100% renewable energy strategy for cape verde
TRANSCRIPT
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MFM Master Plan Cape Verde 100% renewable energy Mak Đukan International Master in Material Flow Management Environmental Campus Birkenfeld, 2012
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The greatest danger for most of us is not that our aim is too high and we miss it, but that it is too
low and we reach it
Michelangelo
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650km from Senegal
QUICK FACTS ü Population 515 000, low density ü Area 7500 * smaller than Africa ü 10 islands of volcanic origin ü Semi desert climate
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NATURAL RESOURCES ü 1800 – 2200 kWh/m2/year average ü 8 – 5 m/s average wind ü 11% arable land ü Water shortages
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ECONOMY ü GDP per capita $US 3800 ü Agriculture 8.5% ü Industry 16% ü Services 75.5%
ü Export/import 12% ü Unemployment 21%
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Material Flow Analysis
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Dependance on fossil fuels
95% electricity from oil in 2010
Increase in electricity price
Electra increase in tariff 30%
€/kWh twice the EU price
Decrease in purchas. power
Renewable energy
Energy efficiency
GDP growth decline
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Operational inefficiency
Power losses are 15% in Santiago
Lack of price adjustment
Government subsidy of
$US4.4 mil/a
Business restructuring
Inability to reinvest
Electricity network gets
worse
Blackouts effect business
ELECTRA is BUST !!!
Huge hidden costs
Electricity demand rises
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Energy storage
Grid improvement Financing Renewable
energy
Energy efficiency
Business restructuring
Regional MFM solutions
Σ 100% RES
Participation
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KNOWLEDGE GAPS ü Focus on macro generation ü Energy efficiency not a
important topic ü Lack of ground work and
field data collection ü Waste treated only as an
energy resource ü . . .
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Conventional approach How do you power a village in the middle of nowhere?
Regional MFM approach How do you create added value in a village in the middle of nowhere?
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Demand analysis
Energy flows
Material
flows
Potential analysis
Micro potential
Macro potential
Efficiency improvement Solar thermal and PV Micro wind turbine Biogas for cooking Efficient wood cookstoves Land management
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What can we “squeeze out”
of the existing infrastructure?
What new infrastructure do
we need?
What are the hidden
potentials?
Praia, Santiago
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PRIORITIZE
Energy consumption
Waste
Material consumption
Santiago
Population
CLASIFY
Urban
Rural
Tourist
Industrial
IDENTIFY HOTSPOTS
LINK MATERIAL and
ENERGY FLOWS
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Jatropha plantation
Nutrient recovery
Sludge extraction Biogas
Incineration
Jatropha Biodiesel
Terra Preta
Algae growth
Waste water from Praia Transport
Heat/cool and electricity
Electricity
Land management
Algae Biodiesel
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Algae Biodiesel
Jatropha Biodiesel Biogas Incineration Terra Preta
Economic FeasabilityTechnological feasabilitySocial Acceptance Job creationGHG reduction
Low
Medium
High
ANALYZE ALTERNATIVES
STUDY IN DETAIL
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Who are the stakeholders?
Government
NGO
RE Cluster
Inhabitants
Tourist industry
Electra
International donors
Technology developer
Technology provider
Power
Interest
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Cape Verde 100% Renewable by 2020
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100% Renewable Energy by 2020
Energy Storage
Grid Improvement
MFM Optimization
CORE ISSUES
Increase energy efficiency
Decrease distribution losses
Ensure reliable power supply
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2012 2020 2015
Creating initial conditions
Demonstration
100% renewable
PROJECT STAGES
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2012 2020 2015
Short term goals
ü Electra business restructuring
ü Facilitate renewable energy projects
ü Ensure financing until 2020
Medium term goals
ü Cape Verde 50% Renewable
ü Decrease technical loss 50%
ü Sao Vincente-Santo Antao-Sao-Nicolau
Long term goals
ü Cape Verde 100% Renewable
ü Decrease technical loss 90%
ü Energy storage 30% final capacity
Study MFM Optimization
ü Micro generation ü Energy efficiency
improvement ü Participation
Implementation
Zero Emission Islands Cluster
Efficiency gain 10 – 20 %
Decrease need for macro generation
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Who are the stakeholders?
NGO??
Inhabitants
Technology provider Short term goals
Facilitate renewable energy projects
Promote private sector investment Create framework Self binding target
setting
100% RE in 2020
20% efficiency gain in 2020
50% RE in 2015 RE One Stop Shop
Ministry for renewable energy
RE Think Thank
Feed In Tariff
Tax break
Microfinance
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VISION GREEN TOURISM
Green Resorts Standards
Boavista increase in total energy demand
from 9% to 15%
Thermal conductivity limit of building materials
Low E Glass Triple Window Glazing Wall Insulation
Tax breaks according
to performance
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Medium term goals
Zero Emission Islands Cluster
Sao Vincente could power the cluster at a lower cost
107.6&
22.7& 6.4&
192.9&
96.6&
54&83&
222&
161&
Sao&Vincente&& Santo&Antao&& Sao&Nicolau&&
Comparison of energy demand, potential and costs !
Demand&(GWh)& PotenCal&(GWh)& LCOE&(EUR/MWh)&&
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Source: Gesto Energy
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Long term goals
Scale up energy storage capacity
Cape Verde has 70MW of identified potential (22% of demand in 2020)
Natural gas powered
NO GO: Venture capital
investments
Short discharge time Small power rating (up
to 1MW)
Source: EPRI, 2010, p9
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Long term goals
Sodium sulfur battery
+ −
Demonstrated in over 190 sites in Japan
Largest instalation 34MW, 245 MWh
89% efficiency
6 hour peak shaving
Source: EPRI, 2010, p23 Costs 2300 – 2500 EUR/
kW
4500 cycles or 12 years
Limited suppliers
Safety issues
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Long term goals
Energy storage solutions for Cape Verde
Submarine cables and pumped hydro utilization
Battery systems
Storage of energy in drinking water
Other – comparative analysis needed
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Financing
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100% Renewable Energy Scenario based on Gesto study
Methodology (by island)
Energy demand in 2020
Current RE production
Gap analysis
Calculate total CAPEX and LCOE by island
Derive figure for EUR/kWh
46%$
38%$
14%$
2%$
Source in 100% Renewable !
Wind$$
Solar$
Hydro$$
Waste$$
Macro generation of 670 GWh in 2020
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Main findings
EUR 625 million for CAPEX and O&M
LCOE in 2020 0.13 EUR/kWh
MFM Optimization, submarine cables, grid
and energy storage (except hydro) not
included
Source: Gesto Energy
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2012" 2013" 2014" 2015" 2016" 2017" 2018" 2019" 2020" 2021"
GWh!
Comparison of BAU and Energy efficiency 20% scenario!
Demand"(GWh)" RE"Produc>on"(GWh)" Demand"EF"20%"(GWh)"
167 Mil EUR of savings Diesel LCOE=250 EUR/MWh
33 Mil EUR savings from MFM Optimization
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San*ago"" Boavista"" Sao"Vincente" Sal" Fogo" Maio" Sao"Nicolau"" Santo"Antao" Brava""
Thousand ! Comparison of energy production, CAPEX and LCOE by island in 2020!
Energy"(GWh)" Capital"expenditure"(EUR)"
Levelized"Cost"of"Electricity"(EUR/MWh)" Linear"(Levelized"Cost"of"Electricity"(EUR/MWh))"
Lower the CAPEX, higher the production costs
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Boavista"" Brava"" Maio" Sao"Nicolau"" Sal" Fogo" Santo"Antao" Sao"Vincente" San;ago""
Thousand ! Comparison of population and LCOE by island!
Levelized"Cost"of"Electricity"EUR/MWh"" Popula;on""Thousand"" Linear"(Levelized"Cost"of"Electricity"EUR/MWh")"
Higher the population, lower the production costs
Centralization of energy production could lead to
costs savings
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Final remarks. . .
Focus on MFM Optimization/Microgeneration
Energy grid improvements
Innovative energy storage solutions
Centralize macro energy production
Realistic goal setting??
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Work in progress . . .
Innovative financing
Refine kWh/EUR figure
Determine best storage solutions
Added value analysis
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