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Abstract

Wave generation and the effects of waves are important areas of study. Wave generators

themselves can range from simple mechanical systems for regular waves through multi paddle

random generating systems that may be computer controlled. For many applications, particularly

coastal models and flume studies, long crested and directional random waves are sufficient to

model the sea state. For offshore studies and some shallow water problems multi-directional

components are required. This model needs to have a system to monitor the wave generated by

the system. This can be achieved by placing camcorder to record the height of the waves. The

recorded data then being processed using image processing method to plot the height of the

waves produces by the system. The data collected is imported for the analysis to construct a

precise system analysis with an algorithm. This paper presents the monitoring system of the

height of the wave generated by the flume so that the system will have a feedback and can reduce

the error.

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INTRODUCTION

Overview

The goal of this project is to design and implement an effective and efficient real-

time flume monitoring system using pen!", #atlab or equivalent. The system should be

able to detect the height of the wave generated by the flume in a video frame, ideally in real

time. The system should be able to locate and show the position of the highest wave

generated in the following frames. $t should also be able to detect and locate multiple wave%s

amplitude in a single frame and function accordingly.

This system initially can be initially operated on a &! and does not have to

operate in real time. 'owever the end prototype should be able to operate in real-time and

dynamically track wave%s height off a live video stream. This data will then be send to the

(rduino that control the height of the motor to be compared with the initial wave intended

The second goal of the system is to create a flume mechanism to generate the

wave intended by the user. The system should be able to generate waves with the height of up

to )*+ of the original water level. The system should be able to vary the amplitude of the

waves and the wavelength. $t should also be able to start and stop the wave production

according to the user%s specification time. This system can be configured using normal !

motor and microcontroller such as (rduino or raspberry pi. $t will use the feedback from the

wave height measured by the monitoring system to compare with the wave%s specification

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Problem Statement

Flume system *m /F0 in hydraulic and instrumentation laboratory is one of the

major facilities required for the study by the 'ydraulic 1esearch $nstitute of #alaysia

/2('1$#0. The facility also received many requests to use research from other institutions such

as 3niversiti &utra #alaysia /3, 4abatan 5erja 1aya /4510, 3niversiti Teknologi #alaysia

/3T#0 and more. The damage to the electronic and mechanical systems at the facility has been

making the F system faulty for almost a year. The overhauling project of the system has taken

nearly 6 months and 1#*, ***.**. 2evertheless, the restoration was still not successful to this

day. (ccordingly, the irector-7eneral 2('1$#, 'on. atuk $r. 'j. (hmad 4amalluddin bin

8haaban has set up a team to develop its own mechanical and electronic systems for this F

system. $f the project is successfully implemented, it may be an innovation item for 2('1$#and can be marketed worldwide. (t this point, the study of which can still be carried out in F

is the test flow rate /current test0 using a pump. While the study using waves cannot be e9ecuted

because the system is damaged as mentioned above.

With the ending of this project later, it is a hope that the new system can replace the

e9isting system /system memory0 which is worth a million ringgit. This can reduce the cost of

maintenance work and also the item 2('1$# innovation that seeks to create and operate a

system of :wave generator: of its own without the help of outsiders. The maintenance cost is

high and demand is often difficult to use for system maintenance. $n addition, the technology is

one of the factors behind the e9isting system defects. To address this problem, the 2ational Water

1esearch $nstitute has been studying and decided to change the mechanical and electronic

systems on F facilities and mechanism in line with the current technology. 2('1$# director

general, 'on. atuk $r. 'j. (hmad 4amalluddin bin 8haaban has moved #'$ team to implement

the project in several phases. The first phase will be conducted using a model with a scale of

);)*. This model will be controlled using the (rduino.

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The system needs to be equipped with a monitoring system that can provide data of the

waves generated. This system needs to be sensitive enough to measure wave%s differences up to

)cm. The monitoring system should also provide data for the user to be able for them to collect

data base by their studies.

Objectives

). To create a flume mechanism to generate the wave intended by the user

. To design and implement an effective and efficient real-time flume monitoring system

valuation of this research should be undertaken to

determine best method of wave%s amplitude detection for waves in a real time video

stream. n conclusion of this best method a software architecture and its main

subsystems required should be determined. ( method of implementing these subsystems

should also be evaluated. With the knowledge taken from this review and also the prior

research, a working algorithm should be developed. This working algorithm should then

be initially tested on a webcam live feed and if needs be the feed can be slowed down to

)* Frames per 8econd /F&80.

1esearch should then be undertaken to improve on this algorithm through

methods such as image pre-processing and using multiple acquired images to provide an

effective tracking system. (n evaluation should be undertaken on improvements in object

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tracking through pattern matching and?or pre-filtering. The algorithm should then be

improved through improvements in frame-to-frame tracking over single-frame wave%s

detection.

1esearch on different technique and microcontroller types should also be done to

manipulate the efficiency of the wave generator mechanism. ifferent types of motors

and the torque specification should also be taken into consideration as the motor needs to

move a very large paddle forward and backwards that will generate the wave. The motor

driver current consumption and the current loss of the motor should also be calculated to

develop an efficient system. The system circuit and configuration will then be develop

and tested using suitable microcontroller to achieve the best result.

Re!ort O"tline

@asically in this report, it is divided into chapter. Firstly is about the

introduction of the project title which is esign and evelopment of 1eal-Time Flume

#onitoring 8ystem. bjective, problem statement and methodology also are presented in

this chapter. $t is followed by literature review where the method of data collection and

the wave height measuring system is revised. Few project that had been done by the

previous researches has been chosen as reference for this project. The proposed system

analysis and designed is present in the chapter

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#ideo !rocessing

@asically, after the video is captured using the camera, the data is then transmitted

to a computer for further analysis and data interpretation. "ideo is also known as a

sequences of image. $t consists sequences of images. $mage processing is the

medium?method that is being used for this project to e9tract the data from the sequences

of image. For this project, the interest is the height of the wave generated by the flume

wave generator. Figure

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$ig"re %&'/( $low chart o+ the !ro!osed algorithm

Micro !rocessing

17@ to 7rayscale

( grayscale /or graylevel0 image is simply one in which the only colors are shades

of gray. AgrayB color is one in which the red, green and blue components all have equal

intensity in 17@ space, so it is only necessary to specify a single intensity value for

each pi9el.

ata 8torage

#oving (verage

Cinear 1egression

$teration is doneDNo

2es

>rror !orrection

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$ig"re %&'%( The image o+ the b"o "nder 3rascale

!olor Threshold

To make thresholding completely automated, it is necessary for the computer to

automatically select the threshold T. 8e=gin and 8ankur /**60 categori=e

thresholding methods into the following si9 groups based on the information the

algorithm manipulates /8e=gin et al., **60;

'istogram shape-based methods, where, for e9ample, the peaks, valleys and

curvatures of the smoothed histogram are analy=ed

!lustering-based methods, where the gray-level samples are clustered in two parts as

background and foreground /object0, or alternately are modeled as a mi9ture of two

7aussians

>ntropy-based methods result in algorithms that use the entropy of the foreground and

background regions, the cross-entropy between the original and binari=ed image, etc.

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bject (ttribute-based methods search a measure of similarity between the gray-level

and the binari=ed images, such as fu==y shape similarity, edge coincidence, etc.

8patial methods Ethat use higher-order probability distribution and?or correlation

between pi9els Cocal methods adapt the threshold value on each pi9el to the local

image characteristics. $n these methods, a different T is selected for each pi9el in the

image.

$ig"re %&'%( The image o+ the b"o "nder Color Tresholding

$ig"re %&'4( The Original Image o+ the b"o in the +l"me

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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15100

102

104

106

108110

112

114

Generated Wave Data

Old New

Wave period (mms

Wave !ei"!t (mm

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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15100

102

104

106

108

110

112

114

116

Generated Wave Data

Old New

Wave period (mms

Wave !ei"!t (mm

#$ter appl%in" t!e al"orit!m to red&'e t!e error o$ t!e motor so t!at it 'an "enerate

re"&lar waves t!e res&lt o$ t!e new "enerated wave wit! wor)in" al"orit!m is

'ompared wit! t!e old wave !ei"!t wit!o&t &sin" an% $eed*a')+ ,!e res&lt is as

s!own *elow-

$ig"re '&'( Com!arison )etween ,ave heght be+ore and a+ter +eedbac* loo!ing