935Five-year Bachelor of Architecture is offered in addition to four-year B.S.

1946“Elements of Architecture” is listed again. “Architectural Design” becomes freshman course. Reinforced concrete, economics and sociology are added to course listings.

Domestic architecture and fifth-year thesis are added to course catalog.

1955Harlan McClure becomes new director of Department of Architecture.

1958School of Architecture is established July 1, 1958, with Harlan McClure as deanSchool’s new mission refers to the Vitruvian triad of firmness, commodity and delight.

“Graphics” is replaced by “Basic Design.”

Lee Hall, named for Rudolph Lee, opens.

1963Harvey B. Gantt becomes first African-American student at Clemson.“Architectural Computations” is added to course listings.

1967“4 + 2” program is established.McClure becomes secretary of NAAB.

New emphasis is placed on contributions to building industry.

“Environmental Technology” is added to the curriculum.

1971 Architecture at ClemsonCollege of Architecture is established with McClure as dean. Joe Young, becomes head of S.C. chapter of AIA.

1912 Degree in architectural engineering, (Department of Engineering, Division of Drawing and Design) is established by Rudolph E. Lee.

1917 Division of Architecture and Drawing (Dept. of Engineering) is established.

“Descriptive Geometry” is introduced to the freshman class and “Architectural Design” to the senior class.

1923Designing “the organism of a building” is promoted. Classically oriented “Elements of Architecture” course is added for freshmen and “Architecture Design” for sophomores. French is encouraged as Beaux-Arts model remains prevalent.

1948Curriculum is modernized after new director John Gates visits Illinois, Purdue, Carnegie Tech, Penn State, Yale, Cornell and Virginia.

Classical “Elements of Architecture” and “Descriptive Geometry” are replaced by “Graphics,” and content of “Architectural Design” is changed. “City Planning” is added to the course listing.

Student chapter of AIA produces The Clemson Architect, student journal.

1957Harlan McClure becomes secretary of ACSA.

1972Departments of Design Studies, Building Science, Planning Studies, and History & Visual Studies are established. Louis Kahn receives Clemson’s Tau Sigma Delta Award.

Professors Gunnin, Ellner & Speer during Lee Hall construction.

The B.A. (preprofessional) is inaugurated.

The M.Arch is introduced as “the first professional degree.”

1943 Enrollment begins to plunge as students and faculty join the war effort.

1956Clemson Architectural Foundation is launched.

Full architecture accreditation is achieved.

First coordinated fifth-year class is held.

“Visual Arts Lab” is added to the course list.

1933 Department of Architecture is created with Rudolph Lee as department head.

Yearbook photo of architecture students

2012Lee III_Thomas Phifer and Partners

Clemson

?Barcelona1999

12 Bull StreetCharleston1988

Charleston1988 First class at the Clemson University Architecture Center at the College of Charleston.

Genoa1988-94 Distinguished Visiting Critics Program is established at all campus locations. Antoine Predock, Thom Mayne, Sambo Mockbee, Charlie Menefee (Clark + Menefee), Merrill Elam (Scoggin/Elam/Bray).

90s TowerClemson1991

Lee 2_Clemson1975

Genoa1993 Aldo Rossi Symposium and Carlo Felice Theater are completed.

Charleston1995 The Clemson Architecture Center begins sharing the facility at 12 Bull Street with the College of Charleston’s new Center for Historic Preservation.

Fluid Campus1998-2000College of Architecture Center at the College of Charleston Ray Huff, director

Genoa1995 James G. Thomas becomes first architect-in-residence. Silvia Carroll is elevated to administrative director.

Fluid CampusSilvia Carroll is named director of Charles E. Daniel Center, Genoa.

Genoa1998Pat Conroy is first writer-in-residence. Center incorporates B.A. and B.S. students. Event for 25th anniversary is integral to all programs.

Charleston2003 National Council of Architectural Reg-istration Board awards the NCARB Jury Prize to the CAC.C for the “Up-per Concord Street Neighborhood.”

Charleston2006 CAC.C is awarded National American Institute of Architects Award for 2006 Best Mentoring Prac-tices, one of only four such awards in the country.

Charleston2008 CAC.C wins NCARB Jury Prize for Creative Integration of Practice + Education for the project “Localizing Global Climate Change.”

Charleston2010 Ray Huff is named interim director of CAC in Charleston, and made permanent director in 2011.

Genoa2013 40th Anniversary EventVilla at 40!

CHARLESTON, 200020 Franklin Street

Charleston1999Graduate students are permitted to study at the Clemson Architecture Center for the first time.

First class of Barcelona program celebrates at Barcelona Pavilion.

Charleston2000-10 Rob Miller is named director of CAC in Charleston.

Genoa2000

2000-12 Fluid Campus idea emerges. Lee Hall, CAC.G, CAC.C, CAC.B are seamlessly connected.

CLEMSON 2012Lee IIIBARCELONA, 1999

CLEMSON, 1991Grad Tower

CHARLESTON, 198812 Bull Street

CLEMSON 1975Lee II

ClemsonA 1970s addition is made to accom-modate the expansion of academic programs.

Genoa1982 Mark Carroll (CU ’78, ’80) joins Renzo Piano Building Workshop.

Charleston2004National Council of Architectural Registra-tion Board awards the NCARB Jury Prize to the CAC.C for the “Borough Project.”

“If architects want to be influential, we need to get out of our ateliers and connect with the curriculum, engage the culture and

serve our larger communities.”   — James F. Barker, FAIA

2008, Chronicle of Higher Education

2012Mediascape Pendleton Library, First Place, AIAS/Kawneer Design CompetitionLaura Boykin

2010Chapel, First Place, Air Force Village Chapel Design CompetitionKyle Keaffaber and Jonathan Edens

2012Bark Park Design Build, McClure Award WinnerElissa Bostain, Megan Craig, Jason Drews, James Graham and Adrian Mora

2012Sustainable Lab, Winning Project, ACSA 2011-2012 International Sustainable Laboratories Design CompetitionCaitlin Ranson and Dianah Katzenberger

STUDENT WORK

FLUID CAMPUS

PRESIDENTSDEANSCHAIRMENFACULTY

ARCHITECTURE AT CLEMSON

ARCHITECTURAL TRENDS

ALUMNI WORK

DEDiCAtED to thE StuDEntS AnD FACulty oF ClEmSon ArChitECturE, PASt, PrESEnt AnD FuturE

PUBLICATION COMMITTEENick Barrett, IllustrationNick Collins, ResearchJeannie Davis, EditorialCheryl DeSellier, Graphic DesignKathy Edwards, Research

Ulrike Heine, EditorialPeter Laurence, Research and EditorialSandra Parker, Editorial Kate Schwennsen, EditorialEllis Taylor, Research

CENTENNIAL PLANNING COMMITTEEDavid Allison (’78, M ’82)Nick AultNick Barrett (’13)José Cabán (’67)Lynn Craig (’67)Jeannie DavisCheryl DeSellier Kathy EdwardsUfuk ErsoyRick GoodsteinDaniel Harding (’94)Ulrike Heine Bob Hogan Ray Huff (’71)John Jacques (’70)

Tim Keesee (’15)Peter LaurenceMichelle McLaneArmando Montilla Joy Newberry (’14)Valerie Or (’14)Sandra Parker David PastreJerry ReelKate SchwennsenRob Silance (’73, M ’81)Nick Tafel (‘14)Ellis Taylor (’14)Julie Wilkerson (‘90)

ACkNOWLEDGMENTS All images copyright of Clemson University, Clemson University School of Architecture or their respective creators. The editors gratefully acknowledge and thank Clemson University Libraries Special Collections and the students, faculty and alumni who contributed images to this publication. Every effort has been made to trace all copyright-holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publisher will be pleased to make arrangements at the first opportunity.

Published by the Clemson University School of Architecture and the Clemson University Digital Press. For more information, contact the School of Architecture at 3-130 Lee Hall. Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0503.

clemson.edu/architecture

Copyright 2013 by Clemson University ISBN 978-0-9890826-4-8

1980 1990 2000 2010• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •1976 7 8 9 1980 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1990 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2010 1 2 3 2014

1976Convention Facility for Hilton Head, S.C.Ashby Gressette

1976Convention Facility for Hilton Head, S.C.Ashby Gressette

1980Charleston County CourthouseMichael O’Brien

1982Life Enhancement Center, Charleston, S.C.M Manoucherr Zakariai 1986

Space Coast Science CenterD. Wayne Rogers

1987Jacksonville Fla. Maritime MuseumGregory C. Sullivan

1990A Political Center for Future ChinaQian Xuelei

1991Thermae, A Purifier of Water and Urban SocietyQian Xuelei

1998An Architecture for the Small Community HospitalRe-Inventing an InstitutionPaul Doyle

1998ThesisAmy Tucker

1988 Clemson Architecture Center in Charleston is founded.

1995 College of Architecture, Arts and humanities is formed.College of Architecture is renamed School of Architecture.

1999 Barcelona Architecture Center is established.

1979 The Sony Walkman is introduced. 1981 The IBM PC is developed. 1985 Hole in the Ozone layer is discovered.

1989 The Berlin Wall falls.

1990-1991 Persian Gulf War 1992 The Cold War ends.

9/11/2001 Terrorist attacks are launched on the U.S.2001 Operation Enduring Freedom begins in Afghanistan.

2003 U.S./Iraq war begins.2003 Facebook is created.

2005 Hurricane Katrina hits the U.S. 2008 Barack Obama is elected president.

CLEMSON UNIVERSITYDIGITAL PRESS

1977Leon Krier and Students

1979Students in Lee Hall studio

Left to right: Francis Chamberlain, David Allison, Bill Taberson and Thom Mayne

José Cabán Kate Schwennsen

1978Penney HouseThom Penney/LS3P

John Jacques

1987OfficeCraig Gaulden Davis

1989Charleston CottagesChris Rose

Lee Hall III, designed by Thomas Phifer (’75, M ’77) in collaboration with McMillan Pazdan Smith Architecture receives a national honor award for design achievement from the American Institute of Architects.

Architecture + Health1988 George Means retires, and Ken Russo takes over as an interim director of the program.

Antoine Predock and Jim Barker

Architecture + Health1990David Allison is hired as director, redesigns the curriculum and changes the program name to the graduate program.

Architecture + Health2000 Dina Battisto, Ph.D., is hired by the SoA as its first research-focused fac-ulty member to help build a research base for the Architecture + Health program.

Architecture + Health2006 Stephen Verderber, D.Arch./RA, is hired as the third faculty member in the Architecture + Health program.

2006-2012 The Architecture + Health program engages in a series of sponsored projects through NXT for the Dept of Defense totaling over $2.5 million.

Architecture + Health2008 The Architecture + Health program receives an NCARB Award for the In-tegration of Practice and Academia.

1987The Menil CollectionPiano 1993

Richland County Public LibraryAshby Gressette/Stevens & Wilkinson

New FacultyErsenkal, Olgun | Morales, Jorge | Finch, Michael | Stockham, James | Hudson, Mark | Mulholland, Janet | Rook, Benjamin | Vollendorf, Dean | Jacques, John | Holschneider, Johannes | Norman, Richard | Davis, Martin | Harritos, Harry | Vatalaro, Michael | Drummond, Robert | Huff, Raymond | Roth, Frederick | Polk, George Jr. | Book, Norman | Webb, Hugh | Addison, Clarence | Mitchell, Charlie | Matthew, Robert Jr. | Voelker, Evelyn | Ottolenghi, Marinella

PresidentBill Lee Atchley 1979-1985

New FacultyCabán, José | Dimond, Thomas | Nocks, Barry | Killingsworth, Edgar | Kishimoto, Yuji | Craig, Lynn | Cross, Sydney | Walker, Gerald | Hutton, Dale | Miller, Robert | Pflieger, Kenneth |Humphries, Ann | Liska, Roger | Willoughby, Alan

DeanLamar H. Brown, acting dean (1984)Paul D. Pearson, dean (1984-1986)

PresidentWalter Thompson Cox1985-1986

New FacultyBainbridge, Robert | Eubanks, Francis | Hungerford, Phillip | Hurt, Jane | Lane, Virginia | Lindsay, Alfred | London, James | Moffa, Rudee | Moncure, Jo Ann | Pearson, David | Schuette, Stephen | Wall, John | Barker, James | Faoro, Daniel | Foster, Margaret | Hogan, Robert | LeBlanc, Louis | Rice, Matthew | Taylor, James | Corley, Greg | Crout, Roy Jr | LeBlanc, Janet | Mumford, John | Norman, Herbert | Powers, Whitney | Silance, Robert | Tai, Lolly | Varkonda, Linda | Brooks, Kerry | Chamberlain, Frances | Ellis, Marsh

PresidentMax Lennon 1986-1994

Dean James Barker1986

New FacultyBuonaccorsi, J.G. | Burton, Joseph | Gooden, Mario | Harwood, Pamela | Lowrey, Robert | Meyer, Jonathan | Williams, James | Alexander, Marvolyn | Allison, David | Bingenheimer, Kirt | Brown, Danita | Collins, Bradford | Cowan-Ricks, Carrel | Houston, David | Sammons, Thomas | Sullivan, N.A. | Tabberson, William | Baldwin, Aaron | Leebreck, Gilbert | McGill, Raymond | Murff, Warren | Piper, Christine | Wilkerson, Julie | Woodward, Denise | Cunningham, Miller | Yilmaz, Umit

New FacultyMaher, Michael | Laurence, Peter | Green, Keith | Andrews, Brian | Pastre, David | Jacques, Annemarie H.

New FacultyErdman, Jori | Brown, Lori | Zell, Mo | Jones, Victor | del Real, Patricio | Rael, Ron | San Fratello, Virginia | Verderber, Stephen | Skinner, Martha | Hecker, Doug | Bruhns, Robert | Mills, Cris | Lettow, Ash | Chen, Chong-Zi | Nadenicek, Dan | Costa, Xavier | Bray, Lloyd | Mooney, Kemp | Battisto, Dina | Thomas, James | Garland, James B.| Jennings, Ashley | Ferrick, Justin | Roldan, Miguel

PresidentPhillip Hunter Prince1994-1995

Interim headDon Collins1994-1995

Interim ChairRobert Hogan 2005-2006

PresidentConstantine William Curris 1995-1999

ChairJosé Cabán1995-2005

PresidentJames Frazier Barker1999 to present

New FacultyHyslop, Kevin | Lee, David | Blouin, Vincent | Verderber, Stephen | Heine, Ulrike | Savory, Thomas | Sill, Bernhard | Harding, Daniel | Montilla, Armando | Hambright-Belue, Sallie | Gibson, Reginald | Cavanagh, Edward | Mitchell, Lauren | Nocella, David

ChairEdward “Ted” Cavanagh 2006-2008

Ken Russo becomes director of architecture program.

1988 John Jacques becomes director of architecture program.

Dean Janice Schach2000-2007

2000South Carolina Governor’s School for Arts and HumanitiesFreeman & Major Architects

Dean Clifton “Chip” Egan2007-2010

ChairKate Schwennsen2010-present

New FacultySchwennsen, Katherine | Ault, Nicholas | Golda-Pongratz, Kathrin | Albright, Dustin | Ersoy, Ufuk | Barrios, Carlos | Satoh, Junichi | Mendez, Clarissa

Interim Dean Richard “Rick” Goodstein2010-2011

DeanRichard “Rick” Goodstein2011-present

Bill Pelham and Eric Holmberg read in the Villa.

1992Genoa Harbor RenovationPiano

1984Sibley CenterCraig Gaulden Davis

1992Beach houseRay Huff/Huff-Gooden

1993Richland County Public LibraryAshby Gressette/Stevens & Wilkinson

1999Kent CourtLisa Lanni/McMillan Pazdan Smith

2005High Museum ExpansionPiano

2004Eliot Noyes’ Brown Residence TransformationJoeb Moore + Partners, Architects

2008Exterior approach to Spiral HouseJoeb Moore + Partners, Architects

2010Exterior meadow view of Bridge HouseJoeb Moore + Partners, Architects

1972Blue Cross Blue ShieldStubbs Muldrow Herin

1972Blue Cross Blue ShieldStubbs Muldrow Herin

2001Blackbaud Corporate HeadquartersStubbs Muldrow Herin

2007Chicago State University Convocation CenterSchlossman Loebel Hackl

2012Charleston ENT West AshleyStubbs Muldrow Herin

2011College of DuPage Culinary Arts and Hospitality CenterSchlossman Loebel Hackl

1980Kenneth Frampton publishes Modern Architecture: A Critical History.

1981“Critical Regionalism” coined by Alexander Tzonis and Liane Lefaivre. E. Boyer and A. Levine publish A Quest for Common Learning.

1982Autocad released.

1983Donald Schoen publishes The Reflective Practitioner.

1985Christian Norberg-Schulz publishes The Concept of Dwelling.

1988Deconstructivist Architecture exhibition, MOMA

1990E. Boyer publishes Scholarship Reconsidered.

Christian Norborg-Schultz, author of “Concept of Dwelling,” visits Lee Hall for a symposium.

1993Congress for New Urbanism is founded.

Rural Studio is founded.

1995Form Z Software is released.

Rem Koolhaas publishes SMLXL.

Landscape Urbanism approach based on collaborative work and practice-oriented research grows.

2000“Architecture and Pragmatism” conference at MOMA.

2010Global Outlook.

1984Kirk Craig and students

1984Harley Badders and Lynn Craig

1988Dale Hutton, Dean Barker, Don Collins, George Means and Peter Lee at a graduate student review

Left to right: Dean Barker, Harvey Gantt, Ted Papas and Clemson President Max Lennon

Students at Middleton Inn, S.C.

1996Aurora PlaceMark Carroll/Renzo Piano Building Workshop

1985Student in Genoa.

1977Blanche Lemco van Ginkel becomes first female dean, University of Toronto.

Energy studies in Building Laboratory, University of Oregon

1979Aga Kahn Program for Islamic Architecture is founded at MIT.

1996E. Boyer and L.D. Mitgang publish Building Community: A New Future for Architecture Education and Practice.

1997The Petronas Twin Towers are completed in Kuala Lumpur.

1976“Basic Design” is replaced by “Architectural Analysis” course.

“Architectural Applications of Computer Science” is added to curriculum. “Principles of Environmental Design” and interdisciplinary interaction B.S. in pre-architecture are offered in addition to B.A., B.Arch. and M.Arch.

2+2+2 Curriculum

1981Additional language course,“Global View,” is added.

“Architectural Analysis” is replaced by “Design Studies.”

1984Paul David Pearson becomes dean of College of Architecture.

19851+3 curriculum replaces 2+2+2 system.

1988“Design Theory” course is added to curriculum, and social science course becomes requirement. Landscape architecture program is founded.

1989Charleston program is founded with Ray Huff as director.

1989Writing in the AIA journal Architecture, Robert Ivy describes Clemson as “an architectural Eden.”

1990Studio + Theory + Technology + Practice model and interdisciplinary thesis required for M.Arch. degree.

1991“Environmental Systems” becomes a required course.

Master of Science in architecture degree is launched.

1992Renewed emphasis is placed on liberal arts course work.

Bachelor’s and master’s programs adopt collaborative associations with the humanities and the arts.

1993M.Arch. becomes required professional degree in South Carolina.

1995 College of Architecture, Arts and Humanities is formed with James Barker as dean.

1995College of Architecture is renamed School of Architecture with José Cabán as chair.

1998College of Architecture Center at the College of Charleston moves from Bull Street to Franklin Street.

2000Undergraduate program responds to general education requirements.

2002M.Arch. thesis is replaced by “Research Studio.”

2007“Introduction to Architecture” is added to first year.

“Collaborative Studio” at second year is called “Architectural Foundations.”

Off-campus studies become a requirement.

1980Peter Lee and Fred Moore

1982Grad students in Lee I

1987Hal Cooledge and Teoman Doruk (extreme left)

1999Barcelona program is founded by José Cabán, Xavier Costa and Miguel Roldan.