10 famous systems

7/26/2019 10 Famous Systems

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B. Ross Cosc 4f79 1

Famous Expert Systems

Before expert systems ("in the beinnin..."!

#etai$e% &peration 'roce%ures (#&'s!) use% by aeronautics in%ustry an% *+S+, they are expert -no$e%e co%ifie% in ritten form.

/ *ot imp$emente% on a computer. 0oeer, usin a #&' is $i-e manua$$y fo$$oin an a$orithm by han%

(ini2io p.49!

0euristic prorammin) use heuristics to so$e $are, comp$excomputationa$ prob$ems (ear$y 193s!

/ Controersy hether expert systems are 5ust examp$es of heuristicprorammin


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1. #E*#R+

First expert system

'ro5ect bean at Stanfor% in mi% 193s, an% is sti$$ bein use%.

#omain) &ranic chemistry / mass spectrometry

8as-) i%entify mo$ecu$ar structure of un-non compoun%s from mass spectra %ata

nput) 0istoram iin mass number:intensity pairs

&utput) #escription of structure of the compoun%

+rchitecture) p$an/enerate/test ith constraine% heuristic search

8oo$s) pro%uction ru$es imp$emente% in isp

Resu$ts) "#iscoery" of -no$e%e enineerin. ;any pub$ishe% resu$ts.


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#E*#R+

=inston p. 6


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#E*#R+

'roce%ure)

1. Spectra %ata ien as input

6. 're$iminary ana$ysis %etermines

/ necessary compoun%s // spectra %ata / forbi%%en compoun%s // spectra %ata, expert -no$e%e


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#E*#R+

Examp$e ru$e for ana$y2er)

=inston 61

;atcher is ino$e%) nee%s expert -no$e%e in -noin hen some pea-s are more important than others


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6. ;+CSA;+

#ee$ope% at ;8 since 193@ onar%s

#omain) hih/performance symbo$ic math (a$ebra, ca$cu$us,%ifferentia$ euations,...!

8as-) carry out comp$ex mathematica$ %eriations

nput) formu$ae an% comman%s (interactie!

&utput) So$utions to touh prob$ems

;etho%) Brute force (expert techniues are enco%e% as a$orithm!

+rchitecture) proramme% in isp (



;+CSA;+

p.1



0E+RS+A

Resu$ts)

/ proe% feasibi$ity of automate% speech reconition

/ pioneerin effort in system architecture techniues

/ b$ac-boar% for mu$tip$e -no$e%e sources

/ poer of symbo$ic computation oer pure$y statistica$ ones

/ Spane% other expert system pro5ects.



0E+RS+A

0armon 1


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B. Ross Cosc 4f79 66

7. 'DFF

#ee$ope% at Stanfor% in 1979

#omain) #ianosis of obstructie airay %iseases usin ;AC*s inference enine an% a ne -no$e%e base

8as-) 8a-e %ata from instruments an% %ia$o, an% %ianose type an% seerity of %isease

nput) instruments, ueries

&utput) =ritten report for physician to reie an% annotate

+rchitecture) ru$e/base%, exhaustie bac-ar% chainin ith uncertainty

8oo$s) E;AC* (Empty ;AC*!

Resu$ts) Reports correct @3G of the time. + >>/ru$e system is in %ai$y use, runnin in Basic


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@. HC&* (R1!

&riina$$y ca$$e% R1, %ee$ope% at Carneie ;e$$on an% #EC in $ate 7s

#omain) confiure computer har%are

8as-) confiure I+H systems by pro5ectin the nee% for subassemb$ies ien a hih/$ee$ %escription of the system

nput) Iax system %escription

&utput) $ist of parts, accessories, an% a p$an for assemb$y

+rchitecture) forar%/chaine%, ru$e/base%, ith a$most no bac-trac-in

8oo$s) &'S>, a pro%uction system too$

Resu$ts) Dse% by #EC an% performe% better than preious experts (since fire%!/ by 19@3, processe% tota$ of @, or%ers ith 9>/9@G accuracy/ sae% #EC J6> mi$$ion a year


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HC&*

p. 1>3 0armon


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HC&*

as of 1991, HC&* has @ (! pro%uction ru$es

a serious prob$em has %ee$ope%) maintenance

has been sai% that HC&* rep$ace% 7> experts ith 1> HC&* maintainers

shos the nee% for %ee$opin better maintenance systems for $are expert systems (an% other $are softare systems!


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Some other famous systems #E8+:C+8S)

/ %ianose an% repair %iese$ $ocomoties / %ee$ope% in S', but porte% to F&R8R+* (a common phenomenon!

#R*? +#IS&R)

/ %ianose oi$ %ri$$in prob$ems / ru$e/base%, exhaustie bac-ar% chainin ith uncertainty, frames

?E*ESS)

/ %esins mo$ecu$ar enetics experiments an% proce%ures / as use% by oer > research scientists

?+8ES)

/ air$ine ate assinment an% trac-in system / use% by 8=+ at KFL airport / imp$emente% in 'ro$o on microcomputers / access %atabase for 1 %ai$y f$ihts, an% creates ate assinment in hours, ith 1 hour per mo%ification!

( possib$e extension) $ost $uae!


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Conc$usion

p. 17 0armon


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Conc$usions from 'ic-ers system

ncrementa$ %esin of system et prototype runnin on initia$ prob$ems

bui$% onto it

Can he$p if Lno$e%e enineer has %omain -no$e%e

caeat) here, LE is a$rea%y Mcomputer/oriente%N

caeat) prob$em %omain e$$/a%apte% to 8estbui$%er para%im

&n/site capture of ne %ata permits continua$ up%ate of systemfor MfreeN

empirica$ %ata capture an% #B usefu$ for LB, as e$$ as pro%uctsthemse$es

interate% stan%a$one systems (e. $aptops! ery han%y C# R&;s a$so can preent nee% to %on$oa% %ata

10 famous systems

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