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Transport1. Factor that effected the

EXCHANGEof substances

2. The HUMANcirculatory

system

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Factor that effected the

EXCHANGE of substances

1. The surface area = large

2. The volume = small3. The total surface area per volume ratio

(TSA/V) = high

4. The distance of exchange = near5. A high concentration gradient is

maintained

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Unicellular Organism

1. The surface area = large

2. The volume = small

3. TSA/V = large

No problem in obtaining the cellular

requirements via diffusion

Nutrients & oxygen diffuse in

Carbon dioxide & waste products diffuse

out

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Paramecium sp.

CO2

O2

Simple

diffusion

Na+

Activetransport

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Multicellular Organism

1. The surface area = small2. The volume = large

3. TSA/V = small

Need to obtain & deliver the cellularrequirements to internal cell = big size

Simple diffusion is too slow forrespiratory gases & nutrients to betransported throughout the body = TSA/Asmall

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The HUMAN circulatory system

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Subclavian veins

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Capillaries

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Hepar portal vein

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Hepar portal vein

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The HUMAN circulatory system

1. The blood (connective tissue)

Plasma

Cellular component

2. The heart

Muscular pump

3. The blood vessels

Arteries

Capillaries

Veins

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The blood

Plasma = 55% of

blood

Cellular components

= 45% of blood

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Plasma

Plasma is a complex substance;

Water 90%

plasma proteins; albumin, fibrinogen, globulin

inorganic constituents such as sodium,

potassium, calcium chloride, carbonate, and

bicarbonate;

sugar; hormones; enzymes; fats; amino acids;

waste products as urea and creatinine

Respiratory gases

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Cellular Components

Erythrocyte

Leucocyte

Platelets

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rythro ytesThe biconcave shape of the erythrocyteis an adaptation for maximizing thesurface area across which oxygen is

exchanged for carbon dioxide.Its shape and flexible plasmamembrane allow the erythrocyte to

penetrate the smallest of bloodcapillaries.

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Agranulocytes

Producedantibodies Engulf & digest

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Platelets

Fragments of the large cells from the bone

marrow

Size 2-3 um in diameterHas no nucleus

Play important role in blood clotting

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Blood vessels

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